GB/T 14985-1994 General provisions for dimensions, shape, surface quality, test methods and inspection rules of expansion alloys
Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
General rules of dimensions, shape, surface quality test methods and inspection for expansion alloys
GB/T 14985—94
Replaces GBn100B7
This standard applies to general rules of dimensions, shape, surface quality, test methods and inspection for expansion alloys 1 Dimensions and shape
1.1 Wire
1.1.1 Dimensions
The diameter of cold-drawn wire and its allowable deviation shall conform to the provisions of Table 1. Table 1
0.10~0.20
>0. 20~0. 30
>0. 30~0. 50
>0, 50--1. 50
>1. 50 ~ 3. 00
>3, 04~7. 00
1.1.2 Appearance
1.1.2.1 The roundness of cold-drawn wire shall not exceed half of the diameter tolerance. 1.1.2.2 Cold drawn wire should be coiled neatly without "*" shape. 1.2 Pipe
Allowable deviation
± 0.020
1.2.1 Size
The outer diameter and outer diameter, inner diameter and wall thickness allowable deviation of cold drawn (rolled) alloy non-chain pipe shall comply with the provisions of Table 2. Other specifications (including size allowable deviation) shall be negotiated by the supplier and the buyer. Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on April 4, 1994, implemented on May 1, 1994
>10~25
>25~>60
GB/T14985-94
Allowable deviation
Diameter + trummi
Diameter, mm
— 0.12
1.2.1. 1 The order contract may stipulate any two of the three dimensional deviations listed in Table 2. 1.2.2 Appearance
Thickness, ±%
1.2.2.1 The alloy pipe is usually delivered in a length of 0.5~6m. For pipes with an outer diameter of not more than 4mm and a wall thickness of not more than 0.15mm, a length of not less than 0.3ml is allowed to be delivered, and its weight shall not exceed 5% of the total weight of the batch. 1.2,2,2 Both ends of the alloy pipe are half-finished and burred. 1. 2. 2. 3 The curvature of the alloy pipe per meter shall not exceed 2mm, and the total curvature shall not exceed 0.2% of the total length. 1.3 Strip
1-3.1 Size
1.3.1.1 The thickness and width of cold-rolled strip and their allowable deviations shall comply with the provisions of Table 3. Table 3
0. 02-~0, 04
>0. 04 ~ 0. 05
2*0. 05~0. 10
>0. 10~0. 20
>0. 20~0. 30
>0. 30~0. 40
>0. 40~0. 50
> 0. 50 ~~ 0. 70
>0, 70~1.
>1. 00 ~1. 30
>1. 30-~1. 70
>1. 70-~2. 50
allowed bias
higher precision
- 0, 060
Normal precision
-- 0, 050
10~150
Three-center, 13
Specified width range Domestic width allowable difference after trimming
150~220
220-300
300-~400
1.3.1.2 For the measurement of the strip with T width greater than 25mm, it shall be carried out at a distance of 9.5mm from the edge of the strip. 1.3.1.3 The thickness deviation (inter-plate difference) of the cold-rolled strip in the width direction shall not exceed half of the thickness tolerance. 1.3.2 Appearance
Untrimmed
1.3.2.1 Strip with a thickness not greater than 1.5mm shall be delivered in coils. When the purchaser requires delivery in straight strips, fixed lengths and multiple lengths, it shall be indicated in the contract. For the delivery of coiled strips, each batch of strips with a length of not less than 0.5m is allowed to be delivered, and its weight shall not exceed 5% of the total weight of the batch. 1.3.2.2 Strips shall usually be delivered with trimmed edges. For strips with a thickness greater than 1.5mm, it is allowed to be delivered without trimming edges. 1.3.2.3 The bending of the strip per meter shall not exceed 3mm. 1.4 Cold-drawn and polished bars
1.4.1 Size
The diameter and its allowable deviation of cold-drawn and polished bars shall comply with the provisions of Table 4. Diameter
>10~20
>20~30
GR/T14985—94
Allowable deviation level
1.4.2 Shape
1.4.2.1 The ovality of the bar shall not be greater than half of the diameter tolerance. 1.4.2.2 The curvature of the bar per meter length shall not exceed 1.5 mm. 1.5 Hot forging materials
