Some standard content:
Machinery Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Metal sheet drawing process design specifications
1 Subject content and scope of application
This standard specifies the processes required for the design of sheet metal drawing process Parameters and specifications 993
JB/T6959
This standard is suitable for cold deep drawing of metal sheets on mechanical presses or hydraulic presses. It is not suitable for liquid-filled deep drawing and soft die drawing. Point temperature drawing and hot drawing forming
2 Structure and processability of the drawn parts
2.1 Shape of the drawn parts
2.1.1 Symmetry of the shape of the drawn parts||tt ||The shape of the deep-drawn parts should be as simple and symmetrical as possible. Axisymmetric deep drawing parts have the best craftsmanship. Drastic contour changes should be avoided when drawing other shapes.
For semi-open and asymmetrical hollow parts, the design of pairs of deep parts (combined type) should be considered to improve the stress conditions during deep drawing (shop picture 1). After drawing, cut it into two or more parts. Cutting allowance
Figure 1 Combined deep-drawn parts
2.1.2 Shape of the bottom of the deep-drawn parts
Deep-drawn parts with too small a bottom angle should be avoided as much as possible, especially when the height is large , its craftsmanship is even worse. 2.2·Flange width of deep-drawn parts
2.2.1 In order to improve the processability of wide-flange deep-drawn parts (see Figure 2> and reduce the number of drawings, α3dl, ≤2d should usually be made; Figure 2| |tt||Wide edge drawn parts
The Ministry of Machinery Industry of the People's Republic of China approved on 1993-07-27 and implemented on 1994-07-01
18
IB/T6959--93
2.2.2 The flange width of the drawn parts should be kept as consistent as possible (see Figure 3a). Figure 3 Flange outline shape
2.3 Fillet radius of the drawn parts||tt ||The fillet radius r1 of the bottom and wall of the drawn part, as well as the mouth edge and wall, should be appropriately enlarged (see Figure 4) to facilitate forming and reduce the number of drawings. It should be: r≥t, preferably: r (. 3～5)t;
should take r2=t, preferably: r2=5～10)t.
Figure 4 Fillet radius of the deep-drawn part
2.4 Hole diameter and hole spacing on the deep-drawn part
2.4.1 Bottom hole diameter d of the deep-drawn part should be: d≤d —2r-t (see Figure 5), 2.4.2 The hole distance D on the flange of the drawn part should be: D2d+3t+2rz+d2 (see Figure 5). Figure 5 Reasonable design of hole positions on the drawn parts
2.4.3 For punching holes on the wall of the drawn parts, the distance between the hole center and the bottom or flange edge should comply with hole three 2u+ (see Figure 6), otherwise , the hole can only be drilled
190
2.5 Dimensioning method for deep-drawn parts
JB/T6959
93
Figure 6 Deep-drawn parts Punching holes on the wall
2.5.1 The external dimensions that must be ensured, or the dimensions of the inner cavity, should be indicated on the drawing of the drawn parts. The internal and external dimensions cannot be marked at the same time. 2.5.2 Deep-drawn parts with steps, The height dimension should be marked based on the bottom (see Figure 7). Method for noting height dimensions of drawn parts
Figure 7
3 Drawing of cylindrical parts without flanges
3.1 Calculation of rough diameter D
Without flanges The rough diameter D of simple parts (see Figure 8) is calculated according to formula (1) force
Figure 8 Flangeless cylindrical deep-drawn parts
D: Vd--1.72dir—0.56 r2
Wuzhong·n
hair diameter, m:
d---T. piece diameter (based on material thickness center), mm; work piece rounding rate Diameter (measured according to the center of material thickness) nim: Ad,h
(13
JB/T 6959
h--workpiece height (plus trimming allowance), mm. 3.2 Trimming allowance 8
The trimming allowance of the flange-free round simple-shaped parts is shown in Table 1, 93
Table 1 The trimming allowance T of the flange-free round simple-shaped deep-drawn parts .Height h
0
>10～20
>20~-50
>50-~100
100～150||tt ||>150～~200
>200～250
≥250
>0. 5~0. 8
1.0
1. 2
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
3.3 Selection of drawing coefficient||tt ||The relative height of the workpiece h/d
>0. 8~~1. 6
1.2
1.6
2. 5
3.8| |tt||5.0
6.3
7.5
8.5
21. 6~2.5
1. 5
2.0||tt ||3.3
5.0
6.5
8.0
9.0
10.0
22. 54. )
2.0| |tt||2.5
4.0
6.
