GB 8408-2000 Safety of amusement machines and recreational facilities
Some standard content:
GB8408—2000
This standard is compiled according to the current development needs of domestic amusement machines and recreational facilities. On the basis of GB8408-1987 (Safety Standard for Amusement Machines and Amusement Facilities), some clauses are added, some clauses are appropriately modified, and the effective clauses in GB8408-1987 are retained.
This version mainly adds the following contents:
- Preface
- Chapter 1
Chapter 2 Referenced Standards
Chapter 4
-4.24 (Regulations on Mechanical Parts)
-4.27 (Regulations on Slide and Operation Facilities Along Waterways)--4.28 (Regulations on Operation Facilities Along Slideways)-4.29 (Regulations on Children's Combined Facilities)-4.30 (Regulations on Slide and Flying Facilities) In Chapter 7:
7.12 (Regulations on Axis Wear and Rust)
This version modifies some clauses (modified words) and Appendix A and B in Chapters 2 to 5 of the original version. This standard replaces GB8408-1987 from the date of implementation. Appendix A, B and C of this standard are all appendices to the standard. This standard is proposed by the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision. The drafting unit of this standard: National Amusement Machine Quality Supervision and Inspection Center. The main drafters of this standard are Liu Zhixue and Wang Zhou. This standard was first issued on December 10, 1987. 352
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Safety of amusement machines and amusement park equipments1 Scope
GB 8408--2000
Replaces GB8408-1987
This standard specifies the requirements for the design, manufacture, installation and maintenance management of amusement machines and amusement facilities. This standard applies to the safety, technical supervision and inspection of amusement machines and amusement facilities. 2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB/T1243—1997 Precision roller chains and sprockets for short pitch transmission GB3096—1993 Environmental noise standard for urban areas GB/T3766—1983 General technical conditions for hydraulic systems GB4706.1-1998 General safety requirements for household and similar electrical appliances 2 Construction and acceptance specifications for grounding devices for electrical installation projects GB50169—1992
GB/T8918—1996 Wire rope
GB/T16767--1997 Safety and service quality of amusement parks (fields) GBJ65-1983 Grounding design specifications for industrial and civil power installations 3 General provisions
3.1 The design, manufacture, and use of amusement machines and recreational facilities must conscientiously implement this standard. The relevant competent authorities shall conduct regular supervision and inspection on the implementation of this standard. 3.2 The design, manufacture and operation of amusement machines and recreational facilities must ensure personal safety. The safety of imported amusement machines and recreational facilities (Sino-foreign joint ventures, Sino-foreign cooperation, wholly foreign-owned enterprises, etc.) must also comply with this standard and be subject to supervision and inspection. 3.3 It is strictly prohibited to introduce, manufacture and use amusement machines and recreational facilities with unhealthy colors such as horror, pornography, gambling, etc. 3.4 Other matters not mentioned in this standard shall be implemented in accordance with relevant national standards, specifications and regulations. 4 Basic requirements
4.1 The rated operating speed, slope and dynamic load coefficient of the passenger part of the amusement machine are as follows: 4.1.1 The amusement machine with rotating motion shall meet the requirements of Table 1. 4.1.2 The amusement machine running along the track and the ground shall meet the requirements of Table 2. 4.1.3 The amusement machine that exceeds the rated speed, angle or angle specified in this standard shall be approved by the amusement machine production license office. 4.2 The support and hanging components of the passenger part shall adopt steel or reinforced concrete structure. The load-bearing frames of cars and vehicles should be made of metal materials and should be solid in structure. 4.3 Other parts, such as seats and panel decorations, can be made of soft materials, wood or fiberglass. The sleepers used for tracks can be made of wood. The glass of doors and windows of high-altitude cabins should be made of materials that are not easy to break. Safety fences and stairs and handrails at entrances and exits should not be made of wooden structures. Decorations should be firmly fixed.
