GB/T 28002-2002 Occupational Health and Safety Management System Guidelines
Some standard content:
ICS13.100
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T280022002
Occupational health and safety management system
Occupational health and safety management system--Guidance2002-12-24Promulgated
People's Republic of China
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine
2003-06-01Implementation
GB/T28002--2002
The national standard system structure of "Occupational Health and Safety Management System" is as follows:-GB/T28001--2001 "Occupational Health and Safety Management System Specification"; GB/T280022002 "Occupational Health and Safety Management System Guide". The purpose of formulating this standard is to provide corresponding implementation guidelines for the specific requirements in GB/T28001. For ease of use, this standard puts the basic content of GB/T28001 in a box. The contents in the box are not the contents of this standard. This standard covers all the technical contents of HSAS18002:2000 "Guidelines for Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems" and takes into account the technical contents of existing international literature on occupational health and safety management systems, such as BS8800:1996 "Guidelines for Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems".
This standard does not intend to contain all the necessary clauses in a contract. Users shall be responsible for the application of this standard. Users' compliance with the provisions of this standard does not exempt them from the legal responsibilities they should bear. Appendices A, B and C of this standard are informative appendices. This standard was proposed and coordinated by the China Standards Research Center. The drafting units of this standard are: China Standards Research Center, China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment, Peking University. The main drafters of this standard are: Chen Yuanqiao, Fang Qing, Liu Zhuohui, Bai Dianyi, Li Qiang, Chen Quan, Wu Jing, Wang Fengtai, Jiang Tiebai, Wang Sheng. 338
1 Scope
Guidelines for Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems
GB/T 28002—2002
This standard provides general recommendations for the application of (GB/28001-2001 "Occupational Health and Safety Management System Specification"). In order to help understand and implement GB/T28001, this standard explains the basic principles of GB/T28001 in comparison with the requirements in GB/T28001, and explains the intentions, typical inputs, processes and typical outputs of each requirement. This standard neither makes additional requirements for the provisions specified in GB/T28001, nor makes mandatory provisions for the implementation methods of GB/T28001.
This standard applies to occupational health and safety, not product and service safety. GB/T28001 Occupational Health and Safety Management System Specification 1 Scope
This standard puts forward requirements for occupational health and safety management systems, It aims to enable an organization to control occupational health and safety risks and improve its performance. It does not propose specific occupational health and safety performance criteria, nor does it make specific provisions for designing management systems. This standard applies to any organization that wishes to: establish an occupational health and safety management system to eliminate or reduce the occupational health and safety risks that employees and other interested parties may face due to the organization's activities; b) implement, maintain and continuously improve the occupational health and safety management system; c) make itself convinced that it can comply with the declared occupational health and safety policy; d) confirm this compliance to the outside world; e) seek certification of its occupational health and safety management system by an external organization; f) self-identify and declare compliance with this standard. All requirements in this standard are intended to be incorporated into any occupational health and safety management system. The extent of its application depends on factors such as the organization's occupational health and safety policy, the nature of its activities, and the risks and complexity of its operations. This standard is aimed at occupational health and safety, not product and service safety. 2 Normative references The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For any dated referenced document, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, parties to an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to investigate whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For any undated referenced document, the latest version applies to this standard. GB/T19021.1---1993 Guide to Quality System Audits (idtIS)10011-1:1990) Assessment Criteria for Quality System Auditors (idtIS010011-2:1991) (GB/T19021.2--1993 Guide to Quality System Audits GB/T19021.3-1993 Guide to Quality System Audits. Work Management (idtISO10011-3:1991) GB/T24010-1996 Guide to Environmental Audits General principles (idtISO14010:1996) GB/T24011-1996 Environmental audit guide Audit procedures Environmental management system audit (idtIS) 14011:1996) 339
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(BT21012:1996 Environmental audit guide Environmental auditor qualification requirements (idtJS0) 14012:1996) G13T28001·-2001 Occupational health and safety management system specification 3 Terms and definitions
(The terms and definitions in B/T23001 apply to this standard. GB/T28001 Occupational Health and Safety Management System Specification 3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 3.1
Accident
An unexpected situation that causes death, illness, injury, damage or other losses. 3.2
Audit
See the definition in 3.9.1 of (GB/T19000-2000. 3.3
Continuous improvement is the process of improving the overall performance of occupational health and safety. According to the occupational health and safety policy, the organization strengthens the occupational health and safety management system:
Note: This process does not have to occur in all areas of activity at the same time. 3.4
Hazard
The root cause or state that may lead to injury or illness, property loss, damage to the working environment, or a combination of these situations. 3.5www.bzxz.net
Hazard identification identificationThe process of identifying the presence of a hazard and determining its characteristics. 13.6
incident
A situation that results in or could result in an accident.
