Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Photometric characteristics
of headlamps for motor vehicles1 Subject content and scope of application
This standard specifies the photometric characteristics, test methods and inspection rules of headlamps for motor vehicles. This standard applies to various types of headlamps used for M and N category vehicles. 2 Referenced standards
GB4785 Number, position and light color of external lighting and signal devices for motor vehicles and trailers 3 Terminology
3.1 Photometric characteristics
The distribution of the luminous intensity (illuminance or luminous intensity, etc.) of visible light emitted by a lamp. 3.2 Low beam
GB 4599—94
Replaces GB4599-84
When there are other road users in front of the vehicle, the short-range lighting beam used without causing dazzle or discomfort to the other party. 3.3 High beam
When there are no other road users in front of the vehicle, the long-range lighting beam used. 3.4 Photometric lens
Lens composed of one or more optical units according to the requirements of photometric performance. 3.5 Lighting group
A combination of photometric lens, reflector and light source (bulb or luminous filament assembly). 3.5.1 Sealed lighting group
A lighting group that is combined into an inseparable whole. 3.5.2 Semi-sealed lighting group
A lighting group in which the photometric lens and reflector are fixedly combined and the bulb can be removed and replaced. 3.6 Sealed headlamp
A headlamp using a sealed lighting group.
3.7 Semi-sealed headlamp.
A headlamp using a semi-sealed lighting group. 3.8 Single beam
A lighting group in which only one filament produces low beam or high beam. 3.9 Double beam
A lighting group in which two filaments can emit light separately, one produces low beam and the other produces high beam or auxiliary beam designed as required. 3.10 Nominal voltage
The voltage (in V) marked on the bulb (enclosed lighting unit), approved by the State Bureau of Technical Supervision on September 28, 1994 and implemented on May 1, 1995
3.11 Nominal power
GB4599--94
The power (in W) marked on the bulb (enclosed lighting unit) or its packaging. 3.12 Test voltage
The terminal voltage used when testing the photoelectric parameters of a bulb or lighting unit. 3.13 Standard bulb
The bulb used to test the photometric performance, with a colorless bulb shell and reduced filament geometric dimension tolerances. Each model of standard bulb only specifies one nominal voltage.
3.14 Standard headlamp
A headlamp equipped with a standard bulb, with an effective light transmission diameter of not less than 160mm, and with a maximum value of its photometric performance not greater than 90% of the maximum value specified in this standard, and a minimum value not less than 120% of the minimum value specified in this standard. 3.15 Photometric luminous flux
The luminous flux of the bulb specified in the photometric test of a semi-enclosed headlamp (or other automotive lamps). 3.16 Photometric screen
The screen for testing the photometric performance of the lamp.
3.17 Cut-off line
The dividing line where the light projected onto the photometric screen changes sharply as perceived by the eye. 3.18 Aiming
The positioning of the light on the photometric screen during the photometric test. 3.19 Reference axis
The characteristic axis of the automotive lamp, indicated by the manufacturer on the drawing. 3.20 Reference centre
The point of intersection of the reference axis and the surface of the light distribution screen. 3.21 HV point, hh line and - line
3.21.1 HV point
The horizontal line passing through the reference centre to the foot of the perpendicular to the light distribution screen. 3.21.2h-h line
The horizontal line passing through the HV point on the light distribution screen. 3.21.3V-v line
The plumb line passing through the HV point on the light distribution screen. 4 Provisions for the same type of headlamp
Headlamps that do not differ in the following main aspects: trade name and trademark;
characteristics of the optical system;
additional accessories that can change the optical effect by reflection, refraction or absorption; providing a low beam, a high beam, or both. d.
5 General provisions
5.1 Headlamps shall be designed and manufactured to meet the use requirements and the photometric performance requirements of this standard even when subjected to vibration under normal use conditions.
