Some standard content:
ICS01.020
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T19103-—2003
General lexicographical principles and methods2003-05-14Promulgated
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
2003-12-01Implementation
1Scope
2Normative references
Terms and definitions
Procedure for compiling dictionaries
Structural elements of dictionaries
GB/T19103—2003
The relevant rules specified in this standard involve the compilation of various dictionaries. This standard was proposed by the National Research Committee on Terminology Standardization. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Terminology Standardization. GB/T19103—2003
This standard was drafted by the China Standards Research Center, the Mongolian Terminology Committee of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and other units. The main drafters of this standard are Yu Xinli, Hu Zhongwen, Da Bater, Lu Lili, Xiao Yujing, Song Min, Ye Sheng and Cheng Yonghong. m
1 Scope
General principles and methods for dictionary compilation
This standard specifies the dictionary compilation procedure and dictionary structure elements. This standard is applicable to the compilation of general dictionaries and can also be used as a reference for the compilation of other reference books. 2 Normative references
GB/T19103—2003
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For all dated referenced documents, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, parties who reach an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study and use the latest versions of these documents. For any undated referenced documents, the latest version shall apply to this standard. GB/T11617-2000 Dictionary and encyclopedia symbols (neqISO1951:1997) GB/T15237.1-2000 Vocabulary for terminology work Part 1: Theory and application (egvISO1087-1:2000) GB/T15238-2000 Dictionary and encyclopedia basic terms 3 Terms and definitions
This standard refers to and uses the terms and definitions in GB/T11617-2000, GB/T15237.1-2000 and GB/T15238-2000.
Dictionary and encyclopedia is a reference book that is arranged and retrieved in a certain way with entries as units. It is a general term for dictionaries, encyclopedias and encyclopedias. 3.2
encyclop(a)ediaarticle;entry is a whole consisting of two parts: the heading (prefix) and the corresponding explanation. 3.3
formatguideline
the basic principles and fixed format of dictionary compilation. 3.4
index
the part of the dictionary that indicates the location of headings (prefixes), diagrams and implicit topics, and arranges them in a certain way for users to check.
phonetic transcription
the pronunciation of headings (prefixes) is marked with agreed symbols or methods. 3.6
definition and explainingparagraph is the entire explanation of headings (prefixes). 3.7
illustrativeexample
the example or basis that proves the meaning, usage, origin, etc. of headings (prefixes). GB/T19103-2003
Concept system conceptsystem
A collection of structured concepts established based on the relationship between concepts. 4 Dictionary compilation procedures
Dictionary compilation is a professional work, which generally includes the procedures of establishing the topic, formulating the compilation plan, organizing the work, designing the format, collecting information, receipts, writing entries, arranging entries, compiling indexes, compiling appendices, special inspections, and unified drafts. Computer technology should be used in the whole process of dictionary compilation. 4.1 Establishing the topic
The establishment of the topic should be based on the study of existing dictionaries and the history of dictionaries, with social needs, academic value, cultural accumulation and service objects as the premise, clarifying the service objects and the purpose of compilation, and making it scientific, practical and innovative. 4.1.1 Determining the scale
The scale of the dictionary should be determined according to the compilation purpose, service objects and social needs. It is generally believed that: dictionaries with less than 1 million characters are small dictionaries; dictionaries with more than 1 million characters are medium-sized dictionaries; dictionaries with more than 5 million characters are large dictionaries. Some thematic and professional dictionaries with less than 5 million characters are also considered large dictionaries.
4.1.2 Determine the type
The type of dictionary should be determined according to the purpose of the compilation. From the perspective of the knowledge field involved, it can be divided into language dictionaries, specialized dictionaries, encyclopedia dictionaries and comprehensive dictionaries; from the perspective of the number of languages involved, it can be divided into monolingual dictionaries, bilingual dictionaries and multilingual dictionaries (including vocabulary compilations in the form of word lists without explanations); from the perspective of the type of media, it can be divided into paper-based dictionaries and electronic dictionaries; from the perspective of the form of expression, it can be divided into text dictionaries, diagram dictionaries and illustrated dictionaries.