Note: An incident whose result is not illness, injury, damage or other loss is also called a "near-miss" in English. In English, the term "incident" includes "near-misses".
interested parties
Individuals or groups related to or affected by the OH&S performance of an organization.3.8
non-conformance
Any deviation from a standard, practice, procedure, regulation, management system performance, etc., which could result in direct or indirect injury or illness, property loss, damage to the working environment, or a combination of these.3.9
objectives
The goals to be achieved by the organization in terms of OH&S performance. 3.10
Occupational health and safety (OHS)GB/T 28002---2002
Conditions and factors affecting the health and safety of employees, temporary workers, partners, visitors and other personnel in the workplace3.11
occupational health and safety management system (OHSMS)Occupational health and safety management system
Part of the overall management system that facilitates the organization's management of occupational health and safety risks related to its business. It includes the organizational structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources required to formulate, implement, achieve, review and maintain the occupational health and safety policy.
Organization
See the definition in 3.3.1 of GB/T19000--2000. Note: For an organization with more than one operating unit, a separate operating unit can be regarded as one organization. 3.13
Performance
The measurable results of the occupational health and safety management system related to the control of occupational health and safety risks of the organization, based on the occupational health and safety policy and objectives.
Note 1: Performance measurement includes the measurement of occupational health and safety management activities and results. Note 2: "Performance\ may also be called\ results". 3.14
Risk risk
The combination of the probability and consequence of a specific hazardous situation. 3.15
Risk assessment
The whole process of evaluating the size of the risk and determining whether the risk is tolerable. 3.16
Safety
The state in which unacceptable risk of harm is eliminated. 3.17
Tolerable risk
The risk that has been reduced to a level acceptable to the organization based on the organization's legal obligations and occupational health and safety policy. Note! In some documents, the term "risk assessment" includes "hazard identification, risk determination and selection of appropriate risk reduction or control measures" - this process. GB/T28001 and this standard mention the individual parts of this whole process separately, and use the term "risk assessment" to represent the first step of this whole process, namely risk determination.
Note 2: "Establishment" means a certain kind of permanence. Only when all system elements are truly implemented can the system be considered to have been established. "Maintain" means that the system - ! ! ! is established and continues to operate. This requires the organization to make positive efforts, not only to establish the system, but also to maintain the system. (Many elements of B/I28001 (e.g., detection and corrective actions, management review, etc.) are intended to ensure that the system is actively maintained. 4 Elements of occupational health and safety management system
4.1 General requirements
4.1.1 Requirements of GB/T28001
GB/T28002—2002
GB/T28001 Occupational Health and Safety Management System Specification General Requirements
The organization shall establish and maintain an occupational health and safety management system. Chapter 4 describes the requirements for occupational health and safety management. Management system requirements. The occupational health and safety management system model is shown in Figure 1. Continuous improvement
Occupational health and safety
Management review
Implementation and operation
Inspection and corrective measures
Figure 1 Occupational health and safety management system model
The organization should establish and maintain an occupational health and safety management system that meets all the requirements of GB/T28001, which helps the organization meet the requirements of occupational health and safety regulations. The level of detail and complexity of the occupational health and safety management system, dedicated to the occupational health and safety management system The amount of documentation and resources required will depend on the size of the organization and the nature of its activities. An organization is free and flexible to determine the scope of implementation of the system, either across the entire organization or in its specific operating units or activities.
When determining the scope of implementation of the occupational health and safety management system, the organization should be cautious and should not attempt to limit its scope to exclude an operation or activity that is required for the overall operation of the organization or that may affect the occupational health and safety of employees and other interested parties from being evaluated.
If an organization implements GB/T 28001 in a specific operating unit or activity, the occupational health and safety policies and procedures developed by other operating units or activities of the organization may be adopted to help meet the requirements of GB/T 28001, but these policies or procedures may need to be slightly modified or supplemented to ensure that they are applicable to the operating unit or activity. 4.1.3 Typical inputs
All input requirements for the implementation of GB/T 28001 are described in this standard. 342
4.1.4 Typical outputs
GB/T 28002-2002
The typical output is an effectively implemented and maintained occupational health and safety management system that helps the organization to continuously improve its occupational health and safety performance.
