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GB/T 3681-2000 Test method for atmospheric exposure of plastics

Basic Information

Standard ID: GB/T 3681-2000

Standard Name: Test method for atmospheric exposure of plastics

Chinese Name: 塑料大气暴露试验方法

Standard category:National Standard (GB)

state:in force

Date of Release2000-07-03

Date of Implementation:2001-03-01

standard classification number

Standard ICS number:Rubber and plastic industry>>Plastics>>83.080.01 Plastics in general

Standard Classification Number:Chemical Industry>>Synthetic Materials>>G31 Basic Standards and General Methods for Synthetic Resins and Plastics

associated standards

alternative situation:GB/T 3681-1983

Procurement status:neq ISO 877:1994

Publication information

publishing house:China Standards Press

ISBN:155066.1-17156

Publication date:2004-03-29

other information

Release date:1983-05-14

Review date:2004-10-14

Drafting unit:Institute of Synthetic Materials Aging, Ministry of Chemical Industry

Focal point unit:National Technical Committee on Plastics Standardization

Publishing department:General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China

competent authority:China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Association

Introduction to standards:

This standard specifies the method for direct exposure of plastics to natural weather under solar radiation. The purpose is to evaluate the changes in plastics after a specified exposure period. This standard specifies the general requirements for the equipment and operating procedures described in the test method, and also specifies the method for measuring the radiation amount. This standard can be applied to the test of various plastic materials, products and samples taken from products. GB/T 3681-2000 Plastic atmospheric exposure test method GB/T3681-2000 standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

Some standard content:

