Some standard content:
1CS 03. 100. 30
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T23859—2009
The time measurement method of lahor quota2009-03-09 Issued
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China Standardization Administration of China
2009-09-01 Implementation
Terms and definitions
Operation requirements
Time points
Duration
Time measurement record sheet
Observation period
Number of observations
Abnormal values
2.8 Combined operation elements
3 Scope and conditions of application of timing methods
3.1 Scope of application
3.1.1 Work improvement
3.1.2 Formulate and revise time quotas
3.2 Application materials
4 Methods and requirements for timing
4.1 Methods of timing.
4. 1.1 Continuous time measurement method
4.1.2 Cyclic time measurement method
4.1.3 Overall time measurement method
4.2 Requirements for time measurement
4.2.1 Preparation before time measurement
Observation and recording
4.2.3 Time measurement data processing
4.2.4 Improvement plan
Appendix A (informative appendix)
Appendix B (informative appendix)
Appendix ((informative appendix))
Time measurement record sheet
Instructions for use of the rational limit method (three times standard deviation method) to eliminate outliers
GB/T23B59—2009
Appendix A, B and C of this standard This standard is an informative appendix. This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Labor Quota and Staffing Standardization. GB/T23859-2009
The drafting units of this standard are: Labor and Wage Department of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, Labor Standards Professional Committee of China Labor Society, China Tobacco Industry Group Corporation.
The drafters of this standard are Wang Zhihong, Wu Baoliang, Zheng Shuhong, and Liu Shengxue. GB/ 23859—2009
To give full play to the basic role of labor quota and staffing in enterprise management, this standard specifies the time measurement method and requirements in factory labor quota and staffing work.
The application of the "Time Measurement Method" standard to formulate labor quota and staffing standards is more accurate, reasonable, applicable and advanced. It will play a positive role in promoting enterprise management, enhancing enterprise competitiveness and market advantages, improving work efficiency and labor productivity, reducing product costs and improving economic benefits.
1 Scope
Labor quota time measurement method
This standard specifies the labor quota time measurement work procedures, time measurement methods and requirements. This standard is applicable to the analysis and research of working time consumption in the production process of enterprise products and the formulation of time quotas. 2 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 2.1
Work factors
A unit that can fully realize a specific and standard process. 2.2
appointed time
GB/T 23859—2009
The boundary mark between two adjacent operating elements in a process. When the operator reaches the time point according to the process, it marks the end of the previous operating element and the beginning of the next operating element. 2.3
continue time
The time value obtained by a complete observation of a certain operating element (or process). 2.4
measuring the time record table for observation and time measurement.
Observation period prognosticate the period observe a complete process,
prognosticale the number of observations
The number of times the operating elements of the process are observed and measured during the time measurement process. 2.7
Abnormal value
The duration of an excessive or undersized operation element in the timing sequence due to the influence of abnormal factors. 2.8
Combination homework main factor The timing unit composed of several continuous operations. 3 Scope and conditions of application of timing methods
3.1 Scope of application
3.1.1 Work improvement
a) Analyze the detailed situation of various time consumption of workers in the labor process; b) Improve the operation method and eliminate the reasons for time loss; ) Provide a basis for accurately formulating time quota standards and further formulating and revising time quotas. 1
CB/T23859-—2009
3.1.2 Formulate and revise time quotas
Formulate and revise time quotas based on the consumption of various quota times in the labor process. 3.2 Applications
a) Applicable to the above sequence as the time measurement object and relatively concentrated production and working places: L) Need to obtain the cooperation of the managers of the production workplace and the time measurement objects to maintain the original production and working status; C) The time measurement personnel should undergo prior training, be familiar with the classification of time consumption, and master the methods and essentials of time measurement. 4 Time measurement methods and requirements
4. 1 Time measurement methods
4. 1. 1 Continuous time measurement method
Use a stopwatch as a time measurement tool + observe each operation element of the process in sequence and continuously record its start and end time. Technical requirements for continuous time measurement method:
a) The duration of the divided operation elements should be greater than 0.1min; 1) The determined timing point should be obvious and easy to identify, and the signs that can clearly distinguish the start and end of the operation elements from the sound and feeling should be selected:) Below. Before the timing point of the operation element appears, the observation and recording of the time of the operation element should be completed. 4. 1. 1. 1 Use of stopwatch
Before the start of the measurement, start the stopwatch at the beginning of the first operating element of the first operation cycle of the measurement, and stop the stopwatch after the observation of each operating element is completed at the end of the last operation cycle of the measurement. 4. 1. 1. 2 Observation and recording
a) Starting from the first operating element of the first operation period, observe the stopwatch reading at the timing point of each operating element; b) Record the stopwatch reading at each operating element timing point in the end time column of the corresponding operation cycle of the operating element in the measurement record.
