JB/T 5947-1991 General technical requirements for packaging of construction machinery
Some standard content:
Machinery Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
JB/T 5947-1991
Engineering Machinery
General Technical Requirements for Packaging
Published on December 12, 1991
Implementation by the Ministry of Machinery and Electronics Industry of the People's Republic of China on July 1, 1992
Mechanical Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Engineering Machinery
General Technical Requirements for Packaging
1 Subject Content and Scope of Application
JB/T5947-1991
This standard specifies the technical requirements, protection methods, test methods, inspection rules, random documents and packaging marks for engineering machinery products.
This standard applies to the packaging of domestic products. Cited standards
GB1413
GB1834
GB4817
GB7284
GB4879
GB7350
GB5048
JB/Z206
GB6388
3 General
External dimensions and rated weight of containers
Minimum internal dimensions of general containers
Conifer saw Timber
Broadleaved tree sawn timber
Frame wooden box
Rust-proof packaging
Waterproof packaging
Moisture-proof packaging
Electromechanical products
Technical conditions
Shockproof packaging
Technical standards for highway engineering
Packaging storage and transportation pictorial signs
Transport packaging delivery and receipt signs
3.1 Product packaging should adopt different packaging types and protection methods according to the characteristics of the product and storage and transportation conditions. Product packaging should meet the requirements of science, economy, beauty and firmness.
3.2 The product can only be packaged externally after it has passed the inspection and has been well protected and other internal packaging is done. 3.3 The packaging design should be carried out according to the product characteristics, storage and transportation, loading and unloading conditions and user requirements, so that the packaging is tightly painted, the protection is thorough, and it is safe and reliable. The maximum external dimensions and weight of the packaging box or product parts should comply with the regulations of the transportation department that the transportation of goods shall not be over-limited or overweight. 3.4
3.5 Products transported in containers shall meet the requirements of containers. The overall dimensions, weight and minimum overall dimensions of containers shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB1413 and GB1834.
3.6 When special vehicles are required for railway transportation of extra-large and extra-heavy parts, a loading reinforcement structure diagram shall be drawn, and the maximum overall dimensions and center of gravity position shall be indicated.
3.7 Under the condition that the lifting and transportation conditions permit, in order to ensure the quality of the product, the whole machine and the assembled parts shall not be disassembled as much as possible, and it is advisable to pack the whole machine or the assembled parts.
3.8 From the date of packaging, the product manufacturer shall ensure that the product will not be rusted, reduced in precision, damaged or lost due to poor packaging for at least one year under normal storage and transportation conditions. Special circumstances shall be implemented according to the agreement between the supply and demand parties. 4 Packaging Type
4.1 Bare Packing
Applicable to machinery with rough surface and outdoor operation. For example: large castings, large structural parts, loaders, bulldozers, excavators, scrapers, lifting machinery, graders, road machinery, compaction machinery and other engineering machinery products. The parts of bare products that need protection should be wrapped. 4.2 Bulk Packing
Applicable to bare parts with rough surface or outdoor operation, which are inconvenient to lift or unstable to place and need to be fixed on the base. 4.3 Bundling Packing
Applicable to products with rough surface or easy to bundle. For example; track shoes, chain track segments, wire ropes, etc. 4.4 Box Packing
4.4.1 Lattice Box Packing
Applicable to products with no moisture-proof requirements but afraid of bumps and weighing less than 1000kg. The lattice box is shown in Figures 1 and 2. Figure 1
4.4.2 Closed box
Applicable to products with high precision and protection requirements. Figure 2
4.4.2.1 Ordinary box: Applicable to packaging machinery accessories, with a load capacity of less than 500kg, and is made of six panels (Figure 3). 4.4.2.2 Sliding wood ordinary box: Applicable to packaging products with large volume, weight less than 1000kg, and evenly distributed. The sliding wood ordinary box is made of six panels and sliding wood (Figure 4).
