Some standard content:
1CS01.040.55
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T18354-2001
Logistics terms
Logistics terms
Published on April 17, 2001
Implemented on August 1, 2001
Published by the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision
GB/T18354—2001
Cited standards
3Basic concept terms
Logistics operation terms
Logistics technical equipment and facilities terms
6Logistics management terms
Appendix A (Suggested Appendix ）
Appendix B (Indicative Appendix)
Appendix C (Indicative Appendix)
Chinese Index
English Index
References
GB/T18354—2001
Logistics is a traditional industry, but with the rapid development of the economy and the continuous emergence of high-tech, it has been given newer, deeper connotations and new concepts, and the logistics industry has entered a new stage of rapid development. This standard is based on extensive investigation and research, absorption and reference to relevant domestic and foreign information, and includes and determines 145 terms and their definitions that are currently basically mature in the field of logistics. It aims to standardize the basic concepts in the current development of my country's logistics industry to meet the needs of the rapid development of the logistics industry and its integration with the international community.
Appendix A, Appendix B, and Appendix C of this standard are all indicative appendices. This standard is proposed and managed by the State Bureau of Domestic Trade. The drafting units of this standard are: Logistics Technology and Economic Committee of China Material Circulation Association, China Material Circulation Technology Development Association, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing Wuzi University, Northern Jiaotong University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Material Circulation Technology Research Institute of State Bureau of Domestic Trade, Haifu Development (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., China Material Storage and Transportation Corporation, China Foreign Trade Transportation (Group) Corporation, China Container Holding Corporation. The main drafters of this standard are: He Mingke, Wu Yue, Mou Weizhong, He Tiefu, Wang Yaoqiu, Wu Runtao, Zhang Ming, Liu Zhixue, Li Jidong, Liu Jianxin. 1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Logistics terms
Logistics terms
GB/T18354-2001
This standard defines the basic concept terms, logistics operation terms, logistics technical equipment and facilities terms, logistics management terms and their definitions in logistics activities.
This standard applies to information processing and information exchange in logistics and related fields, and also applies to relevant laws and regulations and documents. 2 Referenced standards
The clauses contained in the following standards constitute the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and the parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB/T1992-1985 Container terminology (neqISO830:1981) GB/T4122.1-1996 Basic packaging terms
GB/T17271-1998 Container transport terms 3 Basic concepts and terms
3.1 Article
Material information involved in the physical flow of economic activities. 3.2 Logistics
The physical flow process of articles from the supply place to the receiving place. According to actual needs, the basic functions of transportation, storage, loading and unloading, handling, packaging, flow processing, distribution, and information processing are organically combined. 3.3
Logistics activities
The implementation and management process of various logistics functions. 3.4
Logistics operation
Specific operational activities carried out to realize logistics functions. Logistics moduluslogistiesmodulus
Dimensional basis of logistics facilities and equipment.
Logistics technologylogisticstechnology
General term for theories and methods of natural sciences and social sciences, as well as facilities, equipment, devices and processes used in logistics activities. Logistics costlogistics cost
Monetary expression of materialized labor and living labor consumed in logistics activities. 3.8
Logistics managementlogistiesmanagement
Planning, organizing, coordinating and controlling logistics activities in order to achieve a satisfactory service level for users at the lowest logistics cost. 3.g Logistics center The place or organization engaged in logistics activities should basically meet the following requirements: a) Mainly oriented to social services;
Approved by the State Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine on April 17, 2001 and implemented on August 1, 2001
b) Sound logistics functions;
c) Perfect information network;
d) Large radiation range;
e) Few varieties and large quantities;
f) Strong storage and throughput capacity;
g) Unified operation and management of logistics business.
3.10 Logistics network logisticsnetwork GB/T18354—2001
The collection of organizations and facilities that are interconnected in the logistics process. 3.t1 Logistics information logisticsinformation The general term for knowledge, materials, images, data, and documents that reflect the content of various logistics activities. 3.12
Logistics enterpriselogisticssenterprise
Economic organization engaged in logistics activities.
3.13Logistics documentslogisticsdocumentsThe general term for all documents, bills and vouchers used in the logistics process. 3.14Logistics alliancelogisticsallianceThe long-term combination and cooperation between two or more economic organizations to achieve specific logistics goals. Supply logisticssupplylogistics
When providing raw materials, parts or other items to production enterprises, the physical flow of items between the provider and the demander. Production logisticsproductionlogistics3.16
In the production process, the physical flow of raw materials, work-in-progress, semi-finished products, finished products, etc. within the enterprise. Sales logisticsdistributionlogistics3.17
When production enterprises and distribution enterprises sell goods, the physical flow of items between the supplier and the demander. 3.18 Recycling logistics returned logistics The physical flow of goods formed by the repair, return and turnover of unqualified goods from the demander to the supplier. 3.19 Waste logistics waste material logistics The physical flow of goods formed when the goods that have lost their original use value in economic activities are collected, classified, processed, packaged, transported, stored, etc. according to actual needs and distributed to special treatment sites. 3.20 Green logistics environmental logistics While suppressing the harm of logistics to the environment during the logistics process, it realizes the purification of the logistics environment and makes the most of logistics resources.
3.21 Enterprise logistics
internal logistics
The physical flow of goods within the enterprise.
3.22 Social logistics external logistics The general term for logistics activities outside the enterprise.
3.23 Military logistics military logistics is used to meet the needs of the army in peacetime and wartime. 3.24 International logistics international logistics is the logistics between different countries (regions). 3.25 Third-Part Logistics (TPL) is a business model in which logistics services are provided by logistics companies other than suppliers and buyers. 3.26 Customized Logistics is a logistics service model designed specifically for users according to their specific requirements. 3.27 Virtual Logistics is a logistics method that uses computer network technology to operate and manage logistics, and realizes the sharing and optimization of logistics resources among enterprises. 3.28 Value-added Logistics Service is a variety of extended business activities provided according to customer needs on the basis of completing the basic functions of logistics.29 Supply Chain Supply Chain
The network structure formed by upstream and downstream enterprises involved in the production and circulation process that provide products or services to end users.
