SJ 20798-2001 Safety design requirements for military lasers and related support equipment
Some standard content:
Military Standard of the Electronic Industry of the People's Republic of China FL4240
SJ20798—2001
Safety design requirements for military lasers and associated support equipment2001-12-27 Issued
2002-01-01 Implementation
Approved by the Ministry of Information Industry of the People's Republic of China2
Referenced documents
4 Lasers,
4.1 General requirements,
4.2 Detailed requirements
4.2.1 Class 1, Class 2 and Class 3A lasers,
4.2.2 Class 3B and Class 4 lasers
5 Related support equipment
5.1 General requirements| |tt||5.2 Detailed requirements.
5.2.1 Class 1, Class 2 and Class 3A laser support equipment5.2.2 Class 3B and Class 4 laser support equipment
Appendix A Design of laser system auxiliary facilities (supplement)Appendix B Laser protective glasses (reference)
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1 Scope
People's Republic of China Electronic Industry Military Standard Military Lasers and Related Support Equipment
Safety design requirements for militarylasers and associated supportequipment1.1 Subject content
This standard specifies the laser radiation safety design requirements for military lasers and associated support equipment. 1.2 Scope of application
SJ20798--2001
This standard applies to all laser products and their related support equipment that are required to be kept confidential for combat, military training or for national security considerations. This standard does not apply to non-combat or non-military training laser products for communication, construction, maintenance, office and similar purposes. Referenced documents
GB4793.1-1995 Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use Part 1: General requirements GB72471995 Radiation safety, equipment classification, requirements and user guide for laser products GJB470A-97 Control and protection of military laser hazards GJB895-90 Laser radiation warning signs
GJB900-90 System safety general fire outline
GJB1099A-2000 Laser safety protection terms Laser protective glasses Physiological and health protection requirements GJB1762--93
3 Definitions
Except as specified in this standard, other terms can be found in relevant standards. 3.1 Accessible emission limit (AEL) The maximum emission level allowed within the hazard category specified by accessibleemissionlimit. 3.21 AEL for Class 1 The output of the tested laser under any possible conditions and any specified exposure duration, when observed with an optical observation instrument, does not exceed the maximum permissible exposure (MPE) specified in Chapter 13 of GB7247. 3.3 Aperture
An opening in the protective cover, shield or other enclosure of a laser product. 3.4 Attenuation
The phenomenon of the radiation power or energy of a beam decreasing when it passes through a medium. Ministry of Information Industry of the People's Republic of China Issued on December 27, 2001 Implemented on January 1, 2002
3.5 Test model breadboard
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Special test device for feasibility tests in laboratories. 3.6 Candela
Unit of luminous intensity, 1 candela = 1 lumen/steradian (1m/sr). 3.7 Closed installation Equipment that uses laser systems and laser products in a closed manner, or equipment that is opaque to unprotected personnel when the laser is working. 3.8 Collateral radiation Electromagnetic radiation other than laser radiation in the wavelength range of 180m~1mm that is inevitably generated when the laser is running, or that is emitted by the laser product due to the operation of the laser. 3.9 Continuous wave (CW)
continuous wave
Laser output wave that provides steady-state or continuous output power rather than pulsed power. In this standard, it is a laser emission with a continuous output time greater than or equal to 0.25s.
3.10 Diffuse reflection
The radiation beam changes its spatial distribution through multi-directional scattering of the surface or medium. Ideal diffuse reflection can destroy all relationships between the exit direction and the incident direction.
3.11 Electromagnetic radiation Electromagnetic radiation The energy formed by the orthogonal alternating electric and magnetic fields that propagate in space at the speed of light is propagated laterally. 3.12 Human access
The ability of harmful laser radiation to irradiate a part of the human body. The laser radiation is either emitted from a window, or the direction of the laser is changed from inside the shell to outside the shell due to the use of a reflector or light guide, or it is generated when part of the limb enters the laser system through a hole or when the laser equipment is in a single failure state. 3.13 Infrared radiation (IR) infrared radiation Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 700nm to 10°nm. It is usually divided into three bands according to wavelength: near infrared (IR~A), with a wavelength of 700nm~1400nm; mid-infrared (IR~8), with a wavelength of 1400nm~3×10nm: far infrared (R~C), with a wavelength of 3x10nm~10°nm.
3.14 Irradiance irradiance
For a part of a surface, the ratio of the radiation power incident on the surface to the unit area of the surface, with the unit of watts per square meter (W·m-2).
3.15Lambertian surfaceLambertian surface
An ideal immersion reflective surface whose emitted or reflected radiance (or brightness) is independent of the viewing angle. 3.16Laserlaser
A device that produces or amplifies electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 180nm to 10°nm mainly through a controlled laser emission process. 3.17Laser energy sourcelaser energy sourceA device connected to a laser to provide energy for laser atoms, ions or molecules. General energy sources (such as power supplies or batteries) cannot be considered as laser energy.
3.18Laser productlaser product
Any product or combination of parts used to constitute or prepare to constitute a laser or laser system. Electronic product components sold to other manufacturers as a component or substitute are not laser products. 3.19 Laser radiation laser radiation
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All electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 180nm10°nm generated by the controlled stimulated emission of laser products. 3.20 Laser system laser stem
A laser with a corresponding laser energy source, and may also have additional components. For weapon systems, the term "laser subsystem" should be understood to have the same meaning.
3.21 Laser controlled area laser controlled area An area where personnel activities need to be controlled and monitored to prevent laser hazards. 3.22 Maintenance maintenance
Perform the adjustment methods or procedures specified in the manufacturer's operating instructions. In order to ensure the normal operation of the laser product, the user must perform these procedures. "Maintenance" does not include operation and overhaul. 3.23 Maximum permissible exposure (MPE)
maximum permissible exposure
The laser radiation level that does not cause damage to the human body under normal circumstances after exposure to laser. It is related to the laser radiation wavelength, pulse width, exposure time, irradiated biological tissue, and the image size of the laser with a wavelength of 400nm to 1400nm on the retina. See 3.43 of GB7247 and 5.14 of GJB1099A. nominal ocular hazard distance3.24 Nominal eye hazard distance (NOHD)
The distance at which the laser radiance or exposure is equal to the corresponding eye exposure limit. If the laser source is viewed through an optical instrument with a beam-contracting effect, this distance will be G times (optical instrument magnification). The nominal eye hazard distance at this time is the "expanded nominal eye hazard distance (NOHD*)\.