5.2 For the installation of bulbs of semi-enclosed headlamps, it shall be ensured that the bulbs can be installed in the correct position even in the dark, that is, the positioning pins can accurately enter the positioning grooves (with appropriate dimensions), and the bulbs will be obviously skewed when installed in the wrong position. 5.3 The light color and chromaticity characteristics of headlamps shall comply with the provisions of GB4785. 174
6 Enclosed light groups and bulbs used in headlamps GB4599-94
6:1 Enclosed light groups used in enclosed headlamps shall comply with the provisions of Table 1. Table 1
Light transmission diameter or size, mm
Nominal voltage, V3)
Dual beambzxZ.net
Nominal power, W
Single beam
Test voltage, V
Dual beam
Power under test voltage
and its tolerance, W4)
Single beam
Note: 1) The power and other provisions of this specification are temporarily for trial use. 2) Its light transmission diameter or size refers to incandescent lamp. $136
Incandescent lamp
100×1651)
3) The closed-type lighting group with a nominal voltage of 24 V is under study. 4) The power tolerance only stipulates the maximum value, and its lower limit range is subject to the minimum value of Table 3 and Table 4. 6.2 The bulb products used in semi-enclosed headlights shall comply with the provisions of Table 2. Table 2
Bulb model
Nominal voltage, V
Nominal power
Test voltage, V
Incandescent lamp
132×1901)
Halogen tungsten lamp
Halogen tungsten lamp (H. type)
Bulb model
Under test
voltage
Luminous flux
Lamp holder model
Incandescent lamp
GB4599-94
Continued Table 2
400~~550||t t||(400~550（400~570)
P45t-41
15501900
±15%±15%
Note: ①In the "Under test voltage" column, R, the lamp is the data under the nominal voltage. ②The data in brackets are only suitable for vehicles other than cars. 7 Light distribution performance
18002150
±15%±15%
Halogen tungsten lamp
±20%）
（±20%
（±20%)
（±20%±20%)
7.1 The light distribution of the headlamp should ensure that the low beam has sufficient illumination and no glare, and the high beam has good illumination. P43t-38
7.2 The light distribution performance should be measured on a vertical light distribution screen passing through the HV point 25m in front of the reference center of the headlamp. The specific layout of the light distribution screen is shown in the figure.
Road center line
7.3 Light distribution requirements for low beam
V zone 150V
7.3.1 On the light distribution screen, the low beam should produce a clear light and dark cutoff The horizontal part of the line is on the left side of the v-line, and the right side is a slant line 15° upwards from the horizontal line, or a 45° upwards slant line to the horizontal line and then turns horizontal at a vertical distance of 25 cm. 7.3.2 The illuminance limit on the light distribution screen shall comply with the provisions of Table 3. 176
Test point or
Test area
Any point in zone I
Any point in zone N
Any point in zone 1
Maximum value
Note: 1) 0.3 for single beam and 0.4 for double beam. 2) EsoR is the measured illuminance of 50R.
GB4599—94
Incandescent headlamp
Minimum value
Maximum value
0.3,0.41)
Halogen tungsten headlamp
Minimum value
7.3.3 In the 1, 1, I and NV areas, there should be no obvious sudden change in the illumination between adjacent areas in the horizontal direction, so as not to affect good visibility. 7.4 High beam lighting requirements
7.4.1 The illuminance limit on the light distribution screen shall comply with the provisions of Table 4. Table 4
Test point or
Test area
HV point to 1 125L and R
HV point to 2250L and R
Palace maximum value
incandescent headlamp
minimum value
maximum value
halogen headlamp
7.4.2 For a dual-beam halogen headlamp, the maximum illuminance of its high beam shall not be greater than 16 times the illuminance of its low beam tested at the 75R point. 7.5 The effective area of the illuminance test on the light distribution screen shall be contained in a square with a side length of 65mm. 7.6 Yellow light headlamp
minimum value
7.6.1 The lighting requirements for high beam shall comply with the provisions of Article 7.4, and the lighting requirements for low beam shall comply with the provisions of Article 7.3, but the minimum value of the illuminance limit, sealed incandescent headlamp, sealed halogen headlamp and semi-sealed H, tungsten halogen headlamp shall reach 0.84 and 0.85 times the minimum value specified in Table 3 respectively.
7.6.2 Semi-enclosed yellow headlamps may be replaced with colorless light distribution mirrors of the same geometric shape to become white headlamps. The light distribution requirements shall comply with the provisions of Articles 7.3 and 7.4. 177
8 Test methods
8.1 Test darkroom, devices and equipment
GB4599-94
8.1.1 The test darkroom shall be free of light leakage and have normal temperature and humidity and environmental conditions that do not affect the light transmittance and instrument accuracy. 8.1.2 The color of the light distribution screen shall be easy to aim at. During the light distribution test, stray light shall be eliminated and only the direct light of the lamp shall enter the detector. 8.1.3 A DC regulated power supply shall be used for the light distribution test. 8.1.4 The accuracy of the electrical instrument used for the light distribution test shall not be less than Class 0.2. The detector of the illuminance meter shall use a photoelectric device, and its indication error shall not exceed ±4% of the full scale (a first-class illuminance meter in the national verification regulations). 8.2 Voltage and luminous flux during photometric test 8.2.1 For sealed headlamps, photometric tests are required to be conducted at the nominal voltage. 8.2.2 For semi-sealed headlamps, photometric tests should be conducted with standard bulbs at the photometric flux specified in Table 5. Table 5
Bulb model
Around 12 V
8.3 Before the photometric test, the bulb or sealed light group should be ignited at the voltage during the test so that its light performance tends to be stable. 8.4 Aiming before photometric test
8.4.1 Aiming of dual-beam headlamps
8.4.1.1 The low beam is used as the aiming reference, that is, after the low beam is aimed, no further adjustment is allowed for the high beam test. 8.4.1.2 Aiming of low beam
Vertical direction: Place the horizontal part of the cut-off line 25 cma below the hh line.
b. Horizontal direction: Place the corner of the cut-off line on the - line. If the corner is unclear, the illumination of 75R and 50R shall prevail.