3.30 Barcode barcode
A code composed of a group of regularly arranged bars, spaces and characters to represent certain information. Synonym: barcode symbol barcode symbol [4.17 in GB/T4122.1-1996] 3.31 Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) Electronic data interchange (EDI) uses computer networks to transmit and exchange structured data in a standardized format through electronic means. 3.32 Tangible loss tangible loss
Visible or measurable physical loss and consumption. 3.33 Intangible loss intangible loss
Depreciation of goods caused by scientific and technological progress. 4 Logistics Operation Terms
4.1 Transportation transportation
Logistics activities that use equipment and tools to transport goods from one place to another. It includes a series of operations such as collection, distribution, handling, transfer, loading, unloading, and dispersion. [4.4 in GB/T4122.1-1996] 4.2 Combined transport combined transport A mode of transport in which two or more transport companies or more than two modes of transport jointly transport a batch of goods to the destination in one commission.
4.3 Through transport
A mode of transport in which goods are transported from the place of shipment to the place of receipt without the need for reloading or stopping at a storage place. 4.4 Transfer transport transfer transport A mode of transport in which goods are transported from the place of production to the final place of use, with more than one landing and reloading. 4.5 Drop and pull transport A mode of transport in which a tractor tows a trailer to the destination, drops the trailer, and then replaces it with a new trailer to transport it to another destination. 4.6 Containerized transport: The transport of single-piece items, bulk items, and small-volume items in a containerized unit of a certain specification using containerized equipment or bundling methods.
4.7 Containerized transport: A mode of freight transport that uses containers as units for the transport of goods. [3.2.1 in GB/T17271-1998] 4.8 Door-to-door: The carrier receives the goods in full containers at the shipper's factory or warehouse and is responsible for delivering the goods in full containers to the consignee's factory or warehouse. [3.2.3.1 in GB/T17271-1998]
4.9 Full container load (FCL): A container is filled with the goods of a shipper who is also a consignee. [3.2.4.27 in GB/T17271-1998] 4.10 Less than container load (LCL) Goods from multiple shippers or consignees in one container. [3.2.4.3 in GB/T17271-1998] 4.11 Storage storage
Protecting, managing, and storing items. [4.2 in GB/T4122.1-1996] 3
GB/T18354-2001
4.12 Storage storage
The activity of preserving items and managing and controlling their quantity and quality. 3 Article reserves
Stored for urgent use. There are annual reserves, long-term reserves, and strategic reserves. 4.14 Inventory inventory
Items in storage. Inventory in a broad sense also includes items in the state of manufacturing, processing and transportation. Cyclestock
Inventory established by an enterprise to meet daily needs under normal business conditions. 4.16 Safetystock
Inventory prepared to prevent surges due to uncertain factors (such as large and sudden orders, sudden extension of delivery date, etc.). Inventory cycle inventorycycletime
The average time from the entry to the exit of inventory items within a certain range. Lead time
The time interval from issuing an order to receiving the goods. 4.19 Order processing cycle
order cycletime
The time interval from receiving an order to shipping the ordered goods. 4.20 Goodsstack
A batch of items stacked together in different categories according to certain requirements for the convenience of storage, loading and unloading, and transportation. 4.21 Stacking
The operation of placing items neatly and regularly into stacks. Handling/carrying
Logistics operation mainly involving horizontal movement of items in the same place. 3 Loading and unloading
The loading and unloading of items into or from transport equipment at a designated location by manpower or machinery. [4.5 in GB/T4122.1-1996] 4.24 Unit loading and unloading The method of integrating small or bulk items into a certain mass or volume assembly using pallets, containers or packaging materials so as to facilitate the loading and unloading operation by machinery.
4.25 Packaging/packaging
The general name for containers, materials and auxiliary materials used according to certain technical methods to protect products, facilitate storage and transportation, and promote sales during the circulation process. It also refers to the operational activities that apply certain technical methods in the process of using containers, materials and auxiliary materials to achieve the above-mentioned purposes. [2.1 in GB/T4122.1-1996] 4.26 Sales package
Also known as inner packaging, it is the packaging that directly contacts the goods and enters the retail outlets with the goods and directly meets the consumers or users. Packaging of nominated brand 4.27
The buyer requires the seller to use the brand name or trademark designated by the buyer on the export goods/packaging. 4.28 Neutral packaging
Packaging that does not indicate the country of production on the export goods and their inner and outer packaging. 4.29 Transport packaging · transport package Packaging whose main purpose is to meet the requirements of transportation and storage. It has the functions of ensuring the safety of products, facilitating storage and transportation, loading and unloading, and accelerating handover and inspection. [GB/T4122.1-1996 2.5] 4.30 Palletizing
Using pallets as carriers, stacking packages or products on pallets, fixing them by tying, wrapping or gluing, forming a handling unit for mechanical handling. [GB/T4122.1-1996 2.17] 4
4.31 Containerization
GB/T18354-2001
Using container equipment or tying methods, items are grouped into unit cargo of standard specifications to speed up logistics activities such as loading and unloading, handling, storage and transportation.
4.32 inbulk
Bulk goods are transported and loaded and unloaded with special machinery and equipment within a certain logistics range, without any packaging, and are loaded and unloaded, transported and stored by suction, grab and other machinery and equipment for a long time. Crossdocking
The logistics connection method in which goods are directly transferred from one transport tool to another without passing through intermediate warehouses or stations in the logistics process.
4.34 distribution distribution
The logistics activity of selecting, processing, packaging, splitting, assembling and other operations for goods according to user requirements within an economically reasonable area and delivering them to the designated location on time.