4. 1. 1. 3 Calculation of operating element duration The operating element duration is the difference between the end corrected time of each operating element and the corrected time of the previous operating element. 4. 1. 2 Cyclic Timing Method
Use a stopwatch as a timing tool, combine several operating elements (operating elements - 1>) according to the operation sequence of the process, and finally obtain the duration of the task.
Technical requirements for cyclic timing method:
) There are obvious timing points between the operating elements: b) The timing stopwatch should be a digital electronic stopwatch with an accuracy of 1.7/1000 nin: The observation point should be a place where the timing point of the operation should be clearly observed! ) The number of observations should be greater than the number of sequential operating elements. 4. 1. 2. 1 Use of stopwatch
Reset to zero seconds before the start of the timing, start the stopwatch at the beginning of the combined operating element, stop the stopwatch at the last timing point of the combined operating element, and start the stopwatch again at the beginning of the next combined operating element. The stopwatch continues to time until the observation of a group (number of operating elements) of combined operating elements is completed, and the stopwatch is reset. b. At the end of the observed combined operation element, read the stopwatch reading, and record the stopwatch reading of each observed combined operation element in the corresponding observation sequence (group) time column of the combined operation element in the timing record table. 4.1.2.2 Operation duration calculation 4.1.2.2.1 Calculation of the end time of each combined operation element The duration of the combined operation element is the difference between the end time recorded in the timing record table of each combined operation element itself and the end time recorded in the timing record table of the previous combined operation element. 2
4.1.2.2.2 Calculation of duration of operating elements GB/T 23859—2009
According to the operation sequence of the process steps, reduce the number of operating elements in descending order into one group, add up the duration of each combined operating case in groups, and divide by (Ni-1), which is the average duration of each group of operating cases in the process, and subtract the duration of each combined operating element in turn: this is the duration of the operating elements subtracted during this combination. Example:
A process consists of five operating elements abcde. Combine them into five combined operating elements A(hcde), B(acd e), C(nbde), D a. bc e), and E(abtd). The corrected time values of a group of five combined operating elements A, D, C, and E recorded in the timing record table are: 0.45min, D, 95nin, 1.45min, 1.9 min, and 2.4min. Calculate the duration of the operating key case. Calculate the duration of each group of operating key cases: A--0, 45-0, 00=-0, 45 min;
D- 1. 9 1. 45=0. 45 tim;
R-0. 95—0. 45=0. 50 trins
F-2.401.9=0.5min.
Calculate the duration X of this group of process operations: C-1.45-0.95=0. 50 tmins
X - A+#±+D+E_ D.45+0.50+g50±0.45+0.50=0.6 minnin.Ni-1
Calculate the duration of each operation element in this group: a=X-^=0, 60 -0. 45--0. 15 min:=XC=0.60-0.50-0.10 min;
eXE-0. 6--0,50 -0, 10 min.4.1.3 Overall timing method
b- X- B= 0, 60 -0, 50=0. 10 min #d=XD-0, 600. 45=0. 15 minj
The process is no longer subdivided, and the process is taken as a whole and the duration is directly measured by a stopwatch. Technical requirements for the overall time measurement method:
When measuring the time of an intermittent operation, the observer must understand the frequency of the intermittent operation elements before measuring the time; the measured time value must include the duration of the process with the intermittent operation elements; b) The observation number must be greater than the number of cycles of the intermittent operation elements. 4. 1. 3. 1 Use of stopwatch
Observe the stopwatch reading at the end of the observed operation element, and record the stopwatch reading of each observed operation element each time. After reading the stopwatch reading, the stopwatch is reset to zero.