3.25 Operation operation
Make the laser product perform all its intended functions. "Operation" does not include maintenance and repair. 3.26 Optical density (D) opticaldensity The logarithm to the base 10 of the reciprocal of the transmittance. 3.27 Optical radiation opticalradiation
Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 180nm to 10°nm. Optical radiation is usually divided into three spectral regions according to wavelength: ultraviolet radiation (180nm~40 0nm), visible radiation (400nm～700nm), infrared radiation (700nm~10nm). 3.28 Pulse width pulseduration
The time interval between the half-peak power points on the leading and trailing edges of the pulse. 3.29 Pulse laser pulselaser
A laser that emits in the form of a single pulse or a pulse train with a duration of less than 0.25s. 3.30 Radiance (L) Unit of radiation power per unit radiation area within the emission solid angle, the unit is watt (Tesla) per steradian square meter (W-sr-l .m-?).
3.31 Radiant energy (Q)
radiantenergy
The integral of the radiant flux over time within a given duration At. 3.32 Irradiance (H)radiantexposureThe radiant energy per unit area incident on a given surface, with the unit of joule per square meter (J·m-2) 3.33 Radiant power (P) or radiant flux (Φ)radiantpower/fluxThe power emitted, transmitted or received in the form of radiation. 3.34 Radiant intensity ()radiantintensityThe radiant power leaving a point radiation source (or radiation source surface element) within a solid angle element in a given direction divided by the solid angle element, with the unit of watt (Tesla) per steradian (W: sr-l). 3.35 Reflectance (p)refl ectance
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The ratio of the total reflected radiation power to the total incident radiation power under certain conditions. 3.36 repetitively pulsed laser repetitively pulsed laser a pulsed laser that continuously produces repetitive pulse output. 3.37 maintenance service
Perform the procedures or adjustments described in the manufacturer's maintenance instructions, which may affect the performance of the product. "Maintenance" does not include maintenance or operation.
3.38 support equipment supportequipment Equipment or enclosure purchased or modified specifically for laser testing, calibration, and maintenance, or other support parts that are not basic components of the laser.
3.39 transmittance (t) transmittance The ratio of the total transmitted radiation power to the total incident radiation power under certain conditions. 3.40 ultraviolet radiation ultraviolet radiation electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 180nm~400nm. It is divided into three bands in use: near ultraviolet (UV~A), with a wavelength of 315nm~400nm: mid ultraviolet (UV~B), with a wavelength of 280nm~315nm: far ultraviolet (UV~C), with a wavelength of 180nm~280nm. 3.41 Visible radiation (light)
visibleradiation(light)
Radiation that can directly cause vision. In this standard, electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 400nm~700nm is taken as visible radiation. 4 Lasers
Laser products are divided into Class 1, Class 2, Class 3A, Class 3B and Class 4 according to the degree of hazard. For the classification regulations, see 9.2 of GB7247 and 5.1.2.1 of GJB470A. Appropriate design requirements should be selected according to different hazard categories. 4.1 General requirements
4.1.1 Identification mark
Each laser product housing should have a permanent mark that can be easily seen. The mark shall indicate the full name of the contractor, the product name, the laser model and its batch number. 4.1.2 Position of control knobs
For each laser product, the position of the operating and adjustment knobs shall ensure that the laser radiation exposure to personnel during operation or adjustment will not exceed the corresponding maximum allowable exposure. 4.1.3 Undesirable output
The laser product shall be designed so that it does not produce undesirable output, that is, no accidental emission. 4.1.4 External radiation and beam inhomogeneity
For the design of lasers and related optical components, it shall not produce other secondary beams other than those performing the intended functions. Focused beams, radiation hot spots and accompanying radiation shall be reduced as much as possible. For laser systems that use frequency shifters or harmonic multipliers to change the fundamental output wavelength, the unwanted emissions generated shall be reduced to below the maximum allowable exposure. 4.1.5 Unwanted operating modes
The laser system shall be designed to avoid unwanted self-oscillation, mode locking, double pulses or useless operating modes as much as possible. If these modes cannot be eliminated, the laser should be classified according to the possible worst-case accessible emission level. 4
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4.1.6 Interlock
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In order to protect personnel from the hazards of high voltage power supplies and accidental laser radiation and accompanying radiation exceeding the accessible emission limit, there should be an interlocked protective cover. There should be an audible or visual indication when the interlock fails. When the manhole cover is reset, the interlock device should return to normal working condition. When there is a possibility of exposure to laser radiation exceeding the accessible emission limit of Class 1, the indication should be easily visible when wearing appropriate laser protective glasses.
4.1.7 Optical hole
The observation hole or display screen for operators to observe laser radiation should be able to screen out laser radiation so that the exposure to personnel is lower than the corresponding maximum allowable exposure.
4.1.8 Optical observers
The optical indicating components or observation components of laser products with a magnification greater than 1 shall be equipped with a built-in laser safety filter within the optical path to protect the operator from mirror reflection or direct irradiation. This filter should not significantly reduce visibility, and its installation or design should be such that no optical path can be formed without the filter. The laser system or a single optical observer shall indicate the protection provided by the observation component, and the identification method may be expressed in terms of optical density (D) and wavelength. 4.1.9 Related hazards
Related electronic systems may be designed for safety with reference to GB4793.1. Other hazards caused by the laser or laser operation shall be controlled in accordance with GJB900. Appendix A A1.2 lists other hazards that must be considered. 4.1.10 Laser warning signs
Laser warning signs should provide clear warnings to operators, maintenance personnel and other personnel who may be present to avoid laser hazards: Warning signs should be in accordance with GJB895. 4.2 contains details related to these warning signs. 4.2 Detailed requirements
4.2.11 Class, Class 2 and Class 3A lasers
The signs of Class 1, Class 2 and Class 3A lasers should be firmly affixed or engraved on the product so that the signs are clear and eye-catching when the product is assembled for use. The warning signs should be affixed to the laser system housing near the laser beam exit hole and (or) near the laser trigger button. If possible, their location should allow people to view the signs without being exposed to laser radiation. Confidential information related to national security should not be disclosed in any signs. If the interlock device of a Class 1 laser product could fail and a failure of the interlock could expose personnel to Class 3B or Class 4 emission levels, the following additional marking should be placed on or near the shield: Caution Laser
Laser radiation when on and when interlock fails. Avoid eye or skin exposure to radiation.