4.35 joint distribution joint distribution The distribution activity jointly organized and implemented by multiple enterprises. 4.36 Distribution center A logistics place or organization engaged in distribution business should basically meet the following requirements: a) Mainly serve specific users; b) Have a sound distribution function; c) Have a sound information network; d) Have a small radiation range; e) Have a variety of varieties and small batches; f) Focus on distribution and supplemented by storage. 4.37 Sorting
The operation of sorting and placing goods according to their types and the order of entry and exit. 4.38 Order picking
The operation of selecting goods from storage places and placing them in designated places according to the requirements of orders or delivery orders. 4.39 Goods collection
The operation of gathering scattered or small batches of goods for transportation and distribution. 4.40 Assembly
The operation of organizing and arranging the loading of goods before distribution according to the flow and direction of goods and the load and volume of transportation vehicles. Distribution processing4.41
The general term for simple operations such as packaging, segmentation, measurement, sorting, marking, labeling, and assembly of goods in the process from the place of production to the place of use.
4.42 Cold chain
A logistics network equipped with special equipment to maintain the quality of fresh food and frozen food, so that they are always in a low temperature state from production to consumption.
3 Inspection
A general term for the inspection and acceptance of the quality, quantity, packaging, etc. of the subject matter according to the contract or standard. 5 Terms of logistics technical equipment and facilities
5.1 Warehouse
warehouse
A general term for buildings and places for keeping and storing goods. 5.2 Storehouse
GB/T18354—2001
A closed building with a roof and enclosure structure for storing various items. 5.3 Automated warehouseautomaticwarehouseA warehouse managed and controlled by electronic computers, which can realize the receiving and sending operations without manual handling operations. 5.4 Stereoscopic warehouse A warehouse that uses high-rise shelves with boxes or pallets to store goods, and uses aisle stacking cranes and other machinery for operations. 5.5 Virtual warehouse virtualwarehouse
A logistics facility based on computer and network communication technology for storage, safekeeping and remote control of goods. It can achieve effective scheduling and unified management of goods in different states, spaces, times and owners. 5.6 Bonded warehouse bondedwarehouse
A place approved by the customs and under the supervision of the customs for the storage of goods that have not gone through customs formalities but have entered or transited the country. 5.7
Export supervised warehouse exportsupervisedwarehouse A special warehouse approved by the customs and under the supervision of the customs for the storage of goods that have obtained export licenses or approval documents in accordance with regulations, have been bought out and settled foreign exchange, and have completed all export customs formalities with the customs. 5.8 cargo under custom's supervision cargo under custom's supervision import, export, transit, transshipment, customs clearance goods subject to customs inspection within the scope of customs approval, as well as bonded goods and other inbound and outbound goods that have not yet completed customs formalities.
5.9 chill space
an area of the warehouse, where the temperature is kept within the range of 0℃～10℃. 5.10 freeze space
an area of the warehouse, where the temperature is kept below 0℃C. 5.11 humidity controlled space humidity controlled space the warehouse is equipped with humidity modulation equipment to make the internal humidity adjustable. 2 temperature controlled space temperature controlled space 5.12
the warehouse area where the temperature can be adjusted within a certain range according to needs. 5.13 receiving space receiving space
the area where the goods are checked and prepared before entering the warehouse. 5.14 shipping space shipping space
the area where the goods are concentrated for transportation.
5.15 Goodsshed
A simple building for storing certain items, usually without or with only partial walls. 5.16 Goodsyard
An open space for storing certain items. 5.17 Goodsshelf
A facility for storing goods in a three-dimensional manner using brackets, partitions or brackets. 5.18 Pallet
A horizontal platform device for placing goods and products as unit loads for containerization, stacking, handling and transportation. [4.27 in GB/T4122.1—1996]
5.19 Forklift truck
A transport vehicle with various forks that can lift and move goods and load and unload goods. 5.20 Conveyor
A machine for continuously transporting goods.
Automatic guided vehicle (AGV) 5.21
A trackless transport vehicle that can automatically drive to a designated location. 6
Box car
GB/T18354—2001
In addition to having all the mechanical properties of an ordinary car, it must also have a fully enclosed box-type body and doors that are convenient for loading and unloading operations. 5.23Container
A type of transport equipment that should meet the following requirements: a) It has sufficient strength and can be used repeatedly for a long time; b) It is suitable for transportation by one or more modes of transportation, and the goods in the box do not need to be reloaded during transshipment; c) It has a device for rapid loading and unloading and handling, which is particularly convenient for transferring from one mode of transportation to another; d) It is easy to fill and unload goods;
e) It has a volume of 1m and above.
The term container does not include vehicles and general packaging. [GB/T1992-1985 1.1] 5.24 Twenty-feet equivalent unit (TEU) is also called standard box. Twenty-feet equivalent unit (TEU) uses 20-foot container as the conversion unit. [GB/T17271-1998 3.2.4.8]
5.25 Special cargo container specific cargo container The general term for containers used to transport special goods. [GB/T4122.1-1996 2.2.2]] 5.26 Full container ship Full container ship A ship with fixed or movable grid structures in the cabin, and fastening devices for fixing containers on the hatch cover and deck to facilitate container operation and positioning. [3.1.1.1 in GB/T17271-1998] Railway container yard railwaycontaineryard 5.27
A place for container transportation, delivery, loading and unloading, storage, loading and unloading, door-to-door operations, and organizing container trains. [3.1.3.6 in GB/T17271-1998]
Inland container depot 5.28
A place for container transshipment and door-to-door transportation, and for unpacking, packing, warehousing, receiving, delivering, loading and unloading, and stacking of container goods. [3.1.3.9 in GB/T17271-1998]] 5.29 Container freight station containerfreightstation (CFS) A place for unpacking, packing, and handling of LCL goods. 5.30 Container terminal containerterminal A terminal dedicated to berthing container ships and loading and unloading containers. [3.1.2.2 in GB/T17271-1998] 5.31 International through railway transport International through railway transport is a continuous mode of transport in which a transnational railway carrier handles the entire transport of goods on two or more railways and assumes the responsibility for the transport using a unified international through railway transport bill. International multimodal transport International multimodal transport 5.32
Cargo transport in which a multimodal transport operator transports goods from a takeover location in one country to a designated delivery location in another country in accordance with a multimodal transport contract using at least two different modes of transport. 5.33 Continental bridge transport Jandbridge transport is a continuous mode of transport that uses a transcontinental railway or highway as an intermediate bridge to connect the ocean transport at both ends of the continent. 5.34 Liner transport Liner transport
Water transport on a fixed route, in a predetermined order of ports, according to a pre-announced schedule. 5.35 Shipping by chartering A mode of transport in which the charterer leases a ship from the shipowner for the transportation of goods according to the agreement and pays the shipowner the freight or rent according to the agreed freight rate.