4. 1. 3. 2 Observe and record
Observe the stopwatch reading at the end of the observed operation element, and record the stopwatch reading of each observed operation element in the corresponding observation time column of the operation element in the time measurement record table. 4. 1. 3. 3 Calculation of process duration
The duration value of each operation cycle of the process is the stopwatch reading value. 4.2 Requirements for time measurement
4. 2. 1 Preparation before time measurement
4.2.1. 1 Selection of time measurement objectswwW.bzxz.Net
a) New processes that have been used by the enterprise before; b)
Processes where bottlenecks occur in the production line and the operating methods need to be improved; c) Processes that need to formulate and revise time quotas Processes that need to summarize and promote advanced operating methods. 4.2.1.2 Data Collection During the measurement, the following data should be collected. For other data to be collected, please refer to Table A in Appendix A: 1) Work supplies and service parts; 2) Workplace working environment (temperature, humidity, lighting, noise, etc.); 3) Equipment name, model and name and specification of tool, clamp, star and mold; 4) Name, drawing number and material, quality and technical requirements of processed parts; 5) Operator's name, technical level and years of experience in this profession. 4.2.1.3 Division of work elements
In addition to using the overall timing method for the process, it is also necessary to measure the time of the subsequent components. Therefore, before timing, the work elements must be divided in advance. The division of work elements must follow the following principles: According to the timing method and requirements, the division of work elements should be as detailed as possible, and its duration should not be less than 0.04min; a) Manual work elements and mechanical work elements should be separated, and quantitative work and variable work should be separated; d) Repeated work elements and intermittent work should be separated; There should be appropriate timing points between work elements. 4.2.1.4 Selecting the time measurement method
Before measuring time, you should select a reasonable time measurement method according to the following principles based on the characteristics of each time measurement method: when the duration of the work elements divided by the process is greater than 0.1min, the continuous time measurement method should be used first; a
When the duration of the work elements divided by the process is less than 0.1min, the cycle time measurement method should be used: when the process operation duration is short, the work elements are not easy to be divided, the production line with a high degree of specialization, or when the time quota with low precision requirements is formulated, the overall time measurement method can be used. 4.2.1.5 Related work before measuring time
Select a timer according to the selected time measurement method. Generally, a digital double-needle electronic stopwatch with high timing accuracy and convenient use is used. Before use, the performance and accuracy of the stopwatch should be checked and compared. If necessary (such as short operation cycle and the time measurement needs to be corrected), a camera or electronic computer can also be used; b) Fill in the content at the top of the time record sheet. The time record sheet can be found in Table A1 in Appendix A. Test several operation cycles to verify the correctness of the time measurement method and be familiar with the timing points of each operation element; d) Fill in the code of the operation element in the time record sheet in sequence. 4.2.1.6 Predetermined number of observations
The predetermined number of observations is determined according to Table 1.
Table 1 Predicted table of current measurement times
Operation elements
Duration time/
0.1--0. 3
0. 1~0. 3
Time series
Stability coefficient
Note 1: The duration time value of the operation elements in the table is the predicted duration time. Proof 2: The time unit is minute (muin).
Observation and recording
Process duration time/tnLin
Observation times
Observe the measurement situation carefully and record the relevant contents of Table A.1 at any time. 15
Unit is minute
GB/T 23859—20D9
b) If interruption time is found during the measurement process, it should be recorded separately, indicating the start and end time, and abnormal factors should also be recorded. 4.2.3 Timing data processing
The timing data processing includes outlier elimination, observation number inspection, and calculation of the average duration of the operating elements. 4.2.3.1 Outlier elimination
In order to reduce the impact of abnormal conditions on the timing results during the timing process, the following method should be used to determine the upper and lower management limits before calculating the average duration, and eliminate the outliers in the timing series. The three-fold standard deviation method can also be used to determine the upper and lower management limits. See Appendix B Management Limit Method (Double Standard Deviation Method) to eliminate outliers. According to formula (1), the average duration of the operating elements of the timing series is preliminarily calculated. 1x
X. —Average duration of the operation element in minutes (min); X, duration of the first measurement of an operation element in minutes (min); e
Actual measurement number of the operation element in times:
Calculate the control line of the time series management:
Calculate the lower limit X of the time series management according to formula (2). Xm
Where:
-lower limit of time series management, in minutes (tnin); X
Given the stability coefficient of the time series,
Calculate the upper limit XL of the time series management according to formula (3). Where:
2kx.