4.2 Occupational health and safety policy
4.2.1 Requirements of GB/T28001
GB/T28001 Occupational Health and Safety Management System Specification 4.2 Occupational Health and Safety Policy
The occupational health and safety policy is shown in Figure 2.
Management review
Occupational health
Safety policy
Figure 2 Occupational health and safety policy
Feedback on performance measurement
The organization should have an occupational health and safety policy approved by the top management, which should clearly state the overall occupational health and safety objectives and the commitment to improve occupational health and safety performance. The OH&S policy should: a) be appropriate to the nature and scale of the OH&S risks of the organization; b) include a commitment to continual improvement; include a commitment to comply with, at a minimum, current OH&S legislation and other requirements accepted by the organization; be documented, implemented and maintained; communicated to all employees so that they are aware of their OH&S obligations; e) be available to interested parties; and be reviewed regularly to ensure that it remains relevant and appropriate to the organization. g) 4.2.2 Intent The OH&S policy establishes the overall direction and principles of action for the organization. It defines the OH&S responsibilities and performance objectives required throughout the organization and demonstrates the formal commitment of the organization to good OH&S management, in particular the commitment of the organization's top management. The documented OH&S policy statement should be proposed and approved by the organization's top management. NOTE The OH&S policy should be consistent with the organization's overall business policies and the policies of other management approaches (e.g. quality management and environmental management). 4.2.3 Typical inputs
When formulating the occupational health and safety policy, managers should consider the following aspects: policies and objectives related to the overall business of the organization; ... - the organization's occupational health and safety hazards; - regulations and other requirements;
. ... - the organization's past and current occupational health and safety performance; 343
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The needs of other interested parties;
Opportunities and needs for continuous improvement;
Required resources:
Employee participation;
: "Participation of contractors and other external personnel. 4.2.4 Processes
The organization's top management should propose and approve the OH&S policy with reference to the following aspects, but it is essential that the OH&S policy be communicated and managed by top management." A concise and effectively communicated OH&S policy that: a) is appropriate to the nature and scale of the organization's OH&S risks Hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control are at the core of a successful OH&S management system and should be reflected in the organization's OH&S policy.
The policy should be consistent with the organization's future vision and be realistic, neither exaggerating nor minimizing the nature of the risks faced by the organization. b) Includes a commitment to continual improvement
Societal expectations place increasing pressure on organizations to reduce the risk of illness, accidents and incidents in the workplace. In addition to legal responsibilities, organizations should aim to effectively and adequately improve their OH&S performance and OH&S management system to meet changing business and regulatory requirements.
Although the OH&S policy statement may cover a wide range of activities, planned performance improvements should be expressed in OH&S objectives (see 4.3.3) and managed through the OH&S management programme (see 4.3.4). Includes the organization's commitment to comply with at least existing occupational health and safety laws and other requirements accepted by the organization. The organization should comply with existing occupational health and safety laws and other occupational health and safety requirements. The occupational health and safety policy commitment is a public confirmation of the organization's obligation to comply with occupational health and safety laws and other requirements (if not more stringent than the laws and other requirements, at least in accordance with the laws and other requirements) and its intention to do so. Note: "Other requirements" refer to, for example, community or group policies, the organization's own internal standards or specifications, or codes of conduct accepted by the organization. c) Document, implement and maintain
Planning and preparation are the key to successful implementation. Unrealistic occupational health and safety policy statements and occupational health and safety objectives are usually caused by insufficient or inappropriate resources provided. Before making any public statements, the organization should ensure that the necessary funds, technology and resources are available and that all occupational health and safety objectives can actually be achieved. In order for the occupational health and safety policy to truly play a role and have an impact, the organization should document the occupational health and safety policy and regularly review its continued suitability and improve or revise it as necessary. Communicate to all employees so that they are aware of their respective OH&S obligations t)
Employee involvement and commitment are essential to successful OH&S. Employees must be aware of the impact of OH&S management on the quality of their own work environment. The organization should encourage employees to make an active contribution to the organization's OH&S management. Unless employees (at all levels, including management) understand their responsibilities and are able to perform the tasks required, they are unlikely to contribute effectively to OH&S management. This requires that the organization clearly communicates the OH&S policy and objectives to employees so that they have a basis for comparison and against which to measure their own OH&S performance. f) Accessible to interested parties
Any interested party may be particularly interested in the organization's OH&S policy statement. Therefore, the organization should have a process for communicating the OH&S policy to them and ensure that interested parties can obtain the OH&S policy upon request, but it is not necessary to proactively provide the policy document.
