Some standard content:
ICS19.120
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T16418-2008
Replaces GB/T16418—1996
Particle system terminology
Particle system-Vocabulary
Issued on July 18, 2008
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China Administration of Standardization of the People's Republic of China
Implemented on February 1, 2009
This standard replaces GB/T16418—1996 "Particle system terminology". Compared with GB/T16418—1996, the main technical differences between this standard and GB/T16418—1996 are as follows: For ease of use, the terms are reclassified according to the standard system of particle classification and characterization; "2 Terms and Definitions" are revised and reordered, and 58 items are added and 21 items are deleted; - Editorial changes are made to some texts in accordance with Chinese habits. GB/T16418—2008
This standard is proposed and managed by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Screen Screening and Particle Sorting Methods (SAC/TC168). The drafting units of this standard are: Beijing Physical and Chemical Analysis and Testing Center, China Machinery Productivity Promotion Center. The main drafters of this standard are: Wang Sanfeng, Zhou Suhong, Zou Tao, Yu Fang, Chen Zi, Gao Yuan, Zhang Lingfei. The previous versions of the standards replaced by this standard are: GB/T16418—1996
1 Scope
Terms of particle system
This standard specifies the special terms used in particle system. This standard is applicable to any particle system of solid particles, droplets, bubbles, liquid-solid, gas-solid or gas-liquid. 2 Terms and definitions
2.1 Basic terms of particles 2.1.1
Particle
Highly dispersed monomers of different sizes and shapes, which can be in solid, liquid or gaseous form. 2.1.2
agglomerate
several particles sticking together.
powder
a collection of dry particles with a particle size of less than 1mm, also called powder. 2.1.4
micronparticle
solid particles with a particle size of 1μm~100μm. 2.1.5
sub-micronparticle
solid particles with a particle size of 0.1m~1.0μm. 2.1.6
nanometerparticle
solid particles with a particle size of 1nm~100nm, 2.1.7
crystallineparticle
the entire area where atoms are arranged periodically and surrounded by grain boundaries. 2.2 Properties and representations of particle system 2.2.1 Particle size
2.2. 1. 1
Particle size
The size of the particle material.
Particle size distribution The percentage of particles of different sizes in the material. 2.2.1.3
Frequency distribution frequency distribution GB/T16418—2008
The percentage of the amount of particles (number, volume or mass, etc.) falling within a certain size range in the total amount, also known as frequency distribution or number distribution. TTKANYKACa
GB/T16418-2008
Volume distribution volume distribution
Particle size distribution based on particle volume. 2.2.1.5
Mass distribution massdistribution
Particle size distribution based on particle mass. 2. 2. 1. 6
Number distributionnumberdistribution
Particle size distribution based on the number of particles
2. 2. 1.7
Length distributionlengthdistribution
Particle length based on the length of the particle
Area distribution
surfage
fojected
Particle size based on the surface area or the reflected area of the particle
Median particle size/median particle size
median
The particle size corresponding to the cumulative particle size distribution when the number of copies reaches 50%2.2.1.10
Peak particle size
In the frequency distribution diagram
2. 2. 1. 11
Equivalent diameter
ameter
equivalentdiameter
corresponding to the highest point and having the same geometric shape as the particle
2.2. 1.12
Equivalent projected area diameter
a sphere with equivalent properties
uivalent
and the projection area of the particle
Equivalent surface area diameter
and the surface area of the particle
2.2.1. 14
facediameter
Equivalent volume diameterequivalentvolume-diameterThe diameter of a sphere with the same volume as the particle.
2.2. 1. 15
diameterwww.bzxz.net
Equivalent Stokes diametereguivalentStockesdiameterDiameter of a homogeneous sphere with the same free settling velocity as the particle in the same fluid in laminar flow. 2.2.1.16
Feret'sdiameter
The distance between parallel lines tangent to the sides of the particle's projected contour. 2.2. 1. 17
Martin'sdiameter
The length of the chord that divides the particle's projected contour into two parts of equal area. 2
2. 2. 1. 18
Particle hardnessparticlehardness
The degree to which a particle resists deformation under a certain external force. 2.2.2Particleshapeparticleshape
Particle shape
Particle shape
The shape of the particle.
Spherical particle
sphericalparticle
a particle with a spherical shape.
non-spherical particle
a particle with a non-spherical shape.
flakyparticle
a particle with a flake shape.
granularparticle
granniarparticle
a particle with an irregular shape that is approximately spherical. 2.2.2.6
acicularparticle
acicularparticle
a particle with a needle shape.
fibrousparticle
a particle with a fibrous shape.
angularparticle
a particle with a clear edge or roughly a polyhedral shape. 2.2.2.9
Dendritic particleDendritic particleA particle with a branching shape.
Shape factorshapefactor
The degree to which a particle deviates from a sphere.