Table 1 Amusement machines with rotating motion
Merry-go-round
Ferris car
Self-controlled aircraft
Gyroscope
Flying tower
Motion characteristics
The passenger part rotates around the vertical axis or inclined axis
The passenger part rotates or swings around the horizontal axis
The passenger part rotates and
lifts around the central axis
The passenger part rotates on the axis with variable inclination
The passenger part is suspended with a winding part and rotates around a vertical
straight axis||t t||Circumferential speed
≤420
Dynamic load coefficient
Inclination or angle
Table 2 Amusement machines running along tracks and on the ground
Sports characteristics
Sliding car
Overhead sightseeing car
Small train
Bumper car
Racing car
Battery car
Lifted to a certain height and gliding by inertia
Running along overhead tracks
Running along ground tracks
Running in a fixed venue and colliding| |tt||Running along a fixed line on the ground
Running in a fixed venue
Running speed
Indoor≤35
Outdoor≤60
Dynamic load factor
Basic type
Observation car
Dragon boat, space ship
Self-controlled aircraft
Self-controlled flying butterfly
Brave turntable
Flying tower
Basic type
Large gliding car
Sky train
Children's train
Bumper car
Kart
Battery car
Similar type
Small plane
Wave pearl
Windmill
Goldfish playing in the water
Double flying
Flying backrest
Air revolving chair
Similar type
Crazy mouse
Gliding dragon
Aerial bicycle
High truck
Horse-drawn cart
4.4 Fiberglass should not have defects such as poor curing, exposed fabric, cracks, and damage. When directly connected to the load-bearing parts, the connection should have sufficient strength, otherwise, metal parts should be embedded in advance.
4.5 For amusement machines with passengers moving in the air, key components should take insurance measures. When insurance measures cannot be taken, the overall structure must be firm and reliable.
4.6 The entrances and exits of passenger compartments and cabins, etc., are regulated as follows 4.6.1 For amusement machines that allow passengers to get on and off while in operation, the entrances and exits of passenger compartments shall not be higher than 300mm above the platform. The height of the entrances and exits of passenger compartments of other amusement machines from the platform shall be convenient for passengers to get on and off. 4.6.2 The entrances and exits of passenger compartments shall be equipped with doors or devices that replace doors, and attention shall be paid to the safety of the door opening direction. When it is not possible to set them, safety devices such as handles and safety belts shall be provided. 4.6.3 The doors of closed cabins that are more than 1m above the ground must be equipped with two locking devices that cannot be opened by passengers inside. The barriers at the entrances and exits of non-enclosed cabins shall also have locking devices with insurance. 4.6.4 During operation, amusement machines that are subject to overturning, impact and vibration must be equipped with safety belts (with a belt width of more than 30mm and sufficient strength) or other types of safety devices. For amusement machines with greater risks, auxiliary safety devices shall also be added. 354
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4.6.5 Where any part of the passenger's body can extend outside the cabin, a safety device must be installed to prevent the passenger from colliding with surrounding obstacles during operation, or a safety distance of not less than 500mm must be left. 4.7 Where passengers can touch, no exposed sharp edges, sharp corners, burrs or dangerous protrusions are allowed. 4.8 Where bolts or pins are used to connect parts, measures should be taken to prevent loosening and falling off. 4.9 Amusement machines that move along tracks or wire ropes must be equipped with safety devices to prevent the passenger parts from falling off the tracks or wire ropes. When the power supply suddenly fails or the equipment fails, endangering the safety of the passengers, an automatic or manual emergency stop device and 4.10
passenger diversion facilities must be installed, as follows:
4.10.1 Amusement machines that are pulled upward along a slope should be equipped with a device to prevent reverse movement. 4.10.2 Amusement machines that may exceed the speed limit should be equipped with a control device to prevent overspeed. 4.10.3 Facilities for guiding passengers should be provided after a fault occurs. 4.11 When there are more than two groups of vehicles running on the same track, slide, special lane, etc., automatic control devices and buffer devices should be provided to prevent mutual collision. When a collision does not endanger personal safety, only a buffer device can be provided. 4.12 Amusement machines that use drum transmission must be equipped with a device to prevent the wire rope from overwinding and loosening. The terminal of the wire rope should leave a margin of no less than three turns on the drum. Its structure should leave enough maintenance channels. 4.13 The setting of safety fences and platforms is stipulated as follows: 4.13.1 Safety fences with a height of not less than 1.1m should be installed around the amusement machine and on the platform that is more than 0.5m above the ground. The height of the safety fences installed for indoor children's entertainment projects shall not be less than 650mm. It should be a vertical fence, and the gap between the fence and the gap from the ground should not be greater than 120mm. It is not advisable to use horizontal or oblique structures. 4.13.2 Safety fences should have separate entrances and exits, and there should be guide fences at the entrances. Platforms should have preventive measures. 4.14 Recreation rooms that place amusement machines and other amusement facilities should have separate entrances and exits. 4.15 For racing vehicles and facilities that are operated by passengers themselves and run on the ground, the regulations are as follows: 4.15.1 Roads where overtaking is allowed shall have a road width of not less than 5m, a road slope of not more than 5%, and a road turning radius (inner diameter) of not less than 5m.
4.15.2 Roads where overtaking is not allowed shall have a road width of not less than 3m, a road slope of not more than 5%, and a road turning radius (inner diameter) of not less than 5m.