JB/T59471991
3 Frame structure box: Applicable to packaging large complete sets of equipment with a weight of 500-2000kg. It is assembled into a frame with sliding wood, sleepers, corner columns, crossbeams, longitudinal beams, diagonal braces, flat braces, bottom plates, bolts, angle irons, etc., and the box boards are nailed around and on the top (Figure 5). Auxiliary weaving frame
Shuttle angle iron
5 Packing box materials and packing box requirements
5.1 Box materials
5.1.1 The materials for making boxes can be wood from coniferous and broad-leaved trees; other materials with reliable performance that have been tested can also be used. 5.1.2 The first-class materials are used for slides, sleepers and frames. The second-class materials are used for top plates, bottom plates and box boards. The wood grade shall comply with the provisions of GB153 and GB4817. 5.1.3 The wood for making boxes shall not have through cracks, falling knots and decay and other defects that weaken the strength of the wood. 5.1.4 The moisture content of slides, sleepers and frames used in closed boxes shall not exceed 30%, and the moisture content of box boards shall not exceed 25%. 5.2 Type of clear slide
5.2.1 The two ends of the slide should be made into a downward bevel angle of 45°~55\ at about half of the distance from the bottom surface (Figure 6); for the slides of large frame structure boxes, the two ends should be made into the type of Figure 7. In order to effectively utilize wood and adjust the balance between the hanging rope and the center of gravity, auxiliary slides can be installed at the bottom of the slide (Figure 8).
5.2.2 The cross section of the slide adopts a rectangular shape, and the placement of the slide depends on the stress conditions. If the bending stress is dominant, it should be placed upright; if the compressive stress is dominant and the bending stress is not prominent, it should be placed flat. 5.3 Requirements for box boards
5.3.1 The surface of the box board is allowed to be unplaned, but it must be flat to ensure that the painted marks are clear. 5.3.2 The width of the box board is not less than 50mm. When the box boards are spliced, the cutting boards should be arranged in a dispersed manner. Generally, the minimum thickness of the box board should be not less than 15mm, and the maximum thickness of the bottom 3
board should not be greater than 25mm.
JB/T 59471991
5.3.3 The joints of the closed box panels shall adopt the butt joint type (Figure 9), and the gap between the joints shall not exceed 5mm. 5.4 Framework requirements
The structure and requirements of the framework shall comply with the provisions of GB7284. 5.5 Box top type
Packaging boxes generally adopt flat tops, and large packaging boxes can adopt ridge tops, sloping tops and frustum tops, but sea-going packaging boxes shall adopt flat tops. The box top type is shown in Figure 10.
日日日
5.6 Requirements for nailing wooden boxes
日日日
Ridge item
日日日
5.6.1 According to the thickness of the box panels and box rails and the strength of the materials, round nails for nailing boxes shall be reasonably selected. 5.6.2 Round nails shall be arranged in a zigzag shape, and the spacing between nails shall not exceed 50mm.
Cone Item
5.6.3 There shall be no exposed nail heads, nail tips or nails bent in the middle of the wooden box. The nails used for panel arrangement must be bent on the inside of the box and close to the box board. Round nails shall not be nailed into the joints of the box boards or the inner and outer joints of the frame. 5.7 Reinforcement of packaging boxes
5.7.1 For ordinary wooden boxes, choose appropriate oxidized steel belts to tighten the box body according to the product weight and box size, generally two strips; the width of the steel belt shall not be less than 15mm.
5.7.2 Wooden boxes can also be reinforced with box rails, and angle irons should be used at the joints of the box rails (Figure 5). 6 Requirements for internal products
6.1 Preparations and precautions before product packaging6.1.1 Before packaging, the products must be cleaned. 6.1.2 Before packing or boxing, the oil and water stored in various parts of the machine must be removed. For machines that are self-loaded and unloaded, the fuel and water in the engine part and the hydraulic working oil and lubricating oil in the machine are allowed to be retained. 6.1.3 The movable parts on the product should be moved to the position where the product has the smallest external dimensions and fixed. When protruding parts need to be removed, they should be removed, marked, and packaged separately. Generally, they should be fixed in the same box. 6.1.4 Spare or removed non-oil-resistant rubber parts and wires, etc. should be wrapped and fixed in the box. Electrical equipment must not be protected with anti-rust oil and oil paper.
