GB/T 11349.1-1989 Basic definitions and sensors for experimental determination of mechanical admittance
Some standard content:
UDC 884.1.08
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB 11349.1~11349.2-89
Experimental determination of mechanical mobility
Experimental determlnation of mechanical mobility-Basle deflnitions and traisdueersGB1134.1
This standard adopts regional standard 1507626/1:198 Test method for dynamic mechanical admittance - Part 1: Definition and special points of this standard》
Application scope of this standard
This standard specifies the basic definition of mechanical admittance measurement in the measurement of dynamic admittance and the necessary parameters and measurement methods.
The measurement of dynamic admittance of various types of sensors is subject to the following solutions. 2 monthly standard
heart 2298 machine moving limit, shock name straight technique
a symbol
4 water language definition
city through the response area
temperature fluorescence
special skin device compilation mountain
social guide road
drug bundle group resistance
total selection number
under single point excitation, the flow or response phase quantity [female inflammation quantity) and the excitation force column (long card, the concentration ratio is a function of frequency. : ask the group of power required by the effect, and the British type element of the retreat number. Like other This function can be used for commercial purposes at the time of the application, random embedding rate heat technology supervision bureau 198905…01 approved 1990-01-1 implementation
GB11349.1-89
statistical data state function. The use of the test results and the results of the other tests can be estimated based on the actual performance indicators of the door under the door. The (text) and covalent) limit is not strict to say that you want to record the beauty of the young people in the hospital. In fact, it can only be like a difference, especially in the state of mouse movement;. It should be thought that it has changed; non-double-sex effects are average. Line stickers (such as some of the solutions are condensed) should not be used to induce dirty state. Be especially careful about the qualifications of the sales engineers for these methods.
movement can be delivered in Sichuan, and the movement hope or position can be increased. For the sake of justice, only the "derivatives" and a large number of high are collected in the standard, so that all the requirements and the degree of operation are suitable for the same definite expansion.
"Point" is a force that adapts to the object, and the meaning of "core mark" in this text is relevant. The actual
4.2 Admittance, r:
In addition to the restrictions on the support of the structure in practical applications, there will be no constraints on the measuring point. The velocity response of the point at this time is based on the frequency compliance function composed of the ratio of the root of the exciting force at the point (first adjusted) and the speed response of the point (first adjusted). The typical curve is shown in Figure 1
, which can be horizontal, horizontal, and vertical: it can be rotated: it can be rotated. 4.3 About the table resistance pit, Z.
point (driving point) force test factor (no need to be complex) Ning The ratio of this point to the maximum (complex loss), at this time, all other measuring points on the structure are planned to obtain medicine (that is, the total limit violation is zero) Note: In order to control the situation of the car flow, the environment should take advantage of the overall impact of all points, so there is little maximum resistance. The main method of the resistance of the measured point or position of any component of the research period is to use the total resistance of the finite element structure in the mathematical band of the figure. When the mathematical type is reported and the result is obtained, the limit resistance moment of the point can be calculated by the axis speed as the guide, or there is a guide or a general resistance,
4. 4 White point impedance
The impedance is the lower number of the admittance defined in 4.2. In the following: The gate impedance determined by the return can be relatively or a risk, and this first drop may be completely different from the actual impedance 4.6 obtained by the light compensation of the student. It is beneficial not to use the admittance, and some other proofs are given in the table:,.
CH T1349. t— 89
Smoke rate, Ht
Reduction 1 typical actual test meter
*-N) /
GB11849.1-8
Stick Army, Hi
Figure 2 and Figure 9 corresponding to the admittance diagram of Figure!
