Ergonomic principles for the design of control centres Part 4 : Limited space dimensions
Some standard content:
DL./T575.4--1999
This standard is compiled with reference to the research results of human-machine engineering standardization at home and abroad (see Appendix A) on the dimensions of confined spaces. This series of standards DI/T575 is titled "Guidelines for Human-machine Engineering Design of Control Centers" and includes 12 standards: DI./T575.1 Guidelines for Human-machine Engineering Design of Control Centers Part 1: Terms and Definitions; 2 Guidelines for Human-machine Engineering Design of Control Centers Part 2: Field of View and Division of Viewing Areas; DL/T 575.2
DL/T 575.3 Guidelines for Human-machine Engineering Design of Control Centers Guidelines for Human-machine Engineering Design of Control Centers
DL/T 575.4
DI/T 575. 5
Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers
D1/T575.6Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centersGuidelines for ergonomic design of control centers
DL/T575.7
DL/T575.8Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centersDI/T575.9Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centersPart 3: Division of hand reach and operating area; Part 4: Dimensions of confined spaces:
Part 5: Principles of control center design;
Part 6: Principles of overall layout of control centers: Part 7: Layout of control rooms;
Part 8: Layout and dimensions of workstations: Part 9: Displays, controllers and interactions;)Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centersPart 10: Principles of environmental requirements;DI./T 575. 10
1Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers
DL./T 575. 11
DL/T575.12 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centres Appendix A of this standard is a suggestive appendix.
This standard was proposed by the former Ministry of Electric Power Industry of the People's Republic of China. Part 11: Evaluation principles for control rooms; Part 12: Visual display terminal (VDT) workstations. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Power Automation Research Institute of State Grid Corporation of China. The main drafting units of this standard: Power Automation Research Institute of State Grid Corporation of China, China Institute of Standardization and Information Classification and Coding The main drafters of this standard: Tong Shizhong, Ma Changshan, Zhang Jinhua, Hua Donghong, Liu Wei, 1253
1 Scope
Electric power industry standard of the People's Republic of China
Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centres
Part 4: Dimensions of confined space
Ergonomic principles for the design of control centresPart 4:Limited space dimensionsDL/T575.4:1999
This standard specifies the dimensions of confined spaces in the design of control centers, including the dimensions of confined work (maintenance space, confined activity space and personal psychological space.
This standard does not include the dimensions of safety protection space required for equipment or personal safety. The principles and contents for determining the dimensions of confined spaces specified in this standard are applicable not only to the layout design and maintenance space design of control centers, but also to the design of other confined spaces. 2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and the parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. DL/T575.1-1999 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers Part 1: Terms and definitions 3 Definitions
The definitions adopted in this standard are shown in DL/T575 .1-1999.4 General principles for confined space design
4.1 Types of confined spaces
Confined space refers to a space where people's free activities need to be restricted or restricted. For example, some operations and activities need to be carried out in a limited space; some spatial ranges have an impact on the normal working psychological state of the operator; some spaces have factors that may endanger personal safety. In the layout design or equipment design, these spaces must be fully considered and guaranteed, otherwise it will affect people's effective activities and even affect people's health and safety. Confined spaces include:
a) Confined operation (maintenance) space: mainly refers to the minimum space required for maintenance and other operations, see Chapter 5: b) Confined activity space: refers to the minimum space required for people to carry out necessary activities, see Chapter 6; c) Personal psychological space: refers to the space surrounding the human body and expected by its psychological feelings, see Chapter 7; (d) Safety space: refers to the necessary space or distance to ensure that the human body or its parts will not be harmed. This standard does not include the dimensions of safety spaces. For general requirements on safety spaces, please refer to Appendix A [3] and [6]. For special requirements, please refer to relevant standards or product manuals.
4.2 Main factors to be considered in confined space design 4.2.1 Characteristics of work and activities
Based on the needs and characteristics of actual work and activities, consider the body position, posture and range of motion of limbs in all directions, consider the space for tools, and leave appropriate margins
4.2.2 Human body dimensions
DL/T 575. 4-1999
This standard takes the 95th percentile size of men as the design basis, and considers the margin for clothing. When working in cold conditions, the margin for wearing thick work clothes should be considered, that is, 100mm-15mt larger than the normal human body measurement value, and clearance should be left for the operator's hands wearing gloves (or mittens). 4.2.3 Practical application of confined space dimensions
The dimensions of confined work spaces given in this standard refer to the minimum requirements. People who work or move in such conditions for a long time (or frequently) will feel uncomfortable and easily fatigued, and will affect the efficiency and safety of work and activities. Therefore, in practical applications, the dimensions should be as large as possible.