4.15.3 There shall be no obstacles in the road, and no branch lines shall be inserted. Avoid excessive turning and turning. Buffer barriers must be set up on both sides of the road, or a safety zone must be left. 4.15.4 The acceleration and braking parts of the vehicle must be clearly marked. 6 The passenger part must be marked with the number of passengers, and overloading is strictly prohibited. 4.16
4.17 Amusement machines for group rides must be equipped with an audio signal device to indicate the start of operation. 4.18
3 The operation room of the amusement machine should be set up separately. The operation room requires a wide field of vision to be able to see the people getting on and off and the operation status clearly. 4.19 The foundation of the amusement machine must not have uneven hook sinking, cracking or looseness that affects the normal operation of the amusement machine. 4.20 Mobile amusement machines should be easy to disassemble, reliable in connection, with a flat and solid foundation and stable operation. 4.21 Amusement machines with a height of more than 20m should be equipped with an anemometer at a height of 10m. When the wind speed is greater than 15m/s, they must stop running. 4.22 The impact of the noise generated by the amusement machine on the regional environment must comply with the provisions of the national standard GB3096. Generally, the impact of the playground on the area is not more than 65dB(A)
4.23 The construction of amusement machines and amusement facilities must comply with the relevant national regulations on fire safety. 4.24 The mechanical part of the amusement machine is stipulated as follows: 4.24.1 The whole machine should operate normally, and no creeping, abnormal vibration, impact, heating and sound are allowed. 4.24.2 The belt, chain and gear transmission should be normal. 4.24.3 The parts and their connections should be firm and reliable. 4.24.4 The lubrication points should be well lubricated and should not leak oil. 4.24.5 The parts are not allowed to have permanent deformation and damage. 355
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4.25 The amusement machines with hydraulic or pneumatic transmission are stipulated as follows: 4.25.1 Each amusement machine should be equipped with a separate hydraulic or pneumatic system. 4.25.2 The end of the cylinder or cylinder stroke must be equipped with a limit device. 4.25.3 The design and adjustment of hydraulic or pneumatic systems should minimize impact. Impact pressure and pressure loss should not cause danger. 4.25.4 When the passenger part is supported by oil or cylinders, a safety device should be installed to prevent damage to pressure pipes, hoses and pumps and cause a sharp drop.
4.25.5 The oil temperature must comply with the provisions of 1.3 of GB3766-1983: "When the ambient temperature is the highest, the inlet temperature of the hydraulic pump should not exceed 60℃ in the system using hydraulic oil, except for special provisions. When the ambient temperature is the lowest, the equipment must be able to work normally." 4.25.6 In the oil pressure or pneumatic system, an overpressure protection device not exceeding 1.25 times the rated working pressure should be installed. 4.25.7 Before assembling the hydraulic system, the joints, pipelines and the inner surface of the oil tank must be cleaned and no dirt should be present. The hydraulic oil used should be clean and free of impurities. The oil tank is well sealed. 4.25.8 The hydraulic system should not leak oil. The pneumatic system should not leak air obviously. 4.26 The regulations for water facilities are as follows:
4.26.1 Ordinary swimming pools, flowing water swimming pools, wave-making swimming pools, children's swimming pools, water slide pools, etc. must be set up separately and are strictly prohibited from being mixed together.
4.26.2 The water depth of the flowing water swimming pool shall not exceed 1.2m. When the wave-making swimming pool is sloped, the water depth is 0~1.8m. The water depth of the adult water slide pool is 0.7~0.8m. The water depth of the children's water slide pool is 0.6m. The water depth of the children's swimming pool shall not exceed 0.5m. The water depth of the pool for special types of water slides (such as upward throw-up type) shall not exceed 1.5m. 4.26.3 When bumper boats are used in artificial pools, the water depth shall not exceed 1.1m. When using natural pools, the water depth shall not exceed 1.5m. 4.26.4 There should be conspicuous water depth signs around the pool wall and at the places where the water depth changes in the pool. 4.26.5 The water quality and other related matters of various swimming pools shall be implemented in accordance with the "Regulations on the Hygiene Management of Swimming Venues" issued by the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China and the State Sports Commission of the People's Republic of China in July 1985. 4.26.6 Various yachts, bumper boats and speedboats must be restricted to different waters and must not be mixed together. 4.26.7 Water yachts should have sufficient strength and stability in structure, the hull should not leak, and there should be protective devices to prevent collision. 4.26.8 A strict management system and a blue guard post responsibility system should be established for water facilities, and emergency rescue measures should be available. 4.27 The regulations for amusement facilities that slide and run along waterways are as follows: 4.27.1 All parts that come into contact with water should be rust-proof. 4.27.2 The surface of the waterway should be smooth, the local height difference at the connection should not exceed 3mm, and the lower mouth should not be higher than the upper mouth. 4.27.3
The waterway should have sufficient strength and rigidity, good connection, and should not leak water. 4.27.4 There should be sufficient bonding force between the bottom tape and the lifting tape of the rapids boat, and no obvious relative sliding is allowed. 4.27.5 The boat stoppers, lane dividers, boat lifters, etc. of the rapids boat should work properly. 4.27.6 The bolts on the hull should be sealed and the hull should not leak. 4.27.7 During the operation of the boat, there should be no abnormal phenomena such as stagnation, jamming, and large amounts of water splashing into the boat, and there should be no collisions that endanger personal safety and damage the hull.