8.4.1.3 When aiming, it is allowed to cover part of the photometric mirror to make the cut-off line clear and easy to see. Whether the aiming is correct or not is determined within the range of 5 (219 cm) to the left and right of the visual vv line. 8.4.1.4
8.4.1.5 After the above adjustment, if the low beam still cannot meet the requirements, it is allowed to adjust the cut-off line to the left or right in the horizontal direction but not more than 1° (44 cm). In the vertical direction, the cut-off line shall not exceed the hh line. 8.4.2 Aiming of single-beam headlamps
8.4.2.1 Aiming of single high-beam headlamps shall be carried out with the brightest area of the beam aligned with the HV point. 8.4.2.2 Aiming of single low-beam headlamps shall be carried out in accordance with 8.4.1.2 to 8.4.1.5. 9 Inspection rules
9.1 There are two types of inspections of headlamp photometric performance: a. Type inspection;
b. Product consistency inspection.
9.2 The photometric performance of semi-enclosed headlamps shall be inspected by installing standard bulbs. In case of objections, it is allowed to replace the standard bulbs and retest. 9.3 The bulbs of semi-enclosed headlamp devices shall be certified products. 9.4 Type inspection of headlamp photometric performance
9.4.1 The requirements for determining the consistency of headlamp types shall be in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 4 of this standard. 9.4.2 The manufacturer shall provide:
GB 4599-94
Three copies of drawings sufficient to identify the characteristics of the headlamp of this type, including a detailed characteristic structure diagram of the light distribution lens; 2 headlamp sample lamps (semi-enclosed headlamps shall also include bulbs). 9.4.3 Each sample lamp shall comply with the provisions of Chapters 5 and 6 of this standard. 9.4.4 Each sample lamp shall comply with the provisions of Chapter 7 of this standard after testing in accordance with the test method of Chapter 8 of this standard. 9.5 Product consistency inspection of headlamp photometric performance 9.5.1 For products that have passed the type inspection, randomly selected sample lamps shall be used to determine the consistency of the product. The sampling method shall be specified separately. 9.5.2 The randomly selected sample lamps shall comply with the provisions of Chapters 5 and 6 of this standard. 9.5.3 The randomly selected sample lamps shall comply with the following requirements according to the test method of Chapter 8 of this standard. 9.5.3.1 Choose one of the two low beam modes: a. The low beam illumination limit is relaxed by 20% according to the provisions of Table 3, but B50L is relaxed by 0.21x and Zone 1 is relaxed by 0.31x. The effective test area of low beam B50L, 75R, 50R, 25L and 25R is expanded to a circle with a radius of b.
15cm with each test point as the center. The height of Zone V is reduced from 37.5cm to 22.5cm, and the width remains unchanged. Except for B50L, which is allowed to be relaxed by 0.11x according to the provisions of Table 3 and Zone 1 by 0.31x, the other illumination limits are still in accordance with the original provisions. 9.5.3.2 The high beam illumination limit is relaxed by 20% according to the provisions of Table 4, and the HV point is relaxed to 0.75Ema. Additional remarks:
This standard is proposed by China National Automotive Industry Corporation. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Automotive Standardization. This standard was drafted by Shanghai Automotive Lighting Research Institute and the main drafter of this standard is Zhou Guoping.2 Aiming of single-beam headlamps
8.4.2.1 Aiming of single high-beam headlamps shall be carried out with the brightest area of the beam aligned with the HV point. 8.4.2.2 Aiming of single low-beam headlamps shall be carried out in accordance with 8.4.1.2 to 8.4.1.5. 9 Inspection rules
9.1 There are two types of inspections of headlamp photometric performance: a. Type inspection;
b. Product consistency inspection.