4.2.23 Class B and Class 4 Lasers
4.2.2.1 Warning signs
Warning signs should be firmly affixed or engraved on the laser product so that the signs are clear and eye-catching when the product is fully assembled for use. The signs should be affixed to the laser system housing near the laser trigger button and the laser exit hole. When the exit hole is far from the operator, the operator should be able to view the signs without being exposed to laser radiation. If necessary, the sign should also include prompt safety instructions or control information for operators or on-site personnel. For example, for Class 3B and Class 4 ground target indicators, the warning sign for operators should state "Do not aim at people, flat glass or targets within 10 meters"; for visible light and near-infrared (400nm~1400nm) Class 3B and Class 4 lasers, the warning sign for on-site personnel should state "Do not peek into the exit hole"; for infrared (1400nm~10°nm) and ultraviolet (180nm~400nm) Class 3B and Class 4 lasers, the warning sign for on-site personnel should state "Eyes or skin should not be exposed to direct or mirror-reflected laser beams. 4.2.2 .2 Unexpected output
The unexpected output of the laser caused by an operator's operating error or material failure should not exceed the Class 1 accessible emission limit. Putting the laser into operation should require the operator to perform at least two actions, one of which is for the pre-ignition control of the laser. When its control button is in the safe position, laser output cannot be generated. The power control switch can be used as a laser pre-ignition controller. A main switch controller is only required when the purchaser specifies it. 4.2.2.3 Laser emission switch
The laser emission trigger or emission switch should be clearly marked and should be mechanically protected to prevent accidental triggering. When possible, the emission switch should require the operator to continuously operate the laser button, with a protected confirmation action (failure The laser trigger circuit of the pulsed laser should adopt a fault-safety protection design so that continuous pressing or short-circuiting of the emission control switch will not cause repeated emission, except when performing the required predetermined functions. When a confirmation action (failure-control) type switch cannot be used from the perspective of use, a toggle switch can be used, but appropriate safety protection design should be adopted to prevent accidental laser emission for a long time, such as the use of monitoring meters and system logic switches. 4.2.2.4 Exit hole cover
The exit hole should have a cover, which is permanently installed in the laser product or attached to the device housing to prevent all laser radiation exposed to any part of the human body from exceeding the Class 1 accessible emission limit. This cover can be a closable turntable aperture installed on the laser exit port, or it can be The laser can be rotated to a closed hidden position. The exit hole cover should clearly indicate whether it is in the closed or open position, and no matter which position it is in, it cannot cause damage due to laser reflection emission. 4.2.2.5 Remote interlock connector
The laser product (or the auxiliary power supply system of the laser product) should have an easily operable remote interlock function so that the system can be interlocked with the switch of the laser maintenance area through a cable during maintenance or repair. However, if the laser is always aimed at the inside of the interlocked test equipment during maintenance, this requirement does not need to be emphasized. When the connector terminals are not electrically connected, all laser radiation and incidental radiation exposed to personnel should not exceed the Class 1 accessible emission limit. When the connector is disconnected, the system should not automatically resume operation unless it is manually reset.
4.2.2.6 Alignment
The design of the alignment adjustment and maintenance function should be consistent with the system mission requirements, and alignment should be considered as a safety-critical item. 4.2.2.7 Emission Indicator
A laser operating status indicator should be provided so that the laser operator knows when the laser is ready to fire ("ready\") and when the laser is emitting ("firing"). The indication of such an indicator should be audible (sound) or visible (light), or, as specified by the user, the indicator should not affect camouflage. If a visual indicator is selected, it should be visible both during the day and at night: and, if it is required to wear laser protective glasses specially designed for the wavelength of the emitted laser radiation during operation, maintenance or repair, the indicator should also be visible when wearing such protective glasses. The location of the visual indicator should be such that personnel will not be exposed to laser radiation exceeding the Class 1 accessible emission limit when viewing it. The indicator can be used to indicate The light uses continuous or flashing light to distinguish between the two states of "ready" and "fire". When the two states of "ready" and "fire" are distinguished by continuous sound (or continuous light) and intermittent sound (or intermittent light), respectively, the continuous sound (or continuous light) should refer to "ready" and the intermittent sound (or intermittent light) should refer to "fire".
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4.2.2.8 Airborne lasers
SJ20798—2001
For airborne lasers, the design should prevent laser output when the aircraft is not in the air, but an elimination switch to prevent accidental emission can be installed to bypass the ground interlock device to facilitate ground operation, maintenance or overhaul. 4.2.2.9 Beam pointing
Laser generation The product should be designed with a controller to allow the operator to control the direction of the laser beam to achieve the best practical state, including ensuring collimation retention and software system safety. For systems with automatic target tracking capabilities, they should have the ability to automatically terminate laser emission in the following situations: when the target tracking range exceeds the system specifications, or when the laser beam reaches the boundary of the direction frame or the boundary of the system protective cover. Abort action hardware should be installed, or there should be at least two independent systems to terminate the laser. A device can be designed to skip these automatic abort functions during combat. 4.2.2.10 Scanning beam
Laser products using beam scanning technology should have the following characteristics: once the scanning is terminated or the scanning pattern is disturbed (such as changes in scanning speed or amplitude), the beam is immediately terminated or weakened. Output, so that it is below the Class 1 accessible emission limit. This requirement applies to the following situations: Scan pattern disturbances cause the laser product to operate abnormally, and unexpected scan pattern changes will increase the potential hazard of the laser product.
4.2.2.11 Training mode
When the contract requires that the laser can be used in training mode, measures should be taken to reduce harmful emissions to the lowest emission level corresponding to the training requirements. To this end, laser attenuators, beam expanders or diffusers can be used on the laser. In addition, separate systems such as lasers with less harmful effects, television cameras, etc. can also be used to meet this requirement. When the laser can be used for both combat mode and training mode, a visual indication should be provided to inform the operator and external observers that the laser is operating in training mode. 4.2.2.12 Ultra-high power lasers
Laser systems that can emit ultra-high power continuous radiation or ultra-high energy pulsed radiation may need to have special safety features, so further safety considerations are required. 4.2.2.13 Determination of Nominal Eye Hazard Distance An estimate of the nominal eye hazard distance can be calculated using appropriate laser system output parameters relative to the environmental conditions in which the laser is used. Although the nominal eye hazard distance determined by the contractor can be used during system design, the final nominal eye hazard distance value must be confirmed based on tests performed by the user. 4.2.2.14 Optical Observer
The graticule used in the optical aiming element should be visible under any lighting conditions for which the laser is designed. The brightness of the graticule should not affect the dark adaptation ability of the observer's eyes. The graticule should be calibrated to enable the laser operator to determine the distance from the laser beam to the target buffer.