6.1.5 The removed hydraulic, lubricating and cooling components should be cleaned and the entrances and exits of each component should be tightly blocked with plastic covers or corks. The threads at the ends of pipe fittings should be wrapped with oil-soaked linen or other materials to prevent vinegar from touching them. 6.1.6 If parts need to be stacked and wrapped, pads should be placed between them to protect the surface. The ropes used for wrapping must be strong and reliable. 6.1.7 For parts that need to be stacked and packaged, parts with low precision, high weight and large volume should be placed at the bottom. 6.1.8 The packaged parts should have labels indicating the code, name, specification, quantity, etc. of the part, and should be consistent with the packing list. 6.2 Fixation of products in boxes
6.2.1 The products should be padded, clamped and fixed in the packaging box. Prevent movement or displacement during transportation. 2 When the product is fixed on the slide, the bolt head should be sunk into the slide (Figure 11). 6-2.2
JB/T 59471991
JB/T 59471991
6.2.3 When the product cannot be directly fixed on the base of the box, it should be supported and fixed with square wood. Mengmu
6.2.4 When the product is placed in the box, its center of gravity should be as low as possible, generally not exceeding the center line. If it exceeds the center line, stabilization measures should be taken.
5 The volume of the packaging box should be reduced as much as possible, and the volume inside the box should be fully utilized. There is usually a certain gap between the product and the box wall. The distance between large products and the box cover and the inner walls around should be 30-50mm. 6.2.6 When packing parts with high processing precision or parts that are afraid of knocking or collision, cushioning measures should be taken. 7 Protection
7.1 Rust prevention
For products with rust prevention requirements, refer to the provisions of GB4879. 7.2 Waterproof
For products with waterproof requirements, refer to the provisions of GB7350. 7.3 Moisture proof
For products with moisture proof requirements, refer to the provisions of GB5048. 7.4 Shockproof
For products with shock proof requirements, refer to the provisions of JB/Z206. 8
Test method
8.1 Lifting test
For packages with a weight greater than or equal to 500kg, lift them at normal speed according to the lifting position. When lifting, make the angle between the lifting rope and the horizontal plane of the top of the box 50°~60° (Figure 12). After lifting to a certain height (not less than 1500mm), lift it urgently, brake up, down, left and right for 3~5 minutes, and then lower it to the ground at a uniform speed. Repeat the test 3~5 times. The box should not be damaged or deformed obviously. 8.2 Stacking test
Put the packaging box on a flat cement floor for testing. 8.2.1 For large flat-top packaging boxes with a load greater than or equal to 500kg, a box width greater than 1000mm, and a height of 1000~2500mm, the following two tests should be performed.
8.2.1.1 Evenly stack sand and gravel directly on the top of the box so that the top load is not less than 0.49×10\Pa. After the test for 1h, the maximum deflection of the box top is not more than 30mm.
8.2.1.2 Place a load plate on the top of the box and load it with a weight so that the stacking load is not less than 0.98×10*Pa. After 1 hour of testing, there should be no obvious deformation of the box wall and no damage to the box body. The load plate should extend out of the box body for a length of not less than 100mm and have sufficient rigidity. Therefore, the distance between the center of gravity of the load and the top plane of the box should not be greater than 50% of the height of the packaging box. 6
JB/T 59471991
JB/T 59471991
8.2.2 For packaging boxes with a load of less than 500kg and a box height of less than 1000mm, the top plane of the box can be evenly loaded directly or a load plate can be placed on its top surface, with the length of the four sides extending out of the top plane of the box being not less than 100mm. The load should be evenly applied to the load plate. The applied load (including the load plate) is calculated as follows:
F=9.8kH=hw
Wherein F is the load, N;
K is the deterioration coefficient of the packaged product during circulation (Table 1); H is the height of the stack, mm. According to the storage and transportation conditions, it is generally not more than 2500mm; h is the height of the packaging box, mm;
W is the weight of the tested package, kg.
