GB 16355-1996 Radiological Health Protection Standard for X-ray Diffractometers and Fluorescence Analyzers GB16355-1996 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

National Standard of the People's Republic of China
X-ray diffraction and fluorescence analyzer
Radiation protection standards forX-raydiffraction and fluorescence analysis equipment1Subject content and scope of application
GB16355-1996
This standard specifies the radiation protection standards and radiation protection safety operation requirements for X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence analyzer. This standard applies to the production and use of X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence analyzer. 2 Reference standards
GB4075 Classification of sealed radioactive sources
GB4076 General provisions for sealed radioactive sources
GB4792 Basic standards for radiation health protection
GB8703 Provisions for radiation protection
ZBY226 Technical conditions for X-ray diffractometer
3 Terms
3. 1 X-ray diffractometer and X-ray fluorescence analyzerX-ray diffraction equipment and X-ray fluorescence analysisequipmentbzxZ.net
X-ray diffractometer uses X-rays to bombard samples and measure the spatial distribution of the intensity of the diffracted X-rays to determine the microstructure of the sample.
X-ray fluorescence analyzer uses X-rays to bombard samples and measure the characteristic X-rays to determine the type and content of elements in the sample.
X-ray diffractometer and X-ray fluorescence analyzer are collectively referred to as analyzers below. 3.2 Closed-beam analytical equipment and open-beam analytical equipment
Closed-beam analytical equipment is an analyzer whose structure can prevent any part of the human body from entering the useful beam area. Open-beam analytical equipment is an analyzer whose structure does not fully meet the characteristics of closed-beam analyzers. It is possible that part of the operator's body accidentally enters the useful beam area.
3.3 Radiation source
In this standard, radiation source refers specifically to X-ray tubes or sealed radionuclide sources that can emit characteristic X-rays after the sample is stimulated (hereinafter referred to as sealed sources).
3.4 ​​Interlocking device A safety control device of the analyzer that can issue a warning signal when the relevant components are activated, or can prevent the analyzer from entering the use state, so that the working analyzer is immediately shut down. 3.5 Useful beam primary radiation
Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on May 23, 1996 and implemented on December 1, 1996
GB16355—1996
Standby radiation beam emitted from the radiation source through the window, light barrier or collimator. 3.6 Exposed components Components in the analyzer that are exposed to the useful beam, such as: source housing, light shield, collimator, connector, sample holder, goniometer, detector, etc. 3.7 Source housing radiation source housing A shell with a certain protective effect that is wrapped around the outside of the radiation source, divided into a sealed source housing and an X-ray tube housing. 3.8 Protective enclosure protective enclosure A protective device used to shield the source housing and all exposed components in an open beam analyzer. On the side of the protective cover, there is usually a protective window that can be moved horizontally. After the debugging and calibration operations are completed, the protective window is closed to effectively prevent personnel from being exposed to the useful beam and strong scattered rays.
3.9 Shutter
A device installed at the outlet of the useful wire bundle that can shield the useful wire bundle. 4 General requirements
4.1 The production and use of analyzers must comply with the requirements specified in GB4792, ensure the justification of practice, optimize radiation protection and strictly implement the provisions of personal dose limits.
4.2 The production and use of analyzers must reasonably assemble the irradiated parts to reduce scattered rays as much as possible. 4.3 The analyzer must have the following factory certificates and information: a. Product manual, which must include the technical indicators specified in this standard; product radiation protection certificate issued by the health department; b.
User manual, which must include safe operation and radiation protection instructions. 5 Radiation shielding requirements for analyzers
5.1 When the source set is installed in the housing or protective cover of the analyzer, under any of the following conditions, the air absorption dose rate of the radiation shall not exceed 25μGy·h-1 (2.5mrad·h-1) at any position 5cm away from the outer surface of the source set: a. The X-ray tube is at the highest tube voltage and maximum power; the sealed source in the source set does not exceed the maximum activity given in the product manual. b.
5.2 The air absorption dose rate of the radiation shall not exceed 2.5uGy*h-1 (0.25mrad·h-1) at the following positions: a. The position 5cm away from all outer surfaces of the closed-beam analyzer (including high-voltage power supply, analyzer housing, etc.) that the human body may reach; a.
b. Any position 5cm away from the outer surface of the protective cover and light shield of the beam analyzer. 5.3 When the X-ray tube is at the highest voltage and maximum power, the thickness of the light shield shall not be less than the lead equivalent thickness listed in Table 1. Table 1 Minimum lead equivalent thickness of the light shield
Anode current!
X-ray tube voltage (peak voltage), kv
Note: 1) Refers to the anode current corresponding to the maximum power when the X-ray tube has the highest voltage. 6 Protection requirements for closed-beam analyzers with X-ray tubes 100
6.1 The source set and all irradiated parts must be installed inside the closed casing of the analyzer. During normal operation, no part of the human body can enter the casing.
6.2 The casing of the closed-beam analyzer must have an interlocking device, which will automatically cut off the high-voltage power supply of the X-ray tube or close the outlet of the useful wire bundle once the casing is opened.
GB16355--1996
7 Protection requirements for beam analyzers with X-ray tubes 7.1 Filters
The filters in the window of the X-ray tube protection cover shall meet the requirements specified in ZBY226. 7.2 Overload protection
When the analyzer encounters one of the following overload conditions, it can automatically cut off the high voltage of the X-ray tube: a. The high voltage of the X-ray tube exceeds the rated value by 1~3kV; b. The current of the X-ray tube exceeds the rated value by 1~3mA; c.
Exceeds the set power.