8.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
Thank you|| tt | The depth coefficient is shown in Table 4.
Table 2
Material
Relatively
Material
Thickness
×100
2.0~-1.5||tt ||1. 5~1. 0
1. 0-~0. 5
0.5~0.2
0. 2~~0. 06
degree| |tt||The limit drawing coefficients when drawing simple parts without flanges with blank holders are
m
0. 46~-0. 50
≥0. 50~~0.53
>0.53~0.56
20. 56~0. 58
>0. 58~0. 60
Note: This table applies to 08 , No. 10 steel and 15Mn and other materials, times
2
0.70~0.72
pull
>0. 72~0. 74
20. 74 ~- 0. 76
>0. 76~0. 78
>0. 78--0.80
deep
system
m| |tt||0.720.74
number
0. 74~0. 76
20. 740. 76
0.76~0.78
2* 0. 78--0. 80
>0. 80--0. 82
Table 3 Relative material thickness of ultimate drawing coefficient when drawing simple parts without flange without holder
tt||2.50
3.00
3 and above
0.90
0.85
0.80
0.75
0.65||tt ||0.60
0. 55
c. 53
0.50
mz
0.92
0.90
0.88| |tt||0.85
0.80
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.70
Note: This table is applicable to No. 08 and No. 10 Steel and 15Mn and other materials. 192
each
times
ms
0.90
0.84
0.80
0.80
0.80| |tt||0.75
pull
deep
tie
m4
0.87
0.84
0.84||tt ||.$4
0.78
number
0.90
0.87
G.87
0.87
0.82
. 76 09. 78
20. 78-- 0. 80
0. 80.-0. 82
0. 82-- 0. 8.
0.90
o.so
. 90|| tt||(0.85
Material name
Aluminum and aluminum alloys
Dura aluminum
Yellow
Red copper
oxygen-free steel| |tt||Nickel, magnesium nickel, silicon nickel
Constantan (copper-nickel alloy)
tinplate
pickled steel plate
stainless steel
nickel Chrome alloy
Alloy structural steel
Coalloy
Aluminum alloy
Town
Titanium and titanium alloy
Zinc||tt| |JB/T 6959
—-93
Table 4 Limit drawing coefficient·brand of other metal materials
1.6M.L4M.LF21M
LY12M,LY11M| |tt||H62
H68
T2.T3, T4
Cr13
Cr18Ni
ICr18Ni9Ti
No.
Cr18Ni11Nb.Cr23Ni13
Cr20Ni80Ti
30CrMnSiA
TA2, TA3
TA5
First deep drawing m1
0.52~0.55|| tt||0.56~~0.58
0.52~~0.54
0.50~~0.52
0.50~0.55
0. 50~-0. 58||tt| |0. 48~ 0. 53
0. 50-~ 0. 56
0.58-~0.65
0.51~~0.58
0.52-~0. 56
0.50~0.52
0. 52~0. 55
0. 520. 55
0.540.59
0. 62~~0. 70
0. 65-~0.67
0.72~~0.82
0.65~0.67
0. 65-~0. 67
0. 58 ~~0. 60
0.60~0.65
0.65~0.70
Then it will be lighter and darker
0.70~-0.75
0. 75 ~- 0. 80
0.70-~0.72
0. 68--C. 72
0. 72--0.80
0. 75~- 0. 82| |tt||0. 70~0. 75
0, 740, 84
0. 80 --0. 85
0. 75-0. 78||tt| |0.75~~0.78
0. 70~-03. 75
0.78~-0. 81
0.78--0.80
0. 78~-0. 81
0. 80--0. 84
0. 85 ~-0. 90
0. 91 ~0. 97
0. 84 ~~0 . 87
0. 84~0. 87
0.80~0.85
0. 80-~0. 85
0.85~-0.90
Note : ① When the die fillet radius r2 <6t, the drawing coefficient takes a large value; when the die fillet radius r2 (7~8)t, the drawing coefficient takes a small value. ② When the relative thickness of the material is × 100 ≥ 0.62, the drawing coefficient takes a small value; when the relative thickness of the material is 6 × 100 ~ 0.62, the drawing coefficient takes a large value. 3.4 Determination of the number of drawings and the deformation size of each drawing Determine the number of drawings The steps and methods for each deep drawing deformation size are as follows: a.