4.28 The regulations for amusement facilities running along the slide are as follows: 4.28.1 The pulley should be equipped with a brake device, which should be safe and reliable. 4.28.2 The braking distance of the pulley in any section of the slide shall not exceed 8m. 4.28.3 The pulley should be able to slide down on its own in any section of the slide, and it is not allowed to slide down on its own when the brakes are stopped. 4.28.4 The slide should have a smooth transition as a whole. The horizontal curvature radius of the centerline of the slide in any section shall not be less than 10m. 4.28.5 The outer side of the slide curve shall be appropriately raised. When the pulley is at the highest speed, the wheel track shall be no less than 100mm from the upper edge of the slide. 4.28.6 The pulley shall not be blocked in any section of the slide. 4.29 The provisions for children's combination amusement facilities are as follows: 4.29.1 The amusement facilities shall have sufficient strength and rigidity as a whole and be safe and reliable. 356
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4.29.2 Important pillars, components and their connections shall be firm and reliable. 4.29.3 Wherever passengers may collide, protective measures shall be taken. 4.29.4 The facilities shall be set on a solid and flat ground that is not prone to water accumulation and shall be firmly fixed. 4.29.5 Effective buffers and barriers shall be set around the bouncing and slide facilities to prevent collisions. 4.29.6 The inflation effect of inflatable facilities should be able to meet the passengers' bouncing and safety requirements. 4.30 The regulations for amusement machines and recreational facilities that operate by sliding, flying, jumping, climbing, etc. are as follows: 4.30.1 The diameter of the steel wire rope involved in personal safety should not be less than 12mm. 4.30.2 The metal components used for sliding and traction should have sufficient strength. 4.30.3 Non-metallic elastic parts, hanging parts, bearing bodies and metal rings, etc. should have certificates and relevant technical data, and their safety factors should be ≥10.
Various non-metallic hanging parts and steel wire ropes related to personal safety should be replaced regularly according to design requirements. 4.30.4
4.30.5 The hanging part should be equipped with a safety device to prevent passengers from falling. 4.30.6 For amusement facilities that slide in the air by a drop, the entry speed should be adjusted appropriately and an effective buffer device should be installed. 4.31 The electrical requirements are as follows:
4.31.1 Measures to protect the power supply from lightning waves should meet the following requirements: a) When the low-voltage line is led in by buried cables or cables in overhead metal cable ducts, the metal sheath of the cable, metal cable duct, etc. should be grounded at the user end. And it should be connected to the lightning protection grounding device. b) When the low-voltage overhead line is led from the low-voltage side busbar of the park transformer, a lightning arrester should be installed. The lightning arrester and the iron feet of the insulator should be connected to the ground, and the grounding resistance should not be greater than 102.
c) When the power supply T is connected to the park overhead line, the iron feet of the three-base pole insulator at the user end should be grounded, and the grounding resistance should not be greater than 202. 4.31.2 The grounding type of the low-voltage distribution system of the amusement machine should adopt the TN-S system. 4.31.3 Grounding requirements and grounding resistance:
a) Metal casings of electrical equipment and non-powered metal structures must be reliably grounded, and the protection repeated grounding resistance of the low-voltage distribution system should not be greater than 10Ω. The design and construction of grounding devices should comply with the provisions of GBI65 and GB50169. b) Large amusement machines and recreational facilities such as Ferris wheels and gliders with a height greater than 15m should be equipped with lightning protection devices, and the grounding resistance of lightning protection devices should not be greater than 100.
4.31.4 The insulation resistance between the live circuit and the ground should not be less than 1M2. 4.31.5 Electrical equipment installed in humid places such as pump rooms and swimming pools should be equipped with leakage current protection devices. The action current value of the leakage current protection device should not be greater than 30mA.
4.31.6 Electrical switches operated by passengers should use a safe voltage of no more than 24V. For equipment whose working voltage cannot meet the above requirements, the requirements for switch operating rods and operating handles and other similar structures must comply with the provisions of Articles 8.5, 8.6, and 8.7 of GB4706.1-1998.
