GB/T 11441-1989 Transformer and inductor core sheets for communication and electronic equipment
Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Laminations for transformers and inductars faruse in telecommunication and electronic equipment
Laminations for transformers and inductars faruse in telecommunication and electronic equipmentGB11441-89
This standard is equivalent to the International Electrotechnical Commission IEC740 "Laminations for transformers and inductors for telecommunication and electronic equipment". Subject content and scope of application
This standard specifies the preferred dimensions and tolerances of laminations of various shapes, as well as the marking, packaging, transportation and storage of laminations. These laminations are made of magnetic electrical steel strips (sheets) or alloys of specified composition and specified thickness. This standard also specifies a simple test method for the electrical properties of the core composed of such laminations. The laminations specified in this standard are applicable to transformers and inductors used in communications and electronic equipment. 2 Reference standards
GB 2421
GB 2521
Basic environmental testing procedures for electrical and electronic products: General provisions Cold rolled electrical steel strip (sheet)
GB1800~1804 Tolerances and fits
GB1182~~1184 Shape and position tolerances
GB191 Packaging, storage and transportation instructions
GBn159 Iron-nickel-cobalt soft magnetic alloy IJ403
GRm198
Technical conditions for high initial magnetic permeability soft magnetic alloys
GBn 199
Technical conditions for high magnetic permeability and high saturation magnetic induction soft magnetic alloys GBn202 Technical conditions for moment magnetic alloys
3 Terms and definitions
3. 1 Core sheet
A thin sheet made of magnetic electrical steel strip (sheet) or alloy, usually composed of a single sheet or two sheets joined together to form a complete layer in the insert core.
3. 2 Assembly coefficient αr
The ratio of the net cross-sectional area of the core sheet to the total cross-sectional area of the assembly or assembly. 4 Mechanical properties
4.1 Materials and thickness
4.1.1 Materials
The core sheet should be made of one of the materials specified in Table 1. Approved by the Ministry of Machinery and Electronics Industry of the People's Republic of China on March 20, 1989 and implemented on March 1, 1990
Cold-rolled non-directional electrical steel strip (sheet)
Cold-rolled oriented electrical steel strip (sheet)
Soft magnetic alloy
4.1.2 Nominal thickness
GB 11441--89
Silicon steel and alloys used to manufacture core sheets
[76-86
The thickness of the core sheet should be based on the material used, and one of the specified thickness values should be selected from Table 2 Table 2 Thickness of core sheets
Material brand
IJ403.1J76-86,1J46
IJ50.IJ54.JJ34
Note, \V\ represents the priority number.
4. 1.3 Nominal stacking factor
Except iron, the main components of other materials generally contain silicon C. 5 to 4. 5
Nickel 39,0~~41.0
75. 0~-81. 5
Nickel 45. 6--47. 0
Nickel 49,0-51.0
Inlay 4%, 0--51, 0
33.5~-35. 0
Degree, mm
Interlace the core sheets into a stacked core. Apply a uniform pressure of 15000N/m in the direction perpendicular to the core surface. According to the materials used and their thickness, the measured stacking factor should not be less than the nominal value specified in Table 3. Table 3: Material thickness and stacking factor
Material original thickness
Cold rolled non-oriented electrical steel strip (meter)
2 General appearance and surface condition
Cold rolled oriented electrical steel strip (sheet)
4.2.1 The core sheet should be clean, free of rust and oil stains, and the core sheet should be flat, free of burrs and distortion. Number
Soft magnetic alloy
GB 11441-89
4.2.2 The heat-treated core sheet should be free of contamination deposits. 4.2.3 The insulation layer should be complete and evenly hooked.
4.3 Dimensions and tolerances
4.3.1 The dimensions and tolerances of the preferred series core sheets are specified in Chapter 6. The thickness tolerance of the core sheet is equal to the thickness tolerance of the steel plate. When a mounting hole is required, the mounting hole should be opened at the intersection of the center line of the outer leg and the center line of the horizontal edge. 4.3.2 The tolerance shall comply with the requirements of GB 1800~1804. In the table of core sheet dimensions in Chapter 6, the tolerance values corresponding to the codes marked on each dimension column are listed in Table 4.
Table 4 Standard tolerance values
Basic dimensions
120~180
180250
250315
315~~400
400~500
4.3.3 The symmetric tolerance of the dimensions α and in the table of core sheet dimensions in Chapter 6 relative to the center line of the middle leg shall not exceed one-half of the tolerance of the middle leg width (dimension d).
Note: See GB 11821184.