The dimensions of confined spaces given in this standard are universal worldwide. In special cases, if it is difficult to meet the requirements of the standard, it is allowed to design according to the 95th percentile of a specific user group. Note: The dimensions of confined spaces given in this standard are all minimum dimensions that must be guaranteed. However, in some occasions, the maximum dimensions of confined space dimensions provided, such as the safety distance of the cover gap to prevent injury caused by stepping on the air, should be as small as possible in practical applications. 5 Confined work (maintenance) space
5.1 Minimum space dimensions for human work
The minimum space dimensions for human work are shown in Figure 1 and Table 1. Table 1
Working posture
Upper body reaching
1) B is the width or length of the space in Figure 1. 2) H is the height of the space in Figure 1,
Minimum size of the restricted working space for the human body
Selected value (wearing ordinary clothes)
Wearing thick clothes
Figure number in Figure 1
(h))
5.2 Minimum size of the exit for double-arm work
DL/T 575. 4 --1999
Figure 1 Restricted working space for the human body
5.2.1 The depth reached by both hands is 150mm~490mm [see Figure 2 (a) (d)
a) Thin T-shirt: width BD (B is minimum 200mm), I) is the depth reached; height H is 125mm.
b) Thick work clothes: width B = 0.75D + 150mm; height H is 180mm.
5.2.2 Extend both arms to the full arm length (to the shoulder) [see Figure 2 (a) Width B is 500mm;
Height H is 125mm.
5.2.3 Insert the box by grabbing the handle [see Figure 2 (b) If there is enough space around the handle, there should be 13mm of space around the box. 5.2.4 Insert the box by grabbing both sides of the box with both hands [see Figure 2 (c) a) Thin work clothes: width B = W + 150mm, W is the box width; height HT + 13mm (H is the minimum 125mm), T is the box thickness (box height). b) Thick work clothes: width B = W + 180mm; height H = T + 15mm (H is the minimum 215mm). (e)
c) If both hands are inserted into the box, the fingers need to be bent to grasp the upper and lower sides (see Figure 2 (c)), then: Thin work clothes: the opening height is increased by 38mm; 1256
DL/T575.4-1999
Figure 2 Exit for two-arm operation
Thick work clothes (wearing gloves): the opening height is increased by 75mm. 5.3 Minimum size of the entrance and exit for single-arm operation
5.3.1 Extend one arm to the elbow joint [see Figure 3 (a) (a)
Figure 3 Entrance and exit for single-arm operation
a) Thin work clothes: 100mm×115mm (height×width, the same below) or diameter 115mm (round hole, the same below). b) Thick work clothes: 180mm×180mm or diameter 180mm. c) Hand-held objects: the size of the gap is in accordance with 5.4.4. 5.3.2 Extend one arm to the shoulder [see Figure 3b)
a) Thin work clothes: 125mm×125mm or diameter 25mm. b) Thick work clothes: 215mm×215mm or diameter $215mm, c) Hand-held objects: The size of the gap is in accordance with 5.4.4. 5.4 Minimum size of the entrance and exit for single-handed operation (extended to the wrist joint) 5.4.1 The gap [see Figure 4 (a)]
a) Bare hand, rotating: 95mm×95mm or diameter $95mm. b) Bare hand with palm flat: 55mm×100mm or diameter 100mm. c) Wearing gloves or mittens: 100mm×150mm or diameter 50mmd) Wearing cold-proof gloves: 125mm×165mm or diameter 165mm5.4.2 Grasping hand [see Figure 4 (b)
a) Bare hand: 90mm×125mm or diameter §125mm. b) Wearing gloves or mittens: 115mm×150mm or diameter g150mm. c) Wearing cold-weather gloves: 180mm×215mm or diameter @215mm. 5.4.3 Hand-held objects with a diameter of 25mm [see Figure 4 (c) a) Bare hands: 95mm×95mm or diameter @95mm. b) Wearing gloves or mittens: 150mm×150mm or diameter $150mm, c) Wearing cold-weather gloves: 180mm×180mm or diameter 180mm. 5.4.4 Hand-held objects with a diameter greater than 25mm a) Bare hands: Leave a gap of 45mm around the object. b) Wearing gloves or mittens: Leave a gap of 65mm around the object. c) Wearing cold-proof gloves: Leave a gap of 90 mm around the object. 5.5 Minimum size of finger operation entrance (extending to the first finger joint) (a)
Figure A Exit for single-handed operation
Figure 5 Exit for fingers
5.7 Treatment of people exiting confined working space
DL/T 575. 4-
—1999
5.5.1 Button hole [see Figure 5 (a)
a) Bare hand: diameter $32 mm
b) Hand wearing fingerless gloves: diameter 38 mm. 5.5.2 Double-finger rotation hole see Figure 5 (b)) a) Bare hand: The diameter of the circular hole is the diameter of the object plus 50 mm. b) For hands wearing fingerless gloves: the diameter of the circular hole is the diameter of the object plus 65mm. 5.6 Dimensions of other types of confined working spaces
In addition to the above, the dimensions of other types of confined working spaces can be designed according to the principles of Chapter 4, with reference to Appendix A, 2] and 4]. a) Unobstructed openings can be used except for those that may endanger system performance or safety. b) For openings that need to be protected from the intrusion of dust, moisture or foreign objects, sliding or hinged covers or doors can be used, and transparent windows can be used for observation ports.