4.31.7 For amusement machines and children's trains running on the ground with live tracks, the track voltage should not exceed 50V. For amusement machines and monorail trains running overhead with live tracks, if the sliding connection voltage is greater than 50V or the sliding connection elevation is less than 2.5m, safety fences should be installed. 4.31.8 When the motor of an amusement machine is started frequently, its terminal voltage should not be lower than 90% of the rated voltage. When the motor is not started frequently, its terminal voltage should not be lower than 85% of the rated voltage. 4.31.9 The insulation between the live parts and the non-live metal casing should withstand a voltage strength test for 1min without flashover or breakdown. The test voltage should be 50Hz, sine wave, 1500V. 4.3.7.10 Amusement machines, recreational facilities and crowded activity areas should not be set up in the high-voltage transmission and distribution overhead line channel. 5 Design
5.1 The design of amusement machines and amusement facilities should have design specifications, calculation books and a complete set of construction drawings that meet relevant national standards. 5.2 The design of large-scale amusement machines should take into account special loads such as wind load, ground load, and eccentric load. When wind load and ground load exceed the design range, 357
verification must be carried out.
GB 8408—2000
5.3 The design of amusement machines and their auxiliary facilities should be calculated correctly, and the structure should be reasonable to ensure the safety of passengers. The design of large and medium-sized amusement machines should specify the service life of the entire machine.
5.4 The safety factor of each part of the amusement machine should meet the requirements of Table 3. Safety factor
Breaking strength of material
Calculated stress of material
Table 3 Safety factors of various parts of amusement machine
Important shafts, pins and important welds
Seating parts, movable parts and mechanical parts Beams or columns directly bearing dynamic loads
Pistons, cylinders and pressure pipes
Hydraulic hoses
Wire ropes, ring chains and chains for passenger lifting, conveyor belts Note: For the description of various parts of amusement machines, see Appendix A (Appendix to the standard). 5.5 Fixed indoor small-scale amusement machines and recreational facilities can be calculated as a single-hall structure. Safety factor
≥4 (brittle metal ≥10)
≥4 (steel)
≥7 (concrete)
≥4 (brittle metal ≥10)
5.6 The fixed and transported loads of the movable parts of the amusement machine must be multiplied by the corresponding dynamic load coefficient [see Table 1, Table 2 and Appendix B (Standard Appendix) for the selection of dynamic load coefficients.
5.7 The loads of amusement machines and amusement facilities are stipulated as follows: 5.7.1 When there are seats in the passenger part, each adult is calculated as 70kg, and each person for children is calculated as 40kg. When adults and children share, all are calculated as adults.
5.7.2 The passenger part is a standing seat and the stair platform of the amusement machine. The live load is calculated according to 4kN/m2. The stair platform with a particularly crowded crowd can be calculated according to 5kN/m2. The passenger part with both seats and standing seats should be calculated according to the number of people indicated. 5.7.3 The live load of stairs and overpasses for staff is calculated according to 1kN/m2. 5.7.4 The horizontal thrust of the railing of the safety fence is calculated according to 1000N/m. The horizontal thrust of the railing of the stairs and overpasses for staff is calculated according to 500N/m. The horizontal thrust acting on the railing is considered at a height of 1m. 5.8 The auxiliary dimensions of amusement machines and amusement facilities are stipulated as follows: 5.8.1 When the seats are set below 5m from the ground, the depth of the cabin shall not be less than 550mm and the height of the seat backrest shall not be less than 300mm. When the seat is set at a height of more than 5m from the ground, the depth of the cabin shall not be less than 800mm, and the height of the seat back shall not be less than 400mm. When there are safety measures such as bumpers and safety belts, the depth of the cabin can be appropriately reduced. When it is impossible to set up a cabin, a handle and other devices should be provided. The net width of the bench seat for adults shall be calculated as not less than 400mm, and the bench seat for children shall be calculated as not less than 250mm. 5.8.2 The width of the steps at the entrance and exit of the amusement machine shall not be less than 240mm, and the height shall be 140-~200mm. The slope of the steps shall be consistent. When the entrance and exit are slopes, the slope shall not be greater than 1:6. For slopes with anti-pattern, the slope shall not be greater than 1:4. 5.9 The amusement machine shall decelerate before braking. The braking torque of the automatic brake device shall not be less than 1.5 times the shaft torque. For the manual brake, the force acting on the handle shall be 100~200N.