5 Related Support Equipment
Support equipment includes test equipment, fixtures and support laser systems and other accessories. The design points for auxiliary facilities of the laser system are shown in Appendix A. The design of the support equipment should meet the following requirements based on the hazard categories specified in GB7247 for the lasers used with these support equipment. The laser system together with the support equipment should meet the requirements of Chapter 4 of this standard. 5.1 General requirements
5.1.1 Design objectives
The design of the relevant support equipment should ensure that the amount of laser radiation emitted during maintenance or overhaul is not greater than the Class 1 emission limit and that the accompanying radiation does not exceed the corresponding limit according to actual conditions. The support equipment should limit the laser radiation to an opaque outer shell that is reliably interlocked so that the radiation level can be prevented from exceeding the Class 1 emission limit when the shell is removed. Such shells should have appropriate external warning indicators and signs: closed equipment does not need to take special measures. 5.1.2 Related Hazards
Other related hazards from support equipment and during the operation, maintenance or overhaul of the laser shall be controlled by appropriate methods in accordance with GJB900. In the relevant technical manual, sufficient instructions shall be given for safety technology and personal protection methods. If the laser product has potential hazardous parts, they shall be clearly marked. 5.2 Detailed Requirements
5.2.1 Class 1, Class 2 and Class 3A Laser Support Equipment Support equipment for Class 1, Class 2 and Class 3A lasers shall meet the requirements of 4.2.1. 5.2.23 Class 8 and Class 4 Laser Support Equipment
5.2.2.1 Test Equipment
Laser system test equipment used to test collimation and laser performance shall be able to enclose or attenuate the beam so that its radiation to personnel is lower than the Class 1 accessible emission limit: if the test equipment is not used in a closed device, it shall also be interlocked with the laser to prevent accidental operation. 5.2.2.2 Interlock Switches
The connection of the safety interlock switch to the Class 3B and Class 4 laser systems under test shall be such that the laser output will be interrupted or limited to below the achievable emission limits of Class 1 or Class 2 (as applicable) if the test device is accidentally removed or the connection is poor. 5.2.2.3 Warning System
The warning system (e.g., a flashing light, an audible indicator, or other mechanical indicator external to the test device) shall be activated prior to laser operation and remain activated until the laser output drops below the achievable emission limits of Class 1 or Class 2 (as applicable). The warning system shall be designed so that personnel attention to it will not incur potential hazards. 5.2.2.4 Operation Switch
All laser hardware support devices that can directly trigger the laser should preferably be equipped with a confirmed action (fail-safe) type switch that must be activated when it is necessary to cause the laser to emit. When such a switch is not provided, an emergency stop switch shall be provided to terminate the laser output in case the emission limit of Class 1 or Class 2 (as applicable) is exceeded. This switch shall be easily accessible from the operator's position and shall be capable of being operated in one step. A conventional power switch or control switch shall have this function (see 4.2.2.3).
5.2.2.5 Main switch
A key switch shall be used to prevent unauthorized activation of any part of the test equipment that directly supplies power to the laser. 5.2.2.6 Beam terminator
The laser beam shall be terminated by a beam terminator that is diffusely reflective (close to a Lambertian surface) with a very low reflectance at the laser wavelength. The beam terminator shall also be flame resistant, if possible, and shall not emit noxious or carcinogenic fumes when irradiated by the laser. The beam terminator shall be marked with its type and power, or the laser for which it is intended. The "back barrier" of high-power infrared lasers can be made of refractory bricks, certain ceramics and graphite materials. However, some refractory bricks may contain beryllium compounds, which will produce harmful beryllium smoke and labor gas. In situations where the generation of harmful gases cannot be prevented, appropriate personnel protection control measures should be taken, such as taking ventilation into account in the system design. If ventilation is required for safety reasons, the ventilation system should be interlocked to prevent the laser from working when the ventilation system is not started.
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Appendix A
Design of auxiliary facilities for laser systems
(Supplement)
The design of various auxiliary facilities of the laser system shall meet the requirements of the standards for laser-specific components. For those for which no special standards have been formulated, they shall be based on The category of the laser meets the basic requirements of this appendix. Auxiliary facilities of the laser system include special covered vehicles, laser work cabins and laser work area enclosures. These auxiliary facilities together with the laser system shall meet the requirements of Chapter 4 of this standard. A1 General requirements
A1.1 Auxiliary equipment
The design of related support equipment shall ensure that the laser radiation of the laser system is not greater than the Class 1 accessible emission limit during maintenance or overhaul; and when feasible, its accompanying radiation shall not exceed the corresponding limit. The support equipment shall limit the laser radiation to the enclosure interlocked with it to prevent the radiation energy from exceeding the Class 1 accessible emission limit when the enclosure is removed. The outside of the enclosure shall be equipped with corresponding alarm indicators and warning signs.
A1.2 Related hazards
Operation, Other related hazards caused by maintenance or overhaul should be controlled by appropriate engineering methods in accordance with the provisions of GJB900. The relevant safety technology and personnel protection methods should be written in detail in the manual. If personnel may approach potentially dangerous parts, the above content should be simply and clearly marked on the laser product. Some potentially dangerous parts are listed below.
Electrical aspects:
High voltage/high current:
Arcing:
Capacitor charging/discharging:
Transformer and pulse shaping network:
Grounding:
Short circuit.
Pressure system:
Pressure storage tank:
Intake pipe;
Pipeline:
Pressure regulator:
Explosion-proof disk:
Seal:| |tt||Decompression and cleaning systems:
Exhaust glass tube.
Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation and radiation fields:
Laser beams;
X-rays (IOKV and above power):
UV fluorescent lamps;
Magnetic fields:
RF and microwave radiation;
Mirror reflective surfaces:
Flash blind and glare.
Chemical aspects:
Toxic fuels/fluids/metal particles:
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Vaporized target materials (ozone, oxides):Coolants;
Cryogenic liquids:
Material compatibility;
Hydraulic fluids (flammability);
Fuel storage:
Ventilation and life support systems.
Noise/vibration:
High-pressure gas flow/discharge:
Hydraulic pump (vortex cavity);
Water hammer (hydraulic impact).