GB11a49.1-8
3 and Figure 1 corresponding to the medical conduction of the conductor of ... =ke*
In actual operation, the non-linear impedance is easy to realize
digital impedance
z.+-++/o:
(Ns)/m
Drug has obvious resistance
(there are obvious ones)
+ N-g+]/α -kg
This experiment H edge reality condition is very likely to produce some technical
free such as barrier
free effective quality)
(N+g*)/m -ke
The actual data should be smooth, but the results should be balanced. 6. In the test, the data should be within the range of the highest possible value. 5 Basic requirements for force sensors and motion sensors 5.1 General In order to obtain the necessary data, the basic characteristics of the measured device shall be as follows: Position sensor, speed sensor, impedance sensor (dynamic), displacement sensor, resistance sensor (automatic), the sensor should have sufficient sensitivity and noise reduction to ensure that the noise ratio of the measured system can meet the requirements of the test range. The larger the damping of the structure, the greater the vibration range. Therefore, when the test is controlled, the noise of the sensor will have a more significant impact.
, if the rate response function of the oxygen sensor is large, after appropriate treatment and compensation, the sensor value will be far below or far above the relevant frequency range to avoid unacceptable phase shift. The sensitivity of the sensor should be relatively stable and its DC temperature shift should be small. d, the sensor should be closely resistant to external environmental effects (such as temperature, blue, magnetic field, electric field, acoustic field, strain and cross input).
The mass and inertia of the sensor should be small to avoid adding dynamic loads to the test structure, or at least be able to be corrected.
The system grounding circuit will not be affected by external factors. 5.2 Requirements for motion sensors
Motion sensors are often used in admittance measurement. Sometimes displacement sensors or tracking sensors are used. 5.2.1-6
GB11349.1-89
5.2.4 describes the key features to be considered when selecting these sensors. 5.2.1 The quality of the motion sensor should be relatively light (non-conductive sensors should be used) and the attached load of the test structure should be small. 2.2 The connection of the sensor structure must be rigid in the test axis. 5.2.3 The contact surface should be close to the test structure to prevent the sensor or the output structure from being blocked. 5.2.4 When pulses are applied, due to the thermoelectric effect, the electric point of the sensor is prone to drift, which will limit the frequency of the test indication. In this case, other types of current sensors can be used, such as resistive, electric or some shear type pressure and velocity sensors. 5.3 Requirements for force sensors
In selecting a force sensor for admittance monitoring, some characteristics in 5.1 are more important than others. Certain requirements must be considered in the design of the force sensor. 5.3.1-5.3.3 should be given priority. 6.8.1 The effective area should be of sufficient quality to minimize the external signals it causes (see .4 for details). 5.3.2 The force sensor and its components should be selected so that they are in the area of interest. The pressure range of the ten-point pressure is not large, and it can be satisfied. The appropriate commercial guide effect should be compensated for. The influence of the vibration on the sensor element will be guided: 5.3, and the static and required excitation range is adapted to the required range. The internal preloaded sensor operation helps solve this problem: 5.4 The impedance head and the structure of the child are connected to the device used for retrograde admittance operation. It can be called "Yang impedance head" in the world. The H setting is 5.2 and 5.In addition to the requirements of 5.3, the requirements of 5.4, 5.4.4 must also be met. 5.1 The flexibility between the test structure and the internal speed sensor should be small, and the large speed sensor will cause the measured reading. 5.4.2 The effective end quality should be used properly. The self-addition of the test structure (effective quality) should be very small. 5.3 The impedance loss of the head should be small enough for the sweeping inertia of the connection surface, and the load caused by the rotation of the structure around the connection should be minimized. 5.4 In the design of the choke, the influence of the cross-talk of the sensor on the force should be reduced. 5 Calibration
Calibration is divided into two categories.
2: Measurement and analysis combined system calibration:
b, sensor basic calibration
core, sensor supplementary calibration.
6,1 System calibration
Test and analysis group will be the system calibration should be produced at the beginning and three times of the test work (or in the test). The system calibration is easier to achieve than the original exchange, more accurate, and shorter in application. The system calibration is suitable for the automatic control of the mother to achieve the desired result. The gain of the reverse sweep force is sufficient in the measurement of the wide range of positions used. What is the result of the adjustment of the channel and the cavitation of the line to the corresponding quality of the previous line, the good system calibration should be checked
In the system calibration, the false alarm rate and the screening rate are given in the position. Except for the components)! The one that can be used is said to be connected. The woman is in the car, the small device is privately purchased, and the degree of special equipment is the product! , the passband does not need to be calibrated. When the card is used, the speed sensor and the speed recorder are used to record the speed of the child. The .2 sensor is not enough to give the basic calibration supplementary calibration in Table 2 to verify the usability of the sensor. The transmission belt needs to use other types of final sensors. These methods can be modified. After the technical control or supplementary calibration, the performance of the sensor changes. If the method is not allowed, the sensor should not be used.