1(7 83. 080. 01
National Standard of the People's Republic of ChinawwW.bzxz.Net
GB/T 3681—2000
ng 15O 877:1994
Plastics-Test method or exposure to air weathercring2000-07-31 issued
2001-03-01 implementation
State Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau issued
GR/T36812000
This standard is not equivalent to the National Sense of Security 15) 877:19946 Plastics have always been based on atmospheric exposure, general filter outlet light atmospheric quantity and HTe4 flow reflection moonlight industry atmospheric quantity test method 3. But the reputation of the treatment A: This standard S0877:1554 technical program is
1: Only the atmospheric exposure method in the A (one-way release test method), technical content: 2. For the H5 blue wool you standard.
3. The reference standard (TS) 4892) of the experimental space light source thickness test method specified in I541X771954 is not used as the actual application standard.
The previous version of the standard is G/T3681-1S63 "Test Method for Natural Climate Plastic Parts". Compared with the previous version, the main technical content has been changed to the use of radiation instruments, technical requirements, and Appendix A. The provisions on the thickness angle of +5 and the angle of penetration are changed to the standard of different instruments.
This standard is implemented from the beginning. At the same time, GB/T8-1383 is marked as Appendix A. Appendix H is the only reminder: This standard is issued by the Ministry of Chemical Industry of China. This standard is the standard of the whole process of aging of materials. The main source of this standard is the Institute of Materials of the Ministry of Chemical Industry. This standard is at 16% and was first released in July. This is the first revision. This standard is a single person, Zhong Qingming, Dundian. GB3681200
ISO Foreword
1S0 (International Organization for Standardization) This standard describes the various types of standards that are used by various organizations for the preparation of international standards. The work of this organization is carried out by technical committees established by five technical committees. The committees have the right to participate in the work of international non-governmental organizations at the international level. The committees adopt international standard proposals and vote on them. At least one member body must have the right to vote on them. The official international standard IS>&77 is published by ISX)/TC61 as a qualified technical committee. The second edition of the first edition (ES) 87:1976 is the international standard with the annotation requirements marked on it. 1. Standard application of the National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Plastic atmospheric exposure test method
Plastics -Test inethud uf eapusurc lo weatheringGR/T3681—2000
ncy TSO 877:1994
GH/:SFKE
This standard defines the method for the recovery of the natural gas under the influence of natural gas radiation, and the recovery of the plastic after the specified exposure level. This standard specifies the requirements for the use of the device described in the test method, and determines the method for determining the new radiation. 6. The standard is used for the test of various plastic materials, products and imported products. Note 1. The method contains the performance of each chemical! B/T15595.2 Reference standards
The following standards also contain provisions, which are used in this standard as the meaning of this standard. Technical standards are issued at any time, and the versions shown are all valid. The standards may be revised when used. The relevant parties shall discuss and use the most appropriate version of the following standards. 250195 Color change card (15/A021993) GB/T2918-1098 Material test environment standard (dt120291:997) GB/T3151-1957 Color fastness test (agVJS) 105-A01:1994) GB/A42-1S Textile quality: Color fastness test for color fastness to light ( EYV [SO10hBUl14) 3/9352-1988 Thermoplastic plastic parts C15) 293: 1986 GBTI-IS || tt || Material multi-use roller test strip open (y: 1S02167: 193.1) G/T15596-1995 || tt || Material exposed to light or natural climate or human light color performance change Determination (c9vJS382:1980)
B/17037.1-997 Preparation of injection moulded test specimens of thermoplastic materials Part 1: Principle and preparation of multi-purpose test specimens and long test specimens idtS294-1:199)
1S()27-1:1S Annex 9 Materials - Amorphous thermoplastic materials - Preparation of test specimens of defined shrinkage - Part: Column 1S028.8:99 Preparation of plastic moldings 3 Definitions
This document uses the following definitions:
3.1 Direct light is the solar radiant flux projected directly onto a small vertical body with the ether as the center of the object and the angle of incidence is usually about 5°. 3.2 Natural climate test: The material is installed on a test stand with a certain angle or distribution of the material. The material is exposed to the environment for a long time. This exposure band is used to analyze the performance of the material. 3.3 Direct-time table Pyrheliomrl-r
Used to build a point penetration table perpendicular to the projection part of the disk (the beam is perpendicular to the plane of the vehicle body) National Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau 20000731 batch 2C01-03-01 implementation
3.4 Total F radiation table Jyrwr
GB/T 3681 20C0
The total amount of direct sunlight that falls on a unit area per unit time is measured. The energy measured includes direct radiation, incident radiation energy and background reflected radiation energy. 4 Principle