Determine the name
The name of the dictionary should be concise in language, clear in theme and prominent in characteristics. It can reflect the following characteristics: a) Indicate the field to which the dictionary belongs;
b) Indicate the scale of the dictionary;
Reveal the connotation of the dictionary;
d) Explain the languages involved in the dictionary;
e) Explain the types of dictionary entries;
Explain the arrangement method of dictionary entries;
g) Indicate the service objects of the dictionary;
h) Explain the age of the dictionary receipt.
4.2 Formulate an editing plan
Formulating an editing plan is based on overall considerations, and comprehensively plans and arranges the dictionary editing work, involving various work plans from organizational work to unified manuscript after the topic is established. It is generally undertaken by the topic planner and organizer. 4.3 Organizational work
Organizational work includes forming an editing team, arranging work progress, etc. Organizational work is particularly important for large and medium-sized dictionaries. 4.3.1 Establishing an editorial team
The dictionary editing team must be pragmatic and capable. Generally, the chief editor needs to be determined. The editors should understand the purpose and scale of the dictionary, the languages and literature involved, master the knowledge of dictionary editing, and be familiar with computer editing systems, databases and corpora. In addition, the following conditions should be met:
a) have a rigorous academic style;
b) have a high level of professionalism;
e) have good writing skills and knowledge of language standards; d) have a good team spirit.
4.3.2 Arrange work progress
Generally includes the following contents:
a) work plan,
b) work procedures;
c) responsibilities and division of labor of the participants.
4.4 Design style
GB/T19103—2003
Design style refers to the formulation of basic principles and fixed formats for the compilation of traditional Chinese dictionaries. It precedes the compilation and is the basic work to standardize the compilation work, ensure the quality of the compilation, and ensure the progress of the compilation. The editors should strictly write entries in accordance with the established style and its details. 4.4.1 Ways to design style
Include the following ways:
B) formulated by the compilation agency;
C) formulated by the compilation agency and the publishing unit through consultation. 4.4.2 Drafting the style document
The style document should be drafted around the purpose of compilation. In addition to the overall requirements of density, thoroughness, specificity and balance, the following contents should also be considered: the scope and principles of the selection of headings (headers, word prefixes); a)
The classification of headings (headers, word prefixes);
The accompanying information of headings (headers, word prefixes); The principles and methods of arranging headings (headers, word prefixes); d)
The method of phonetic notation;
The use of abbreviations;
The use of symbols;
Explanation of text;
The types and principles of providing examples;
The principles for selecting charts and graphs, including the types of illustrations and appendices and the arrangement of inserts, etc. j)
Index instructions;
The principles for setting up appendices.
Soliciting opinions
Soliciting opinions on the dictionary format should be conducted within a certain scope. A solicitation form (form) can be printed to facilitate the comprehensive compilation and utilization of opinions.
4.4.4. Try to write a sample draft
Before the compilation work begins, a try to write a sample draft should be arranged. First, choose different types of headings (character and word headings) to write a draft, and then discuss and modify it as a sample for the compilation of the same type of entries. This is done to make the editors familiar with the style and relevant requirements, and implement them on specific entries, so as to unify understanding, coordinate work, avoid disagreements and rework; at the same time, it also helps to verify the style for modification and supplement. 4.4.5 Determine the style document
After drafting the style document, soliciting opinions, and trying to write a sample draft, modify and improve it, and determine the final style document. 4.5 Collect information
Information is the basis for compiling a dictionary. Collecting information is a necessary condition for compilation work, which is generally concentrated in the initial stage of dictionary compilation, but it must be continuously supplemented in the subsequent stages. The information should be adapted to the nature and scale of the dictionary being compiled. 4.5.1 Data types generally include the following: a) written materials; b) spoken materials; GB/T19103--2003 c) graphic materials; d) audio-visual materials; e) digital materials. 4.5.2 Data collection methods generally include the following: a) blueprint collection; b) literature extraction; corpus retrieval; online search; statistical analysis; f) investigation and research; g) interviews and recordings. 4.6 Receipts According to certain principles, the scope, quantity and specific items of the headings (headers, word prefixes) are determined. 4.6.1 Collection Principles