) Regular review to ensure that it remains relevant and appropriate to the organization3-44
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Since change is inevitable, regulations are constantly evolving, and social expectations are constantly increasing, the organization's occupational health and safety policy and management system need to be reviewed regularly. To ensure its continued suitability and effectiveness. If the policy needs to be revised, the organization should communicate the revised policy as much as possible. 4.2.5 Typical output
The typical output is a comprehensive, easy-to-understand occupational health and safety policy that is communicated to the entire organization. 4.3 Planning
GB/T28001 Occupational Health and Safety Management System Specification 4.3 Planning
Planning is shown in Figure 3.
Occupational health and safety policy
Implementation and operation
Figure 3 Planning
4.3.1 Planning for hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control4.3.1.1 Requirements of GB/T28001
GB/T28001 Occupational Health and Safety Management System Specification4.3.1 Planning for hazard identification, risk assessment and risk controlPerformance measurement
Feedback
The organization shall establish and maintain procedures to continuously identify hazards, assess risks and implement necessary control measures. These procedures shall include:
Routine and non-routine activities:
Activities of all persons entering the workplace (including contractors and visitors): Facilities in the workplace (whether provided by the organization or outsiders)The organization shall ensure that the results of these risk assessments and the effectiveness of controls are taken into account when establishing occupational health and safety objectives, and document this information and keep it updated in a timely manner.
The organization's approach to hazard identification and risk assessment should be: determined based on the scope, nature and timing of the risk to ensure that the approach is proactive rather than reactive; - specify risk classification to identify risks that can be eliminated or controlled by the measures specified in 4.3.3 and 4.3.4; - appropriate to operating experience and the capabilities of the risk control measures taken; - provide input information for determining facility requirements, identifying training needs and/or conducting operational controls; - specify monitoring of the required activities to ensure their timely and effective implementation. 345
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4.3.1.2 Intent
After performing the hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control processes, the organization should have an accurate overall assessment of all significant occupational health and safety hazards within its scope.
Note: See Note 1 to Clause 3.
The hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control processes and their outputs should serve as the basis for the overall occupational health and safety management system. It is important to establish clear and significant links between the hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control processes and other elements of the occupational health and safety management system. The links between the requirements of 4.3.1 of GB/T 28001 and other requirements can be determined in accordance with 4.3.1.3 and 4.3.1.5.
The purpose of this standard is to establish some principles by which an organization can determine whether specific hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control processes are appropriate and sufficient, but it is not the purpose of this standard to provide advice on how to implement these activities. Note: In order to increase relevant reference information, Appendix B lists the reference translation of the content related to hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control in the Appendix [(Informative Appendix) of BS8800:1996 "Guidelines for Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems" related to hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control. However, it should be noted that some of the statements in this appendix may differ from this standard.
The hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control processes should enable the organization to continuously identify, evaluate and control its occupational health and safety risks.
In any case, both normal and abnormal operation within the organization, as well as potential emergency situations, should be considered. The complexity of the process of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control depends largely on factors such as the size of the organization, the situation of the workplace within the organization, the nature and complexity of the hazards, and their importance. The purpose of 4.3.1 of GB/T28001 is not to force small organizations with limited hazards to carry out complex hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control activities. The process of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control should consider the cost and time of performing these three processes, as well as the availability of reliable information. Information obtained for the development of regulations or other purposes can be used in these processes. For control measures that already cover the occupational health and safety risks under consideration, the organization can also consider their actual control level. By considering the inputs and outputs related to the organization's current and past activities, processes, products and (or) services, the organization should determine what its occupational health and safety risks are. For organizations that do not have an occupational health and safety management system in place, the organization should determine its current occupational health and safety risk status through an initial review, the purpose of which is to consider all occupational health and safety risks faced by the organization and establish an occupational health and safety management system on this basis. The organization may wish to consider the following aspects (but not limited to) in its initial review: - Regulatory requirements;
Identification of the OH&S risks faced by the organization; Review of all current OH&S management practices, processes and procedures; Evaluation of investigation data from past incidents, accidents and emergencies. Depending on the nature of the activity, methods suitable for the initial review may include: Checklists;
. Interviews
· Direct inspections and measurements:
Results of previous management system audits or other reviews. It is worth emphasizing that the initial review cannot replace the established systematic approach given in the rest of 4.3.1. 4.3.1.3 Typical inputs
Typical inputs include:
: Occupational health and safety regulations or other requirements (see 4.3.2); Occupational health and safety policy (see 4.2);
Event and accident records:
Non-conformities (see 4.5.2),
Occupational health and safety management system audit results (see 4.5.4); 346
: Communication with employees and other relevant parties (see 4.4.3); GB/T28002—2002
…· Information on consultation, review and improvement activities for employees in the workplace (these activities may be proactive or reactive in nature);
-- Information on best practices, typical hazards associated with the organization, and incidents and accidents that have occurred in similar organizations;
-- Information on the organization's facilities, processes and activities, including the following: Details of change control procedures;
· Site plan;
· Process flow chart;
Inventory of hazardous materials (raw materials, chemicals, waste, products, by-products);
· Toxicology and other occupational health and safety information; Monitoring information (see 4.5.1);
, workplace environment information.