b.
C
Select the trimming allowance (according to Table 1):
Calculate the rough diameter D:
First find out the drawing coefficients m1, m2~m3. from Table 2 and Table 4, and then calculate the drawing diameters in sequence: d,=mD,d,=mzddmdd,- mdn-1, keep calculating until the drawn diameter is less than or equal to the required diameter of the workpiece. From the calculation, we can know the required number of drawing times; d.
After determining the drawing coefficient, in order to make the distribution of the drawing deformation procedures more reasonable, adjust the drawing coefficients of each time to satisfy: m -hgmg ++++m.+
.
Calculate the drawing diameter of each time based on the adjusted drawing coefficient: d,miD,dy=mdds=mda,,dn= mndn1
f.
Calculate the drawing height for each time, according to formula (2) 193
JB/T6959--93
D2
h,0.25
d
Where: h.-nth drawing height, mm; D—hair diameter, mm;
d,
The nth drawing diameter, mm;
r. The fillet radius of the drawing part, mm. 4 Deep drawing of flanged cylindrical parts
4.1 Calculation of rough diameter D
The calculation method is according to formula (3), see Figure 9.
d.)+0. 43 (d. + 0. 32.).
..
d
D
Figure 9 has convexity Simple round edge parts
D= d2-1. 72d,(ri+r) -0. 56(rr:)+4dth where: D rough diameter.mm;
- —~Flange diameter (including trimming allowance), mm; d.
Drawing diameter, mm;
d,
Fillet radius, mm;||tt| |rr2
h---Drawing height, mm.
4.2 Trimming allowance 2
The trimming allowance of flanged cylindrical parts is shown in Table 5. Table 5 Trimming allowance of flanged cylindrical parts
Flange diameter
ct
25
>25～50
>50 ~100
≥100~150
>150~200
>200~250
>250
Below 1.5
1.8| |tt||2.5
3.5
4.3
5.0
5.5
6.0Www.bzxZ.net
The relative diameter of the flange did,||tt ||1.5~~2. 0
1.6
2.0
3.0
3.6
4.2
4.6
5.0
4.3 Drawing coefficient and maximum relative height of drawing 191
>2～2. 5
1. 4
1.8
2.5||tt ||3.0
3.5
3.8
4.0
>2.5
1.2
1.0
2. 2|| tt||2.5
2.7
2.8
3.0
Picture
(2)
(3)
mm
JB/T6959
93
During the first drawing, the maximum relative height hl/d is shown in Table 6, and the limit drawing coefficient ml is shown in Table 7. 4.3.1| |tt||Table 6 The maximum relative height h/d of the flanged cylindrical part-th drawing, edge
d/D
0.58
relative||tt| |>0. 58~0. 66
20. 66--0. 74
>0. 74~~0. 86
>0. 86 0. 90|| tt||>0.90~0.93
≥0. 93~0. 95
≥0. 950. 98
>0.98
diameter
d/d,
1.1
>1. 1～1. 3
>1. 3~~1. 5
>1. 5~1. 8
>1.8~2.0
>2. 0~2. 2
>2. 2~2. 5
>2.5~~2.8
22. 8~3. 0
注：（0）applicable to 08、10钢
