Specifications for aerial photogrammetric digital mapping of 1:25000,1:50000 and 1:100000 topographic maps
Some standard content:
GB/T 17157
This standard is formulated for the first time in my country. This standard is formulated based on the actual technical requirements that can be achieved in the digital mapping of aerial photogrammetry of topographic maps in my country at the current stage and within a certain period of time in the future, as well as the requirements of relevant professional departments for the use of aerial photogrammetry of topographic maps.
This standard was proposed by the State Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation. The drafting unit of this standard is the Surveying and Mapping Standardization Institute of the State Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation. The main drafters of this standard are Lin Dingrong and Chen Jiliang. National Standard of the People's Republic of China
1:25000,1:50000.1:100000
Specifications for aerial photogrammnetric digital mapping of 1 :25000.1 : 50000 aud 1: 100 000 topographicmaps1 Scope
GB/T17157-1997
This standard specifies the basic requirements, specifications and accuracy of digital mapping of 1:25(30, 50000 and 1:1000(0 topographic maps using aerial photogrammetry.
This standard applies to digital mapping of 1:25000, 1:50000 and 1:1000 topographic maps using aerial photogrammetry. 2 Reference standards
The following standards contain provisions that constitute the meaning of this standard through their inclusion in this standard: When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised. All parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards.GR12340-901:25000, 1150000 , 1:100000 topographic map aerial photogrammetry base internal specification GB2341-901:25000, 1:50000, 1:100000 topographic map aerial photogrammetry field specification G312312-901:250001:500001:100C00 topographic map pattern GL/1398992 national basic scale topographic map division department number GH/T15660-1 9951:50001:100001:230001:50000:100000Topographic map classification and codeGR/T15661-19951:5000.1:10000, 1:25000, 1+50000.1:100000Topographic map aerial photography specificationGB,T17158-[997Photogrammetry digital mapping record format7BA75 00189 Surveying and Mapping Technology Design Current Standards
(H/8015-94IIHS90B/120-B CNC Plotter 3 General Principles
3.1 Specifications of Topographic Maps
3.1.1 Projection, Coordinate and Elevation Systems
1125000, 1:50000, 1:100000 Topographic maps adopt Gaussian H grid projection. Divided into 6° zones: plane coordinate system adopts 1930 Xi'an coordinate system: elevation system adopts 1985 national National elevation standard. 3.1.2 Division and numbering
Complete the provisions of GB/T1398992.
3.1.3 Terrain categories
Terrain categories are divided according to the slope and height difference of most areas within the map sheet. The provisions are shown in Table 1. Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on December 16, 1997
Implementation on August 1, 1998
Terrain categories
Hillary
Mountainous
GB/T 17157
Ground slope
6°~-25*
Above 25°
When the height difference is inconsistent with the surface slope, the ground slope shall prevail. 3.1.4 Basic contour interval
The basic contour interval varies according to the different terrain types in the survey area. The regulations are shown in Table 2. Table 2
Terrain type
Hillary land
Shangshan Weir
1125000
Basic contour interval
80--300
300~600
1:100000
20(10)
Only one basic contour interval is generally used in a map. When the basic contour interval cannot show the landform features, the survey curve should be added. If necessary, the survey curve can be captured.
When the terrain is very flat or required by the map, the basic contour interval can use the value in brackets. Its elevation accuracy is the same as the accuracy requirement of the basic contour interval outside the brackets.
3.1.5 Map annotation points
Elevation annotation points should be selected at obvious landforms and terrain feature points. The density is 10~20 points for flat and hilly areas, 8~15 points for mountainous and high mountainous areas per 10 m on the map.
Elevation annotation is in meters. 1:25000 maps are annotated to one decimal place, and 150000 and 1100000 maps are annotated to whole meters. 3. 1. 6 Symbols, annotations and finishing
The provisions of GB12342-90 shall be followed.