5.36 Shipping agency
According to the entrustment of the carrier, it handles business activities related to the entry and exit of ships. GB/T18354-2001
5.37 International freight forwarding agent An economic organization that accepts the entrustment of the consignee or consignor of import and export goods, handles international cargo transportation and related business for the entruster in the name of the entruster or in its own name, and collects labor remuneration. 5.38 Tally
During the loading and unloading of goods, the work of tallying (counting), measuring, checking for defects, guiding loading and stowage, checking marks, checking packaging, dividing tickets, dividing marks and on-site visas are carried out in accordance with the cargo transportation documents. International cargo insurance international transportation cargo insurance 5.39
In international trade, insurance with goods in international transportation as the subject of insurance, in order to obtain compensation for property losses caused by natural disasters and accidents.
5.40 customs declaration
The whole process of the consignee or consignor of imported or exported goods or their agents going through the entry and exit formalities with the customs. 5.41 customs broker
An enterprise that specializes in handling entry and exit customs declaration business. 5.42 commodity inspection commodity inspection Determine the quality, specifications, weight, quantity, packaging, safety performance, hygiene indicators, shipping technology and shipping conditions of imported and exported commodities, and conduct inspection and appraisal to determine whether they are consistent with the trade contract, relevant standards, and whether they comply with the relevant laws and administrative regulations of the importing and exporting countries. Referred to as "commodity inspection". 6 Logistics Management Termswww.bzxz.net
6.1 Logistics Strategy logisticsstrategy Long-term and overall planning and strategy formulated for the development goals of logistics and the ways and means to achieve the goals in order to seek sustainable development of logistics.
6.2 Logistics Strategy Management logistics strategymanagement The process of logistics organization implementing and controlling the logistics strategy that has been formulated. 6.3 Warehouse Management warehousemanagement Activities to plan and control inventory items, warehouse facilities and their layout. 6.4 Warehouse Layout warehouse layout
Scientific planning and overall design of the number, scale, geographical location, warehouse facilities, roads and other elements of warehouses in a certain area or warehouse area.
6.5 Inventory Control inventorycontrol
Technical and economic measures for effective management to minimize the number of inventory items under the premise of ensuring supply. Economic Order Quantity economicorderquantity (EOQ) 6.6
By balancing the purchase cost and storage cost accounting, the optimal order quantity with the lowest total inventory cost is achieved. Fixed-quantity system (FQS) 6.7
When the inventory quantity drops to the predetermined minimum inventory quantity (order point), an inventory management method is used to order and replenish the specified quantity (generally based on the economic order quantity). 6.8 Fixed-interval system (FIS) An inventory management method that orders and replenishes according to the predetermined order interval. 6.9ABC classification management ABC classification divides inventory items into three levels according to their variety and the amount of funds occupied: particularly important inventory (Class A), generally important inventory (Class B) and unimportant inventory (Class C), and then manages and controls them separately for different levels. 6.10 Electronic order system Electronic order system (EOS) A system in which different organizations use communication networks and terminal equipment to conduct ordering operations and exchange ordering information in an online manner. 6.11 Just in Time (JIT)
GB/T18354—2001
A management model that aims to eliminate all ineffective operations and waste by accurately planning according to orders under the premise of accurately measuring the operating efficiency of each process link of production.
2 Just-in-time logistics 6.12
A modern logistics method based on the JIT management concept. 6.13
3 Zero-inventory technology Zero-inventory technology The general term for technologies that organize material supply in accordance with JIT in the production and circulation fields to minimize the inventory of the entire process. 6.14 Logistics cost control Logistics cost control The planning, coordination and control of logistics-related expenses. 6.15 Material requirements planning (MRP) A material planning management model within an industrial manufacturing enterprise. According to the subordinate and quantity relationship of items at each level of the product structure, each item is taken as the planning object, and the completion date is used as the time basis for reverse planning. The order of the planning time of each item is distinguished according to the length of the lead time.
6.16 Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP1) Starting from the perspective of overall optimization, using scientific methods, the various manufacturing resources of the enterprise and all aspects of the enterprise's production and operation are reasonably and effectively planned, organized, controlled and coordinated, so as to achieve continuous and balanced production, minimize the inventory of various items, and thus improve the economic benefits of the enterprise. 6.17 Distribution requirements planning (DRP) is a planning method that ensures that market needs are effectively met while minimizing the cost of logistics resource allocation. It is the application of MRP principles and methods in goods distribution.
6.18 Distribution resource planning (DRPI) is a management model for the goods distribution plan system within an enterprise. It is to improve the logistics capabilities of each link on the basis of DRP to achieve the purpose of optimizing system operation.
6.19 Logistics resource planning (LRP) is a material resource optimization allocation method formed by integrating manufacturing resource planning, capacity resource planning, distribution requirements planning and functional planning, taking logistics as the basic means, breaking the boundaries between production and flow channels. 6.20 Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is based on MRPI, through the feedforward logistics and feedback information flow and capital flow, it integrates customer needs with the production and operation activities within the enterprise and the resources of suppliers, reflecting a new management method of operating and managing completely according to user needs.
6.21 Supply Supply chain management (SCM) uses computer network technology to comprehensively plan the business flow, logistics flow, information flow, capital flow, etc. in the supply chain, and to plan, organize, coordinate and control them.