≥0. 06-~~0. 2
0.45~0.52
0. 40~0.47
0.35~0.42
0.29~0.35
0.25~~0.30
0. 22~0. 26
0. 170. 21
0. 13~-0.16
0. 10~0. 13
电影
租||tt|>0. 2~~0. 5
0.50~0.62
0.45--0.53
0.40~0.48
0. 34 ~0. 39
0.29-~0.34
0.25~0.29
0.20~0. 23
0.15~0.18
0. 12~0. 15
刘
>0. 5～1
0.57~0.70
0.50~0.60
0.45~0.53
0.37~-0.44
0.32-0.38
0 . 27~0. 33
0. 22 ~~ 0. 27
0.17~0. 21
0.14~-0.17
度
Dx100
1--1. 5
0.60~~0.82
0. 56~0. 72
0.50~0.63
0. 42-~0. 53
0.36~0.46
0. 31~0. 40
0.25~0.32
0.19~-0.24
0.16--0.20
1.5
0.75-~0.90
(3. 65~-0.80
0.48~0.51
0. 45
28~0. 35
0.22--0.27
0.18--(03.22
② 电影值电影于圆角表态了下载，即r2、，载(10 ～20)t; corresponding to the part of the 圆角radius relatively small condition, ie T2rl for (4 8)t. 7
凸缘
d/n
0.54
0.58
0.62
0.66
0.70||tt| |0.74
0.78
0.82
0.86
0.90
0.93
0.96
0.98
相
对分天
d/d,
1.10
1.10
1.20
1.20~1.30
1.30~1.40
1.30~1.50
1.40~~1.60
1.60
1.80
2.00
2. 20
2.50~ 2.70
2.8
tt
V0. 06-0.20V0 |tt||0.57
0.56
0.55
0.54
0.48
0. 45
0. 42
0.38
0.35
0.60
0.56
0.55
0.54
0.52
0.50| |tt||0.48
0.45
0.42
0.38
0.35
≥0.50～1.00
0.55
0.55
0.54
0.54
0.53
0.52
0.50
0.48
0.45
0.42
0.39
0.35
方×100
≥1. 00~1. 50 / ≥1. 502. 000.51
0.55
0.55
0.54
0.54
0.53
0.52
0.50
0.48
0. 45
0.43
0.39
0.35
.
0.51
0.51
9.51
0.51| |tt||0.51
0.50
0.49
0.48
0.45
0. 42
0.36
注：（)表用电影的表中圆角radius，即品模为（1～8)；当用large圆角radius，表中圆角radius，表中圆角radius小（0~3）%；when it is more small circle angle radius，表中value can be increased(0～~3)%；2）according to the material plasticity size，上表value can be appropriately increased：当/ D0.54~0.78时，加凯不天于6%；当d/D=0.820.98时，加凯不天3%.的㎡z、m…m，值。4.3.2
19
JB/T 6959--93
4.4拉深可以及各次拉深机机化学的实方4.4 .1各次拉深设计电影
a.名前凸凸缘（d/d,=1.11.4）圆简形件，正前几几次拉深中不留凸缘，先拉成圆组形, and in the later part of the 拉深, it forms a 黺形待瘼, and finally straightens it into a plane.分形中先把凸缘去成圆黑形，在整形结果中再去成平的凸缘；b。 For 守凸缘(d/d>1.4)圆简形件，应在拉拉深时就拉成工件所这些的待缘diameter，而作向次拉深中，得缘diameter will remain unchanged. When the material is thin, use to reduce the diameter of the circle tube to increase the height, then the radius of the circle is basically unchanged； When the material is thicker, the height remains unchanged, and the circle angle radius is gradually reduced, when the circle angle is too large and the circle angle radius is over an hour, then it is shaped by the appropriate circle angle radius, and then according to the sample size, the shape is ；In order to ensure that the material required for the first time, the material required for the first time will be 3%10% (according to the area calculation, the number of times 4.4 .2各次拉深电影电视
选定修边余量，按表5
a.