3.2 Accuracy of topographic maps
The mean error of the position of the internal densification points and ground features on the map relative to the nearby field control points shall not exceed the provisions of Table 3. Table 3
Terrain categories
In-house densification points
Ground features
Flat land, hilly land
Mountainous land, mountainous land
3.2.2 The mean error of the elevation of the internal densification points, elevation annotation points and contour lines relative to the nearby field control points shall not exceed the provisions of Table 4. Terrain categories
In-house densification points
Ground features
Flat land, hilly land
Mountainous land, mountainous land
3.2.2 The mean error of the elevation of the internal densification points, elevation annotation points and contour lines relative to the nearby field control points shall not exceed the provisions of Table 4. 000
hilly soil
GL/T 17157
high mountain soil
terrain changeterrain change
change point change
1 + 50 0no
hilly soil
high mountain soil
terrain change
terrain change
1: 100 000
Hills
iMountainsbzxz.net
Landform
When the location of the contour line elevation accuracy cannot be directly found on the map, the elevation accuracy can be calculated according to formula (1): Mk-±Va-.ta
Wuzhong+M
Contour line elevation error, m;
Elevation annotation point elevation error m;
Surface feature point plane position error, plus:
Ground inclination angle near the inspection point, (\). (1)
3.2.3 Special difficult areas (large and intensive forests, deserts, Geci, Shaoze, etc.) The surface feature point dead plane position error is not only large as the soil U on the map .75mm, the elevation error shall be adjusted according to the corresponding terrain category in Table 4 by 0.5 times, and the two mountains shall generally not be relaxed. 3.2.4 This specification takes twice the mean error value as the maximum error 3.3 Mapping method
The folding plotter, online precision stereo plotter, online precision stereo measurement, and full digital photogrammetry system can be used for mapping and surveying: for 1:50000 high mountains and 1:100000, (GS data is used for field precision. 3.4 Requirements for aerial photographic data
Aerial photographic data must comply with the requirements of GB15661--1995. For aerial photographs using GPS data for field operations, the total lateral overlap should be no less than 30%.
3.5 Requirements for aerial survey field results
Aerial survey field results must comply with the requirements of GB12311--90. 3.6 Technical equipment
Comply with the provisions of ZRA7500189.
3.7 Requirements for instruments
In-house various operating instruments should be calibrated according to the instrument calibration standards. The instruments must be in good working condition and dust-proof. The instruments should be used in accordance with the instrument operating procedures and maintained. 4 Photographic processing
The aerial photographic film used for aerial survey digital mapping is generally made of polyester sensitive film, with an emulsion resolution of not less than 120 line pairs/n1, a contrast of generally 0.8-1.2, a gray scale of not more than 0.2, a maximum density of not more than 1.5, and a minimum density of not less than 0.3.The color tone is normal, the image is clear, and the mark and other recorded data are displayed completely. During the photographic processing, the irregular deformation of the polyester photosensitive film is less than 3/10 000.
5 Aerial triangulation
Follow the relevant provisions of Chapter 5 of G12340--90. The data acquisition system for digital mapping
The following provisions are made for the computer hardware and software configuration of the analytical plotter, online precision stereo plotter, online precision stereo coordinate measuring instrument and all-digital GB/T 17157-1997
photographic measurement system used in the data acquisition system. When the system used does not meet the requirements of this provision, there should be corresponding substitute measures to ensure the completeness of the functions. 6.1 System hardware configuration
The hardware of the system should include the following parts: 6.1.1 Photographic measurement instrument
The analytical plotter, online precision stereo plotter and online precision stereo coordinate measuring instrument used in the data acquisition system must meet the operating performance and accuracy calibration requirements of the instrument specified in GB12340-90. 6.1.2 The microcomputer should adopt the current top-of-the-line model as much as possible, and its processing speed and internal and external memory capacity should be optimized to ensure that the instrument system can perform real-time data acquisition, real-time graphic display, on-line editing, data storage and transmission. 6.1.3 Photo Scanner
If the user scans the photo and inputs it into the computer in advance, and then performs manual or automatic data acquisition through the screen, the image format used should be not smaller than the photo format, and the maximum pixel resolution should not be less than 25 pixels. 6.2 System Software The software of the mapping system should include the following parts: 6.2.1 Photo orientation software
Based on the measured coordinates of the photo and the coordinates of the control points, relative orientation and absolute orientation are carried out, and the corresponding relationship between the measured points of the photo and the cursor on the computer screen is established, and finally the orientation accuracy is output: 6.2.2 Data acquisition software
According to the needs of mapping, point mode or flow mode can be selected to map the landforms or designed numerical program models on a single photo or a photo pair. Carry out manual or automatic data collection, and input the information in the specified format according to (H/T17158-1997 (Photogrammetry Digital Mapping Format) 4.