5.10 Measures must be taken to prevent the anchor bolts of the amusement machine from loosening. 5.11 The driving and transmission parts and wheels of racing vehicles running on the ground must be covered. Vehicles should be equipped with anti-collision devices, which should protrude from the vehicle body by no less than 100mm. The anti-collision devices of vehicles in the same parking lot should be at the same height. 5.12 The cockpits and platforms of amusement machines placed in the open air should be equipped with drainage outlets. 5.13 When a rotating platform is provided, the gap between the rotating platform and the fixed part should not be greater than 30mm. 5.14 Safety glass should be used as much as possible for the glass used in the maze mirror hall. When the mirror is made of ordinary glass, the width is within 0.7m, the glass thickness is not less than 6mm, the width is 0.7~～1m, and the glass thickness is not less than 8mm. 5.15 The selection of chain and roller chain is stipulated as follows: 5.15.1 Two or more chain chains should be used for hanging seats, or steel wire ropes and chain chains of equal or higher strength should be used together. The breaking strength of the chain shall not be less than 20kN.
5.15.2 The roller chain for transmitting power must comply with the provisions of GB/T1243. 5.15.3 Chains cannot be used for transmitting power. 5.16 The selection of wire ropes is stipulated as follows: 5.16.1 The wire rope used in the passenger part must comply with the provisions of GB/T8918 and galvanized wire ropes shall be used. 5.16.2 The diameter of the wire rope of the friction transmission method of the amusement machine shall not be less than 10mm. The diameter of the wire rope of the reel transmission method shall not be less than 8mm.
5.16.3 The number of wire ropes used for hanging the passenger part shall not be less than two. The connection between the wire rope and the seat part must consider the ability to maintain balance when one wire rope is disconnected. When a pulley is used, a structure should be considered to prevent the wire rope from falling off the pulley. 5.16.4 The end of the wire rope must be fixed with a fastening device. The strength of the end is different depending on the fixing method (expressed in efficiency). The general fixing method of the wire rope end shall comply with the requirements of Table 4. Table 4 Wire rope end fixing method
Fixing methodWww.bzxZ.net
Babbitt metal fixing
Rope clamp fixing
Wedge fixing
Peach ring braiding method
Peach ring rope clamp
80～85
90～100
Generally known as pouring babbitt metal method
Rope clamp processing is not suitable for less than 50%
Wedge processing is not suitable for less than 50%
Wire rope diameter (mm)
16 or less 90%
$16~26 85%
$28~38 80%
39 or more 75%
5.16.5 Commonly used rope clamps are fixed, and the U-bolts should be put on the short side of the wire rope, as shown in Figure 1. fttm
Correct method
Wrong method
5.16.6 The diameter of the wire rope at important parts and the number and spacing of the rope clamps should meet the requirements of Table 5. 359
Wire rope diameter
9～16
GB 8408—2000
Number and spacing of wire rope clamps
Number of rope clamps
Spacing of rope clamps
80~100
5.17 The ratio of the pulley or drum diameter to the wire rope diameter shall not be less than 40 times. In places where it is not used frequently, the ratio of the guide pulley diameter to the wire rope diameter shall not be less than 20 times.
5.18 The allowable load and safety factor of the wire rope are stipulated as follows: 5.18.1 The load borne by the wire rope shall take into account factors such as fastening method, bending, friction and impact. The safety factor shall be calculated based on static load and shall not be less than 10, and shall be calculated based on total load and shall not be less than 5. 5.18.2 The safety factor of static load and total load shall be calculated as follows; R
n2=W.+w,+w
Wherein: n-
The safety factor of static load shall not be less than 10; the safety factor of total load shall not be less than 5;
R——breaking load of the wire rope ,N;
Static load on the wire rope (load, hook, wire rope, etc.),N; Acceleration load,N;
s--lifting acceleration,m/s\;
g--gravitational acceleration,9.8m/s\;
W--bending load,N;
E·A·d
A--wire rope cross-sectional area,mm2;
Dreel or groove wheel diameter,mm;
d--wire diameter,mm;
E--wire rope elastic coefficient,10o°N/mm. 6 Manufacturing and installation
(1)
6.1 The manufacturer shall have a sound quality management system, and must ensure the quality requirements of each link and the whole machine from the raw materials, outsourced parts, purchased parts entering the factory to the product leaving the factory. Raw materials, outsourced parts and purchased parts should all have documents proving their quality. 360
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6.2 The manufacturer should have basic production conditions: complete product drawings and technical documents: necessary process equipment, necessary testing means; skilled technical workers and certain technical personnel. 6.3 The manufacturer must process and manufacture according to the product design drawings and technical documents that comply with relevant standards and are approved through prescribed procedures. Design drawings and technical documents shall not be modified arbitrarily. Modifications shall be approved by the source design unit, and the modified contents shall be recorded and archived. 6.4 Critical components and welds must be inspected by flaw detection, and non-critical components shall also be inspected according to the technical requirements of the drawings and relevant national regulations.