安全毛坏发小D
b.
Calculate the element
/d, compare to see if it can be drawn twice. If h/di≤hi/di, it can be drawn and formed in one time; if n/di>m/di, it needs to be drawn multiple times.
d. Find the first drawing coefficient ml from the table, find out the drawing coefficient mz~m of each subsequent time from Table 2:..., and estimate the drawing diameter of each time: | |tt||di-miD, dmzdd=mgd2.., through calculation, you can know the required number of deep drawings; e.
f.
g
h.| | tt | , recalculate the rough diameter D; according to the adjusted drawing coefficient, calculate the drawing diameter of each time; select the fillet radius of each drawing:
Calculate the first drawing height, and check the relative height of the first drawing; calculate the drawing heights of subsequent drawings.
4.4.3 The drawing height of flanged circular simple parts is calculated according to formula (4) (see Figure 9): 0.14(riu+rn)
- 0.25(D2d)+0. 43(r+r2n)+
h,
a
where: t.
Drawing height during the nth drawing, mm;||tt ||d—Drawing diameter during the nth drawing, mms
D—Bullet diameter, mm;
d—Flange diameter, mm;
rin?\2n
-The fillet radius of the nth drawing, m.
5 Determination of blank holder force and drawing force
5.1 Determination of blank holder force according to formula (5):
Q Fg
In the formula: Q - Press Edge force, N;
F edge area, mm\
q——Unit edge force, see Table 8 or Table 9, MPa. 196
(4)
...(5)
Engineering
Pure aluminum
Table 8
JB/T 6959- --93
The numerical value of the unit blank holder force during deep drawing on a single-action press
Copper, duralumin (annealed or newly quenched state) brass
rolled copper| |tt||20 steel.08 steel, tin-plated steel plate
Softened heat-resistant steel
High alloy steel, high manganese steel, small rust steel
Pei 9||tt ||pieces
complex
complex
difficult to machine parts
ordinary extra parts
easy to machine parts
single||tt| |position
pressure
edge
force
0.8~~1. 2
1.2~1.8
1.5~2.0||tt ||2.0~-2. 5
2.5-3.0
2.8-~3.5
3.0~4.5
The blank holder force when drawing on a double-action press Numerical range
Note: This table is applicable to materials such as No. 08 and No. 10 steel. 5.2 Drawing force
The first deep drawing of round simple parts:
The second deep drawing of cylindrical parts:
Thinning deep drawing parts:
Where :p.-
t,d.
-Drawing force, N;
Degree
P=Kiditou
Single
P=Kz yuan dnt
sugar bone blood bone
P=Kgrd,(tu+ --tn)or
First and nth drawing diameter, mm;||tt| |Wall thickness of n-1st and nth deep-drawn parts, mm; th I -t, m-
t-
Material thickness, mm;
-material resistance Tensile strength, MPa;
K, - coefficient, shown in Table 10;
K
coefficient, shown in Table 11;
K.
coefficient, For brass, take 1.6~1.8, and for steel plates, take 1.8~2.25. Table 10
Drawing coefficient ml
K
0.55
1.00
Drawing coefficient m
K
0.57
0. 93
0.76
1.00
0.60
0.86
0.72
0.95
3 Selection of press tonnage for drawing
5.3
0.62
0.79
Table 11
Drawing force coefficient K,
0.65
0.72
0.67
0.66
Drawing force coefficient K2
0.75
0.90
0.77||tt| |0.85
bit
0.70
0.60
0.80
0.80
pressure
side
3.7
3.0
2. 5
0.72
0.55
q·MPa
Force, MPa
0.75|| tt||0.50
0.85
Q.70
0.77
0.45
0.90
0.60
(6)
(7)
(8)
0.80
0.40
0.95
0.50
197||tt| |08 steel, tin-plated steel plate
Softened state heat-resistant steel
High alloy steel, high manganese steel, small rust steel
Pei 9
pieces||tt| |Complex
Complex
Difficult-to-machine parts
Common extra parts
Easy-to-machine parts
Single
bit
Pressure
Edge
Force
0.8~~1. 2
1.2~1.8
1.5~2.0
2.0~-2. 5
2.5-3.0
2.8-~3.5
3.0~4.5
The numerical range of the blank holder force when drawing on a double-action press
Note: This table is applicable to materials such as No. 08 and No. 10 steel. 5.2 Drawing force
The first deep drawing of round simple parts:
The second deep drawing of cylindrical parts:
Thinning deep drawing parts:
Where :p.-
t,d.