1.5.1 Dimensions
The size and allowable deviation of hot forging materials shall comply with the provisions of Table 5. Table 5
Diameter or side length
10(h70)
Allowable deviation
Higher precision
20. 0~50.0
>50. 0-~70. 0
>70. 0~100. 0
>100. 0~120. 0
>120. 0~-140. 0
2 140, 0 ~ 160. 0
>160. 0~180. 0
>180. 0 ~200. 0
1.5.2Appearance
—0. 075
Ordinary precision
The auxiliary roundness of round steel shall not exceed half of the diameter tolerance. The diagonal length of square copper shall not be less than 1.4 times the lower limit of the side length. 1. 5. 2. 1
1. 5.2. 2
The bending degree of forging material per meter length shall not exceed 5mm. 1.5.2.3 Square steel shall not have obvious twisting. GB/T14985-94
1.5.2.4 The bevel and protrusion of the two ends of the forging shall not exceed 1/2 of the diameter or side length.6 Hot-rolled bars
1. 6. 1 Size
The size and allowable deviation of hot-rolled bars shall comply with the provisions of Table 6. Table 6
Diameter or approximate length
6. 0~0. 0
>9. 0 ~ 20. 0
>20. 0 ~ 30. 0
>30. 0~50. 0
>50.0~100.0
1. 6. 2 Appearance
Allowable deviation
1.6.2.1 Round steel with a diameter of 6~12mm shall be delivered in coils. If the purchaser requires straight bars to be delivered, it shall be indicated in the contract. 1.6.2.2 The curvature of hot-rolled bars delivered in straight bars shall not exceed 2.5mm per meter, and the total curvature shall not exceed 0.25% of the total length.
1.7 Hot rolled fan material
1. 7. 1 Dimensions
The dimensions and allowable deviations of hot rolled fan material shall comply with the provisions of Table 7. Table 7
>. 0~7. 0
>7. 0~13. 0
>13. 0 ~22. 0
2 Surface inspection
2.1 Cold worked material
Allowable deviation
20~300
Allowable deviation
The surface of cold worked material shall be smooth and free of defects such as cracks, delamination, folding, scars, rust, scratches, oxide scale, pitting, peeling, burrs, etc. that may affect the use.
2.2 Hot-rolled () materials
Hot-rolled () materials should not have defects such as folds, cracks, scale eyebrows, heavy skin, depressions, ears, etc. that affect the use. The above defects can be cleaned, and the cleaning depth shall not exceed half of the tolerance. 3
Test method
The inspection method and sampling location of the relevant inspection items of the alloy shall comply with the provisions of Table 8. 1
Inspection Items H
Surface Quality
Chemical Composition
Expansion Coefficient
Vickers Hardness
Tensile Test
Phase Change Test
Non-metallic Inclusions
Air Tightness
GR/T14985-94
Inspection Method
General Purpose Tools
GB 4330—84\ .
GB 4340- 84
GB 3076—82
GB 228—87
GB 6397—86
GB 6394—88***
Sampling location
Alloy ingot, or
from the ladle or
forged or rolled product, or
from the ladle++
Any location on the finished product
Any location on the finished product
Any location on the finished product
Appendix A to this standard
YB 25- - 77
GB5778—86
GB 226—- 77
GB 1979-- 80
Any location on the finished product
The diameter or side length is not less than 15 mm Finished bars
Hot rolled (sensitive) materials
Take the accompanying effect
1 piece per furnace
2 pieces per batchwwW.bzxz.Net
2 pieces per batch
2 pieces per batch
2 pieces per batch
2 pieces per batch
When the surface quality is in doubt, cold processed materials (including soft materials) can be observed with a magnifying glass no greater than 6 times, and hot rolled (Yi) materials are allowed to be checked after acid treatment
**When the expansion coefficient of the sealing alloy is determined by the cooling curve. It is required to heat the sample to the specified maximum measurement temperature of 25-50℃, keep it warm for 25min, and cool it at a rate of no more than 5℃/min. The expansion coefficient of the sealing alloy can also be determined by the heating curve. When there is a dispute over the expansion coefficient value, the value measured from the cooling curve shall prevail.