The test sample or the material from which the test sample can be cut or its elongated shape is used as the sample. According to the regulations, after the test sample has been removed from the test channel and the light is measured, the performance of the test sample will change slightly. The test period can be expressed by time interval or by total solar radiation or solar radiation. When the test sample is exposed, the test sample must be measured after the test day. When determining light aging performance, it is a good choice to use radiation dosage as a standard. This is because it can minimize the impact of changes in radiation properties and radiation intensity caused by changes in the temperature, climate, and location over time. Methods for evaluating radiation can include the use of a variety of methods. The method of measuring radiation is to obtain a physical standard for the change in color or other properties after exposure to light over a period of time. The level of change is indicated in the light energy: For determination of changes in dyeing and magnetic properties, the sample must be exposed to light. During the test, the climate and its changes must be monitored and and other harmful substances listed in the test report. 5 Test apparatus
5.1 Exposure test equipment
The equipment used for exposure test is composed of a test frame. The light frame, support frame and other supporting equipment are made of inert materials. Corrosion-resistant alloys, stainless steel or ceramic products are suitable. Weak corrosion agents such as chromium-elastic mixture can also be used. Wood or other materials with different properties will not affect the exposure test: the use of the above materials will produce different results. The sample cannot touch copper, light, copper-zinc alloy, stainless steel and other materials. The metal or other materials listed above shall not be used.
When assembling, the non-support used should be able to install the required inclination, and the distance between any part of the specimen and the ground or other obstacles should not be less than 5m. The specimen can be directly installed on the support or first installed on the support and then fixed on the support. The fixed space should be semi-solid, and the specimen should be placed in a state of minimum stress as much as possible, and the specimen should be allowed to contract, bend and expand by itself. If it is necessary to use a back support for the specimen, or to simulate the use of a support, a flexible material should be used for the back support. For both the following and the selection of the support, please consult.However, if the temperature rise due to the back is not desired or a solid back is not required, the aluminum or unbreakable back shall not be used. The design of the test frame shall be suitable for the type of product. For most applications, a straight frame can be mounted on a support. This frame should be made of horizontal strips of suitable wood and then the product can be fixed to the support frame. The test height and direction to be checked shall be adjustable. 5.2.1 Instruments for measuring meteorological elements 5.2.1.1 The total time meter shall meet or exceed the requirements of the Class II instrument specified by the World Meteorological Organization. In addition, the instrument should be fully calibrated at least once a year and traceable to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 5.2.1.2 The direct point pyranometer should be selected to exceed the requirements of the first-class instrument specified by the World Meteorological Organization. In addition, the receiver should be calibrated to the World Meteorological Reference (RR). 5.2.1.3 When used to determine the storm demand range, the direct point pyranometer should have a light transmission band with a maximum transmission range of ~400Tm and a reception range of ~400Tm/2. 3681—2000
The fishing area and the closed area are closed every day, and the daily operation is relatively large, including the ultraviolet radiation. The total daily UV table is required to be calibrated every year. 5.2.1.4 When the ultraviolet radiation table
is used to determine the stage of the narrow-range ultraviolet radiation, the narrow-range ultraviolet radiation table should be calibrated and required to be calibrated once a year. If necessary, the total stability of the instrument constant should be calibrated frequently. The radiation table should be used with a solar radiation recorder (including a solar radiation recorder). 5.2.1.5 When the solar lip rate deer blue sheep flying standard
is used to determine the thickening stage, it must be in accordance with G3/T8426 A).5.2.2 Other meteorological measurements
Network determination of air temperature, material source concentration, rain barrier, humidity and light hours required by relevant instruments or rolling activities. The test method shall be in accordance with the most required and the relevant parties shall also be consulted and replied
Note, the humidity time and trace amount of the first collection machine shall be similar to the service distribution method. 5 Test specimens
6.1 Shape and preparation
The products can be single slices or other shapes. After exposure, they shall be marked from the samples. The size of the test specimens shall comply with the requirements of the test method used or the period of one or more properties to be determined. The material to be tested is in the form of extruded or molded sheet, or other shapes. The test specimen shall be made directly from it by appropriate methods. The test specimen can be cut into sheets by appropriate methods, and then cut from the sheets: the new preparation method to be used shall be agreed upon with the relevant parties and the cutting method of the material shall be in accordance with the provisions of GB/T352, GB/11997, GB/T1708-1 and 1S02557-1.
If the test material is in the form of extruded material, molded material, or other shapes, the test specimen can be made from the material before and after exposure, which depends on the special needs of the test and the quality of the material. For example, for materials that will be obviously deformed by natural weather aging, they should be tested in the shape they are in, because it is difficult to machine after exposure. On the other hand, for materials that may be separated at the edge (such as laminated materials), the samples should be cut in sheet form after exposure. 4: Methods for taking test pieces by machine processing S2819 When determining the performance of a certain product, the product should be as close as possible to the product. When the size of such a product or component is sufficient to cover the test period, it should be recorded in its original form. For example, if the sheet material is collected and Bruni uses it to cut the sample, then the surface should not be exposed. When cutting the sample from the sheet, it should be cut at a distance of not less than 20m from the edge of the sample and the fixed mounting or support frame (this support frame is not related to the material). In order to simulate the material, the height of the component should be not less than 20m. When preparing the sample, any lower part should not be removed by the signature table. The sample used for comparative test should have the closest stage of the surface and the unit. 6.2 Number of samples