-Drawing force, N;
Degree
P=Kiditou
Single
P=Kz yuan dnt
sugar bone blood bone
P=Kgrd,(tu+ --tn)or
First and nth drawing diameter, mm;||tt| |Wall thickness of n-1st and nth deep-drawn parts, mm; th I -t, m-
t-
Material thickness, mm;
-material resistance Tensile strength, MPa;
K, - coefficient, shown in Table 10;
K
coefficient, shown in Table 11;
K.
coefficient, For brass, take 1.6~1.8, and for steel plates, take 1.8~2.25. Table 10
Drawing coefficient ml
K
0.55
1.00
Drawing coefficient m
K
0.57
0. 93
0.76
1.00
0.60
0.86
0.72
0.95
3 Selection of press tonnage for drawing
5.3
0.62
0.79
Table 11
Drawing force coefficient K,
0.65
0.72
0.67
0.66
Drawing force coefficient K2
0.75
0.90
0.77||tt| |0.85
bit
0.70
0.60
0.80
0.80
pressure
side
3.7
3.0
2. 5
0.72
0.55
q·MPa
Force, MPa
0.75|| tt||0.50
0.85
Q.70
0.77
0.45
0.90
0.60
(6)
(7)
(8)
0.80
0.40
0.95
0.50
197||tt| |08 steel, tin-plated steel plate
Softened state heat-resistant steel
High alloy steel, high manganese steel, small rust steel
Pei 9
pieces||tt| |Complex
Complex
Difficult-to-machine parts
Common extra parts
Easy-to-machine parts
Single
bit
Pressure
Edge
Force
0.8~~1. 2
1.2~1.8
1.5~2.0
2.0~-2. 5
2.5-3.0
2.8-~3.5
3.0~4.5
The numerical range of the blank holder force when drawing on a double-action press
Note: This table is applicable to materials such as No. 08 and No. 10 steel. 5.2 Drawing force
The first deep drawing of round simple parts:
The second deep drawing of cylindrical parts:
Thinning deep drawing parts:
Where :p.-
t,d.
-Drawing force, N;
Degree
P=Kiditou
Single
P=Kz yuan dnt
sugar bone blood bone
P=Kgrd,(tu+ --tn)or
First and nth drawing diameter, mm;||tt| |Wall thickness of n-1st and nth deep-drawn parts, mm; th I -t, m-
t-
Material thickness, mm;
-material resistance Tensile strength, MPa;
K, - coefficient, shown in Table 10;
K
coefficient, shown in Table 11;
K.
coefficient, For brass, take 1.6~1.8, and for steel plates, take 1.8~2.25. Table 10
Drawing coefficient ml
K
0.55
1.00
Drawing coefficient m
K
0.57
0. 93
0.76
1.00
0.60
0.86
0.72
0.95
3 Selection of press tonnage for drawing
5.3
0.62
0.79
Table 11
Drawing force coefficient K,
0.65
0.72
0.67
0.66
Drawing force coefficient K2
0.75
0.90
0.77||tt| |0.85
bit
0.70
0.60
0.80
0.80
pressure
side
3.7
3.0
2. 5
0.72
0.55
q·MPa
Force, MPa
0.75|| tt||0.50
0.85
Q.70
0.77
0.45
0.90
0.60
(6)
(7)
(8)
0.80
0.40
0.95
0.50
197||tt| |
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