4.3.1.4 Process
4.3.1.4.1 Hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control4. 3. 1. 4. 1. 1,
In principle, risk management measures should first consider eliminating the hazard (if feasible), then consider reducing the risk (reducing the likelihood or potential severity of injury or damage), and finally consider the use of personal protective equipment. The process of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control is the main means of risk management.
For different industries, the process of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control is very different. Some industries are simple quantitative evaluations, while others involve complex quantitative analysis with a lot of documents. However, they are all designed to enable organizations to plan and implement hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control processes that are suitable for their needs and workplace conditions, and help comply with all occupational health and safety regulations. The process of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control should be implemented as a proactive rather than reactive measure. That is, the process of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control should be carried out before the introduction of new or modified activities or procedures, and any necessary risk reduction and control measures identified should be implemented before changes occur. For ongoing activities, the organization should promptly update the documents, information and records related to hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control, and expand these documents, information and records to cover these activities before introducing new business developments, new or modified activities. The process of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control applies not only to the "normal" operation of equipment and procedures, but also to regular or temporary operation (for example, cleaning and maintenance of equipment), and to the start-up or shutdown of equipment. Although the organization has written procedures to control a specific hazardous task, it still needs to continuously perform the process of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control for the operation of the procedure.
In addition to considering the hazards and risks arising from the activities of the organization's own employees, the organization should also consider the hazards and risks arising from the activities of contractors and visitors, and the use of externally provided products or services. 4.3.1.4.1.2 Process of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control The organization should document the process of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control, and include the following components: ... Hazards Source identification;
Risk assessment
· Determination of the level of residual risk (may take into account: the degree of exposure to a particular hazard; the likelihood of injury or damage; the severity of the consequences of injury or damage) assuming that existing (or proposed) risk control measures have been implemented;
· Evaluation of the tolerability of residual risk;
Risk control:
· Identification of additional risk control measures required: 347
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· Evaluation of whether risk control measures are sufficient to reduce the risk to an tolerable level In addition, the process of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control should also include the determination of the following aspects: For any form of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control to be used, Determine its nature, timing, paradigm and method:
…Applicable regulations or other requirements:
\…． The role and authority of the person responsible for performing this process; the competence requirements and training needs of the personnel who will perform this process (see 1.4.2) (it may be necessary for the organization to use external consultants or services. This depends on the nature or type of process used): the use of information from employee occupational health and safety consultation, evaluation and improvement activities (these activities may be proactive in nature. It can also be reactive);
How to consider the risk of human error within this process to be checked; Hazard sources posed by the expiration and aging of materials, devices or equipment (especially when these materials, devices or equipment are stored). 4.3.1.4.1.3 Post-activity
After performing the hazard source Following the identification, risk assessment and risk control process: · there is clear evidence that timely and complete implementation of any necessary corrective or preventive actions (see 4.5.2) identified is monitored (further hazard identification and risk assessment may be required to reflect changes to proposed risk control measures and to determine revisions to the assessment of residual risk); · feedback should be provided to management on the progress and results of the completion of corrective or preventive actions as input to management review (see 4.6) and to the revision or establishment of new OH&S objectives; · the organization should be able to determine whether the competence of personnel performing specific hazardous tasks is consistent with the necessary risk control requirements as determined by the risk assessment process; · feedback from subsequent operating experience should be used to improve the process or revise the data on which it is based (if appropriate). 4.3.1.4.2 Review of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control (see 4.6) The hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control process should be reviewed at predetermined times or intervals as specified in the OH&S policy document or as determined by management. This period may vary, depending on the following: "the nature of the risk source; the magnitude of the risk; changes in normal operation; changes in feedstocks, raw materials and chemicals, etc. A review should be performed if changes within the organization call into question the validity of the existing evaluation. Such changes may include the following: expansion, reduction, restriction, reallocation of responsibilities, changes in working methods or behavior patterns. 4.3.1.5 Typical outputs There should be a documented procedure that covers the following aspects: hazard identification; ... and the identification of hazards. 33.18 Identification of the risks associated with the sources; Indication of the level of risk associated with each hazard, whether or not it is tolerable; Description or reference to measures to monitor and control risks (see 4.4.6 and 4.5.1), particularly for risks that are not tolerable; Establishment of occupational health and safety objectives and measures to reduce the identified risks (see 4.3.3), and any follow-up activities to monitor the progress of risk reduction, if applicable; Capabilities to implement control measures and identification of training needs (see 4.4.2); Necessary control measures (see 44.6), which should be described in detail as part of the operational control elements of the system: 33.19
In principle, risk management measures should first consider eliminating the hazard (if feasible), then consider reducing the risk (reducing the likelihood or potential severity of injury or damage), and finally consider the use of personal protective equipment. The process of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control is the main means of risk management.