6.22 Quick response (QR) In the face of a buyer's market with multiple varieties and small batches, logistics companies do not reserve "products" but prepare various "elements". When users make requests, they can extract "elements" at the fastest speed and "assemble" them in time to provide the required services or products. 6.23 Efficient customer response (ECR) A supply chain management strategy that optimizes the supply of goods or service processes by responding accurately and in a timely manner based on the principles of meeting customer requirements and minimizing logistics process costs. 6.24 Continuous replenishment program (CRP) A planning method that uses timely and accurate sales point information to determine the number of goods sold, and determines the delivery replenishment quantity and delivery time based on the inventory information of retailers or wholesalers and the pre-defined inventory replenishment procedures. 6.25 Computer-assisted ordering (CAO) 925 Computer Assisted Ordering (CAO) 925 Computer Assisted Ordering (CAO) 936 Shipping agency shipping agency
According to the entrustment of the carrier, it handles the business activities related to the entry and exit of ships. GB/T18354-2001
5.37 International freight forwarding agent international freight forwarding agent An economic organization that accepts the entrustment of the consignee or consignor of import and export goods, handles international cargo transportation and related business for the entruster in the name of the entruster or itself, and collects labor remuneration. 5.38 Tally
In the loading and unloading of goods, the work of tallying (counting), measuring, checking for defects, guiding loading and stowage, checking marks, checking packaging, dividing tickets, dividing marks and on-site visas are carried out in accordance with the cargo transportation documents. International transportation cargo insurance international transportation cargo insurance 5.39
In international trade, insurance with goods in international transportation as the subject of insurance is used to obtain compensation for property losses caused by natural disasters and accidents.
5.40Customs declaration
The whole process of the consignee or consignor of imported or exported goods or their agents going through the entry and exit formalities with the customs. 5.41Customs broker
An enterprise that specializes in handling import and export declaration business. 5.42Commodity inspection of imported and exported goodsCommodity inspectionDetermine the quality, specifications, weight, quantity, packaging, safety performance, sanitation indicators and shipping technology and shipping conditions of imported and exported goods and conduct inspection and appraisal to determine whether they are consistent with the trade contract, relevant standards and regulations, and whether they comply with the relevant laws and administrative regulations of the importing and exporting countries. Referred to as "commodity inspection". 6Logistics management terms
6.1Logistics strategylogistics strategyA long-term, overall plan and strategy formulated for the development goals of logistics and the ways and means to achieve the goals in order to seek sustainable development of logistics.
6.2Logistics strategy managementlogistics strategy managementThe process of logistics organization implementing and controlling the formulated logistics strategy. 6.3 Warehouse management warehouse management activities to plan and control inventory items, warehouse facilities and their layout. 6.4 Warehouse layout warehouse layout
In a certain area or warehouse area, scientific planning and overall design of the number, scale, geographical location, warehouse facilities, roads and other elements of the warehouse.
6.5 Inventory control inventory control
Technical and economic measures for effective management to minimize the number of inventory items under the premise of ensuring supply. Economic order quantity economic order quantity (EOQ) 6.6
By balancing the purchase cost and storage cost accounting, the optimal order quantity with the lowest total inventory cost is achieved. Fixed-quantity system (FQS) 6.7
When the inventory drops to the predetermined minimum inventory quantity (order point), an inventory management method is used to order and replenish according to the specified quantity (generally based on the economic order quantity). 6.8 Fixed-interval system (FIS) is an inventory management method that orders and replenishes at predetermined order intervals. 6.9 ABC classification management ABC classification divides inventory items into three levels according to their types and the amount of funds occupied: particularly important inventory (class A), generally important inventory (class B) and unimportant inventory (class C), and then manages and controls them separately for different levels. 6.10 Electronic order system (EOS) is a system that uses communication networks and terminal equipment to conduct order operations and exchange order information in an online manner between different organizations. 6.11 Just in time (JIT)
GB/T18354—2001
A management model that aims to eliminate all ineffective operations and waste by accurately planning according to orders under the premise of accurately measuring the operating efficiency of each process link of production.
2 Just-in-time logistics 6.12
A modern logistics method based on the JIT management concept. 6.13
3 Zero-inventory technology Zero-inventory technology is a general term for technologies that organize material supply in accordance with JIT in the field of production and circulation to minimize the inventory of the entire process. 6.14 Logistics cost control Logistics cost control The planning, coordination and control of logistics-related costs. 6.15 Material requirements planning (MRP) A material planning management model within an industrial manufacturing enterprise. According to the subordinate and quantity relationship of items at each level of the product structure, each item is taken as the planning object, and the plan is reversed based on the completion date. The order of the time for issuing the plan for each item is distinguished according to the length of the lead time.
6.16 Manufacturing resource planning (MRP1) Starting from the perspective of overall optimization, using scientific methods, the various manufacturing resources of the enterprise and all aspects of the enterprise's production and operation are reasonably and effectively planned, organized, controlled and coordinated, so as to achieve continuous and balanced production and minimize the inventory of various items, thereby improving the economic benefits of the enterprise. 6.17 Distribution requirements planning (DRP) is a planning method that ensures that market needs are effectively met while minimizing the cost of logistics resource allocation. It is the application of MRP principles and methods in goods distribution.
6.18 Distribution resource planning (DRPI) is a management model for the goods distribution plan system within an enterprise. It is to improve the logistics capabilities of each link on the basis of DRP to achieve the purpose of optimizing system operation.
6.19 Logistics resource planning (LRP) is a material resource optimization allocation method formed by integrating manufacturing resource planning, capacity resource planning, distribution requirements planning and functional planning, taking logistics as the basic means, breaking the boundaries between production and flow channels. 6.20 Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is based on MRPI, through the feedforward logistics and feedback information flow and capital flow, it integrates customer needs with the production and operation activities within the enterprise and the resources of suppliers, reflecting a new management method of operating and managing completely according to user needs.
6.21 Supply Supply chain management (SCM) uses computer network technology to comprehensively plan the business flow, logistics flow, information flow, capital flow, etc. in the supply chain, and to plan, organize, coordinate and control them.