The collection principles shall be stipulated according to the scientificity, practicality, standardization, systematization, and timeliness of the objects to be collected. Except for descriptive dictionaries, only one entry header (character header, word header) shall be used for indexing. Other variations and synonyms and near-synonyms can be handled by appropriate methods. 4.6.2 Collection Objects
Different types of dictionaries have different collection objects. Generally, they include the following: a) characters,
b) words;
c) fixed phrases;
d) fixed sentences;
e) special symbols:
4.6.3 Compilation of a general list of entry headers (character headers, word headers) Before the compilation work is fully launched, a general list of entry headers (character headers, word headers) arranged in a certain way shall generally be compiled. 4.7 Compilation of entries
The compilation of entries shall follow the format and relevant rules. 4.8 Arrangement of entries
Arrange entries in a certain order so that they can be searched as a whole. 4.8.1 Arrangement in phonetic order
Arrange according to the pronunciation of the entry head (character head, word head), such as according to the order of Chinese pinyin, the order of foreign letters, etc. 4.8.2 Arrangement in shape order
Arrange according to the shape characteristics of the entry head (character head, word head), such as according to the order of radicals, strokes, four-corner numbers, etc. 4.8.3 Arrangement in category order
Arrange according to the category of the meaning of the entry head (character head, word head), such as according to the subject classification, concept system, meaning group relationship, etc. 4.9 Compile index
Compile different types of indexes according to the purpose of compiling the dictionary and the service objects. Indexes can be divided into shape-sequence indexes (stroke indexes, radical indexes, four-corner number indexes), phonetic-sequence indexes (Pinyin indexes, alphabetical indexes), category-sequence indexes, as well as same-sequence indexes and different-sequence indexes, single-sequence indexes and multiple-sequence indexes. Large dictionaries should have subject indexes (content analysis indexes). Table indexes should be set up for table indexes for diagrams and illustrated dictionaries. Dictionaries involving many languages should have cross-references for each language. 4.10 Preparation of appendices
According to the purpose of dictionary compilation, certain contents should be compiled into appendices for readers to consult and search. 4.10.1 Contents of appendices
GB/T19103-—2003
The content of the appendix should be closely related to the nature of the dictionary. Different types of appendices can be set up for different dictionaries. Common appendices include the following:
a) Language and text materials;
Historical chronology;
Major events;
Maps:
Units of measurement;
Statistical data;
References;
Important names of people and places:
Names and terms;
Conversion tables;
Symbols:
4.10.2 Appendix form
Generally in the form of charts.
4.11 Special inspection
Special inspection is an important and indispensable link in the later stage of editing and comprehension work, and is generally carried out by special personnel. It includes special inspections of various aspects of the dictionary content, such as headings (headings of characters, prefixes of words), phonetic notations, interpretations or translations, examples, inserts, indexes, appendices, cross-entries, and reference systems, which can exhaustively solve a certain type of problem based on the format. 4.12 Manuscript Unification
Manuscript unification refers to the process of final synthesis and centralized processing of manuscripts that have been edited by different people. It is usually carried out by a dedicated person (such as the editor-in-chief). It requires that all manuscripts be consistent in form and content. After the manuscript unification work is completed, the dictionary can be finalized. 5 Structural elements of a dictionary
The structure of a dictionary includes macrostructure and microstructure. The various elements of the dictionary as a whole constitute the macrostructure, and the various key points of the entries constitute the microstructure.
5.1 Macrostructure
In addition to the main text, the macrostructure of a dictionary also includes a preface, a table of contents, an explanation of the compilation process, major issues of the dictionary, or an introduction and comment on the relevant dictionary and author, as well as an explanation of the revision status when reprinting or revising. Position: the beginning of the book.
Synonyms: preface, preface, preface, publishing instructions. 5.1.2 Table of Contents
Arranged in a certain order, for searching the location of the macro-structural elements of the dictionary. Location: After the preface, on a new page.
Synonyms: table of contents, catalog, general catalog.