c) When there are dangerous factors in the exit, for example, exposed conductors with high voltage or strong current, appropriate isolation and protection measures should be taken; or an interlocking device should be installed on the entrance cover (or door) to cut off the power supply when the cover (or door) is opened. d) The opening needs Provide a sufficiently large viewing area for the operations being performed. 6 Restricted activity space
6.1 Longitudinal activity spacing of operators
a) Where possible, a free-range activity area of at least 1220 mm should be provided in front of the control console, as shown in Figure 6 (a). b) The rearward activity spacing of a sitting or standing operator in front of the workbench (between the front edge of the table and the interface that limits the backward movement of the human body) should not be less than 1000 mm, as shown in Figure 6 (a).
c) The distance between the rear edge of the equipment rack and the nearest facade or obstacle should not be less than 1070 mm, as shown in Figure 6 (c). d) The distance between two rows of cabinets should be 200 mm greater than the depth of a fully withdrawn drawer (plug-in box) or the deepest cabinet, and preferably greater than 100 mm, as shown in Figure 6 (c) As shown.
e) When the staff is working, if other personnel (single person) are allowed to pass behind them, the spacing should be no less than 1270mm, as shown in Figure 6 (b).
6.2 Lateral movement spacing of operators
Figure 6 Longitudinal movement spacing of operators
a) The lateral movement spacing between two adjacent operators (see Figure 7) should be no less than 1000mm. b) For cabinets or movable devices with drawers or plug-ins (which can be extended longitudinally), the minimum lateral working space (such as the distance from the wall or obstacle) depends on the mass of the movable object: when ≤20kg, one side is 460mm and the other side is 100mm; when over 20kg, both sides are 460mm, as shown in Figure 8, 1258
DL/T5 75.4--.1999
Figure 7 Lateral movement distance of seated operator
6.3 Channel size
Figure 8 Lateral working distance of plug box (extracted) Channel refers to the space for people to pass between two interfaces that restrict human movement. Channel spacing in the control room refers to the distance between equipment (including workbench) or between equipment and wall. a) Channel height should be no less than 1950mm. If bending is allowed, 1600mm can be taken. b) The distance between single-person channels should be more than 800mm and not less than 630mm. If space is limited, a channel with wide top and narrow bottom should be used. The shoulder should be no less than 630mm, and the foot can be as small as 300mm. c) The distance between two-person channels should be more than 1370mm and not less than 1070mm. When people wear thick clothes, it should be increased to 1520mm. The minimum distance for one person to pass and one person to stop can be 900mm. The minimum spacing for two people to pass sideways is 760mm. 6.4 Activity area of workstations
The activity area of workstations should be determined based on the fact that the operating personnel are not hindered when working. The free activity area of each operating personnel at the workstation shall not be less than 1.5m, and the width of the free activity area shall not be less than 1m.
If a free activity area of 1.5m2 cannot be provided for some reason, an activity area of similar size should be provided near the workstation. bZxz.net
7 Personal psychological space
7.1 Overview
Personal psychological space is a special area surrounding the human body. It is the space expected by human psychological feelings, not the physical space required for normal work. People's demand for psychological space is often greater than that for operating space. When personal psychological space is disturbed, it will produce unpleasantness, uneasiness, discomfort and a sense of busyness, making it difficult to maintain a good mental state. It will distract attention at the least and affect operation at the worst. It is a potential factor affecting production safety.