6.5 New products and old products transferred to the factory must pass trial production, local tests, whole machine no-load, partial load and full load tests (8 hours per day, not less than 10 days) and other relevant tests, and records shall be archived. After the competent department of business, relevant units and the quality supervision and inspection department conduct technical review and necessary technical tests, and only after acceptance according to relevant standards can a small amount of trial production be put into operation. Products that have not been accepted are strictly prohibited from leaving the factory and being used. The formal identification of the product should be carried out after half a year of use. 6.6 Before each product leaves the factory, the manufacturer should inspect it according to the design drawings and technical documents and in accordance with the requirements of relevant standards, and the inspection results should be recorded and archived.
6.7 When the product leaves the factory, the manufacturer should provide the user with the product manual, inspection and maintenance instructions and drawings; product certificate and necessary spare parts and special tools.
6.8 The civil engineering foundation or building of the amusement machine must be constructed according to the design drawings and technical documents, and can only be installed after acceptance by the relevant quality inspection department. After debugging and load testing, the two parties can be officially put into use after acceptance according to relevant standards. 6.9 The manufacturer should train operation and maintenance personnel for users, provide technical services to users after sales, and supply spare parts to users in a timely manner.
6.10 Enterprises that have not obtained amusement machine production licenses are not allowed to manufacture and sell amusement machine products that implement the production license system. 7 Management and Maintenance
7.1 When the user unit purchases a large-scale amusement machine, it must provide local meteorological, power supply, ground and geological data for verification by the design and production units.
7.2 The user unit should formulate detailed rules and regulations on operation and regular inspection and maintenance according to various amusement machines and amusement facilities. Establish a job responsibility system for management and maintenance personnel. Select management, operation and maintenance personnel who have passed the training and examination to manage and operate.
7.3 The user unit must conduct necessary inspections on various amusement machines and amusement facilities before daily operation. Only after no problems are found in the inspection and trial operation can they be officially operated, and operation records should be kept. 7.4 The user unit must conduct a more detailed inspection of various amusement machines and amusement facilities every quarter, and the inspection situation, maintenance content and processing results should be recorded and archived.
7.5 The user unit must conduct a comprehensive inspection of various amusement machines and recreational facilities every six months. 7.6 The user unit must formulate passenger instructions for various amusement machines and recreational facilities and publish them in conspicuous places. The operating service personnel should publicize the precautions to passengers at any time to stop the passengers' dangerous behaviors. 7.7 The user unit should regularly conduct business training and safety education for the operating, management and maintenance personnel, and issue job certificates after passing the examination. 7.8 The user unit should have regulations on the age and height of children riding amusement machines and recreational facilities that are not specially for children according to different machine models and operating characteristics.
7.9 When there are emergencies such as bad weather, equipment failure and power outage, or when there is a possibility of the above situations, the user unit must take emergency measures and stop operations.
7.10 The user unit shall summarize the general accidents of amusement machines and recreational facilities once a quarter, find out the causes of major accidents and draw conclusions, and make written reports to the business competent department and the National Amusement Machine Quality Supervision and Inspection Center in a timely manner. 7.11 The safety and service quality of amusement parks shall comply with the provisions of GB/T16767. 7.12 The inspection of tracks, chains, belts, wheels, wire ropes and shafts of amusement machines shall comply with the requirements of Tables 6 to 11. 361
Track shape
Steel track
Steel pipe track
Chain elongation
GB 8408—2000
Table 6 Allowable values for track wear and allowable error in track gauge Wear location
Tread, side
Allowable error in track gauge of scooter
Elongation and allowable values for wear of lifting chains Table 7
Allowable value
Less than 1.5% of the original installed length of the chain
Wear of chain and hole diameter
Wear of chain plate thickness and width
Three Angle belt, flat belt and grooved belt
Main wheel
Side wheel and bottom wheel
Even distribution of wire breakage
Less than 5% of the original diameter
Less than 10% of the original thickness and width
Table 8 Wear status of transmission belt
Allowable value
Less than 20% of the original thickness
Less than 15% of the original thickness
Design size -3~+5 mm
Measure more than once a year
Spot check more than once a year
Spot check more than two chain links
Wear status
No damage, aging or breakage on the belt surface, and no scratches or peeling on the belt connection. If cracks appear, they should be replaced in time. Table 9 Allowable wear values of scooter wheels
Allowable value
Less than 2.5% of the original diameter, and no more than 6mm at mostLess than 2.5% of the original diameter, and no more than 4mm at mostTable 10 Allowable wear values of wire ropes for hanging and liftingCondition
See Appendix C (Appendix to the standard)C1 Three wires are broken in one lay length. Although the broken wires are evenly distributed, the remaining cross-sectional area of the wire after wear is less than 80% of the original cross-sectional area or is severely rusted
When the wires are broken in one place or are particularly concentrated in one strand, the diameter of the wire rope after wear
See Appendix C (Appendix to the standard)C2
See Appendix C (Appendix to the standard)C3
See Appendix C (Appendix to the standard)C4
Note: For instructions on the wear status of wire ropes, see Appendix C. The number of broken wires per strand in one twist length is 2. The total number of broken wires in one twist length is 10 for 6 strands and 12 for 8 strands.