The sensor with the undetermined degree of accuracy is calibrated under the conditions used. For example, the pressure transmitter used in conjunction with an amplifier or high impedance pressure amplifier, the impedance and speed sensor should be calibrated with the intended receiver, and the capacitance of the intended conductor should be measured correctly. Note that the sensor should be calibrated with the wire used. For other types of sensors, they should be calibrated according to the manufacturer's requirements and the intended signal. When calibrating the force sensor, the special specifications should be similar to those specified by the manufacturer. The three-dimensional accuracy of the mounting surface and the tightening torque of the connecting bolts should be measured. (The inductive load and the mounting surface are original and slippery. At high frequencies, the connection effect and rigidity between the two will be visible. When using special sensors or positive electrodes, the calibration should be carried out as soon as possible.
Table 2 Summary of sensor calibration and inspection items Inspection items
Sensor
Frequency response
Inspection room
Civil safety inspection
7 Piezoelectric sensor 7.1 General Principles for Sensor Calibration 8.5.1.9.2 Basic Calibration of Sensors 7.1 General Principles for Sensors 8.5.1.9.2 Basic Calibration of ... 7.2.1.2.2.2.2.2.2.3 ... In actual monitoring, the most convenient example is 10m/s.
Sensitivity calibration should be done at the following locations, usually XUH. Note: If the sensor is not suitable for a certain application or is not compatible with the specified rate function, the sensitivity can also be calculated.
The sensitivity of the charge-converting sensor used in conjunction with the inverter is in PC (m/s). The unit of the acceleration measurement of the load cell or impedance converter used in conjunction with the voltage amplifier is Vm/s). The acceleration measurement of the load cell can be accurately measured by the data of the transmission path, and the total acceleration or the total impedance measurement can be obtained by the method of V). 7.2.2 Sensitivity of force transmitter and reducer
311a49.1—89
The force components in the force sensor and impedance head are calibrated using the quality and accuracy method. After the sensitivity is standardized, it is done in parallel as follows: the force sensor is installed on a suitable vibration table with the recommended and expected torque. The force sensor is activated at a certain reverse interval, and a standard acceleration sensor is installed on the force sensor to measure the output voltage and speed of the force sensor amplifier. Then, under the standard acceleration sensor plan, a load mass is installed on the force sensor to be adjusted, and then the standard sensor must be installed on the top of the force sensor, without changing the amplifier's gain or loss. The temperature and viscosity vibration value is equal to the output voltage of the amplifier in the previous test piece (=). Then the sensitivity S of the channel can be derived by formula 1
load:
(m+mi+m:Im3)a(m1m:Im)on
standard acceleration sensor mass:
mass of screw control:
force signal container The effective weight of the single kg of the Swiss health, the flash a = a., (1 becomes S. =
(2)
three, a non-installed model with power transmission forget product, sales certificate safety exploration limit is in the quantity to reach the complete use direction, with the spirit of change and the certificate of qualification are your road to the battle of the white big.
(2! Small suitable way (that is, a purchase of a device set) sensitivity single industry V waiting for the force device of this guide spirit room can be mountain style 2: the science institute is the teaching of the university's error out. And the electrical test The sensor's ability to sense love is independent of the P, and it is also the sensitivity of the perfect sensor. The unit is V/N
Note: When you need to be precise, you can feel the sound of the small sense. The controller of the month will understand the school operation, and get the appropriate total unit with four good units. The above is the rate of low-end operation and inspection. The system is divided into six parts. When it is new, the total rate is determined by the service system efficiency quality and the 1-knife separation device density K method. It can be estimated: fh=
+ i1r2 -m:
In Chinese: The product is the device to be measured, H
7.2.3 that is, the movable head or the socket
resistance head can be calibrated according to the method of 7, 2, 1 and 7.2.2. The sensitivity of the sensor must be calibrated separately. The high resistance head needs to be read by hand from a person with great popularity, and the resistance is guaranteed to be within a very realistic range. The product guide is:
1. The resistance is measured by the non-ohmmeter of the silicon control line of the sensor, and the distance between the heart and the disk shall not exceed the moving head. V heart month resistance to reduce the standard. The book with brush electric industry relies on the three forces in the sensor industry within the frequency range, for the sensor with little change in capacitance with frequency, the passband is the best.