During circulation
Deterioration coefficient
Within 1 month
>1~3 months
After 1h of test, the box wall should not have obvious deformation and the box body should not be damaged. 8.3 Spray test
>3~6 months
More than 6 months
Place the closed box on a plane that allows water to flow, and spray it vertically downward evenly at a spray rate of 100±20L/h·m. The distance between the water spray device and the top surface of the box shall not be less than 2000mm, and the spray time shall be selected according to the provisions of Table 2. After the spraying is completed, the box shall be opened for inspection, and there shall be no water leakage in the box. The ordinary closed box with sliding wood and the closed box with frame structure must be sprayed after the lifting test. Table 2
Scope of application
Spraying time
8.4 Drop test
8.4.1 Free drop test
Ordinary closed box
Ordinary closed box with sliding wood and closed box with frame structure1hbZxz.net
Packages weighing less than or equal to 100kg shall be hoisted to a certain height and then freely dropped onto a flat cement floor or steel plate. The drop height shall not be less than 300mm. Each package shall be dropped seven times in succession (the drop position is: corner and the three faces and three edges that make up that corner). For products that cannot be inverted, drop six times on the plane according to the placement position. After the test, the packaging box shall not be obviously damaged and the product performance shall remain unchanged. 8.4.2 Edge drop test
JB/T5947—1991
Raise one end of a package weighing more than 100kg by 100-150mm, lift the other end and let it fall freely onto a flat cement floor or steel plate. The drop height shall not be less than 300mm, and the number of drops shall be two per edge. After the test, the package shall not be obviously damaged. 8.5 Highway transport test
Place the package in the middle and rear part of a truck and fix it appropriately. Drive 200km at a speed of 25-40km/h on the intermediate road surface of a third-level highway. After the test, the package shall not be obviously damaged or deformed, the product inside shall not be loose, and the product performance shall remain unchanged. The highway grade shall be implemented in accordance with JTJ1 of the Ministry of Transport. Intermediate roads include crushed and gravel roads; irregular stone roads; other granular roads, etc. This test can also be carried out on equivalent test equipment. 9 Inspection rules
9.1 When the newly designed packaging box or the packaging box has a major change in material, design, or process, the product manufacturer shall conduct packaging (box) inspection before batch production. The number of inspections shall not be less than two, and the inspection items shall be determined according to the characteristics of the product and the storage and transportation conditions. The inspection method shall be in accordance with the provisions of Articles 8.1 to 8.5. If one item is unqualified during the inspection, the cause shall be analyzed, the design shall be improved, and the unqualified items shall be re-inspected until they are qualified. 9.2 In batch production, only the packaging design requirements that meet the test conditions of the packaging (box) shall be inspected, and no further testing shall be performed. 10 Random documents
10.1 Random documents shall include product qualification certificates, product use and maintenance instructions, atlas and list of wearing parts, packing list, etc. 10.2 Random technical documents shall be packaged in plastic bags and placed in the packaging box. When the product is packaged in multiple boxes, the random documents shall be placed in the first box, and the words "technical documents inside" shall be marked on the outside of the box. 11 Packaging Marks
The packaging marks shall be accurately, clearly and firmly sprayed on the two sides (ends) of the box body with non-fading paint or ink. For small wooden boxes with a height of not less than 500mm, it is allowed to paint the packaging marks on the top surface of the box. 11.2 The packaging storage and transportation indication marks shall be correctly selected according to the characteristics of the product and in accordance with the provisions of GB191. 11.3 The transportation packaging receiving and shipping marks shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of GB6388. 11.4
For packaging boxes without lifting plates, the center of gravity shall be found and the lifting position shall be marked. 11.5
When the original packaging boxes are used for purchased parts, the logo of the main engine manufacturer shall be replaced. The oil seal date shall be marked on the box surface to facilitate timely maintenance. 11.6
If the product is packed in multiple boxes, the box number shall be expressed as a fraction; the numerator is the box number and the denominator is the total number of boxes. 11.8
For packaged and bulk products, the mark can be sprayed directly on the product; for products that cannot be sprayed directly and for dug products, a label mark can be used; the packaging mark is painted on the label, and the label is firmly tied to a conspicuous part of the product. Additional remarks:
This standard was proposed and managed by the Tianjin Engineering Machinery Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery and Electronics Industry. This standard was drafted by the Tianjin Engineering Machinery Research Institute. The main drafter of this standard is Zhao Zhiqiang.
People's Republic of China
Mechanical Industry Standard
Engineering Machinery
General Technical Conditions for Packaging
JB/T59471991
Published and issued by the China Academy of Mechanical Science
Printed by the China Academy of Mechanical Science
(No. 2 Shouti South Road, Beijing
Postal Code 100044)
Sheet 3/4
Format 880×1230
Word Count 14,000
First Edition in March 1992
First Printing in March 1992
Print Quantity 1-500
Price 10.00 Yuan
Mechanical Industry Standard Service Network: http://www.JB.ac.cn1661_6
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