6.22 Quick response (QR) In the face of a buyer's market with multiple varieties and small batches, logistics companies do not reserve "products" but prepare various "elements". When users make requests, they can extract "elements" at the fastest speed and "assemble" them in time to provide the required services or products. 6.23 Efficient customer response (ECR) A supply chain management strategy that optimizes the supply of goods or service processes by responding accurately and in a timely manner based on the principles of meeting customer requirements and minimizing logistics process costs. 6.24 Continuous replenishment program (CRP) A planning method that uses timely and accurate sales point information to determine the number of goods sold, and determines the delivery replenishment quantity and delivery time based on the inventory information of retailers or wholesalers and the pre-defined inventory replenishment procedures. 6.25 Computer-assisted ordering (CAO) 936 Shipping agency shipping agency
According to the entrustment of the carrier, it handles the business activities related to the entry and exit of ships. GB/T18354-2001
5.37 International freight forwarding agent international freight forwarding agent An economic organization that accepts the entrustment of the consignee or consignor of import and export goods, handles international cargo transportation and related business for the entruster in the name of the entruster or itself, and collects labor remuneration. 5.38 Tally
In the loading and unloading of goods, the work of tallying (counting), measuring, checking for defects, guiding loading and stowage, checking marks, checking packaging, dividing tickets, dividing marks and on-site visas are carried out in accordance with the cargo transportation documents. International transportation cargo insurance international transportation cargo insurance 5.39
In international trade, insurance with goods in international transportation as the subject of insurance is used to obtain compensation for property losses caused by natural disasters and accidents.
5.40Customs declaration
The whole process of the consignee or consignor of imported or exported goods or their agents going through the entry and exit formalities with the customs. 5.41Customs broker
An enterprise that specializes in handling import and export declaration business. 5.42Commodity inspection of imported and exported goodsCommodity inspectionDetermine the quality, specifications, weight, quantity, packaging, safety performance, sanitation indicators and shipping technology and shipping conditions of imported and exported goods and conduct inspection and appraisal to determine whether they are consistent with the trade contract, relevant standards and regulations, and whether they comply with the relevant laws and administrative regulations of the importing and exporting countries. Referred to as "commodity inspection". 6Logistics management terms
6.1Logistics strategylogistics strategyA long-term, overall plan and strategy formulated for the development goals of logistics and the ways and means to achieve the goals in order to seek sustainable development of logistics.
6.2Logistics strategy managementlogistics strategy managementThe process of logistics organization implementing and controlling the formulated logistics strategy. 6.3 Warehouse management warehouse management activities to plan and control inventory items, warehouse facilities and their layout. 6.4 Warehouse layout warehouse layout
In a certain area or warehouse area, scientific planning and overall design of the number, scale, geographical location, warehouse facilities, roads and other elements of the warehouse.
6.5 Inventory control inventory control
Technical and economic measures for effective management to minimize the number of inventory items under the premise of ensuring supply. Economic order quantity economic order quantity (EOQ) 6.6
By balancing the purchase cost and storage cost accounting, the optimal order quantity with the lowest total inventory cost is achieved. Fixed-quantity system (FQS) 6.7
When the inventory drops to the predetermined minimum inventory quantity (order point), an inventory management method is used to order and replenish according to the specified quantity (generally based on the economic order quantity). 6.8 Fixed-interval system (FIS) is an inventory management method that orders and replenishes at predetermined order intervals. 6.9 ABC classification management ABC classification divides inventory items into three levels according to their types and the amount of funds occupied: particularly important inventory (class A), generally important inventory (class B) and unimportant inventory (class C), and then manages and controls them separately for different levels. 6.10 Electronic order system (EOS) is a system that uses communication networks and terminal equipment to conduct order operations and exchange order information in an online manner between different organizations. 6.11 Just in time (JIT)
GB/T18354—2001
A management model that aims to eliminate all ineffective operations and waste by accurately planning according to orders under the premise of accurately measuring the operating efficiency of each process link of production.
2 Just-in-time logistics 6.12
A modern logistics method based on the JIT management concept. 6.13
3 Zero-inventory technology Zero-inventory technology is a general term for technologies that organize material supply in accordance with JIT in the field of production and circulation to minimize the inventory of the entire process. 6.14 Logistics cost control Logistics cost control The planning, coordination and control of logistics-related costs. 6.15 Material requirements planning (MRP) A material planning management model within an industrial manufacturing enterprise. According to the subordinate and quantity relationship of items at each level of the product structure, each item is taken as the planning object, and the plan is reversed based on the completion date. The order of the time for issuing the plan for each item is distinguished according to the length of the lead time.
6.16 Manufacturing resource planning (MRP1) Starting from the perspective of overall optimization, using scientific methods, the various manufacturing resources of the enterprise and all aspects of the enterprise's production and operation are reasonably and effectively planned, organized, controlled and coordinated, so as to achieve continuous and balanced production and minimize the inventory of various items, thereby improving the economic benefits of the enterprise. 6.17 Distribution requirements planning (DRP) is a planning method that ensures that market needs are effectively met while minimizing the cost of logistics resource allocation. It is the application of MRP principles and methods in goods distribution.
6.18 Distribution resource planning (DRPI) is a management model for the goods distribution plan system within an enterprise. It is to improve the logistics capabilities of each link on the basis of DRP to achieve the purpose of optimizing system operation.
6.19 Logistics resource planning (LRP) is a material resource optimization allocation method formed by integrating manufacturing resource planning, capacity resource planning, distribution requirements planning and functional planning, taking logistics as the basic means, breaking the boundaries between production and flow channels. 6.20 Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is based on MRPI, through the feedforward logistics and feedback information flow and capital flow, it integrates customer needs with the production and operation activities within the enterprise and the resources of suppliers, reflecting a new management method of operating and managing completely according to user needs.
6.21 Supply Supply chain management (SCM) uses computer network technology to comprehensively plan the business flow, logistics flow, information flow, capital flow, etc. in the supply chain, and to plan, organize, coordinate and control them.