Not for some of the 3 electrical materials with the change in quantity and voltage, so the new, should be set in the air (20 ~ 30 ℃ "and in the sensor manufacturing! I try to measure the super inductor under the customer, and should avoid pressing the sensor before and after the ring, so that the capacitance change caused by the change in temperature is small.
Property: For the cold skeleton of the sub-components in the world, the three motor protection methods can not be caused by the capture of the full or the ability of the components, under this situation, should be installed and other methods.
The resistance should be repeated at the same time (7.1). These measurements are correct. Therefore, GB 11349.1-$9
When there is a significant change compared with the previous calibration results, the sensor should be further controlled and supplemented.
7.3.2 The resistance should be measured at all joints and installations of the sensor. If the sensor is not an absolute load type, the manufacturer should specify the installation method when using the sensor to meet the absolute date. Supplementary calibration of piezoelectric sensors
B.1 General
Manufacturing The various types of sensors produced shall be subjected to the supplementary calibration and inspection items listed in Table 2. In order to determine the specific working characteristics or performance changes of the sensor, the additional calibration and inspection items may be done by the user. B.2 Dimensions
All dimensions including the diameter of the back, wings, core, diameter and the diameter of the mounting bracket or the inspection plate shall be listed and noted on the drawing. The specifications and models of the connectors and cables shall also be provided. 8 Quality
The qualities listed in the instruction manual are the total quality of the sensor, including the quality of the pressure gauge, plug and cable. 8.4 Effective quality of the force sensor and impedance head The effective quality of the sensor and impedance head refers to the difference between the force sensing element of the sensor and the test reverse terminal. The effective end mass value is listed in the product manual. The total effective end mass should be the sum of the combined effective mass and the connection properties given to the user in the manual. B,5 Flexibility of the impedance head
The flexibility of the impedance head is the combined flexibility of its six parts plus the connection sensor and the connection point. When measuring the impedance, in addition to the impedance measurement provided by the manufacturer, the flexibility of the connection should also be considered. . Table B (reference work) describes the method of experimentally determining the total flexibility. 8.6 Polarity
Usually the polarity of the sensor is also determined by the manufacturer! From the beginning, an impact is applied to the sensor from the mounting surface. If the output voltage is positive, the output of the sensor is defined as positive polarity. Otherwise, it is negative polarity. This method of determining the level is suitable for large-scale applications with a sensitivity of up to 100% or more. Multiple discrete sensors.
8. Frequency response
8.1.1 Frequency response of the sensor
The frequency response of the accelerometer should be calibrated by the comparison method. The amplitude of the amplitude with the maximum signal-to-noise ratio greater than 10 (20dB) should be carefully covered by the operating frequency range of the accelerometer. The frequency response is measured by using a simple active excitation or real frequency excitation with an exciter. The excitation can be a mechanical or instantaneous excitation. The simple micro excitation can be a sensitive hand excitation or a continuous scanning excitation. The frequency range is wide and the number of excitation points should be sufficient. For example, 10 measurement points should be added for every 0 frequency span. It should be ensured that the sensor has no partial resonance in the frequency range of interest. If the sensor is in a limited number of discrete frequencies, the frequency scan can play three roles. During continuous scanning, The entire range should be scanned according to the ratio and controlled by a multi-sensor feedback control system to keep the sensitivity amplitude constant. The frequency reduction should occur within the expected range of the sensor and its passiveness should not exceed 5%. It must be noted that the measurement error caused by the sensor's cross-sensitivity and the sensor's cross-sensitivity should not exceed the specified level. The rate response of the BT2 force sensor
is the sensor frequency. The standard conditions are the same as those of the above-mentioned acceleration sensor, but the force sensor should be loaded and vibrate with a constant amplitude at each specified frequency. At each frequency, measure the output voltage of the force sensor amplifier! The response deviation is expressed as a percentage and is obtained by the following formula: 10
GB 11349.I-19
The error of the response rate is = [
.1x100%.