In order to determine one or more properties of the device, The number of specimens for each test condition or stage shall be at least the number specified in the test method:
5: For the determination of the stability of the material. The number of specimens to be recorded shall be the number specified in the relevant national "Standards for the performance of materials in atmospheric aging". The total number of specimens collected shall determine the required performance values ​​and the performance after each stage. 6.3 Storage and conditioning
If the test method selected is mechanical processing and pretreatment activities are necessary for the preparation of the specimens, the processing conditions shall be recorded in detail.
Before testing, the specimens shall be processed in accordance with the appropriate material specifications and in accordance with the test limits. The material requirements or the treatment sequence used shall be checked: if the treatment period does not reach the maximum value specified in 6B/18. If the time is short and will have a significant impact on the subsequent test (such as the test piece is very sensitive to moisture and/or the test piece has been exposed to extremely partial air conditions), then it should be verified! The test period of the month should be 1 month. The samples must be placed in the above test conditions under the cold killing conditions and stored in the GT9R under the standard environment conditions. Note 3: Early material advertising The color will change when the product is working, especially after the material is self-saturated. 7 Test conditions
7.1 Method of application
The product exposure direction is fixed to the south. The test device is tested according to one of the following conditions: An inclination angle with the water surface is selected to obtain the maximum annual total solar radiation. In the northern latitude area of ​​​​the United States, the angle of inclination with the horizontal plane should be less than the latitude angle by 1°
) To wait for the full solar radiation of the year, the area south of the central latitude of 100 degrees north, the inclined distribution with the horizontal should be 5 to 10\
design: to the full, the satellite is close to the total solar radiation point, and the distribution of the element with the horizontal plane is 19\||. Let, not for special months, the special results can be obtained by using this month, the annual point can be loaded with a single large-area protection device, 45 or When the pressure is higher than the actual pressure, the 7.2 vegetable group location
ticket test point is located in the open space far from trees and buildings: for the angle of 15° to the left, the angle of elevation is greater than 20° and there is no obstacle within the range of about 45°, including the selected frame, for the angle less than 3°, there is no obstacle within the range of more than 2° in the north direction. Unless there are other requirements, keep the soil natural, such as grassland in warm climate areas, or sand pools in desert areas. In addition, for applications where the ribbon is shorter than it may be exposed to sunlight, such as pine bushes or forest, care should be taken in selecting these areas to assess growth, mosquitoes and decay. 5) Exposure facilities and channels may not fully alter the environment and may have a significant impact on the sensitivity of the test. Note: In order to provide the most reliable indicator, the test should be carried out at a number of different temperature points, with a comparison of the complexity of the test points during the recent period. 7.3 Notes on specimens
Unless otherwise specified, the test specimens for determining changes in color and mechanical properties shall be exposed to the atmosphere in the absence of a backing or support (see 5.1), and the back of the specimen shall be exposed to the atmosphere in the absence of a backing or support (see 6.1). If the back of the specimen is used for social changes, the specimen shall be viewed as a specimen. When the village or support material group. 1, the design agent and the support material will show the most rapid design of the product, the product quality test list! When the material is expected to be used in direct contact with the special material, the test can be changed to consider this requirement.
8 exposure stage
regardless of the test point, the sample will be tested after the cabinet with the same stage stock. The specified stage is used as the coordination of the test. The half-length is a kind of change in the degree of energy change: the band is considered to be the most reliable result and the exposure point is the characteristic of the performance of the sample. The following methods are used to determine the performance of the sample. The exposure period is 8.1 months, 507, 15 only, CB/13681-2000, unless otherwise specified, the exposure period is used from the bottom up, months: 1.3, 6, #, 1, 1.5, 2, 5, 4.6
The exposure test is less than 1 year, and its station channel depends on the exposure rate of this "year". For longer exposure stages, the effect of seasons is reduced, but the test results still depend on the season of exposure (such as starting in autumn or starting in autumn). 8.2 Solar radiation