For different industries, the process of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control is very different. Some industries are simple quantitative assessments, while others involve complex quantitative analysis of a large number of documents, but they are all designed to enable organizations to plan and implement hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control processes that are suitable for their needs and workplace conditions, and help comply with all occupational health and safety regulations. The process of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control should be implemented as a proactive rather than a reactive measure. That is, the process of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control should be carried out before introducing new or modified activities or procedures, and any necessary risk reduction and control measures that have been identified should be implemented before changes occur. For ongoing activities, the organization should update the documents, information and records related to hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control in a timely manner, and expand these documents, information and records to cover these activities before introducing new business developments, new or modified activities. The process of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control applies not only to the "normal" operation of equipment and procedures, but also to regular or temporary operations (for example, cleaning and maintenance of equipment), and to the start-up or shutdown of equipment. Although the organization has written procedures to control a specific hazardous task, it still needs to continuously perform the process of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control for the operation of the procedure.
In addition to considering the hazards and risks arising from the activities of the organization's own employees, the organization should also consider the hazards and risks arising from the activities of contractors and visitors, and the use of externally provided products or services. 4.3.1.4.1.2 Process of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control The organization should document the process of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control, and include the following components: ... Hazards Source identification;
Risk assessment
· Determination of the level of residual risk (may take into account: the degree of exposure to a particular hazard; the likelihood of injury or damage; the severity of the consequences of injury or damage) assuming that existing (or proposed) risk control measures have been implemented;
· Evaluation of the tolerability of residual risk;
Risk control:
· Identification of additional risk control measures required: 347
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· Evaluation of whether risk control measures are sufficient to reduce the risk to an tolerable level In addition, the process of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control should also include the determination of the following aspects: For any form of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control to be used, Determine its nature, timing, paradigm and method:
…Applicable regulations or other requirements:
\…． The role and authority of the person responsible for performing this process; the competence requirements and training needs of the personnel who will perform this process (see 1.4.2) (it may be necessary for the organization to use external consultants or services. This depends on the nature or type of process used): the use of information from employee occupational health and safety consultation, evaluation and improvement activities (these activities may be proactive in nature. It can also be reactive);
How to consider the risk of human error within this process to be checked; Hazard sources posed by the expiration and aging of materials, devices or equipment (especially when these materials, devices or equipment are stored). 4.3.1.4.1.3 Post-activity
After performing the hazard source Following the identification, risk assessment and risk control process: · there is clear evidence that timely and complete implementation of any necessary corrective or preventive actions (see 4.5.2) identified is monitored (further hazard identification and risk assessment may be required to reflect changes to proposed risk control measures and to determine revisions to the assessment of residual risk); · feedback should be provided to management on the progress and results of the completion of corrective or preventive actions as input to management review (see 4.6) and to the revision or establishment of new OH&S objectives; · the organization should be able to determine whether the competence of personnel performing specific hazardous tasks is consistent with the necessary risk control requirements as determined by the risk assessment process; · feedback from subsequent operating experience should be used to improve the process or revise the data on which it is based (if appropriate). 4.3.1.4.2 Review of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control (see 4.6) The hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control process should be reviewed at predetermined times or intervals as specified in the OH&S policy document or as determined by management. This period may vary, depending on the following: "the nature of the risk source; the magnitude of the risk; changes in normal operation; changes in feedstocks, raw materials and chemicals, etc. A review should be performed if changes within the organization call into question the validity of the existing evaluation. Such changes may include the following: expansion, reduction, restriction, reallocation of responsibilities, changes in working methods or behavior patterns. 4.3.1.5 Typical outputs There should be a documented procedure that covers the following aspects: hazard identification; ... and the identification of hazards. 33.18 Identification of the risks associated with the sources; Indication of the level of risk associated with each hazard, whether or not it is tolerable; Description or reference to measures to monitor and control risks (see 4.4.6 and 4.5.1), particularly for risks that are not tolerable; Establishment of occupational health and safety objectives and measures to reduce the identified risks (see 4.3.3), and any follow-up activities to monitor the progress of risk reduction, if applicable; Capabilities to implement control measures and identification of training needs (see 4.4.2); Necessary control measures (see 44.6), which should be described in detail as part of the operational control elements of the system: 33.19
In principle, risk management measures should first consider eliminating the hazard (if feasible), then consider reducing the risk (reducing the likelihood or potential severity of injury or damage), and finally consider the use of personal protective equipment. The process of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control is the main means of risk management.