The reference pressure is positive, which is the output voltage value of the sensor at the end of the test (i.e. H2). The mass on the force sensor causes the load and the sensor to form a system. It can be checked by the following method () and the frequency range of the sensor: the deviation of the response rate must be less than the reference mass rate! In order to obtain a higher correction, the linearity of the sensor is adjusted according to the standard. If the force sensor has internal quality, in order to obtain a higher correction, the linearity of the sensor is adjusted by the comparison method in the reverse calibration method with the harmonic excitation method. 8.8, 1 Accelerometer Linearity
Linearity shows the change of the sensitivity of the sensor under different acceleration or acceleration values. The input amplitude is set to make the sensor under test change from small to large within the range of the test, and the output of the calibrated accelerometer and the standard accelerometer is measured under different amplitudes. The linearity deviation is expressed as a ratio, given by formula (5), and the linearity reduction table is as follows:
zoi/ari
(aoiar)
The accelerometer measured by the calibrated accelerometer is relative to the acceleration value measured by the standard accelerometer, m/s? 1100%
The average value of the ratio of the amplitude measured by the variable resistance accelerometer to the amplitude of the standard accelerometer. (a17) --2 (/a)
F-:,21
Manufacturer adopts this method to calibrate the linearity of the continuous transmission. It is recommended to select three different short-distance measurements within the range of 90% to 100% of the design mileage. The user can check the linearity of the acceleration sensor in the range of his own use. If the linearity deviation under all speed amplitudes is within the range of ±2, the acceleration sensor is suitable for admittance measurement. 8.8.2 Note on linearity of force sensor
The sensor is usually excited with different acceleration rates of 80 Hz (if 80 Hz is outside the operating frequency range, other frequencies may also be used). The force sensor amplifier is normally excited with acceleration and the pressure is also increased. The linearity deviation is expressed as a percentage and is calculated by formula (6): linear deviation = [
× 100%.. -
where the sensor output voltage is the positive and negative value, Vm, and Vm is the half-mean value of the ratio of the output value of the sensor amplifier to the acceleration bandwidth, Vm. ()-
1=1,2,...
The avoidance force can be calculated by formula ():Www.bzxZ.net
Formula: F is the effective value under acceleration, N
E is the output voltage of the sensor under acceleration a, S
is the force level under speed avoidance, V/N [obtained by formula (2)]. The residual force can be obtained by formula (). 112 The frequency response of the force sensor is the same as the above acceleration sensor, but the force sensor should be loaded and vibrate at a constant amplitude at each specified frequency. At each frequency, measure the output voltage of the force sensor amplifier, and the standard response deviation is expressed as a percentage. The following formula is used to obtain the frequency response error = [
.1x100%.