4.3.4 When the core sheet size is larger than that specified in the core sheet size table in Chapter 6, the dimensional tolerance marked on the column head is still applicable. This core sheet should have a similar shape to the core sheet specified in the table, and the size ratio of this core sheet should still maintain the size ratio specified in the table.
5 Electrical Test
5.1 Overview
The stacked core sheets should be subjected to electrical tests according to the corresponding materials specified in Table 1 and the test conditions specified in Table 5, Table 6, and Table 7. The following test regulations will be used to guide the simple test of common parameters. 5.2 Equivalent parameters
5.2.1 The core constant is generally calculated according to formula (1) C
For the sub-insertion core, the core constant is determined according to formula (2): GB 1144189
Where: LF--magnetic path length calculated according to Article 5.2.2.1, Ae
1re--core cross-sectional area considering the stacking coefficient (see Article 5.2.2.2). In addition, the core volume Vr. = Lr×Ara core mass Mra=V×pWhere, μ-magnetic material density.
5.2.2 For the core with a square cross-section and a stacking coefficient of 0.95, the equivalent parameters are given in Article 6. 5.2.2.1 The magnetic path length L is calculated as the arithmetic mean of the longest and shortest magnetic path lengths of the core without considering the arc radius. For each type of core, the specific calculation method of its magnetic path length is shown in Chapter 6. 5.2.2.2 The core cross-sectional area Ar- is calculated as the product of the middle leg width, the stacking height and the stacking coefficient: Ar-d×h×a. For the parameter calculation of the relevant table in Chapter 6, h= and a=0.95, so Ar-=0. 95a\. For cores with other stacking heights and stacking coefficients (see Table 3), the net cross-sectional area and core constant in the relevant tables of Chapter 1 should be multiplied by the following values:
For Ape:
For C:
Multiplied by raw
Multiplied by cloud
In addition, for a given installed core, its core cross-sectional area can be determined by connecting formulas (5) and (6): For YEI, YEx, YUI and YMI:
For YED:
5. 3. General elements of electrical measurement
Lpe- p
5.3.1 Unless otherwise specified, all tests shall be carried out under normal test atmospheric conditions. Normal test atmospheric conditions shall be in accordance with the provisions of GB2421, namely:
Temperature: 15~35℃
Relative humidity: 15%~75%
Air pressure: 86~106kPa
The test certificate shall indicate the test conditions adopted. 5.3.2 The test coil shall be suitable for testing stacked cores stacked into a square cross-section. The number of coil turns N, and N (see Figures 1 and 2) shall be compatible with the instrument used. The voltage winding N, shall be the inner winding, as close to the core as possible, and the resistance of the winding shall be less than the negative resistance of the winding. The resistance of the power supply circuit, including, and the resistance of the current measuring device (ammeter, current amplifier or precision resistor) shall be small enough so that the voltage will not be distorted in any obvious way. 5. 3. 3. The physical properties of the core sheet shall comply with the requirements of Chapter 4 and Chapter 6.The core sheets shall be randomly selected from the core sheets that have been fully processed and are available for final use. These core sheets are interlaced to form a stacked core. For core sheets consisting of two parts, two parts with the same number of sheets shall be produced. During the test, the core shall be subjected to a uniform pressure of 15000N/m perpendicular to the surface of the core sheet. The number of core sheets inserted into the test coil shall be sufficient to form a core with a cross-section of not less than 1 square area. 5.3.4 In order to obtain comparable measurement results, a sinusoidal magnetic flux density shall be used for measurement. During the test, the harmonic component of the magnetic flux shall not exceed 6%. When two voltmeters V, and V, are connected in parallel to the voltage winding N, the former is used to measure the average voltage and the latter is used to measure the effective voltage. The waveform factor can be determined based on the ratio of the measured effective voltage value to the average value. When the deviation of this waveform factor from 1.11 is not greater than 1% of GB 11441-89
, and the waveform observed on the oscilloscope is not significantly distorted, the harmonic components of the secondary voltage, that is, the harmonic components of the magnetic flux density, will be considered to be very small.