6.2.3 Shape Editing Software
You can delete or modify the graphics point by point or element by element according to the operation. Move and scale the graphics, complete the edge connection between the photo pairs and the map sheets, etc.
6.2.4 Notation Symbol Library
You can automatically extract the annotation symbols of the corresponding key cases from the annotation symbol library. The marks and symbols are displayed, moved and positioned on the screen in real time. 6.2.5 Graphics output software
It can be converted into graphic files and drawing files in the specified file format according to the requirements of the adopted graphic editing software package.
7 Data record format for digital mapping
The data record format for digital mapping shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of (13/171581597 Digital Mapping Record Format). 8 Digital mapping operation procedures
8. 1 Operation preparation
The operation preparation for data collection 1. The operation includes two parts: traditional photogrammetry operation preparation and computer hardware and software system entering normal operation state. The former is implemented in accordance with the relevant provisions of Chapter 90 of R1234U-90, and the latter can be determined by itself according to different system structures and different application software.
8.2 Photographic orientation
No matter what kind of photographic measuring instrument and measuring method is used, the steps of relative orientation and absolute orientation and the accuracy requirements shall comply with the relevant provisions of Chapter 7 of CB/T17157-1997. 8.3 Data collection operation
CB/T17157-1997
The data collection operation is basically the same as the surveying process of traditional mapping instruments, but the following points should be noted: a) The data collection density of linear elements should be appropriately specified in the technical design book according to different terrain types, different scales and different mapping accuracy requirements; b) Different terrain elements should be collected in layers and colors according to the use requirements; ) Pay attention to maintaining the integrity and correctness of the original records; there should be no gaps, omissions and secrets. d) For the intersection of more than one linear element on the same or different layers, attention should be paid to the actual intersection and continuity: for closed linear elements, attention should be paid to the intersection, and no dangling points or repeated points should appear.
c) For the elements on the same or different layers, attention should be paid to the correlation and coordination between each other. The technical processing principles and various differences in the work of data collection, edge connection, and finishing should be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of Chapter 7 of GB12340-90. The classification and code composition of topographic map elements used in the collection operation should be carried out in accordance with the provisions of (B/T1556C1995). 8.4 Generate graphic files and drawing files
After data collection, the stored data should be checked for the content specified in 8-3, and the correctness of the format and content should be checked. Finally, the correct graphic files and drawing files should be generated. This part of the work can be carried out according to the requirements of the adopted graphic reduction software package and CNC plotter.
8.5 Graphics compilation
Digital topographic maps can be edited while being reviewed on the display screen of the special graphics editing system, or the topographic maps can be returned to the corresponding drawings. After editing, the collected data should be modified, added, deleted, and arranged in accordance with the provisions of (1231290 and Chapter 9 of this specification. After completion, the edited inspection map should be replayed to find out the existing problems and continue to be edited by the machine until it meets the quality requirements. The edited inspection map can also be taken to the field for on-site measurement and modification, and then the map can be output to the computer for auxiliary measurement. 8.6 Map output
Graphics file after editing, if you want to output If the topographic map is used as a topographic map that meets the requirements of the specification or as a map printing film, the CNC plotter must meet the requirements of (H8015-94. If there are other forms of output devices, their output accuracy must also be implemented.
9 General provisions for editing digital topographic maps
9.1 Residential areas
a) The residential areas and the road junctions shall retain a 0.3mm interval, and the junctions connected to the road shall be represented by streets. b) For densely distributed caves in rows, the positions of the caves at both ends shall be kept accurate and the middle shall be interpolated; for caves distributed in multiple layers, the position of the lower layer shall be kept accurate, and the middle layer shall be interpolated.