The reference pressure is the output voltage value of the sensor amplifier at the end of the test (i.e. H2). The mass on the force sensor does not cause the load and the sensor to form a system. It can be checked by the formula () that the frequency range of the sensor is within the specified range: the frequency response deviation must be less than the reference mass response deviation. In order to obtain a higher sensitivity, the linearity of the sensor is calibrated by the comparison method with the harmonic excitation method. 8.8, 1 Accelerometer Linearity The linearity shows the change of the sensor sensitivity under different stress or variation values. The input amplitude is set so that the stress of the sensor changes from small to large within the range of the sensor, and the output of the calibrated acceleration sensor and the standard acceleration sensor are measured under different amplitudes. The linearity deviation is expressed as a ratio, given by formula (5). The linearity reduction table 3 [
Formula:
zoi/ari
(aoiar)
The acceleration measured by the standard acceleration sensor is relative to the acceleration value measured by the standard acceleration sensor, m/s? 1100%
The average value of the ratio of the amplitude measured by the variable resistance acceleration sensor to the green standard acceleration sensor isolation value. (a17) --2 (/a)
F-:,21
Manufacturer adopts this method to calibrate the linearity of the continuous running transmission. It is recommended to select three different short estimates within the range of 90% to 100% of the design mileage. The user can check the linearity of the acceleration sensor in the standard currency used. If the linearity deviation is within ±2° for all velocity amplitudes, the accelerometer is suitable for admittance measurement. 8.8.2 Note on linearity of force sensor
The sensor is usually excited with different acceleration rates of 80 Hz (if 80 Hz is outside the operating frequency range, other frequencies may also be used). The force sensor amplifier is normally excited with acceleration and the pressure is also increased. The linearity deviation is expressed as a percentage and is calculated by formula (6): linear deviation = [
× 100%.. -
where the sensor output voltage is the positive and negative value, Vm, and Vm is the half-mean value of the ratio of the output value of the sensor amplifier to the acceleration bandwidth, Vm. ()-
1=1,2,...
The avoidance force can be calculated by formula ():
Formula: F is the effective value under acceleration, N
E is the output voltage of the sensor under acceleration a, S
is the force level under speed avoidance, V/N [obtained by formula (2)]. The residual force can be obtained by formula (). 112 The frequency response of the force sensor is the same as the above acceleration sensor, but the force sensor should be loaded and vibrate at a constant amplitude at each specified frequency. At each frequency, measure the output voltage of the force sensor amplifier, and the standard response deviation is expressed as a percentage. The following formula is used to obtain the frequency response error = [
.1x100%.
The reference pressure is the output voltage value of the sensor amplifier at the end of the test (i.e. H2). The mass on the force sensor does not cause the load and the sensor to form a system. It can be checked by the formula () that the frequency range of the sensor is within the specified range: the frequency response deviation must be less than the reference mass response deviation. In order to obtain a higher sensitivity, the linearity of the sensor is calibrated by the comparison method with the harmonic excitation method. 8.8, 1 Accelerometer Linearity The linearity shows the change of the sensor sensitivity under different stress or variation values. The input amplitude is set so that the stress of the sensor changes from small to large within the range of the sensor, and the output of the calibrated acceleration sensor and the standard acceleration sensor are measured under different amplitudes. The linearity deviation is expressed as a ratio, given by formula (5). The linearity reduction table 3 [
Formula:
zoi/ari
(aoiar)
The acceleration measured by the standard acceleration sensor is relative to the acceleration value measured by the standard acceleration sensor, m/s? 1100%
The average value of the ratio of the amplitude measured by the variable resistance acceleration sensor to the green standard acceleration sensor isolation value. (a17) --2 (/a)
F-:,21
Manufacturer adopts this method to calibrate the linearity of the continuous running transmission. It is recommended to select three different short estimates within the range of 90% to 100% of the design mileage. The user can check the linearity of the acceleration sensor in the standard currency used. If the linearity deviation is within ±2° for all velocity amplitudes, the accelerometer is suitable for admittance measurement. 8.8.2 Note on linearity of force sensor
The sensor is usually excited with different acceleration rates of 80 Hz (if 80 Hz is outside the operating frequency range, other frequencies may also be used). The force sensor amplifier is normally excited with acceleration and the pressure is also increased. The linearity deviation is expressed as a percentage and is calculated by formula (6): linear deviation = [
× 100%.. -
where the sensor output voltage is the positive and negative value, Vm, and Vm is the half-mean value of the ratio of the output value of the sensor amplifier to the acceleration bandwidth, Vm. ()-
1=1,2,...
The avoidance force can be calculated by formula ():
Formula: F is the effective value under acceleration, N
E is the output voltage of the sensor under acceleration a, S
is the force level under speed avoidance, V/N [obtained by formula (2)]. The residual force can be obtained by formula (). 11
Tip: This standard content only shows part of the intercepted content of the complete standard. If you need the complete standard, please go to the top to download the complete standard document for free.