A1.3 Personnel contact
The design of laser auxiliary facilities should limit personnel contact, and the auxiliary facilities of Class 3B and Class 4 lasers should be closed devices. A1.4 Work area lighting
Considering that the operator's visual acuity will be reduced when using laser protective glasses, the illumination of the work area should be appropriately higher (10001x). A1.5 Protective equipment
When feasible, the design of laser facilities should enable personnel to not require protective equipment. When the hands or other parts of a person may be exposed to a potentially harmful strong laser, protective equipment such as protective gloves, protective fatigues or protective clothing should be provided to all relevant personnel. Protective glasses (protective eye shields) should provide adequate protection for personnel's vision and should comply with the protection requirements of GJB1762 on the physiological hygiene of laser protective glasses. Protective glasses should be worn according to the laser equipment used. Therefore, if multiple types of lasers are installed, several pairs of different types of protective glasses are required. Protective glasses should be reasonably selected according to whether the individual wears corrective lenses (glasses). Appendix B gives guidance on the correct selection of protective glasses. A23 Detailed requirements for auxiliary facilities for Class B and Class 4 laser systems A2.1 Warning signs
Laser warning signs should be placed at the entrances and doors leading to the facilities. Warning signs should use the tone "Beware of laser" and indicate "visible light radiation" and (or) "invisible light radiation" accordingly. The label shall also include an appropriate imperative statement, such as "Knock before entering" or "Authorized personnel only - knock first and wait". A2.2 Interlock switch
The connection of the safety interlock switch to the tested Class 3B and Class 4 laser systems shall be such that the laser output will be interrupted or limited to below the achievable emission limit of Class 1 or Class 2 (where applicable) in the event of accidental removal or poor connection of the test device. A2.3 Warning system
The warning system (e.g., a bell, flashing light, or other visual indicator external to the test device) shall be activated before the laser is operated and remain activated until the laser output drops below the achievable emission limit of Class 1 or Class 2 (where applicable). 10
-LKANKACa2.2 Interlock Switches
The safety interlock switch shall be connected to the Class 3B and Class 4 laser systems under test so that the test device can interrupt or limit the laser output to below the Class 1 or Class 2 (as applicable) achievable emission limits in the event of accidental removal or poor connection of the test device. 5.2.2.3 Warning System
The warning system (e.g., flashing light, audible indicator, or other mechanical indicator external to the test device) shall be activated before the laser is operated and remain activated until the laser output drops below the Class 1 or Class 2 (as applicable) achievable emission limits. The warning system shall be designed so that personnel attention to it will not incur potential hazards. 5.2.2.4 Operation Switches
All laser hardware support devices that can directly trigger the laser should preferably be equipped with a confirmed action (fail-safe) type switch that must be activated when it is necessary to cause the laser to emit. When such a switch is not provided, an emergency brake switch shall be provided to urgently terminate the laser output that exceeds the Class 1 or Class 2 (as applicable) achievable emission limits. This switch shall be easily accessible from the operator's position and can be operated in one step. A conventional power switch or control switch shall have this function (see 4.2.2.3).
5.2.2.5 Main Switch
A key switch shall be used to prevent unauthorized activation of any part of the test equipment that directly supplies power to the laser. 5.2.2.6 Beam Terminator
The laser beam shall be terminated by a beam terminator that is diffusely reflective (close to a Lambertian surface) with a very low reflectance at the laser wavelength. If possible, the beam terminator shall also be flame resistant and shall not emit noxious or carcinogenic fumes when the terminator is illuminated by the laser. The beam terminator shall be marked with its type and power, or the laser for which it is intended. The "back barrier" of high-power infrared lasers can be made of refractory bricks, certain ceramics and graphite materials. However, some refractory bricks may contain beryllium compounds, which will produce harmful beryllium smoke and labor gas. In situations where the generation of harmful gases cannot be prevented, appropriate personnel protection control measures should be taken, such as taking ventilation into account in the system design. If ventilation is required for safety reasons, the ventilation system should be interlocked to prevent the laser from working when the ventilation system is not started.
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Appendix A
Design of auxiliary facilities for laser systems
(Supplement)
The design of various auxiliary facilities of the laser system shall meet the requirements of the standards for laser-specific components. For those for which no special standards have been formulated, they shall be based on The category of the laser meets the basic requirements of this appendix. Auxiliary facilities of the laser system include special covered vehicles, laser work cabins and laser work area enclosures. These auxiliary facilities together with the laser system shall meet the requirements of Chapter 4 of this standard. A1 General requirements
A1.1 Auxiliary equipment
The design of related support equipment shall ensure that the laser radiation of the laser system is not greater than the Class 1 accessible emission limit during maintenance or overhaul; and when feasible, its accompanying radiation shall not exceed the corresponding limit. The support equipment shall limit the laser radiation to the enclosure interlocked with it to prevent the radiation energy from exceeding the Class 1 accessible emission limit when the enclosure is removed. The outside of the enclosure shall be equipped with corresponding alarm indicators and warning signs.
A1.2 Related hazards
Operation, Other related hazards caused by maintenance or overhaul should be controlled by appropriate engineering methods in accordance with the provisions of GJB900. The relevant safety technology and personnel protection methods should be written in detail in the manual. If personnel may approach potentially dangerous parts, the above content should be simply and clearly marked on the laser product. Some potentially dangerous parts are listed below.
Electrical aspects:
High voltage/high current:
Arcing:
Capacitor charging/discharging:
Transformer and pulse shaping network:
Grounding:
Short circuit.
Pressure system:
Pressure storage tank:
Intake pipe;
Pipeline:
Pressure regulator:
Explosion-proof disk:
Seal:| |tt||Decompression and cleaning systems:
Exhaust glass tube.
Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation and radiation fields:
Laser beams;
X-rays (IOKV and above power):
UV fluorescent lamps;
Magnetic fields:
RF and microwave radiation;
Mirror reflective surfaces:
Flash blind and glare.
Chemical aspects:
Toxic fuels/fluids/metal particles:
SJ20798——2001
Vaporized target materials (ozone, oxides):Coolants;
Cryogenic liquids:
Material compatibility;
Hydraulic fluids (flammability);
Fuel storage:
Ventilation and life support systems.
Noise/vibration:
High-pressure gas flow/discharge:
Hydraulic pump (vortex cavity);
Water hammer (hydraulic impact).