When the maximum solar aging is reached, the most important reason for the plastic aging after solar exposure is that the exposure stage can be determined according to the amount of solar radiation the sample receives. Although the determination of the exposure stage is only one of the optional methods, the test inspector should measure the exposure stage in the technical standard. 82.1 Determination of solar radiation by instrument The method of determining the energy of radiation should be used to estimate the energy of radiation. The instrument should be installed in the shade of the sample. 2.1.1 Total solar exposure For exposure tests, the solar illuminance should be measured on a meter with three parallel faces. The test receiver should be flat. The total solar illuminance is expressed in J/cm2. If the receiver is placed at an angle greater than [1/2] to the water line, care should be taken to ensure that no objects are reflected unevenly onto the receiver. Ensure that the total solar illuminance meter matches the sample as closely as possible before recording. The glass of the meter should be washed with deionized water or deionized water every 1 hour and a soft mirror should be used.
8.2.1.7 The total radiation energy within the specified filter range is used to determine the total illuminance. In addition to measuring the basic radiation and the visible light, the total radiation of all infrared components is measured. The energy difference of the infrared component does affect the irradiance of the product. It has a direct photochemical effect on the atmospheric aging of plastics. In order to better limit the measurement of the photochemically active wavelength range, mainly the ultraviolet part of the solar spectrum.
: The total UV meter that meets the requirements of 5.2.1.8 can be used to determine the total UV within the 300rm to 400mum wide band. Another method is to use an additional band insolation meter that meets the requirements of 3.2.1, 4. In both cases, when the ultraviolet radiation meter is used for determination or monitoring, the method of safety and maintenance in 8.3.1 shall be followed. The required UV radiation should be expressed in J/". 8.2.2 Standard for sun-drying blue sheep || tt || According to the specification of G/T426, the light fastness of the sheep is evaluated by the three-degree blue standard. Note 11: Under the condition of ten dyeing conditions, the quantity is good and the limit is not strictly controlled. The transparent element is checked when entering the test column. There is no standard device or standard post before the material is exposed to the most sensitive light. Although most materials are particularly sensitive to the ultraviolet region of the sunlight spectrum, they are not particularly sensitive to the ultraviolet light. This depends on the material. Its chemical composition and physical properties.
9Procedure
91Sample Anba Service Character
Monthly Love Silk Support Light Parts! Change Holder Climb Test Table on the bracket point sound evil on the support frame, ensure that there is enough space between the connectors and the board to see a sufficient size of the test area as required for the optical test and machine filter test after the test, the research and guarantee month in the machine test shape according to its shape without breach, with the standard, etc., properly fixed to ensure that there will be no force on the test frame
on each test column back currency to stop the difficult to eliminate the record and To distinguish the parts that may be affected by mechanical communication stations. For long-term inspection, the detailed layout can be limited. If necessary, a part of the test block can be covered by a non-aging material during the test. A light-sensitive patrol area is formed in the storage area to make a file comparison. The maintenance method can be used to check the process of drug exposure, but the reported data is determined by comparing the test sample with the average time of the extended storage sample.
GB/T36812000
Design 12: A sample made of a kind of natural material. In the corresponding period or exposure , the strict rate of the year of interest control is solved, 9.2 The safety of the radiation and standard materials
The tax-determined safety radiation instrument or the standard material of the eye 8.2, the safety eye 9. The safety test machine in the industry shall be placed in the standard wool standard, and it shall be closer to the test sheet to ensure that the requirements of the attached A are met.
13: The blue sheep number three sound is used for the plastic surface test of the number of fabric tests. When the exposure stage of the material is confirmed, it is recognized that this method has "heavy use restrictions",
9.3 Meteorological observation
Record all meteorological cases and changes in the test results. 9.4 Test specimens
Unless otherwise specified in the specification, the test specimens shall not be washed during exposure. If they need to be decontaminated, they shall be decontaminated with distilled water or water of equivalent purity. Be careful not to scratch the surface of the test specimens.
The test specimens shall be inspected and maintained regularly to record the general condition of the test specimens and to repair damaged or broken equipment and to re-fix the moving parts. In particular, they shall be re-contaminated after the last exposure. 9.5 Determination of performance
After the test specimens have passed one or more basic stages, they shall be collected in the test device and the appearance, mechanical properties and changes of the test specimens shall be determined in accordance with GJ/T15596 and appropriate test methods. Finally, the test shall be repeated as many times as required by the conditions and the time interval between the end of decontamination and the start of the test shall be recorded. Consider whether to adjust the subsequent test cycle based on the proposed test results. 10.1 Determination of changes in properties Determine the desired changes in properties in accordance with national standard procedures and test methods (see GB/T 1556). 10.7 Climatic conditions 10.2.1 Classification of climate conditions Our climate is divided into six types (see Appendix B). The climate classification given is based on the influence of climatic conditions on the aging properties of plastics. It is expected that the effects of different climate conditions will be significantly different. As the key influence on the classification of this area, the ocean and industrial components may have a significant impact on the local temperature resistance of this area. These factors constitute the microclimate of the test site. In coastal areas, the atmosphere may contain a certain amount of natural gas. The samples may be exposed to more intense sunlight and age more rapidly than in non-desert areas. Industrial areas reduce the effects of solar radiation on samples, while pollution and dust make the effects of moisture more pronounced.