) If the house is on the embankment, the symbol of the embankment shall be asked, and the house shall be drawn according to the actual position. If the house is on the foot of the levee, the embankment shall be drawn according to the actual position, and the house may be shifted, and the shift interval is 0.3 mm. 1) The houses and warehouses elevated above the water surface shall be indicated according to their actual positions. For houses facing the water surface, the waterline to the edge of the house shall be discontinuous. When the houses and warehouses are close to the tide bank, the distance between them is smaller than 3um. The edge of the house can replace the waterline: 9.2 Pipeline and fence
a) The power lines and communication lines in the residential area shall not be shown. The turning points and bifurcations with directional effects shall be indicated. The position shall be accurate. The power lines and communication lines within 3mr on the railway and highway maps shall not be shown. The direction of connection shall be drawn at the bifurcations and turning points. 1) When the pipeline is overhead and crosses rivers, gullies, roads and other landforms, the signal shall not be interrupted. For underground pipelines, only the exit is drawn. t) When the road represented by double lines overlaps with the road represented by fences, the road can be disconnected and the side line can be displayed. When it overlaps with a single-line road, the single-line road can be shifted 0.3mm away from the fence.
9.3 Roads
a) When the symbols of a road represented by double lines cannot be drawn at the same time, the higher-level road shall be drawn as a straight line, and the lower-level road can omit the side line: for two roads of the same level, the adjacent side lines of the two symbols can share the other side line if it is slightly shifted. GB/T 171571997
l) For independent houses on both sides of the road represented by double lines, the houses can be shifted and there is no need to keep a gap with the road; the houses beside the road represented by single lines are drawn according to the actual position, and the road is shifted to keep a gap of 0.3mm. ) When the symbols of railways, highways and rivers represented by double lines cannot be drawn at the same time according to the actual position, the river channel can be appropriately shifted. ) When a road indicated by double lines passes on an embankment, it shall be indicated as an embankment. When a road indicated by a single line passes on a general embankment or a main embankment, the road shall be drawn as the embankment head.
e) When a road coincides with a gully or lower riverbed indicated by double lines, the road shall be drawn according to the actual position, and the symbols for gullies and dry riverbeds may be appropriately relaxed or indicated with symbols.
9.4 Water System
) Rivers crossing bridges, dams, and water dikes shall be interrupted. ) For the Taijiang River, large rivers, and large lakes, the slopes on the coast shall be connected with the bank slopes. If there is no passage, they shall be indicated with the main embankment symbol, and the water edge line shall not be drawn.
9.5 Landform and Soil Quality
a) Contour lines shall be interrupted when encountering roads above the grade of highway, steep slopes, embankments, road cuts, lakes, double-line canals, etc. 1) When the contour line is parallel to the water edge line, high water boundary, river, steep bank and other land features, a distance of 0.3 mm should be maintained, and a distance of 0.3 mm, the contour line can be moved. The contour line that is not clearly recognizable in terms of slope direction can be drawn. The position, shape, direction and size of various landform elements represented by mountain symbols, such as outer ditch, land right mountain, land cave, sand dune, water embankment, embankment, etc., on the map should be accurate, and the configuration of contour lines and element symbols should be reasonable. ! ) For typical landforms such as snow mountain landforms, yellow landforms, sand dune landforms, karst landforms, coastal landforms, etc., their landform features should be highlighted. For the landform features that are not suitable for the present and coordinated contour lines, the contour lines can be modified within the range of 1/6 contour interval for the plain land, 1/74 contour interval for the hilly land, and 1/2 contour interval for the mountainous land and high mountainous land. When the basic contour interval is less than 0.5 nm and forest areas, can be modified within a basic contour interval, but the entire set of contour lines shall not be moved or deformed. 9-6
Land class boundary fine line segment containing Sichuan province kidney porcelain, and the boundary and overhead, underground pipeline egg when combined with the displacement of land class boundary. 3mm.
b) The same section of a variety of plants grow, large and its species are not more than one (including soil), small area only represents a major,
9.7 Boundary
】 [National boundaries should be based on the formal boundary treaty or boundary protocol of the country according to the actual location of the map, the national boundary symbol should be drawn continuously, and various symbols shall not overlap the national boundary symbol. l) The boundary of the administrative district at the county level only represents the boundaries of administrative districts at or above the county level. When the boundaries of two or more are combined, only the boundary symbol is drawn. The name of the level is noted. The boundary of the enclave is represented by the boundary symbol of the administrative unit to which it belongs. 9. 8 Notes
a) The font size, font type, character arrangement and orientation of name annotations, date annotations and number annotations shall comply with the provisions of GB1234290.