Personal psychological space can be roughly divided into four areas from the center to the outside: tight area, close area, social area, and public area, as shown in Figure 9. Each area can be divided into a close area and a far area. Different types of people are allowed to enter different areas. The size of personal psychological space is an approximate value, which varies from individual to individual. Individual differences include gender, age, culture, identity, and closeness. When arranging the layout and work space of the control room, the combination of multiple workstations in the workstation layout, the arrangement of main and auxiliary operators and collaborative operations, the setting of maintenance operations and maintenance channels, the arrangement of the shift leader's position and personnel flow channels, the reception of visitors and the arrangement of tour routes, etc., should all take personal psychological space factors into consideration to avoid the interference of personal psychological space and negative impact on operation, safety and comfort. Figure 9 Personal psychological space
A-tight area B close area
C social area D public area
7.2 Tight zone
DL/T575.4-1999
It is the area closest to the human body, and its range includes the area within about 45cm around the human body. This area is generally not allowed to be visited by outsiders. If a stranger appears, the enhanced sensory stimulation will affect the operation and even make people at a loss. This is the area of close contact.
7.2.1 Near zone
The area about 0 to 15cm away from the human body. Its characteristics are direct contact with the body or close to the body, and ordinary people are not allowed to invade. 7. 2.2 Far zone
The area about 15cm to 45cm away from the human body. In this area, the possibility of physical contact is reduced (hands can hold or touch each other), but the presence of others can still be perceived visually.
7.3 Close zone
The area about 45cm to 120cm away from the human body. This is a friendly contact area, a space for friendly conversations with people, and a distance to be maintained when interacting with friends and colleagues. 7.3.1 Near Zone
The area about 45cm~~76cm from the human body. This is the distance for conversation and contact between acquaintances. A stranger intruding will make people feel embarrassed or want to avoid, and even be considered a threat. 7.3.2 Far Zone
The area about 76cm~120cm from the human body. When two people stand opposite each other, the distance that the fingertips can touch. It is the area for conversation and contact with ordinary people.
7.4 Social Zone
The area about 1.2m~3.5m from the human body. This is the psychological space range of general social activities, and it is a contact without personal contact. In this area, people can talk to each other without feeling that the distance is too far and affecting the conversation, nor will it make people feel alienated. 7.4.1 Near Zone
The area about 1.2m~2.1m from the human body. This is the distance people keep when working together or talking to superiors and subordinates. Temporary gatherings are suitable for gathering in the near zone.
7.4.2 Far Zone
The area about 2.1m~~3.5m away from the human body. This is the area for general work and social activities, such as formal military talks and etiquette. It can keep a certain distance between people. In this area, it will not be considered impolite to work as usual when others are present.
7.5 Public Zone
The public zone outside the social zone refers to the distance maintained in public places, which has exceeded the spatial range of direct contact and communication between individuals. 7.5.1 Near Zone
The area about 3.5m~7.5m away from the human body. This is the distance where you need to speak louder and can see the other person's activities clearly. 7.5.2 Far Zone
The area about 7.5m away from the human body. At this time, you can no longer distinguish the subtle parts of the other person's expression and voice. You need to use a strong posture and loud calls to communicate. You need to use communication means to communicate. 1
DL/T575.4—1999
Appendix A
(Suggested Appendix)
Main references
［1GJB2873—97 (eqV MIL--STD—1472D.1981) Human-machine design criteria for military equipment and facilities[2]GB10000--88 Human body dimensions of Chinese adults[3]GB12265-90 Safety distance of mechanical protection[4]GB/T13547--92 Human body dimensions of working space[5]GB/T14776—93 Ergonomics job position size design principles and their values[6]DL408---91 Safety work regulations for electric power industry (electrical part of power plants and substations)[7］W． Lange, ed., Huang Jinfeng, translator, "Pocket Ergonomics Data Collection", China Standards Press, 1985 [8] Zhu Zuxiang, ed., "Human Ergonomics", Zhejiang Education Press, 1994 [9] Woodson, WE, "Human Factors Design Handbook", Megraw-Hill Book Company. I98l [10] DJ Obonny, translated by Yue Congfeng et al., "Ergonomics and Its Application", Science Popularization Press, 1988 [11] Cao Qi et al., ed., "Human-Machine Engineering Design", Southwest Jiaotong University Press, 1988 [12] Ma Jiangbin, ed., "Human-Machine Engineering and Its Application", Machinery Industry Press, 1993 [13] Japan Society of Shipbuilding, compiled by Tian Xunzhen et al., "Ergonomics General Equipment Design Benchmark", People's Communications Press, 19851261
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