A1.3 Personnel contact
The design of laser auxiliary facilities should limit personnel contact, and the auxiliary facilities of Class 3B and Class 4 lasers should be closed devices. A1.4 Work area lighting
Considering that the operator's visual acuity will be reduced when using laser protective glasses, the illumination of the work area should be appropriately higher (10001x). A1.5 Protective equipment
When feasible, the design of laser facilities should enable personnel to not require protective equipment. When the hands or other parts of a person may be exposed to a potentially harmful strong laser, protective equipment such as protective gloves, protective fatigues or protective clothing should be provided to all relevant personnel. Protective glasses (protective eye shields) should provide adequate protection for personnel's vision and should comply with the protection requirements of GJB1762 on the physiological hygiene of laser protective glasses. Protective glasses should be worn according to the laser equipment used. Therefore, if multiple types of lasers are installed, several pairs of different types of protective glasses are required. Protective glasses should be reasonably selected according to whether the individual wears corrective lenses (glasses). Appendix B gives guidance on the correct selection of protective glasses. A23 Detailed requirements for auxiliary facilities for Class B and Class 4 laser systems A2.1 Warning signs
Laser warning signs should be placed at the entrances and doors leading to the facilities. Warning signs should use the tone "Beware of laser" and indicate "visible light radiation" and (or) "invisible light radiation" accordingly. The label shall also include an appropriate imperative statement, such as "Knock before entering" or "Authorized personnel only - knock first and wait". A2.2 Interlock switch
The connection of the safety interlock switch to the tested Class 3B and Class 4 laser systems shall be such that the laser output will be interrupted or limited to below the achievable emission limit of Class 1 or Class 2 (where applicable) in the event of accidental removal or poor connection of the test device. A2.3 Warning system
The warning system (e.g., a bell, flashing light, or other visual indicator external to the test device) shall be activated before the laser is operated and remain activated until the laser output drops below the achievable emission limit of Class 1 or Class 2 (where applicable). 10
-LKANKACa2.2 Interlock Switches
The safety interlock switch shall be connected to the Class 3B and Class 4 laser systems under test so that the test device can interrupt or limit the laser output to below the Class 1 or Class 2 (as applicable) achievable emission limits in the event of accidental removal or poor connection of the test device. 5.2.2.3 Warning System
The warning system (e.g., flashing light, audible indicator, or other mechanical indicator external to the test device) shall be activated before the laser is operated and remain activated until the laser output drops below the Class 1 or Class 2 (as applicable) achievable emission limits. The warning system shall be designed so that personnel attention to it will not incur potential hazards. 5.2.2.4 Operation Switches
All laser hardware support devices that can directly trigger the laser should preferably be equipped with a confirmed action (fail-safe) type switch that must be activated when it is necessary to cause the laser to emit. When such a switch is not provided, an emergency brake switch shall be provided to urgently terminate the laser output that exceeds the Class 1 or Class 2 (as applicable) achievable emission limits. This switch shall be easily accessible from the operator's position and can be operated in one step. A conventional power switch or control switch shall have this function (see 4.2.2.3).
5.2.2.5 Main Switch
A key switch shall be used to prevent unauthorized activation of any part of the test equipment that directly supplies power to the laser. 5.2.2.6 Beam Terminator
The laser beam shall be terminated by a beam terminator that is diffusely reflective (close to a Lambertian surface) with a very low reflectance at the laser wavelength. If possible, the beam terminator shall also be flame resistant and shall not emit noxious or carcinogenic fumes when the terminator is illuminated by the laser. The beam terminator shall be marked with its type and power, or the laser for which it is intended. The "back barrier" of high-power infrared lasers can be made of refractory bricks, certain ceramics and graphite materials. However, some refractory bricks may contain beryllium compounds, which will produce harmful beryllium smoke and labor gas. In situations where the generation of harmful gases cannot be prevented, appropriate personnel protection control measures should be taken, such as taking ventilation into account in the system design. If ventilation is required for safety reasons, the ventilation system should be interlocked to prevent the laser from working when the ventilation system is not started.
-TiKAoNiKAca-
SJ20798-2001
Appendix A
Design of auxiliary facilities for laser systems
(Supplement)
The design of various auxiliary facilities of the laser system shall meet the requirements of the standards for laser-specific components. For those for which no special standards have been formulated, they shall be based on The category of the laser meets the basic requirements of this appendix. Auxiliary facilities of the laser system include special covered vehicles, laser work cabins and laser work area enclosures. These auxiliary facilities together with the laser system shall meet the requirements of Chapter 4 of this standard. A1 General requirements
A1.1 Auxiliary equipment
The design of related support equipment shall ensure that the laser radiation of the laser system is not greater than the Class 1 accessible emission limit during maintenance or overhaul; and when feasible, its accompanying radiation shall not exceed the corresponding limit. The support equipment shall limit the laser radiation to the enclosure interlocked with it to prevent the radiation energy from exceeding the Class 1 accessible emission limit when the enclosure is removed. The outside of the enclosure shall be equipped with corresponding alarm indicators and warning signs.
A1.2 Related hazards
Operation, Other related hazards caused by maintenance or overhaul should be controlled by appropriate engineering methods in accordance with the provisions of GJB900. The relevant safety technology and personnel protection methods should be written in detail in the manual. If personnel may approach potentially dangerous parts, the above content should be simply and clearly marked on the laser product. Some potentially dangerous parts are listed below.
Electrical aspects:
High voltage/high current:
Arcing:
Capacitor charging/discharging:
Transformer and pulse shaping network:
Grounding:
Short circuit.
Pressure system:
Pressure storage tank:
Intake pipe;
Pipeline:
Pressure regulator:
Explosion-proof disk:
Seal:| |tt||Decompression and cleaning systems:
Exhaust glass tube.
Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation and radiation fields:
Laser beams;
X-rays (IOKV and above power):
UV fluorescent lamps;
Magnetic fields:
RF and microwave radiation;
Mirror reflective surfaces:
Flash blind and glare.
Chemical aspects:
Toxic fuels/fluids/metal particles:
SJ20798——2001
Vaporized target materials (ozone, oxides):Coolants;
Cryogenic liquids:
Material compatibility;
Hydraulic fluids (flammability);
Fuel storage:
Ventilation and life support systems.
Noise/vibration:
High-pressure gas flow/discharge:
Hydraulic pump (vortex cavity);
Water hammer (hydraulic impact).