[) The simplified Chinese characters used in name annotations and description annotations shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions promulgated by the State Council; c) The outline decoration annotations shall comply with the provisions of GB123429. 9.9 Edge connection
The edge connection of the drawing shall ensure that the linear elements are reasonably, completely and harmoniously connected. 10 Drawing quality inspection and submitted materials
The drawing quality inspection and submitted materials shall meet the following requirements. 10.1 Saved data quality inspection
GB/T17157—1997
The saved data shall be directly displayed on the screen for the following checks: a) Layer accuracy check;
b) Format content information check Accuracy check:
c) Data collection quality check;
d) Redundant noise data and repeated data deflection check. 10.2 Drawing surface check
10.2.1 Requirements for mapping carriers
The carriers of drawings and engravings generally use case films and engraving films, and their deformation rate should not exceed 0.2%. When the quality of the original drawing is not high, paper can be used as the carrier.
10.2.2 Check of mathematical basis of drawing
The mathematical basis of the outline size, public grid, control points and scale of the drawing must comply with the requirements of this standard and (GB12342--0. 10.2.3 Quality requirements for line drawing symbols
Check the specifications, completeness and clarity of symbols and line drawing according to each element. 10.2.4 Quality requirements for text records
) The text records are accurate; Ning Xun is complete and clear. b) The missing relationship is clear: the position is appropriate, and the edge relationship is good. 10.2.5 Finishing quality requirements
) It must comply with the requirements of (GB123-1290) for drawing finishing, b) The internal penetration is complete, and there must be no omissions or errors. 10.2.6 Inspection of the relationship between each element
The content displayed on the drawing should be clear; the tangency, connection, intersection and separation of each element must be handled in accordance with the requirements of this standard and 12342-90.
10.3 Drawing accuracy requirements
a) Basic line drawing line thickness .2mm + point diameter is u.3mm; engraved line thickness 0.1mnb) Symbol point position error does not exceed ±0.2 mm;e) The error of the diagram side length shall not exceed =0.2mm, and the error of the diagonal shall not exceed 0.3mm: d) The error of the map edge shall not exceed +.2l
10.4 Submitted materials
a) Drawing:
b) Original data files and edited graphic files recorded on the medium (or CD);) Original terrain map that can be input as needed (paper original map, film original map or split film, etc.) d) Technical design book and editing instructions:
e) Layout map of field control points and internal encryption points\) Encryption 1 sequence quality control and results printout; g) Data collection T sequence quality control printout; h) Map joint table;
i) Inspection and acceptance report;
i) Method guidance for the production of digital topographic maps (including computer software and hardware data).2mm, the diagonal error does not exceed 0.3mm: d) The error of the map edge does not exceed +.2l
10.4 Submitted materials
a) Drawing:
b) Original data files and edited graphic files recorded on the medium (or CD);) Original terrain map that can be input as needed (paper original map, film original map or split film, etc.) d) Technical design book and editing instructions:
e) Layout map of field control points and internal encryption points\) Encryption 1 sequence quality control and results printout; g) Data collection T sequence quality control printout; h) Map joint table;
i) Inspection and acceptance report;
i) Method guidance for the production of digital topographic maps (including computer software and hardware data).2mm, the diagonal error does not exceed 0.3mm: d) The error of the map edge does not exceed +.2l
10.4 Submitted materials
a) Drawing:
b) Original data files and edited graphic files recorded on the medium (or CD);) Original terrain map that can be input as needed (paper original map, film original map or split film, etc.) d) Technical design book and editing instructions:
e) Layout map of field control points and internal encryption points\) Encryption 1 sequence quality control and results printout; g) Data collection T sequence quality control printout; h) Map joint table;
i) Inspection and acceptance report;
i) Method guidance for the production of digital topographic maps (including computer software and hardware data).
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