Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Classification Standard of Soil
GBJ145—90
1991Beijing
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
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National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Classification Standard of Soil
145—90
Editor Department: Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China Approval Department: People's Republic of China Ministry of Construction Implementation date: August 1, 1991
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
Notice on the release of the national standard
"Soil Classification Standard"
(90) Jianbiaozi No. 691
According to the requirements of the former State Planning Commission's document [1987] No. 2390, the "Soil Classification Standard" compiled by the former Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power and relevant departments of the State Council has been reviewed by relevant departments. The "Soil Classification Standard" GBJ145-90 is now approved as a national standard and will be implemented on August 1, 1991.
This standard is managed by the Ministry of Water Resources, and its specific interpretation and other work are the responsibility of the Beijing Graduate School of North China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower. The publication and distribution is organized by the Standard and Quota Research Institute of the Ministry of Construction.
Ministry of Construction
December 30, 1990
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
Preparation Statement
This standard is compiled by the Beijing Graduate School of the North China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower under the Ministry of Water Resources in accordance with the requirements of the former State Planning Commission's Document No. [1987] 2390, and is jointly compiled by 9 units including the China Academy of Building Research under the Ministry of Construction. During the compilation of this standard, the standard compilation team conducted extensive investigations and studies, carefully summarized the practical experience of land classification in China, referred to relevant international standards and advanced foreign standards, carried out scientific research and experimental verification work on major technical issues, and widely solicited opinions from relevant units across the country. Finally, the Ministry of Water Resources and relevant departments reviewed and finalized the draft.
Since this standard is compiled for the first time, during the implementation process, we hope that all units will combine engineering practice and scientific research, carefully summarize experience, and pay attention to accumulating information. If you find that there is a need for modification and enrichment, please send your opinions and relevant information to the Beijing Graduate School of the North China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower, Ministry of Water Resources (Beijing Zizhuyuan, Postal Code 100044) for reference in future revisions.
Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China
October 1990
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
Chapter 1 General
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
General Provisions
Classification of Soils…·
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Simple Identification, Classification and Description of Soils
Chapter 4
Section 1 Simple Identification Methods
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Section 2 Identification and Classification| |tt||Section 3
Appendix 1
Description of soil state
Basic code
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Appendix 2 Explanation of terms used in this standard
0010000000000000000000000000000000000000 Additional explanation
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Chapter 1
Article 1.0.1 This standard is formulated to unify the identification, naming and description of engineering soils and to facilitate qualitative evaluation of soil properties. Article 1.0.2 This standard applies to all types of engineering soils; it does not apply to sand, stone and organic soil used in concrete.
Note: Engineering soil refers to the soil involved in engineering investigation, building foundation, dam filling and foundation treatment, and organic soil refers to soil in which most of the soil material is organic matter. Article 1.0.3 This standard is a general classification standard for engineering soil. Engineering departments of various industries can compile special classification standards according to their own special needs. Article 1.0.4 The various classification tests of soil shall comply with the provisions of the current national standard "Standard for Geotechnical Test Methods". Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
·1
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Chapter 2 General Provisions
Article 2.0.1 The category of engineering soil shall be determined based on the following soil indicators: 1. Soil particle composition and characteristics;
2. Soil plasticity indicators: liquid limit (o), plastic limit (W) and plasticity index (Ip);
3. The presence of organic matter in the soil.
Article 2.0.2 The particle groups of soil shall be divided according to the particle size range of soil particles specified in Table 2.0.2.
Particle group division
Particle group general name
Particle group name
Boulder (block stone) particles
Pebble (crushed stone) particles
Particle group particle size d range (mm)
200>d>60
60>>20
20>d>2
2>d>0.075
0.075>d>0.005
Article 2.0.3 The composition characteristics of soil particles shall be determined according to the uneven coefficient (C.) and curvature coefficient of the soil grading index. Number (C.) Determined, and should comply with the following provisions: 1. The coefficient of unevenness should be calculated as follows: d.6o
(2.0.3-1)
Wherein, d60——
A certain particle size on the particle size distribution curve of the soil, the mass of soil particles smaller than this particle size is 60% of the total soil particle mass,
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
WEngineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
d10—A certain particle size on the particle size distribution curve of the soil, the mass of soil particles smaller than this particle size is 10% of the total soil particle mass.
2. The coefficient of curvature should be calculated as follows: c. =
dioXd60
(2.0.3—2)
-A particle size on the particle size distribution curve of the soil, the mass of soil particles smaller than this particle size is 30% of the total soil particle mass.
Article 2.0.4 Fine-grained soil should be classified according to the plasticity diagram. The horizontal axis of the plasticity diagram is the liquid limit of the soil (), and the vertical axis is the plasticity index (1,). This standard stipulates two types of plasticity diagrams, which can be selected according to the following liquid limit standards: 1. When the water content corresponding to the depth of the tip of the liquid limit instrument with a mass of 76g and a cone angle of 30° entering the soil is 17mm is the liquid limit, it should be classified according to the plasticity diagram 2.0.4-1. Ip=0.73(#120)
W1=50%
100110
Figure 2.0.4-1 Plasticity diagram
2. When the water content corresponding to the depth of 10mm of the cone tip of the liquid limit instrument with a mass of 76g and a cone angle of 30° is the liquid limit, it should be classified according to the plasticity diagram 2.0.4-2. Article 2.0.5 The organic matter in the soil shall be determined based on the incompletely decomposed animal and plant remains and the Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
W·3.