is more than 90% of the original wire rope diameter
Table 11 Allowable values for important shaft wear and corrosion
Shaft diameter wear
Shaft rust
is less than 0.00% of the original diameter.8%, and the maximum does not exceed 1mm. After polishing, it is less than 1% of the original diameter (including pits), and the maximum does not exceed 1 mm.
Inspection cycle
Measure once a year
Measure once a year
GB 8408--2000
Appendix A
Description of each part of the amusement machine
(Appendix of the standard)
Description of Table 3 of Article 5.4
A1Important shafts and pins: wheel shafts, seat hanging shafts, center shafts, upper and lower pins of supporting oil (gas) cylinders, upper and lower pins of seat supporting arms, etc. Important welds: seat support welds, hanging welds, rail butt welds, etc. A2
Seat part: passenger seats and frames, etc. Such as the body, seats and bottom frame of a scooter. A3
A4Moveable part: the mechanism that makes the passenger part move. Such as the support arm of the self-controlled aircraft; the rotating arm of the suspended seat of the aerial carousel; the rotating frame of the Ferris wheel.
A5 Mechanical part: a mechanical device for transmitting power. For example, the wheels, axles, bearings, steering mechanisms, lifting mechanisms, etc. of the scooter are mechanical parts. A6 Beams or columns that directly bear dynamic loads should be selected according to the safety factor in Table 3. When a buffer pad is installed between the rail sleepers and the beams or pillars, or when the wheels are buffer materials, the beams or pillars can be calculated according to the general structure. Appendix B
(Appendix to the standard)
Selection and explanation of dynamic load coefficient
B1 Amusement machines with rotating motion
B1.1 Considering the slow running speed and relatively stable operation of carousel-type amusement machines, their dynamic load coefficient shall not be less than 1.3. B1.2 For Ferris wheel type amusement machines, when the rated circumferential speed is not more than 18m/min, the running speed is slow and the passengers do not stop, and its dynamic load coefficient is not less than 1.3; when the rated circumferential speed is more than 18m/min, the passengers have to stop because of the high speed, and its dynamic load coefficient is not less than 1.5.
B1.3 For self-controlled airplane type amusement machines, the passenger part is frequently raised and lowered, and there is a certain impact and vibration, and its dynamic load coefficient is not less than 1.5. B1.4 For gyroscope type amusement machines, when the circumferential speed is not more than 550m/min and the inclination angle is not more than 70°, the running speed is fast and the inclination angle is large, and its dynamic load coefficient is not less than 1.5; when the circumferential speed is not more than 700m/min and the inclination angle is not more than 90°, the speed is faster and the inclination angle is larger, and its dynamic load coefficient is not less than 2.
B1.5 Flying tower type amusement machines, considering the lifting and rotating motion, the circumferential speed is not more than 390m/min, and its dynamic load coefficient is not less than 1.5. B2 Amusement machines moving along the guide line and the ground B2.1 Slide car type amusement machines, considering the high speed and large impact vibration, its dynamic load coefficient is greater than 2. B2.2 Aerial sightseeing car type amusement machines, the speed is low, the operation is relatively stable, and it is considered to run in the air, and its dynamic load coefficient is not less than 1.5. B2.3 Small train type amusement machines, the speed is low, the operation is relatively stable, and its dynamic load coefficient is not less than 1.2. B2.4 Bumper car type amusement machines, the speed is low, there is a special parking lot, considering the magnetic collision during operation, its dynamic load coefficient is not less than 1.2. B2.5 Racing car type amusement machines, considering the high speed and the possibility of collision with obstacles, etc., its dynamic load coefficient is not less than 1.5. When the speed is greater than 35km/h, the dynamic load coefficient is not less than 2.
B2.6 Battery car amusement machines, running relatively smoothly, with a speed not exceeding 5km/h, the dynamic load coefficient shall not be less than 1.2.363
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