A1.3 Personnel contact
The design of laser auxiliary facilities should limit personnel contact, and the auxiliary facilities of Class 3B and Class 4 lasers should be closed devices. A1.4 Work area lighting
Considering that the operator's visual acuity will be reduced when using laser protective glasses, the illumination of the work area should be appropriately higher (10001x). A1.5 Protective equipment
When feasible, the design of laser facilities should enable personnel to not require protective equipment. When the hands or other parts of a person may be exposed to a potentially harmful strong laser, protective equipment such as protective gloves, protective fatigues or protective clothing should be provided to all relevant personnel. Protective glasses (protective eye shields) should provide adequate protection for personnel's vision and should comply with the protection requirements of GJB1762 on the physiological hygiene of laser protective glasses. Protective glasses should be worn according to the laser equipment used. Therefore, if multiple types of lasers are installed, several pairs of different types of protective glasses are required. Protective glasses should be reasonably selected according to whether the individual wears corrective lenses (glasses). Appendix B gives guidance on the correct selection of protective glasses. A23 Detailed requirements for auxiliary facilities for Class B and Class 4 laser systems A2.1 Warning signs
Laser warning signs should be placed at the entrances and doors leading to the facilities. Warning signs should use the tone "Beware of laser" and indicate "visible light radiation" and (or) "invisible light radiation" accordingly. The label shall also include an appropriate imperative statement, such as "Knock before entering" or "Authorized personnel only - knock first and wait". A2.2 Interlock switch
The connection of the safety interlock switch to the tested Class 3B and Class 4 laser systems shall be such that the laser output will be interrupted or limited to below the achievable emission limit of Class 1 or Class 2 (where applicable) in the event of accidental removal or poor connection of the test device. A2.3 Warning system
The warning system (e.g., a bell, flashing light, or other visual indicator external to the test device) shall be activated before the laser is operated and remain activated until the laser output drops below the achievable emission limit of Class 1 or Class 2 (where applicable). 10
-LKANKACa6 Beam terminator
The laser beam should be terminated by a beam terminator which is diffusely reflective (close to a Lambertian surface) with very low reflectance at the laser wavelength. If possible, the beam terminator should also be flame resistant and not emit harmful or carcinogenic fumes when the terminator is irradiated by the laser. The beam terminator should be marked with its type and power, or the laser for which it is suitable. The "back barrier" of high-power infrared lasers can be made of refractory bricks, certain ceramics and graphite materials. However, some refractory bricks may contain beryllium compounds, which will produce harmful beryllium smoke and labor gas. In situations where the generation of harmful gases cannot be prevented, appropriate personnel protection control measures should be taken, such as taking ventilation into account in the system design. If ventilation is required for safety reasons, the ventilation system should be interlocked to prevent the laser from working when the ventilation system is not started.
-TiKAoNiKAca-
SJ20798-2001
Appendix A
Design of auxiliary facilities for laser systems
(Supplement)
The design of various auxiliary facilities of the laser system shall meet the requirements of the standards for laser-specific components. For those for which no special standards have been formulated, they shall be based on The category of the laser meets the basic requirements of this appendix. Auxiliary facilities of the laser system include special covered vehicles, laser work cabins and laser work area enclosures. These auxiliary facilities together with the laser system shall meet the requirements of Chapter 4 of this standard. A1 General requirements
A1.1 Auxiliary equipment
The design of related support equipment shall ensure that the laser radiation of the laser system is not greater than the Class 1 accessible emission limit during maintenance or overhaul; and when feasible, its accompanying radiation shall not exceed the corresponding limit. The support equipment shall limit the laser radiation to the enclosure interlocked with it to prevent the radiation energy from exceeding the Class 1 accessible emission limit when the enclosure is removed. The outside of the enclosure shall be equipped with corresponding alarm indicators and warning signs.
A1.2 Related hazards
Operation, Other related hazards caused by maintenance or overhaul should be controlled by appropriate engineering methods in accordance with the provisions of GJB900. The relevant safety technology and personnel protection methods should be written in detail in the manual. If personnel may approach potentially dangerous parts, the above content should be simply and clearly marked on the laser product. Some potentially dangerous parts are listed below.
Electrical aspects:
High voltage/high current:
Arcing:
Capacitor charging/discharging:
Transformer and pulse shaping network:
Grounding:
Short circuit.
Pressure system:
Pressure storage tank:
Intake pipe;
Pipeline:
Pressure regulator:
Explosion-proof disk:
Seal:| |tt||Decompression and cleaning systems:
Exhaust glass tube.
Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation and radiation fields:
Laser beams;
X-rays (IOKV and above power):
UV fluorescent lamps;
Magnetic fields:
RF and microwave radiation;
Mirror reflective surfaces:
Flash blind and glare.
Chemical aspects:
Toxic fuels/fluids/metal particles:
SJ20798——2001
Vaporized target materials (ozone, oxides):Coolants;
Cryogenic liquids:
Material compatibility;
Hydraulic fluids (flammability);
Fuel storage:
Ventilation and life support systems.
Noise/vibration:
High-pressure gas flow/discharge:
Hydraulic pump (vortex cavity);
Water hammer (hydraulic impact).
A1.3 Personnel contact
The design of laser auxiliary facilities should limit personnel contact, and the auxiliary facilities of Class 3B and Class 4 lasers should be closed devices. A1.4 Work area lighting
Considering that the operator's visual acuity will be reduced when using laser protective glasses, the illumination of the work area should be appropriately higher (10001x). A1.5 Protective equipment
When feasible, the design of laser facilities should enable personnel to not require protective equipment. When the hands or other parts of a person may be exposed to a potentially harmful strong laser, protective equipment such as protective gloves, protective fatigues or protective clothing should be provided to all relevant personnel. Protective glasses (protective eye shields) should provide adequate protection for personnel's vision and should comply with the protection requirements of GJB1762 on the physiological hygiene of laser protective glasses. Protective glasses should be worn according to the laser equipment used. Therefore, if multiple types of lasers are installed, several pairs of different types of protective glasses are required. Protective glasses should be reasonably selected according to whether the individual wears corrective lenses (glasses). Appendix B gives guidance on the correct selection of protective glasses. A23 Detailed requirements for auxiliary facilities for Class B and Class 4 laser systems A2.1 Warning signs
Laser warning signs should be placed at the entrances and doors leading to the facilities. Warning signs should use the tone "Beware of laser" and indicate "visible light radiation" and (or) "invisible light radiation" accordingly. The label shall also include an appropriate imperative statement, such as "Knock before entering" or "Authorized personnel only - knock first and wait". A2.2 Interlock switch
The connection of the safety interlock switch to the tested Class 3B and Class 4 laser systems shall be such that the laser output will be interrupted or limited to below the achievable emission limit of Class 1 or Class 2 (where applicable) in the event of accidental removal or poor connection of the test device. A2.3 Warning system
The warning system (e.g., a bell, flashing light, or other visual indicator external to the test device) shall be activated before the laser is operated and remain activated until the laser output drops below the achievable emission limit of Class 1 or Class 2 (where applicable). 10
-LKANKACa6 Beam terminator
The laser beam should be terminated by a beam terminator which is diffusely reflective (close to a Lambertian surface) with very low reflectance at the laser wavelength. If possible, the beam terminator should also be flame resistant and not emit harmful or carcinogenic fumes when the terminator is irradiated by the laser. The beam terminator should be marked with its type and power, or the laser for which it is suitable. The "back barrier" of high-power infrared lasers can be made of refractory bricks, certain ceramics and graphite materials. However, some refractory bricks may contain beryllium compounds, which will produce harmful beryllium smoke and labor gas. In situations where the generation of harmful gases cannot be prevented, appropriate personnel protection control measures should be taken, such as taking ventilation into account in the system design. If ventilation is required for safety reasons, the ventilation system should be interlocked to prevent the laser from working when the ventilation system is not started.