For different industries, the process of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control is very different. Some industries are simple quantitative assessments, while others involve complex quantitative analysis of a large number of documents, but they are all designed to enable organizations to plan and implement hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control processes that are suitable for their needs and workplace conditions, and help comply with all occupational health and safety regulations. The process of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control should be implemented as a proactive rather than a reactive measure. That is, the process of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control should be carried out before introducing new or modified activities or procedures, and any necessary risk reduction and control measures that have been identified should be implemented before changes occur. For ongoing activities, the organization should update the documents, information and records related to hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control in a timely manner, and expand these documents, information and records to cover these activities before introducing new business developments, new or modified activities. The process of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control applies not only to the "normal" operation of equipment and procedures, but also to regular or temporary operations (for example, cleaning and maintenance of equipment), and to the start-up or shutdown of equipment. Although the organization has written procedures to control a specific hazardous task, it still needs to continuously perform the process of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control for the operation of the procedure.
In addition to considering the hazards and risks arising from the activities of the organization's own employees, the organization should also consider the hazards and risks arising from the activities of contractors and visitors, and the use of externally provided products or services. 4.3.1.4.1.2 Process of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control The organization should document the process of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control, and include the following components: ... Hazards Source identification;
Risk assessment
· Determination of the level of residual risk (may take into account: the degree of exposure to a particular hazard; the likelihood of injury or damage; the severity of the consequences of injury or damage) assuming that existing (or proposed) risk control measures have been implemented;
· Evaluation of the tolerability of residual risk;
Risk control:
· Identification of additional risk control measures required: 347
GB/T28002-—2002
· Evaluation of whether risk control measures are sufficient to reduce the risk to an tolerable level In addition, the process of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control should also include the determination of the following aspects: For any form of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control to be used, Determine its nature, timing, paradigm and method:
…Applicable regulations or other requirements:
\…． The role and authority of the person responsible for performing this process; the competence requirements and training needs of the personnel who will perform this process (see 1.4.2) (it may be necessary for the organization to use external consultants or services. This depends on the nature or type of process used): the use of information from employee occupational health and safety consultation, evaluation and improvement activities (these activities may be proactive in nature. It can also be reactive);
How to consider the risk of human error within this process to be checked; Hazard sources posed by the expiration and aging of materials, devices or equipment (especially when these materials, devices or equipment are stored). 4.3.1.4.1.3 Post-activity
After performing the hazard source Following the identification, risk assessment and risk control process: · there is clear evidence that timely and complete implementation of any necessary corrective or preventive actions (see 4.5.2) identified is monitored (further hazard identification and risk assessment may be required to reflect changes to proposed risk control measures and to determine revisions to the assessment of residual risk); · feedback should be provided to management on the progress and results of the completion of corrective or preventive actions as input to management review (see 4.6) and to the revision or establishment of new OH&S objectives; · the organization should be able to determine whether the competence of personnel performing specific hazardous tasks is consistent with the necessary risk control requirements as determined by the risk assessment process; · feedback from subsequent operating experience should be used to improve the process or revise the data on which it is based (if appropriate). 4.3.1.4.2 Review of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control (see 4.6) The hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control process should be reviewed at predetermined times or intervals as specified in the OH&S policy document or as determined by management. This period may vary, depending on the following: "the nature of the risk source; the magnitude of the risk; changes in normal operation; changes in feedstocks, raw materials and chemicals, etc. A review should be performed if changes within the organization call into question the validity of the existing evaluation. Such changes may include the following: expansion, reduction, restriction, reallocation of responsibilities, changes in working methods or behavior patterns. 