"When the purchaser requires the provision of waist coefficient test samples, it should be stated in the contract. When the expansion alloy is graded by the comparison method, it should be graded according to series pictures I, 1 (1J28). 4 Inspection rules
4.1 Inspection and acceptance
The finished alloy products shall be inspected and accepted by the supplier's technical supervision department. 4.2 Batch rules
The finished products shall be submitted for inspection and acceptance in batches. Each batch shall consist of alloy materials with the same alloy grade, the same furnace (tank) number, the same variety, the same size and the same heat treatment system.
4.3 Sampling quantity
The inspection items and requirements of alloy materials shall be in accordance with the relevant standards. The sampling quantity of the relevant inspection items of the alloy shall comply with the provisions of Table 8. 4.4 Judgment and re-inspection rules
4.4.1 When the expansion coefficient test result is unqualified, double the number of samples shall be taken for re-inspection. If even one sample fails the re-inspection result, the alloy shall be scrapped.
4.4.2 When the grain size and hardness test are unqualified, double the number of samples shall be taken for re-inspection. If even one sample fails the re-inspection result, the alloy shall be scrapped. 14985—94
is qualified, and the batch of alloys will not be accepted. However, it is allowed to inspect each piece, and the products with qualified particle size and hardness can be delivered. 4.4.3 If the alloy phase change inspection fails, it is not allowed to be re-inspected, but it is allowed to be rolled (forged) into a smaller size and resubmitted as a new batch for inspection (excluding 428 alloy).
For the phase change inspection of 4J29, 4J32, 4J34 and 4J40 alloys, it is allowed to replace the smaller size alloy material with the larger size of the intermediate heat number.
4.4.4 When the user requires to test the air tightness of alloy materials, each batch of alloy materials shall be managed according to A and B heads. The air tightness test specimen shall be taken from the A head of the first branch. If the test result is unqualified, another test specimen shall be taken from the A head of the second branch for re-testing. If the re-test result is still unqualified, the batch of alloy shall be scrapped.
4.4.5 If the results of other tests are unqualified, double the number of specimens shall be taken for re-testing of the unqualified items. If the re-test result is still unqualified, the batch of alloy shall be scrapped. Judged to be scrapped. GB/T14985-94
Appendix A
Test method for phase change of expansion alloy
(Supplement)
This method is applicable to the phase change test of expansion alloys of 4J29, 4J31, 4J40, 4J32 and 4J28. A.1 Phase change
In order to meet the matching sealing of the alloy or to have a high degree of dimensional stability under certain environmental conditions, the structure of the alloy should be stable after corresponding treatment, and no phase change is allowed. A.2 Cutting and grinding of samples
A.2.1 The samples can be cut from any part of the finished product. The sampling part of the cooked rolled (forged) material is as specified in Figure A1. Diameter (side length) ≤ 20mml diameter> 20~60mm diameter> 60mm
(the thickness of the sample is 10mm)
Figure A1 Phase change test sampling part
Length> 60mm
A.2.1.1 The polishing of the sample should be a complete cross section, and the longitudinal section can also be used, but the inspection area must be guaranteed. A.2.1.2 The cutting of the sample can be carried out by a cutting machine, and the large cross section of the hot rolled (wounded) material can be cut by a grinding wheel. A.2.1.3 The cut sample should be planed into a flat surface. A.2.1.4 The heat treatment of the sample is carried out according to the relevant material standards. A.2.2 Grinding of the sample; The purpose of grinding is to make the inspection surface initially flat and smooth, and prepare for the polishing of the sample. Grinding can be divided into coarse grinding and fine grinding.