10.2.7 Climate
The climate of the region should generally be described by type and specific conditions. The following detailed observations should be made: 10.2.2.1 Temperature
) Measure the monthly average of the maximum temperature
The average of the indoor temperature!
) Measure the high and low temperatures.
10.2.2.2 Relative humidity
a) Daily maximum relative humidity (average in the first half of the day);
c) Monthly average relative humidity (maximum relative humidity):
c) Monthly range of variation.
10.2.2.3 Maximum relative humidity (maximum value) (time elapsed [years]):
b) Total exposure to solar radiation, expressed in [/n]. 15.2.2.4 Rainfall (a) Total precipitation (expressed in h); (b) Total monthly rainfall (expressed in h); (c) Total monthly wet hour (expressed in h); 10.2.2.5 Monthly tidal time (expressed in percentage); (d) Monthly tidal time percentage (expressed in percentage). 10.2-2.6 Other observations (a) Other observations such as regional speed and wind direction, the extent and nature of any atmospheric pollution, total ultraviolet radiation exposure (if measured), and chemical characteristics of the region should also be recorded. 11 Test report
The test report should include the following information:
1) Detailed description of the product
1) Detailed description of the product and the additives: 2) Detailed description of the ingredients, such as curing time and temperature (when such operation is performed) 3) Preparation method for the test.
b) Test method used
|) Details of the test method
1) Limitation method (such as light and temperature) Location of the test site (such as latitude, longitude, temperature change, annual climate characteristics, etc.): 3) Type of self-diagnosed model, give references, 4) Backing, support frame and connection, if used, should be stated: 5) Method for determining the data stage!
Total constant temperature, total UV and radiation, including the method used for measurement) Clean water section (if any, should be stated).d) Test results 1) Sample exposure time (exposure stage) and the time from taking the sample off the exposure rack to the time when it can be measured. 2) Test results (B) 15596 Required results A1 Overview CB/T3681-2000 (Appendix to the standard) Use blue wool standard to measure light energy Blue wool standard textile test is derived from plastics due to its availability. Plastics need longer exposure period than standard fabrics, so continuous use is required. The following is an introduction to the blue wool standard for paper. It is known that the blue wool standard is sensitive to light in the stem, and it is worth considering the effectiveness of the blue wool standard in plastic: However, our current or effectiveness and according to their number of medicines and training instructions, this should still be applied to the whole material test. Step A2 || tt || The blue wool standard (GP: 426) includes a root loss card A1 from 1 to 8. The color difference of the blue wool is lighter than the two levels and the technical system (GB250). The legal pain (layer price segment) Therefore, when the color of the standard 1 and 4 levels is combined, the color difference of the standard 2 and gray is generally 1/11, and the heat exposure stage 271 and so on to forget 4 The exposure stage of level 9/1. To determine the arrival time of each recording stage, the oral and brain color car benefit standard should be checked regularly. When the basic need stage B/1 is reached, the first group of color standards are discarded and the second new standard 8 is placed. The first standard 8 is difficult to compare with the technical exposure standard: the performance is still anti-English, etc., and the exposure stage of F is 8/2. Then the first standard 3 is discarded and the third standard 9 is placed. When this standard shows level 4 again, it is the actual 5/3 of the ball:
Repeat as needed to get the recording stage 8/4.., until 8/N (see Table A1). Design: Only when there is a "set and operation" can the level standard be completed. 1
Blue standard 1 sub-chemical sitting quality 4th grade
Sa in standard 2 changes section 4 paper
Ba color standard 3 changes to ask card 4th grade
Ba color standard 4 changes blank table F4th grade
Color standard *5 changes to ask card 4th grade
Color standard 6 changes to charcoal 4th grade
Blue giant standard changes north to Yan card 4th grade
First blue school fence chemical to card 4th section
Second small blue giant standard range changes rate card 4th edition first group blue work standard 1 changes to forget company level
Air fast out
Positive tropical weather image
Highland weather work
Desert air model
CB/T 3681 2000
Appendix B
【Records】
Main climate types in my country
Western China is hot
Air transport heat loss, humidity
Annual cropland total: 40~53C3/
Annual cumulative precipitation 3
Three precipitations 150mm
Humidity level lower than salt belt: Most of the non-Huatai villages are used to tug villages 1 300-=0C0MT/m
rent 00--4 to
annual precipitation 120315002
guarantee and. set up the damp heat target
year Taiyue total volume 600--80mM.1/m
annual accumulation 4500--=6X
annual precipitation zone 603--7m
atmospheric exploration and change control, Wuping District
annual total volume! 600~800J
annual package 0
annual precipitation--6XTT
annual change, low outside the state step part
E radiation! 92UJ/m
The air suddenly extinguished the second fire, the wind and sand were strong, it was hotter and colder in winter, and the temperature was expected to be greater than 0
Temperature limit T
South of Nanzhou Peninsula
Hainan Island
Taiwan, France, and other places
South of Changyue
Sichuan Blue Land
Northern Taiwan, and other places
North of Dongleng Wei River
Nanguan Construction Area
East = Youbu, and other places
New Taipei City East District
Xianghai, Yi, and other places
South of Xindao Peishi Six Salt Land
Inner Yu Western and other learning areas
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