6.22 Quick response (QR) In the face of a buyer's market with multiple varieties and small batches, logistics companies do not reserve "products" but prepare various "elements". When users make requests, they can extract "elements" at the fastest speed and "assemble" them in time to provide the required services or products. 6.23 Efficient customer response (ECR) A supply chain management strategy that optimizes the supply of goods or service processes by responding accurately and in a timely manner based on the principles of meeting customer requirements and minimizing logistics process costs. 6.24 Continuous replenishment program (CRP) A planning method that uses timely and accurate sales point information to determine the number of goods sold, and determines the delivery replenishment quantity and delivery time based on the inventory information of retailers or wholesalers and the pre-defined inventory replenishment procedures. 6.25 Computer-assisted ordering (CAO) 937International freight forwarding agent is an economic organization that accepts the entrustment of the consignee or consignor of import and export goods, handles international cargo transportation and related business for the consignor in the name of the consignor or consignor, and collects labor remuneration. 5.38Tally
In the process of loading and unloading goods, the work of tallying (counting), measuring, checking for defects, guiding loading and stowage, checking marks, checking packaging, dividing tickets, dividing marks and on-site visas are carried out in accordance with the cargo transportation documents. International transportation cargo insurance5.39
In international trade, insurance with goods in international transportation as the subject of insurance is used to obtain compensation for property losses caused by natural disasters and accidents.
5.40Customs declaration
The whole process of the consignee or consignor of import and export goods or their agents going through the entry and exit formalities with the customs. 5.41Customs broker
An enterprise that specializes in handling entry and exit customs declaration business. 5.42 Import and export commodity inspection commodity inspection Determine the quality, specifications, weight, quantity, packaging, safety performance, health indicators and shipping technology and shipping conditions of import and export commodities, and conduct inspection and appraisal to determine whether they are consistent with the trade contract, relevant standards and regulations, and whether they comply with the relevant laws and administrative regulations of the importing and exporting countries. Referred to as "commodity inspection". 6 Logistics management terms
6.1 Logistics strategy logistics strategy long-term and overall planning and strategy formulated for the development goals of logistics and the ways and means to achieve the goals in order to seek sustainable development of logistics.
6.2 Logistics strategy management logistics strategy management The process of logistics organization implementing and controlling the formulated logistics strategy. 6.3 Warehouse management warehouse management The activities of planning and controlling inventory items, warehouse facilities and their layout. 6.4 Warehouse layout warehouse layout
In a certain area or warehouse area, scientific planning and overall design of the number, scale, geographical location, warehouse facilities, roads and other elements of warehouses.
6.5 Inventory controlinventorycontrol
Technical and economic measures for effective management to minimize the number of inventory items under the premise of ensuring supply. Economic order quantityeconomicorderquantity（EOQ）6.6
By balancing the purchase cost and storage cost accounting, the optimal order quantity with the lowest total inventory cost is achieved. Fixed-quantity system（FQS）6.7
When the inventory quantity drops to the predetermined minimum inventory quantity (order point), a method of inventory management is carried out according to the specified quantity (generally based on the economic order quantity) for replenishment. 6.8 Fixed-interval system（FIS）A method of inventory management that replenishes orders according to the predetermined order interval. 6.9ABC classification managementABC classification divides inventory items into three levels according to their types and the amount of funds occupied: particularly important inventory (class A), generally important inventory (class B) and unimportant inventory (class C), and then manages and controls them according to different levels. 6.10 Electronic order system (EOS) A system in which different organizations use communication networks and terminal equipment to conduct ordering operations and exchange ordering information in an online manner. 6.11 Just in time (JIT)
GB/T18354—2001
A management model that aims to eliminate all ineffective operations and waste by accurately planning according to orders under the premise of accurately measuring the operating efficiency of each process link of production.
2 Just-in-time logistics 6.12
A modern logistics method based on the JIT management concept. 6.13
3 Zero-inventory technology A general term for technologies that organize material supply according to JIT in the production and circulation fields to minimize the inventory of the entire process. 6.14 Logistics cost management logistics cost control The planning, coordination and control of logistics-related expenses. 6.15 Material requirements planning (MRP) is a material planning management model within an industrial manufacturing enterprise. According to the subordinate and quantity relationship of items at each level of the product structure, each item is taken as the planning object, and the completion date is used as the time basis for reverse planning. The order of the planning time for each item is distinguished according to the length of the lead time.
6.16 Manufacturing resource planning (MRP1) Starting from the perspective of overall optimization, using scientific methods, the various manufacturing resources of the enterprise and all aspects of the enterprise's production and operation are reasonably and effectively planned, organized, controlled and coordinated, so as to achieve continuous and balanced production, minimize the inventory of various items, and thus improve the economic benefits of the enterprise. 6.17 Distribution requirements planning (DRP) is a planning method that ensures that market needs are effectively met while minimizing the cost of logistics resource allocation. It is the application of MRP principles and methods in goods distribution.
6.18 Distribution resource planning (DRPI) is a management model for the goods distribution plan system within an enterprise. It is to improve the logistics capabilities of each link on the basis of DRP to achieve the purpose of optimizing system operation.
6.19 Logistics resource planning (LRP) is a material resource optimization allocation method formed by integrating manufacturing resource planning, capacity resource planning, distribution requirements planning and functional planning, taking logistics as the basic means, breaking the boundaries between production and flow channels. 6.20 Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is based on MRPI, through the feedforward logistics and feedback information flow and capital flow, it integrates customer needs with the production and operation activities within the enterprise and the resources of suppliers, reflecting a new management method of operating and managing completely according to user needs.
6.21 Supply Supply chain management (SCM) uses computer network technology to comprehensively plan the business flow, logistics flow, information flow, capital flow, etc. in the supply chain, and to plan, organize, coordinate and control them.
6.22 Quick response (QR) In the face of a buyer's market with multiple varieties and small batches, logistics companies do not reserve "products" but prepare various "elements". When users make requests, they can extract "elements" at the fastest speed and "assemble" them in time to provide the required services or products. 6.23 Efficient customer response (ECR) A supply chain management strategy that optimizes the supply of goods or service processes by responding accurately and in a timely manner based on the principles of meeting customer requirements and minimizing logistics process costs. 6.24 Continuous replenishment program (CRP) A planning method that uses timely and accurate sales point information to determine the number of goods sold, and determines the delivery replenishment quantity and delivery time based on the inventory information of retailers or wholesalers and the pre-defined inventory replenishment procedures. 6.25 Computer-assisted ordering (CAO) 937International freight forwarding agent is an economic organization that accepts the entrustment of the consignee or consignor of import and export goods, handles international cargo transportation and related business for the consignor in the name of the consignor or consignor, and collects labor remuneration. 5.38Tally
In the process of loading and unloading goods, the work of tallying (counting), measuring, checking for defects, guiding loading and stowage, checking marks, checking packaging, dividing tickets, dividing marks and on-site visas are carried out in accordance with the cargo transportation documents. International transportation cargo insurance5.39
In international trade, insurance with goods in international transportation as the subject of insurance is used to obtain compensation for property losses caused by natural disasters and accidents.