5.1.3 Explanations
Refers to the description of the content, format and search method of the dictionary. The explanatory notes of the dictionary are of great significance to the readers' understanding of the content and search entries. The contents of 5
GB/T19103—2003
include the number of receipts, the scope of involvement, the arrangement method, the separation of meanings, the reference mark, various symbols, cited works, the principles of translation, the method of annotation, the use of historical chronology, the deadline of information, etc. Location: After the table of contents, on a new page.
5.1.4 Index
refers to the part of the dictionary that indicates the location of the headings (characters, word prefixes), diagrams, and implicit themes, and is arranged in a certain way for users to check.
Location: If there is one index, it is after the notes and before the main text, or after the main text and before the appendix. If there are several indexes, the main index is after the notes and before the main text, and the other indexes are after the main text and before the appendix. Synonyms: word index, word search table, word index, word index, search table. 5.1.5 Dictionary body
refers to the main body of the dictionary with entries arranged in a certain way (phonetic order, shape order, category order). Location: after the index and before the appendix, or after the notes and before the index. 5.1.6 Insert
refers to a single page with diagrams, photos, etc. interspersed in the dictionary. Location: generally within the main text of the dictionary.
Note: It is an optional element in the macro structure. 5.1.7Appendix
Refers to additional materials attached to the back of the dictionary, and the content is closely related to the nature of the dictionary. Position: before the postscript, or at the end of the book. Note: It is an optional element in the macro structure. 5.1.8Postscript
Refers to a short article that explains the editing and publishing process of the dictionary or reviews the dictionary and the author. The content of the postscript should be simpler than the preface, and it should be divided from the preface.
Position: at the end of the book.
Note: It is an optional element in the macro structure. Synonyms: postscript, postscript, postscript.
5.2Microstructure
Microstructure includes headings (headwords, word prefixes), phonetic notation, word class notes, professional notes, register notes, rhetorical notes, interpretation, translation, examples, example sources, illustrations, information boxes, annotations, symbols, synonyms, antonyms, reference systems, etc. 5.2.1 Heading (prefix)
refers to setting up headings (prefixes) according to the draft headings (prefixes) master list. Position: At the beginning of the entry, at the top of the page.
5.2.2 Phonetic notation
refers to marking the pronunciation of headings (prefixes) with agreed symbols or methods. Position: For monophonic items, after the heading (prefix) and before the meaning, leave one character blank. For polyphonic items, the first sound item is after the heading (prefix) and before the meaning, leave one character blank; other sound items can be processed according to the style requirements. Note: It is an optional element in the microstructure. 5.2.3 Word class notes
Indicates the grammatical classification of the heading (prefix, word prefix). Position: After the phonetic notation and before the definition. If the phonetic notation element is not set, it should be after the heading (prefix, word prefix) and before the definition. One character can be left blank. Placed in the word class note symbol.
Note: It is an optional element in the microstructure. 5.2.4 Professional notes
Indicates the classification of the heading (prefix, word prefix) in the discipline and professional field. GB/T19103—2003
Position: After the word class notes and before the definition. If the phonetic notation and word class notes elements are not set, it should be after the heading (prefix, word prefix) and before the definition. One character can be left blank. Placed in the professional note symbol. Note: It is an optional element in the microstructure. Synonym: subject field notes.
5.2.5Register Note
Indicates the classification of headings (prefixes) in a specific social environment. Position: After professional notes and before interpretation. If there are no phonetic notes, word class notes, professional notes and other elements, it should be after the heading (prefixes) and before interpretation. One character can be left blank. It is placed in the register note symbol. Note: It is an optional element in the microstructure. 5.2.6Rhetorical Note
Indicates the classification of headings (prefixes) in the rhetorical realm. Position: After register notes and before interpretation. If there are no phonetic notes, word class notes, professional notes, register notes and other elements, it should be after the heading (prefixes) and before interpretation. One character can be left blank. It is placed in the rhetorical note symbol. Note: It is an optional element in the microstructure. 5.2.7Interpretation
Refers to explaining the meaning or concept of headings (prefixes). The explanation should be straightforward and answer the question directly. Generally, only the content directly related to the heading (prefix) is provided. The language should be accurate, concise and the description should be objective. Language correspondence dictionaries generally do not use explanations. Position: After rhetoric notes. If there are no phonetic notes, word class notes, professional notes, register notes, rhetoric notes and other elements, it should be after the heading (prefix) of the heading. Leave one character blank.