Note: The average voltage can be measured using a rectifier dynamic voltmeter. If this instrument is divided by the voltage effective value like the commonly used instrument, the measured reading can be divided by 1.11 to obtain the average voltage. In order to measure the most effective value voltage to determine the waveform factor, the user should ensure that the instrument used indicates the true effective value. 5.4 Measurement under strong magnetic field strength
5.4.1 Overview
The measurement circuit should use the circuit specified in Figure 1, and the measurement conditions should be in accordance with the values specified in Table 5. For the measurement of certain core sheets, if the peak microflux density is a self-selected value, the selected value and the corresponding frequency should be indicated on any relevant test certificate. Table 5 Conditions for measuring active power loss and total apparent power Material
Cold rolled non-oriented electrical steel strip (sheet)
Cold rolled oriented electrical steel strip [sheet]
Soft magnetic alloy
5.4.2 Measurement of active power loss
0.35 to 0.50
0.27 to 0.35
0.1 to 0.15
0.2 and 0.35
Peak magnetic flux density
When the circuit shown in Figure 1 is used, first close the two switches: measure the waveform factor (see Section 5.3. 4), then open the switch S1 and adjust the primary voltage so that the secondary voltage reading U indicated by the effective value voltmeter V1 reaches the value calculated according to formula (7): 2 yuan f
where: f--test frequency,
B--test peak flux density;
Are--core cross-sectional area (see 5.2.1); N--number of turns of the voltage winding,
R--resistance of the voltage winding N1
R.--internal resistance of the voltmeter V1;
R--internal resistance of the wattmeter voltage winding.
·Ape. B.
1+R+）
Read the wattmeter reading when the switch S1 is open and the switch S1 is closed. If the winding N and the copper loss of the ammeter are ignored, the active power consumption P. can be calculated according to the measured P according to formula (8): P = [1 + R (+) [
Note: The measurement result of active power consumption is often expressed as unit (mass) active power loss, that is, PL/m (W/kg), where m is the core mass. When a device with a very high input impedance for voltage measurement is used, and if the actual values of voltage and power can be directly obtained from such an instrument, these calculation formulas can be simplified to the following expressions: 2 yuan
.ArB.N.
GB 11441—89
When the impedance of such an instrument is not very high, but still much higher than R, the following simplified calculation formula can be used N+.Pm-Us
5..4.3 General Regulation In the measurement of power
When the circuit shown in Figure 1 is used, first close the two switches and measure the waveform factor (see Section 5, 3.4). Then open switch S, and adjust the primary voltage according to the provisions of Section 5.4.2. When switches S, and S, are both open, measure the primary current I, and the secondary voltage U2. The total apparent power can be calculated according to formula (12): P, = U,
Note that the total apparent power measurement result is often expressed as unit mass (total) apparent power, that is, F, /m (VA/kg), where is the core mass. (12)
When using a device with a very high input impedance for voltage measurement, and if the actual values of voltage and power can be read directly from such an instrument, this calculation formula can be simplified to the following expression: P, = U
5.5 Measurement under weak and medium magnetic field strength
5.5.1 Overview
(13)
The measurement circuit should use the circuit specified in Figure 2. The measurement conditions are in accordance with the values specified in Tables 6 and 7. For the measurement of certain core sheets, if the frequency, peak flux density or magnetic field intensity amplitude is a preferred value, the value used should be stated on any relevant test certificate. Table 6 Conditions for measuring the amplitude permeability of silicon steel insert core Thickness
0.1 to 0. 65
Material category
IJ76~86
Measurement of the amplitude permeability of soft magnetic alloy insert core Conditions
Note: The "v" marked in the pre-rate column indicates the preferred test frequency. 5.5.2 Measurement of Amplitude Permeability
Rate, H2
Peak Magnetic Flux Density
Magnetic Field Strength Amplitude
Regulate the primary voltage so that the secondary voltage reading indicated by the voltmeter V reaches the value calculated by the following formula: 2 Yuan
.Ar.RN.
(14)
The meaning of each symbol in the formula is as described in Section 5.4.2. GB 11441-89
The peak value of the primary current 1 can be measured by connecting a bee value voltmeter to the two ends of a precision resistor of known resistance in the primary circuit, or by using an instrument probe. The radiated permeability can be derived from the following formula: A-1.8-1U.
Where: — magnetic constant;
U,——peak voltage measured at both ends of R,,0.
C,——core constant (em-1) (see 5.2.1). Note: At very low current, the permeability approaches the starting value. S.
Measurement under strong magnetic field strength: direct method
6 Core sheet priority series
6.1 Overview
2 Elements N,N,
Figure 2 Measurement under weak and medium magnetic field strength
This chapter lists the dimensions, tolerances and equivalent parameters of the core sheet priority series. Table 8 summarizes these series and gives some brief explanations.