4.3.1.5 Typical outputs There should be a documented procedure that covers the following aspects: hazard identification; ... and the identification of hazards. 33.18 Identification of the risks associated with the sources; Indication of the level of risk associated with each hazard, whether or not it is tolerable; Description or reference to measures to monitor and control risks (see 4.4.6 and 4.5.1), particularly for risks that are not tolerable; Establishment of occupational health and safety objectives and measures to reduce the identified risks (see 4.3.3), and any follow-up activities to monitor the progress of risk reduction, if applicable; Capabilities to implement control measures and identification of training needs (see 4.4.2); Necessary control measures (see 44.6), which should be described in detail as part of the operational control elements of the system: 33.192) its timely and complete implementation is monitored (further hazard identification and risk assessment may be required to reflect changes to proposed risk control measures and to determine revisions to the assessment of residual risk); Feedback should be provided to management on the progress and results of the completion of corrective or preventive actions as input to management review (see 4.6) and to the revision or establishment of new OH&S objectives; The organization should be able to determine whether the competence of employees performing specific hazardous tasks is consistent with the necessary risk control requirements as determined by the risk assessment process; Feedback from subsequent operating experience should be used to improve the process or revise the data on which it is based (if appropriate). 4.3.1.4.2 Review of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control (see 4.6) The hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control processes should be reviewed at predetermined times or intervals as specified in the OH&S policy document or at predetermined times as determined by management. This period may vary, depending on the following: "the nature of the risk source; the magnitude of the risk; changes in normal operation; changes in feedstocks, raw materials and chemicals, etc. A review should be performed if changes within the organization call into question the validity of the existing evaluation. Such changes may include the following: expansion, reduction, restriction, reallocation of responsibilities, changes in working methods or behavior patterns. 4.3.1.5 Typical outputs There should be a documented procedure that covers the following aspects: hazard identification; ... and the identification of hazards. 33.18 Identification of the risks associated with the sources; Indication of the level of risk associated with each hazard, whether or not it is tolerable; Description or reference to measures to monitor and control risks (see 4.4.6 and 4.5.1), particularly for risks that are not tolerable; Establishment of occupational health and safety objectives and measures to reduce the identified risks (see 4.3.3), and any follow-up activities to monitor the progress of risk reduction, if applicable; Capabilities to implement control measures and identification of training needs (see 4.4.2); Necessary control measures (see 44.6), which should be described in detail as part of the operational control elements of the system: 33.192) its timely and complete implementation is monitored (further hazard identification and risk assessment may be required to reflect changes to proposed risk control measures and to determine revisions to the assessment of residual risk); Feedback should be provided to management on the progress and results of the completion of corrective or preventive actions as input to management review (see 4.6) and to the revision or establishment of new OH&S objectives; The organization should be able to determine whether the competence of employees performing specific hazardous tasks is consistent with the necessary risk control requirements as determined by the risk assessment process; Feedback from subsequent operating experience should be used to improve the process or revise the data on which it is based (if appropriate). 4.3.1.4.2 Review of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control (see 4.6) The hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control processes should be reviewed at predetermined times or intervals as specified in the OH&S policy document or at predetermined times as determined by management. This period may vary, depending on the following: "the nature of the risk source; the magnitude of the risk; changes in normal operation; changes in feedstocks, raw materials and chemicals, etc. A review should be performed if changes within the organization call into question the validity of the existing evaluation. Such changes may include the following: expansion, reduction, restriction, reallocation of responsibilities, changes in working methods or behavior patterns. 4.3.1.5 Typical outputs There should be a documented procedure that covers the following aspects: hazard identification; ... and the identification of hazards. 33.18 Identification of the risks associated with the sources; Indication of the level of risk associated with each hazard, whether or not it is tolerable; Description or reference to measures to monitor and control risks (see 4.4.6 and 4.5.1), particularly for risks that are not tolerable; Establishment of occupational health and safety objectives and measures to reduce the identified risks (see 4.3.3), and any follow-up activities to monitor the progress of risk reduction, if applicable; Capabilities to implement control measures and identification of training needs (see 4.4.2); Necessary control measures (see 44.6), which should be described in detail as part of the operational control elements of the system: 33.19
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