7.3 Interlocking device
7.3.1 "Special lock-to-main power" interlock
The analyzer must have a special lock. The special lock is interlocked with the main power switch, and the main power can only be connected after unlocking with a special key. 7.3.2 "Protective cover-high voltage" or "Protective cover-shutter" interlock beam analyzers shall be equipped with protective covers, which can be interlocked with the high voltage or shutter of the X-ray tube. When the analyzer is working normally, the protective cover is in an interlocked state. Only by tightly closing its movable protective window can the useful beam be emitted; when the analyzer is working, the protective window is opened, the high voltage is immediately cut off or the shutter is closed, interrupting the useful beam. The interlock of the protective cover can only be cut off when debugging and calibrating the analyzer.
7.4 Console
The console must include:
aX-ray tube high voltage power switch, indicator light, high voltage regulator and readout; b. X-ray tube current regulator and readout; control switch and indicator light of the shutter.
7.5 Warnings and signs
7.5.1Red warning signal lights must be installed at the positions listed in Table 2 and linked with the corresponding switches. Table 2 Warning lights and linkage switches
Warning light position
Conspicuous place inside the protective cover
Next to the high-voltage power switch
Next to the shutter
7.5.2 Strong warning signs must be placed near the following locations: Special lock and main power switch of the analyzer; a.
b. High-voltage power switch of the X-ray tube;
c Protective cover of the X-ray tube.
Corresponding linkage switches
Main power switch of the analyzer
High-voltage power switch
Shutter switch
7.5.3 In addition to the radioactive signs specified in GB8703, the warning signs shall also have eye-catching text warnings, such as: "Caution! The instrument generates radiation when powered on! Only qualified personnel are allowed to operate!" or similar text warnings. 8 Protection requirements for sealed source analyzers
8.1 The sealed source must meet the requirements specified in GB4075. 8.2 There must be mechanical structures and protective measures that can prevent the sealed source from falling off and protect the sealed source from damage, such as a source cover. 8.3 Warning signs:
8.3.1 When the analyzer has a source cover, there must be a firm warning sign on the outer surface of the source cover. 113
GB16355-1996
8.3.2 When the analyzer does not have a source cover, there must be a firm warning sign near the sealed source. 8.3.3 The warning sign must be marked with:
Radioactivity sign in accordance with GB8703;
The number of the sealed source or source cover;
Nuclide, activity, manufacturer, and production date of the sealed source; c.
Emphasizing text warning: "There is a radioactive source inside, be careful" or similar text warning. 8.4 Beam analyzers with sealed sources should have obvious signs for the shutter and the open and closed states of the shutter. 9.1 All unused beam outlets must be tightly closed. 9.2 When operating the analyzer, special attention should be paid to prevent local exposure to the hands, head, etc., and protective measures such as wearing protective glasses should be taken. 9.3 When the analyzer is working, the sample being irradiated must be properly shielded. 9.4 The light shield must be closed when replacing the sample. 9.5 When removing and installing the source sleeve and other irradiated parts, the light shield must be closed and the high voltage of the X-ray tube must be cut off. 9.6 The analyzer must not be debugged under the condition that the X-ray tube is exposed. 9.7 When calibrating and debugging the useful wire bundle of the analyzer, it must be operated at a lower voltage and lower current, avoid strong beams, and take local shielding protection measures.
9.8 Without the approval of the radiation protection department of the unit or the corresponding competent department, no one may arbitrarily change the original irradiated parts of the analyzer and their assembly structure and assembly position. 9.9 When strong leakage (scattered) radiation is found, the source should be analyzed and effective protective measures should be taken. 10 Dose Monitoring
Site Dose Monitoring
Site dose monitoring shall be conducted in any of the following situations: Change of the irradiated components of the analyzer or change of its assembly structure or assembly position; a.
b. Calibration and adjustment of the useful wiring harness of the analyzer, c.
Change or damage of the shielding protection equipment of the analyzer; Exceeding the prescribed inspection cycle.
10.2 Personal Dose Monitoring
10.2.1 When the site dose monitoring results prove that the annual effective dose equivalent of personnel is unlikely to exceed 5mSv, personal dose monitoring can be exempted. Otherwise, monitoring should be carried out as needed and records should be made. 10.2.2 When calibrating, adjusting, installing, and repairing beam analyzers, dosimeters should be worn on fingers or wrists. 10.3 Monitoring Instruments and Methods
10.3.1 Personal dosimeters and dose patrol meters should be consistent with the energy range of the analyzer to be tested. 10.3.2 The air absorption dose rates in Articles 5.1 and 5.2 of this Regulation shall be averaged over an area of ​​10 cm2. 10.3.3 The measurement of small cross-section, high-intensity scattered beams near the irradiated parts shall first use the film method to qualitatively detect the position of such rays, and then use the survey meter to measure at the corresponding position. 10.3.4 When the cross-sectional area of ​​the beam (S) is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the dose survey meter detector, necessary corrections shall be made to the instrument readings. The general simplified correction method is to multiply the readings by the correction factor K. Cross-sectional area of ​​the detector,
(s>lcm) ....
Cross-sectional area of ​​the beam
(1)
KSquare centimeters of the detector cross-sectional area Scm (．) 114
Additional notes:
GB16355—1996
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China. This standard was drafted by the Beijing Radiation Health Protection Institute. The main drafter of this standard is Wang Shijin. This standard is interpreted by the Ministry of Health’s Radiation Health Protection Supervision and Monitoring Institute, which is the technical unit entrusted by the Ministry of Health. This standard was prepared with reference to two documents, NBSHandbook111 (1977) and SSRCR Part H (1982) of the US National Bureau of Standards. 115
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