A. 2. 2. 1 Coarse grinding: Use 240# water-abrasive sandpaper to level the planing marks. Fine grinding: Use 260*, 280# water-abrasive sandpaper and 01, 02, 03, 04, 06# metallographic sandpaper for grinding. When grinding, the grinding direction should be changed by 90° between two# sandpapers. The final grinding surface should be a single-direction grinding mark. A.2.2.2 Smaller diameter rods, tubes, wires, strips and irregularly shaped small sealing structures are generally ground after inlaying.
A.3 Polishing and etch-off of the sample
A.3.1 Polishing of the sample
Polishing is the last step in the grinding of the sample. The purpose is to eliminate the fine scratches after fine grinding and obtain a bright mirror surface without scratches. This method adopts electrolytic polishing. Common electrolytic polishing liquid and electrolytic specifications are shown in Table A1. 1
Anhydrous ethanol, ml
A, 3.2 Corrosion of sample
High chlorine ml
GB/T 14985—94
Electrolyte ratio and electrolytic natrium
Glycerol, ml
Acetic acid. ml
Electrolyte, V
20--30
15--20
Commonly used corrosive agents and usage are shown in Table A2.
The sample adopts chemical corrosion method.
Chemical etchants and etching methods
A. 4 Phase change test
Aqueous solution
Water-soluble
Sodium hydroxide and solution
Glycerin
Distilled water
CuC,-2H,0
± Water 50--100ml
Glycerin 50ml
3 parts (sheet)
1 part (concentrated)
Electrolysis conditions
When wet,
Be distilled at room temperature for about 20 s, the color
turns gray
Boil for a few seconds, the color is the desired color
After the etchant is prepared, place it for 20 seconds. mrin
has the best effect, and its corrosion ability weakens after a few hours.
Carrying test method
Above 20 ℃.20 ~ 60 #
Instrument and reagent: thermos, acetone (or anhydrous ethanol), carbon dioxide (dry ice), low temperature thermometer. A.4.1
A,4.2 Cold aging of the sample
Pour an appropriate amount of acetone (or anhydrous ethanol) into the thermos bottle, put dry ice into the bottle and stir to lower the temperature to the required temperature, then put the polished or shoulder-etched sample into the thermos bottle and re-adjust the temperature to the specified temperature. After freezing, take out the sample and warm it to room temperature, rinse it and blow it dry. The freezing temperature and freezing time of the alloy shall comply with the provisions of Table A3. Table A3
Alloy brand
A.4.3 Inspection and evaluation of results
Select freezing temperature,
Freezing time h
Carefully observe the entire polished surface under magnification of 100 to 400 times to see if there is -α martensitic phase transformation. Fe-Cr (4J28) alloy A. 4. 3. 1
Check the needle-shaped martensite at room temperature.
CB/14985—94
A.4.3.2 After the normal temperature martensite is corroded, its needles are black. The cold-refined martensite has a light color and is mostly distributed in groups. When the number is large, it is often distributed in strings along the processing direction. Sometimes strip scratches are observed on the polished surface with the naked eye. This is due to the convexity caused by the expansion of the body during the →α martensite phase transformation. Figure A2 and Figure A:3 are samples without martensite phase transformation and with martensite phase transformation respectively.
Figure A2 Sample without phase transformation
Circle A3 Sample with local phase transformation
Additional remarks:
GE.T 14985
This standard is proposed by the Information Standard Promotion Research Institute of the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry. This standard is drafted by Shaanxi Iron and Steel Research Institute. Standard level mark of this standard
GR/T14985-94I
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