5.40Customs declaration
The whole process of the consignee or consignor of import and export goods or their agents going through the entry and exit formalities with the customs. 5.41Customs broker
An enterprise that specializes in handling entry and exit customs declaration business. 5.42 Import and export commodity inspection commodity inspection Determine the quality, specifications, weight, quantity, packaging, safety performance, health indicators and shipping technology and shipping conditions of import and export commodities, and conduct inspection and appraisal to determine whether they are consistent with the trade contract, relevant standards and regulations, and whether they comply with the relevant laws and administrative regulations of the importing and exporting countries. Referred to as "commodity inspection". 6 Logistics management terms
6.1 Logistics strategy logistics strategy long-term and overall planning and strategy formulated for the development goals of logistics and the ways and means to achieve the goals in order to seek sustainable development of logistics.
6.2 Logistics strategy management logistics strategy management The process of logistics organization implementing and controlling the formulated logistics strategy. 6.3 Warehouse management warehouse management The activities of planning and controlling inventory items, warehouse facilities and their layout. 6.4 Warehouse layout warehouse layout
In a certain area or warehouse area, scientific planning and overall design of the number, scale, geographical location, warehouse facilities, roads and other elements of warehouses.
6.5 Inventory controlinventorycontrol
Technical and economic measures for effective management to minimize the number of inventory items under the premise of ensuring supply. Economic order quantityeconomicorderquantity（EOQ）6.6
By balancing the purchase cost and storage cost accounting, the optimal order quantity with the lowest total inventory cost is achieved. Fixed-quantity system（FQS）6.7
When the inventory quantity drops to the predetermined minimum inventory quantity (order point), a method of inventory management is carried out according to the specified quantity (generally based on the economic order quantity) for replenishment. 6.8 Fixed-interval system（FIS）A method of inventory management that replenishes orders according to the predetermined order interval. 6.9ABC classification managementABC classification divides inventory items into three levels according to their types and the amount of funds occupied: particularly important inventory (class A), generally important inventory (class B) and unimportant inventory (class C), and then manages and controls them according to different levels. 6.10 Electronic order system (EOS) A system in which different organizations use communication networks and terminal equipment to conduct ordering operations and exchange ordering information in an online manner. 6.11 Just in time (JIT)
GB/T18354—2001
A management model that aims to eliminate all ineffective operations and waste by accurately planning according to orders under the premise of accurately measuring the operating efficiency of each process link of production.
2 Just-in-time logistics 6.12
A modern logistics method based on the JIT management concept. 6.13
3 Zero-inventory technology A general term for technologies that organize material supply according to JIT in the production and circulation fields to minimize the inventory of the entire process. 6.14 Logistics cost management logistics cost control The planning, coordination and control of logistics-related expenses. 6.15 Material requirements planning (MRP) is a material planning management model within an industrial manufacturing enterprise. According to the subordinate and quantity relationship of items at each level of the product structure, each item is taken as the planning object, and the completion date is used as the time basis for reverse planning. The order of the planning time for each item is distinguished according to the length of the lead time.
6.16 Manufacturing resource planning (MRP1) Starting from the perspective of overall optimization, using scientific methods, the various manufacturing resources of the enterprise and all aspects of the enterprise's production and operation are reasonably and effectively planned, organized, controlled and coordinated, so as to achieve continuous and balanced production, minimize the inventory of various items, and thus improve the economic benefits of the enterprise. 6.17 Distribution requirements planning (DRP) is a planning method that ensures that market needs are effectively met while minimizing the cost of logistics resource allocation. It is the application of MRP principles and methods in goods distribution.
6.18 Distribution resource planning (DRPI) is a management model for the goods distribution plan system within an enterprise. It is to improve the logistics capabilities of each link on the basis of DRP to achieve the purpose of optimizing system operation.
6.19 Logistics resource planning (LRP) is a material resource optimization allocation method formed by integrating manufacturing resource planning, capacity resource planning, distribution requirements planning and functional planning, taking logistics as the basic means, breaking the boundaries between production and flow channels. 6.20 Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is based on MRPI, through the feedforward logistics and feedback information flow and capital flow, it integrates customer needs with the production and operation activities within the enterprise and the resources of suppliers, reflecting a new management method of operating and managing completely according to user needs.
6.21 Supply Supply chain management (SCM) uses computer network technology to comprehensively plan the business flow, logistics flow, information flow, capital flow, etc. in the supply chain, and to plan, organize, coordinate and control them.
6.22 Quick response (QR) In the face of a buyer's market with multiple varieties and small batches, logistics companies do not reserve "products" but prepare various "elements". When users make requests, they can extract "elements" at the fastest speed and "assemble" them in time to provide the required services or products. 6.23 Efficient customer response (ECR) A supply chain management strategy that optimizes the supply of goods or service processes by responding accurately and in a timely manner based on the principles of meeting customer requirements and minimizing logistics process costs. 6.24 Continuous replenishment program (CRP) A planning method that uses timely and accurate sales point information to determine the number of goods sold, and determines the delivery replenishment quantity and delivery time based on the inventory information of retailers or wholesalers and the pre-defined inventory replenishment procedures. 6.25 Computer-assisted ordering (CAO) 940Customs declaration
The whole process of the consignee or consignor of imported or exported goods or their agents going through the entry and exit formalities with the customs. 5.41Customs broker
An enterprise that specializes in handling import and export declaration business. 5.42Commodity inspection of imported and exported goodsCommodity inspectionDetermine the
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