In the figures of each table, the rolling direction of the core sheet made of grain-oriented material has been marked with a double arrow. For all core sheet series, the unit of inch is meter. Table 8 Summary of preferred series
ta side)
30~150
30~240
20~~102
Note: 1) Ratio of core sheet area 4p to window area Aw.
Economical series capable of non-waste punching, used for transformers
Small square size, used for printed circuit boardsSmall size, used for small inductors using high permeability or moment magnetic materials
Large sealing area, used for power transformers and high voltage transformers
Small size, used for printed circuit boards and occasions with a smaller mounting area than YEx2
Economical series capable of non-waste punching, used for large power transformers and shunts
For transformers and inductors with low slip A
GB 11441--89
For YEI and YUI core sheets, Ar-+)—A; for other missing core sheets, Ar-a·一A
For YED core sheets. A=(3c—b)(ed)For YUI core sheets, A=—· e
For other missing core sheets, Ac(e—d).
6.2 Dimensions and equivalent parameters
Tables 9 to 15 give the dimensional values (with tolerances) and equivalent parameters. The equivalent parameters are calculated based on a stacking factor of 0.95 and a stacking height equal to d. For other stacking factors and stacking heights, the calculation method of the equivalent parameters is given in Section 5.2.2.2. Table 9 Dimensions of YEI type - Series 1
Marking letters and tolerance codes (see Table 4)
Marking code
YEI-10
YEI-·-13
YEIt-16
YEIL-18
YEL—20
YEI—22
YE,-25
YEI—28
YEI:—32
YEI,—36
YEL—40
YEL,—50
Larger iron
Core sheet (no note)
I12±
Equivalent parameters
Core cross-sectional areaMagnetic path lengthCore volumeCore constantVre
Zr-b+r+f-ate-d
Note, if a larger YEI type core sheet is required, it is recommended that the core sheet size ratio remain the size ratio specified in the last row of the table (see 4.3.4), but YU1 type core sheet (see Table 14) can also be used instead of the core sheet larger than YEI1-50. Marking code
(see note @)
YEx—2Www.bzxZ.net
YEx2—3
YEx:—4
YEx- 6
YEx2—8
YEx-10
YE2——12
Bigger missing heart piece
(see?)
G 11441--89
Table 10 YEx type—Dimensions of series 2
Marking letters and tolerance codes (see Table 4)
±1T13
(Note ②)
Equivalent number (see note)
Core cutting area Core length Core volume Core constant Ape
L=6+e-
Note, ①YEx type refers to YEE, YEF, YEIYEL and YES types, and the corresponding YED types are listed in Table 11. Vpe
ctn -1
a±e-±=8d
② For YEE, YEF, YEI and YEL types, the tolerances of dimensions b and c listed in the table are the corresponding tolerances of the two parts of the core sheet after being matched, and the corresponding tolerances of one part of the missing core sheet after being matched. The tolerances of each segment of the stone size should be ±IT12; the tolerances of each segment of the c size should be +IT12
(When a larger size of core sheet is required, it is recommended that the core sheet size ratio maintain the size ratio specified in the last row of the table (exempt from Article 4.3.4) () The values of AFe, Vre and C in the table are applicable to all types of core sheets except YEU type core sheets. For YES For the type of core lamination, along the direction of magnetic path length L, the average value of Ar is about 8% smaller than that of other types of core-less laminations. However, for the small core, this difference can be ignored. Symbol code
YFD,—4
YED—5
YED,—6
YED—8
YED,-10
YED:—12
Larger core-less laminations
(See Note 4)
CB 11441-89
Table 11 YED type - series 2 dimension letter and tolerance code (See Table 4)) d
Equivalent parameters
Magnetic path length Core volume
Core section
Note: ① The main dimensions of this series (except or c, d and) are consistent with the corresponding dimensions in Table 10. mm
Core constant
Ln=2e+++-- d
②When a larger core sheet is required, it is recommended that the core sheet size ratio remain the size ratio specified in the last row of the attenuation (see Article 4.3.4). Marking code
(See note)
YEx-10
YEk~12
YEx4—16
YEx1-20
YF—25
YE--32
YExs--40
Larger core sheet
(See note ③)
GB11441—89
Table 12YEx type
Marking letters and tolerance codes (See Table 4)
(See note ②)
:(i) YEx Refers to the size of YEE, YEF, YEI, or YEI-IT12
series 3
equivalent parameters
order core cross-sectional area magnetic path length core volume core constant Are