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Ip=0. 63 (WI-20)
WI=40%
50607080
Liquid limit L,%
Figure 2.0.4-2
Plasticity diagram
90100110
amorphous matter. Organic matter is black, blue-black or dark, has a bad smell, is elastic and spongy, and can be identified by visual inspection, hand touch or smell. When it cannot be identified, the following method can be used: bake the sample in an oven at 100-110℃. When the liquid limit of the sample after baking is less than 3/4 of the liquid limit of the sample before baking, the sample is organic soil.
Article 2.0.6 Engineering soil is divided into two categories: general soil and special soil. 1. General soil can be divided into coarse-grained soil and soil containing coarse particles, coarse-grained soil, and fine-grained soil according to the relative content of different particle groups. Coarse-grained soil, soil containing coarse particles, and coarse-grained soil can be divided into 16 soil types according to particle groups, grading, and the plasticity of fine particles contained; fine-grained soil can be divided into 16 soil types according to the plasticity diagram, the type of coarse particles contained, and the amount of organic matter. 2. The special soil referred to in this standard includes loess, expansive soil, and red clay, which can be preliminarily identified according to the position of their plasticity index on the plasticity diagram. Article 2.0.7 The soil type code is composed of a combination of basic codes. The basic code and its meaning shall comply with the provisions of Appendix 1 of this standard. Article 2.0.8. The codes for indicating soil types shall be composed as follows: Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
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1. One code indicates the name of the soil. 2. When it is composed of two basic codes, the first basic code indicates the main component of the soil, and the second basic code indicates the secondary component, or the gradation of the soil, or the liquid limit of the soil. 3. When it is composed of three basic codes, the first basic code indicates the main component of the soil, the second basic code indicates the liquid limit, and the third basic code indicates the trace components in the soil.
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
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Classification of Soil
Chapter 3
Article 3.0.1 Coarse-grained soil and soil containing coarse-grained soil shall be classified according to the following provisions: 1. Soil with coarse-grained soil group mass exceeding 50% of the total mass in the sample is called coarse-grained soil; 2. Soil with coarse-grained soil group mass accounting for 15% to 50% of the total mass in the sample is called coarse-grained mixed soil;
3. For soil with coarse-grained soil group mass less than 15% of the total mass in the sample, coarse-grained soil may be deducted and classified and named according to the corresponding provisions of coarse-grained soil or fine-grained soil. Note: When the volume of coarse-grained soil dispersed in the soil affects the overall properties of the soil, the mesh particles may not be deducted and the soil shall be classified and named according to the corresponding provisions of coarse-grained soil or fine-grained soil, and this shall be noted. Article 3.0.2 The classification and naming of coarse-grained soil and soil containing coarse-grained soil shall comply with the provisions of Table 3.0.2.
Classification of coarse-grained soil and soil containing coarse-grained soil
Coarse-grained soil
Zhilli Na
Chenhe Mat
Particle group content
Coarse-grained content
100%~75%
High-grained content
<75%,
Coarse-grained content
50%~15%
Article 3.0.3
Coarse-grained soil.
Pebble>50%
Pebble≤50%
Pebble>50%
Pebble50%
Pebble>Pebble
Pebble<Pebble
Soil code
Soil name
Mixed soil pebbles
Pebble mixed soil
Pebble mixed soil
The mass of the coarse-grained group in the sample is more than 50% of the total mass, which is called the third. Article 0.4
Coarse-grained soil shall be classified according to the following provisions:
, the soil in which the mass of gravel group in the sample is more than 50% of the total mass is called gravel soil; 2. The soil in which the mass of gravel group in the sample is less than or equal to 50% of the total mass is called sand-type soil. Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
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, Gravel soil shall be classified according to the content and type of fine particles and the gradation of coarse grain group in accordance with Table 3.0.5.
Classification of gravel soil
Gravel containing fine-grained soil
Fine-grained soil gravel
Fine grain content
Particle group content
Gradation, c>5
Gradation:
Not meeting
the above requirements at the same time
Fine grain content 5%~15%
Fine grain content
Fine grains are clay
Fine grains are silt
Note: C or M in the table is determined according to Table 3.0.9 or 3.0.10. Soil code
Soil name
Well-graded gravel
Poorly graded gravel
Gravel containing fine particles
Clay gravel
Silty gravel
Article 3.0.6 Sandy soils should be classified according to Table 3.0.6 based on the content and type of fine particles and the gradation of coarse particles.
Classification of sandy soil
Sand containing fine-grained soil
Fine-grained soil sand
Fine grain content
Particle group content
Grading, c>6
Ce=1~3
Not meeting
Grading at the same time:
Meet the above requirements
Fine grain content 5%~15%
Fine grain content
Article 3.0.7
Soil is called fine-grained soil.
Fine particles are clay
Fine particles are silt
Soil code
Soil name
Well-graded sand
Poorly graded sand
Sand containing fine particles
Clayey sand
Silty sand
Engineering construction standard full-text information system in which the mass of fine particles in the sample is more than or equal to 50% of the total mass
W.·77
Soil is called fine-grained soil.
Fine grains are clay
Fine grains are silt
Soil code
Soil name
Well-graded sand
Poorly graded sand
Sand containing fine grains
Clayey sand
Silty sand
Engineering construction standard full-text information system where the mass of fine grains in the sample is more than or equal to 50% of the total mass
W.·77
Soil is called fine-grained soil.
Fine grains are clay
Fine grains are silt
Soil code
Soil name
Well-graded sand
Poorly graded sand
Sand containing fine grains
Clayey sand
Silty sand
Engineering construction standard full-text information system where the mass of fine grains in the sample is more than or equal to 50% of the total mass
W.·7
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