Synonym: explanation.
5.2.8 Translation
Refers to the translation or parallel translation of the meaning of the heading (prefix). The translation can be in one language or in two or more languages. Position: After rhetoric notes. If there are no phonetic notes, word class notes, professional notes, register notes, rhetoric notes and other elements, it should be after the heading (prefix) of the heading. Leave one character blank.
Note: It is an optional element in the microstructure. Synonym: translation, parallel translation.
5.2.9Example
Refers to the use case or basis that proves the meaning, usage, origin, etc. of the heading (prefix, prefix). Position: After the interpretation or translation.
Note: It is an optional requirement in the microstructure. The terminology dictionary generally does not have this element. Synonyms: documentary evidence, use case, cited example.
5.2.10Example source
Refers to the source of the example.
Position: Before or after the example.
Note: It is an optional element in the microstructure. 5.2.11Illustration
Refers to various pictures and tables inserted into the interpretation of the entry to supplement its content. The setting of illustrations varies from book to book, with scientific basis, while paying attention to artistic, illustrative or documentary nature.
Position: Within the scope of the relevant entry or near the relevant content on the page edge. Note: It is an optional element in the microstructure. 5.2.12 Information box
Refers to a box where relevant information is placed according to the needs of the entry. 7
GB/T19103—2003
Location: within the scope of the relevant entry or near the relevant content on the page edge. Note: It is an optional requirement in the microstructure. Synonym: Knowledge window
5.2.13 Annotation
Refers to a supplementary explanation of the interpretation.
Location: after the content to be explained. Placed in brackets. Note: It is an optional element in the microstructure. Synonym: Note
5.2.14 Symbol
Refers to a graphic publication information carrier other than text. Location: before or after the element to be explained by a symbol. Note: It is an optional element in the microstructure. 5.2.15 Synonym
Refers to a word with the same or similar meaning.
Location: after the source of the example. One character is left blank. Prefix with synonym symbol. Note: It is an optional element in microstructure.
5.2.16 Antonym
refers to words with opposite or opposing meanings.
Position: After synonyms. If no synonym element is set, it should be after the source of the example. Leave one character blank. Prefix with antonym symbol. Note: It is an optional element in microstructure.
5.2.17 Reference system
refers to guidance or reference instructions between related items, including cross-references and index indications. Position: Determine the position according to the content. Generally expressed in words, or marked with fonts or symbols. Note: It is an optional element in microstructure. 8
GB/T19103-2003
People's Republic of China
National Standard
General Principles and Methods of Dictionary Compilationbzxz.net
GB/T19103—2003
Published by China Standards Press
No. 16, Sanlihebei Street, Fuxingmenwai, Beijing
Postal Code: 100045
Tel: 6852394668517548
Printed in Qinhuangdao, China Standards Press Printed by the factory; issued by Xinhua Bookstore Beijing Distribution Office
Sold by Xinhua Bookstores everywhere
Format 880×12301/16
Printing sheet 1 Word count 19 words
First edition August 2003 First printing August 2003 Print run 1-1500
Book number: 1550661-19693
Website: bzcbs.com
Copyright reserved. Infringements must be investigated
Report phone number: (010) 6853353311 Illustrations
refer to various pictures and tables inserted into the explanation of an entry to supplement its content. The setting of illustrations varies from book to book, with scientific basis, while paying attention to artistic, illustrative or documentary characteristics.
Location: within the scope of the relevant entry or near the relevant content on the page edge. Note: It is an optional element in the microstructure. 5.2.12 Information box
refers to a box where relevant information is placed according to the needs of the entry. 7
GB/T19103—2003
Location: within the scope of the relevant entry or near the relevant content on the page edge. Note: It is an optional requirement in the microstructure. Synonym: Knowledge window
5.2.13 Annotations
refer to supplementary explanations of the explanation.