9.2 The photometric performance of semi-enclosed headlamps shall be inspected by installing standard bulbs. In case of objections, it is allowed to replace the standard bulbs and retest. 9.3 The bulbs of semi-enclosed headlamp devices shall be certified products. 9.4 Type inspection of headlamp photometric performance
9.4.1 The requirements for determining the consistency of headlamp types shall be in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 4 of this standard. 9.4.2 The manufacturer shall provide:
GB 4599-94
Three copies of drawings sufficient to identify the characteristics of the headlamp of this type, including a detailed characteristic structure diagram of the light distribution lens; 2 headlamp sample lamps (semi-enclosed headlamps shall also include bulbs). 9.4.3 Each sample lamp shall comply with the provisions of Chapters 5 and 6 of this standard. 9.4.4 Each sample lamp shall comply with the provisions of Chapter 7 of this standard after testing in accordance with the test method of Chapter 8 of this standard. 9.5 Product consistency inspection of headlamp photometric performance 9.5.1 For products that have passed the type inspection, randomly selected sample lamps shall be used to determine the consistency of the product. The sampling method shall be specified separately. 9.5.2 The randomly selected sample lamps shall comply with the provisions of Chapters 5 and 6 of this standard. 9.5.3 The randomly selected sample lamps shall comply with the following requirements according to the test method of Chapter 8 of this standard. 9.5.3.1 Choose one of the two low beam modes: a. The low beam illumination limit is relaxed by 20% according to the provisions of Table 3, but B50L is relaxed by 0.21x and Zone 1 is relaxed by 0.31x. The effective test area of low beam B50L, 75R, 50R, 25L and 25R is expanded to a circle with a radius of b.
15cm with each test point as the center. The height of Zone V is reduced from 37.5cm to 22.5cm, and the width remains unchanged. Except for B50L, which is allowed to be relaxed by 0.11x according to the provisions of Table 3 and Zone 1 by 0.31x, the other illumination limits are still in accordance with the original provisions. 9.5.3.2 The high beam illumination limit is relaxed by 20% according to the provisions of Table 4, and the HV point is relaxed to 0.75Ema. Additional remarks:
This standard is proposed by China National Automotive Industry Corporation. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Automotive Standardization. This standard was drafted by Shanghai Automotive Lighting Research Institute and the main drafter of this standard is Zhou Guoping.2 Aiming of single-beam headlamps
8.4.2.1 Aiming of single high-beam headlamps shall be carried out with the brightest area of the beam aligned with the HV point. 8.4.2.2 Aiming of single low-beam headlamps shall be carried out in accordance with 8.4.1.2 to 8.4.1.5. 9 Inspection rules
9.1 There are two types of inspections of headlamp photometric performance: a. Type inspection;
b. Product consistency inspection.
9.2 The photometric performance of semi-enclosed headlamps shall be inspected by installing standard bulbs. In case of objections, it is allowed to replace the standard bulbs and retest. 9.3 The bulbs of semi-enclosed headlamp devices shall be certified products. 9.4 Type inspection of headlamp photometric performance
9.4.1 The requirements for determining the consistency of headlamp types shall be in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 4 of this standard. 9.4.2 The manufacturer shall provide:
GB 4599-94
Three copies of drawings sufficient to identify the characteristics of the headlamp of this type, including a detailed characteristic structure diagram of the light distribution lens; 2 headlamp sample lamps (semi-enclosed headlamps shall also include bulbs). 9.4.3 Each sample lamp shall comply with the provisions of Chapters 5 and 6 of this standard. 9.4.4 Each sample lamp shall comply with the provisions of Chapter 7 of this standard after testing in accordance with the test method of Chapter 8 of this standard. 9.5 Product consistency inspection of headlamp photometric performance 9.5.1 For products that have passed the type inspection, randomly selected sample lamps shall be used to determine the consistency of the product. The sampling method shall be specified separately. 9.5.2 The randomly selected sample lamps shall comply with the provisions of Chapters 5 and 6 of this standard. 9.5.3 The randomly selected sample lamps shall comply with the following requirements according to the test method of Chapter 8 of this standard. 9.5.3.1 Choose one of the two low beam modes: a. The low beam illumination limit is relaxed by 20% according to the provisions of Table 3, but B50L is relaxed by 0.21x and Zone 1 is relaxed by 0.31x. The effective test area of low beam B50L, 75R, 50R, 25L and 25R is expanded to a circle with a radius of b.
15cm with each test point as the center. The height of Zone V is reduced from 37.5cm to 22.5cm, and the width remains unchanged. Except for B50L, which is allowed to be relaxed by 0.11x according to the provisions of Table 3 and Zone 1 by 0.31x, the other illumination limits are still in accordance with the original provisions. 9.5.3.2 The high beam illumination limit is relaxed by 20% according to the provisions of Table 4, and the HV point is relaxed to 0.75Ema. Additional remarks:
This standard is proposed by China National Automotive Industry Corporation. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Automotive Standardization. This standard was drafted by Shanghai Automotive Lighting Research Institute and the main drafter of this standard is Zhou Guoping.
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