The upper limit of time series management, in minutes (min). 4.2.3.2 Observation number inspection
In order to ensure that the observed time data reaches the accuracy of the time measurement work, it is required that the actual number of observations should be greater than the necessary number of observations corresponding to the given relative error of the time measurement, so the observed number of observations should be inspected. When the reliability is 95%, the number of necessary observations corresponding to the relative error of the timing is calculated according to formula (1). N
Where:
Necessary number of observations, in times;
——Actual number of observations after removing abnormal values, in times; S-Relative error of given timing data.
Check the timing series, the duration value outside the control line,All are abnormal values + should be eliminated. (4
If the relative error S of the time data is not given before the measurement, the general provisions in the dynamic quota are as follows: when formulating the time quota standard, the relative error of the time data is 5%; when formulating the general time quota, the relative error of the time data is 10%. If the calculated necessary observation times are less than (or equal to) the actual observation times after eliminating abnormal values, no additional measurement is required; if the calculated necessary observation times are greater than the actual observation times after eliminating abnormal values, additional measurement is required. 5
CB/T23859—2009
4.2.3.3 Calculation of the average duration of the operation The average duration of the operation element X is the arithmetic mean of the actual duration of the operation element after eliminating abnormal values, calculated according to formula (5).... ()
After eliminating abnormal values, the arithmetic mean value of the actual measured duration of the operating elements is in minutes (min). 4.2.4 Propose improvement plans
Based on the division of operating elements, the actual measured duration, and the processing results of the measured data, analyze and summarize advanced operating methods, improve the time quota level, propose improvement plans and promote them for use. Years
Technical level
Length of service in this profession
Salary form
Operator
Processed parts
Technical requirements
Processing procedures
Process workpiece level
Product approval
Process duration
Process evaluation Appendix A (Informative Appendix) Time Record Sheet Observation Date Observer Auditor Start of Test End of Test Position Staffing Production Quota Unit Quota Time Record Equipment and Tooling Equipment Name Number of Units under Supervision Name of Equipment Mould Mould Name of Tool Tool Tool Name of Tool Test Cycle Number of Test Periods Time/min Operation Allowance GB/T 23859—2009
Processing process of parts
Main process parameters
Workplace organization and cases
Work allocation method
Material supply method
Tool supply method
Unit is minute
Process setting time
Operation elements
Average duration
GB/T 23859—2009
B.1 Requirements
Appendix B
(Informative Appendix)
Management limit method (three times standard deviation method) Elimination of abnormal values is to eliminate the influence of abnormal conditions in the timing process on the timing results. Before calculating the average duration of the operating elements, the abnormal values in the timing series must be eliminated. The three times standard deviation method is used to eliminate the abnormal band values. In the timing data, the values that deviate from the average value by three standard deviations are regarded as abnormal values.
B. 2 Calculation
B.2.1 According to formula (B.1), preliminarily calculate the half-mean delay time X of the operation element of the timing series. 1x
B.2.2 According to formula (B.2), calculate the standard deviation a of the timing series. x,
X.)?+(X.-X.) —..+(X.
Wherein;
is a standard deviation.
B.2.3Use formula (B.3> to calculate the upper limit X and lower limit Xm of the time measurement data management. Xa.m Xa±3, = X,13
B,3Check the time measurement series
(Xx.)
(X:-X)s
Any operation duration value greater than X and less than X is an abnormal value and should be eliminated.8
.--( B. 2 >
....-( B. 3)
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