-TiKAoNiKAca-
SJ20798-2001
Appendix A
Design of auxiliary facilities for laser systems
(Supplement)
The design of various auxiliary facilities of the laser system shall meet the requirements of the standards for laser-specific components. For those for which no special standards have been formulated, they shall be based on The category of the laser meets the basic requirements of this appendix. Auxiliary facilities of the laser system include special covered vehicles, laser work cabins and laser work area enclosures. These auxiliary facilities together with the laser system shall meet the requirements of Chapter 4 of this standard. A1 General requirements
A1.1 Auxiliary equipment
The design of related support equipment shall ensure that the laser radiation of the laser system is not greater than the Class 1 accessible emission limit during maintenance or overhaul; and when feasible, its accompanying radiation shall not exceed the corresponding limit. The support equipment shall limit the laser radiation to the enclosure interlocked with it to prevent the radiation energy from exceeding the Class 1 accessible emission limit when the enclosure is removed. The outside of the enclosure shall be equipped with corresponding alarm indicators and warning signs.
A1.2 Related hazards
Operation, Other related hazards caused by maintenance or overhaul should be controlled by appropriate engineering methods in accordance with the provisions of GJB900. The relevant safety technology and personnel protection methods should be written in detail in the manual. If personnel may approach potentially dangerous parts, the above content should be simply and clearly marked on the laser product. Some potentially dangerous parts are listed below.
Electrical aspects:
High voltage/high current:
Arcing:
Capacitor charging/discharging:
Transformer and pulse shaping network:
Grounding:
Short circuit.
Pressure system:
Pressure storage tank:
Intake pipe;
Pipeline:
Pressure regulator:
Explosion-proof disk:
Seal:| |tt||Decompression and cleaning systems:
Exhaust glass tube.
Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation and radiation fields:
Laser beams;
X-rays (IOKV and above power):
UV fluorescent lamps;
Magnetic fields:
RF and microwave radiation;
Mirror reflective surfaces:
Flash blind and glare.
Chemical aspects:
Toxic fuels/fluids/metal particles:
SJ20798——2001
Vaporized target materials (ozone, oxides):Coolants;
Cryogenic liquids:
Material compatibility;
Hydraulic fluids (flammability);
Fuel storage:
Ventilation and life support systems.
Noise/vibration:
High-pressure gas flow/discharge:
Hydraulic pump (vortex cavity);
Water hammer (hydraulic impact).
A1.3 Personnel contact
The design of laser auxiliary facilities should limit personnel contact, and the auxiliary facilities of Class 3B and Class 4 lasers should be closed devices. A1.4 Work area lighting
Considering that the operator's visual acuity will be reduced when using laser protective glasses, the illumination of the work area should be appropriately higher (10001x). A1.5 Protective equipment
When feasible, the design of laser facilities should enable personnel to not require protective equipment. When the hands or other parts of a person may be exposed to a potentially harmful strong laser, protective equipment such as protective gloves, protective fatigues or protective clothing should be provided to all relevant personnel. Protective glasses (protective eye shields) should provide adequate protection for personnel's vision and should comply with the protection requirements of GJB1762 on the physiological hygiene of laser protective glasses. Protective glasses should be worn according to the laser equipment used. Therefore, if multiple types of lasers are installed, several pairs of different types of protective glasses are required. Protective glasses should be reasonably selected according to whether the individual wears corrective lenses (glasses). Appendix B gives guidance on the correct selection of protective glasses. A23 Detailed requirements for auxiliary facilities for Class B and Class 4 laser systems A2.1 Warning signs
Laser warning signs should be placed at the entrances and doors leading to the facilities. Warning signs should use the tone "Beware of laser" and indicate "visible light radiation" and (or) "invisible light radiation" accordingly. The label shall also include an appropriate imperative statement, such as "Knock before entering" or "Authorized personnel only - knock first and wait". A2.2 Interlock switch
The connection of the safety interlock switch to the tested Class 3B and Class 4 laser systems shall be such that the laser output will be interrupted or limited to below the achievable emission limit of Class 1 or Class 2 (where applicable) in the event of accidental removal or poor connection of the test device. A2.3 Warning system
The warning system (e.g., a bell, flashing light, or other visual indicator external to the test device) shall be activated before the laser is operated and remain activated until the laser output drops below the achievable emission limit of Class 1 or Class 2 (where applicable). 10
-LKANKACa2 Related Hazards
Other related hazards caused by the operation, maintenance or overhaul of related support equipment and lasers shall be controlled by appropriate engineering methods in accordance with the provisions of GJB900. The relevant safety technologies and personnel protection methods shall be written in detail in the manual. If personnel may approach potentially dangerous parts, the above content shall be simply and clearly marked on the laser product. The following lists some potentially dangerous parts.
Electrical aspects:
High voltage/high current:
Arc flashover:
Capacitor charging/discharging:
Transformer and pulse shaping network:
Grounding:
Short circuit.
Pressure system:
Pressure storage tank:
Intake pipe;
Pipeline:
Pressure regulator:
Explosion-proof disk:
Seal:
Decompression and cleaning system:
Exhaust glass tube.
Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation and radiation fields:
Laser beams;
X-rays (IOKV and above power):
UV fluorescent lamps;
Magnetic fields:
RF
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