②\ The tolerances of the dimensions b and listed in the table are the corresponding tolerances of the two parts of the core sheet after being matched, and the corresponding tolerances of one part of the matched core sheet; for 5, the tolerance of each segment of the size should be ±IT11, for. The tolerance of each segment of the size should be +11③ When a larger size of core sheet is required, it is recommended that the core sheet size ratio maintain the dimension ratio specified in the last row of the table (see Section 4, 3.4). Marking code
YEE: 3
YEE,-4
YEE,—6
YEE,-8
YEE.-- 10
YFE.—12
Larger money core piece
(see note)
, tolerance code
YEF—2
YEF—3
YEF—4
YEF—5
YEF(—8
YEF,—10
Larger missing core piece
(see note)
GB11441-:89
Table 13: YE× type—
I=+h++ca+
series standard gauge
In.-2c+2cg+a+ed
marking letters and male stem code (see Table 4)
- JT11—12
Larger core-slot
(See Note 4)
CB 11441-89
Table 11 YED type - series 2 dimension letter and tolerance code (see Table 4)) d
Equivalent parameters
Magnetic path length Core volume
Core section
Note: ①The main dimensions of this series (except or c, d and) are consistent with the corresponding dimensions in Table 10. mm
Core constant
Ln=2e+++-- d
②When a larger size core is required, it is recommended that the core size ratio remain the size ratio specified in the last row of the attenuation (see Section 4.3.4). Marking code
(See note)
YEx-10
YEk~12
YEx4—16
YEx1-20
YF—25
YE--32
YExs--40
Larger core sheet
(See note ③)
GB11441—89
Table 12YEx type
Marking letters and tolerance codes (See Table 4)
(See note ②)
:(i) YEx Refers to the size of YEE, YEF, YEI, or YEI-IT12
series 3
equivalent parameters
order core cross-sectional area magnetic path length core volume core constant Are
②\ The tolerances of the dimensions b and listed in the table are the corresponding tolerances of the two parts of the core sheet after being matched, and the corresponding tolerances of one part of the matched core sheet; for 5, the tolerance of each segment of the size should be ±IT11, for. The tolerance of each segment of the size should be +11③ When a larger size of core sheet is required, it is recommended that the core sheet size ratio maintain the dimension ratio specified in the last row of the table (see Section 4, 3.4). Marking code
YEE: 3
YEE,-4
YEE,—6
YEE,-8
YEE.-- 10
YFE.—12
Larger money core piece
(see note)
, tolerance code
YEF—2
YEF—3
YEF—4
YEF—5
YEF(—8
YEF,—10
Larger missing core piece
(see note)
GB11441-:89
Table 13: YE× type—
I=+h++ca+
series standard gauge
In.-2c+2cg+a+ed
marking letters and male stem code (see Table 4)
- JT11—12
Larger core-slot
(See Note 4)
CB 11441-89
Table 11 YED type - series 2 dimension letter and tolerance code (see Table 4)) d
Equivalent parameters
Magnetic path length Core volume
Core section
Note: ①The main dimensions of this series (except or c, d and) are consistent with the corresponding dimensions in Table 10. mm
Core constant
Ln=2e+++-- d
②When a larger size core is required, it is recommended that the core size ratio remain the size ratio specified in the last row of the attenuation (see Section 4.3.4). Marking code
(See note)
YEx-10
YEk~12
YEx4—16
YEx1-20
YF—25
YE--32
YExs--40
Larger core sheet
(See note ③)
GB11441—89
Table 12YEx type
Marking letters and tolerance codes (See Table 4)
(See note ②)
:(i) YEx Refers to the size of YEE, YEF, YEI, or YEI-IT12
series 3
equivalent parameters
order core cross-sectional area magnetic path length core volume core constant Are
②\ The tolerances of the dimensions b and listed in the table are the corresponding tolerances of the two parts of the core sheet after being matched, and the corresponding tolerances of one part of the matched core sheet; for 5, the tolerance of each segment of the size should be ±IT11, for. The tolerance of each segment of the size should be +11③ When a larger size of core sheet is required, it is recommended that the core sheet size ratio maintain the dimension ratio specified in the last row of the table (see Section 4, 3.4). Marking code
YEE: 3
YEE,-4
YEE,—6
YEE,-8
YEE.-- 10
YFE.—12
Larger money core piece
(see note)
, tolerance code
YEF—2
YEF—3
YEF—4
YEF—5
YEF(—8
YEF,—10
Larger missing core piece
(see note)
GB11441-:89
Table 13: YE× type—
I=+h++ca+
series standard gauge
In.-2c+2cg+a+ed
marking letters and male stem code (see Table 4)
- JT11
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