Location: after the content to be annotated. Placed in brackets. Note: It is an optional element in the microstructure. Synonyms: Notes
5.2.14 Symbols
refers to graphic publication information carriers other than text. Position: Before or after the element that needs to be explained with a symbol. Note: It is an optional element in the microstructure. 5.2.15 Synonyms
refers to words with the same or similar meanings.
Position: After the example source. Leave one character blank. Set the synonym symbol in front. Note: It is an optional element in the microstructure
5.2.16 Antonyms
refers to words with opposite or opposing meanings.
Position: After the synonyms. If no synonym element is set, it should be after the example source. Leave one character blank. Set the antonym symbol in front. Note: It is an optional element in the microstructure.
5.2.17 Reference system
refers to guidance or reference instructions between related items, including cross-references and index indications. Position: Determine the position according to the content. Generally expressed in words, or marked with fonts or symbols. Note: It is an optional element in the microstructure. 8
GB/T19103-2003
People's Republic of China
National Standard
General Principles and Methods of Dictionary Compilation
GB/T19103—2003
Published by China Standards Press
No. 16, Sanlihebei Street, Fuxingmenwai, Beijing
Postal Code: 100045
Tel: 6852394668517548
China Standards Press Qinhuangdao Printing Printed by the factory; issued by Xinhua Bookstore Beijing Distribution Office
Sold by Xinhua Bookstores everywhere
Format 880×12301/16
Printing sheet 1 Word count 19 words
First edition August 2003 First printing August 2003 Print run 1-1500
Book number: 1550661-19693
Website: bzcbs.com
Copyright reserved. Infringements must be investigated
Report phone number: (010) 6853353311 Illustrations
refer to various pictures and tables inserted into the explanation of an entry to supplement its content. The setting of illustrations varies from book to book, with scientific basis, while paying attention to artistic, illustrative or documentary characteristics.
Location: within the scope of the relevant entry or near the relevant content on the page edge. Note: It is an optional element in the microstructure. 5.2.12 Information box
refers to a box where relevant information is placed according to the needs of the entry. 7
GB/T19103—2003
Location: within the scope of the relevant entry or near the relevant content on the page edge. Note: It is an optional requirement in the microstructure. Synonym: Knowledge window
5.2.13 Annotations
refer to supplementary explanations of the explanation.
Location: after the content to be annotated. Placed in brackets. Note: It is an optional element in the microstructure. Synonyms: Notes
5.2.14 Symbols
refers to graphic publication information carriers other than text. Position: Before or after the element that needs to be explained with a symbol. Note: It is an optional element in the microstructure. 5.2.15 Synonyms
refers to words with the same or similar meanings.
Position: After the example source. Leave one character blank. Set the synonym symbol in front. Note: It is an optional element in the microstructure
5.2.16 Antonyms
refers to words with opposite or opposing meanings.
Position: After the synonyms. If no synonym element is set, it should be after the example source. Leave one character blank. Set the antonym symbol in front. Note: It is an optional element in the microstructure.
5.2.17 Reference system
refers to guidance or reference instructions between related items, including cross-references and index indications. Position: Determine the position according to the content. Generally expressed in words, or marked with fonts or symbols. Note: It is an optional element in the microstructure. 8
GB/T19103-2003
People's Republic of China
National Standard
General Principles and Methods of Dictionary Compilation
GB/T19103—2003
Published by China Standards Press
No. 16, Sanlihebei Street, Fuxingmenwai, Beijing
Postal Code: 100045
Tel: 6852394668517548
China Standards Press Qinhuangdao Printing Printed by the factory; issued by Xinhua Bookstore Beijing Distribution Office
Sold by Xinhua Bookstores everywhere
Format 880×12301/16
Printing sheet 1 Word count 19 words
First edition August 2003 First printing August 2003 Print run 1-1500
Book number: 1550661-19693
Website: bzcbs.com
Copyright reserved. Infringements must be investigated
Report phone number: (010) 68533533
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