Shape indexshapeindex
Uses various dimensionless combinations of particle sizes to represent its shape. 2.2.2.12
Aspect ratio/aspect ratioaspectratio
The ratio of two representative diameters in the projected shape of the particle. 2.2.2.13
Body factorbnlkinessfactor
The ratio of the projected area of the particle to the area of the minimum circumscribed rectangle. -TTKAONTKACa
GB/T16418-2008
GB/T16418—2008
Volume filling factorvolumefilingfactorThe ratio of the volume of the particle to the volume of the circumscribed rectangle of the particle. 2.2.2.15
Circularity
The degree to which the projection of a particle is close to a circle.
Degrce of sphericity
The degree to which a particle is close to a sphere. 2.2.3 Pore
Porous solids
porous soa
have cavities or voids between particles
pore width (e.g. diameter of a circular pore or
pore width of a solid)
surface area
surface area
if not specified, shall be the surface area of the solid or the internal surface area. 2.2.3.5 External surface area
internal surface area
the surface area of the inner pore walls. are
specificsurt
the surface area of a particle relative to its mass (or
pore volume
the pore volume measured by a specified method).
openpore
pores connected to the particle surface.
closedpore
pores not connected to the particle surface.
2. 2. 3. 11
blindpore
an opening with a closed end but only one connection to an external surface. 4
inkbottlepore
an opening with a narrow neck.
interconnectedporea pore connected to one or more other pores. 2.2.3.14
throughpore
a pore that passes completely through the sample.
macropore
a pore with a pore size greater than 50 nm.
mesopore
a pore with a pore size between 2 nm and 50 nm.
2.2.3. 17
micropore
a pore with a pore size less than 2 nm that can be reached by adsorbed molecules. 2.2.3.18
openporosity
The percentage of volume occupied by open pores and voids in the total volume of a porous body. 2.2.3.19
porosity
GB/T16418—2008
The ratio of the volume of measurable pores and voids (open pore volume and empty volume) in a quantitative solid to the total volume occupied by them. 2.2.3.20
intraparticleporosityThe ratio of the volume of open pores within a particle to the total volume occupied by the solid. 2.2.3.21
interparticle porosity
interparticle porosity
The ratio of the empty volume between particles to the apparent volume of the powder. 2.2.3.22
Adsorption
The enrichment of adsorbed gas on the outer surface and accessible inner surface of solid materials. 2.2.3.23
Physical adsorption
The adsorption process between the adsorbate and the adsorbent that is not chemically bonded. This process is reversible and non-specific, and can be multi-layer adsorption. Desorption occurs with reduced pressure or increased temperature. 2.2.3.24
Chemical adsorption
The adsorption process between the adsorbate and the adsorbent that is chemically bonded. This process is irreversible and specific, and can only be monolayer adsorption. Desorption requires a higher temperature to break the chemical bond. 5
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GB/T16418--2008
Adsorbate
adsorbate
The substance being adsorbed.
Adsorbent
The solid material on which adsorption occurs.
Adsorbent
adsorptive
The gas or vapor that can be adsorbed.
Adsorbed amount
adsorbedamoumt
The molar amount of gas adsorbed at a given pressure and temperature T. 2.2.3.29
Adsorbed volumevolumeadsorbed
The volume of gas equivalent to the adsorbed amount under standard conditions. 2.2.3.30
Adsorption isothermadsorptionisothermThe relationship between the amount of gas adsorbed and the equilibrium pressure of the gas at a constant temperature. 2.2.3.31
eguilibriumadsorptionpressureequilibriumadsorptionpressure
The pressure of the adsorbed gas when it reaches equilibrium with the adsorbate. 2.2.3.32
monolayeradsorption amount
monolayer adsorption amount
The number of moles of adsorbate that forms a monolayer on the adsorbent surface. 2.2.3.33
monolayer adsorption capacity
monolayer adsorption capacityThe equivalent standard state gas volume of monolayer adsorption. 2.2.3.34
relativepressure
Relative pressure
The ratio of the adsorption equilibrium pressure to the saturated vapor pressure at the analysis temperature. 2.2.3.35
saturation vapor pressure
saturation vapor pressure
The vapor pressure when the partial pressure of the adsorbate is saturated at the adsorption temperature. 2.2.4densitydensity
truedensity
True density
The mass of the particle divided by the volume of the particle excluding closed and open pores. 2.2.4.2
Skeletal density
The mass of the particle divided by the total volume of the sample including the volume of closed pores but excluding the volume of open pores. 2.2.4.3
Apparent volume
The total volume of the solid material of the particle including open pores, closed pores and crevices. 6
Apparent specific volumeThe ratio of the volume occupied by the particle to its mass.
Apparent density
The density obtained by dividing the mass of the particle by the apparent volume. 2.2.4.6
Effective density
GB/T164182008
The mass of the particle divided by the total volume of the sample including the volume of closed pores and inaccessible pores determined by the specified method. 2.2.4.7
Bulk density/Tapping densitybulkdensityThe mass of the particles in a container of known volume filled by natural methods divided by the volume of the container. 2.2.4.8
Tapdensity
After filling the particles into a container by a certain method and vibrating the container according to a certain rule, the mass of the particles in the container divided by the apparent volume of the particles after vibration.
2.2.5Other properties
otherproperties
Flowability
The property of the powder to move under the action of external forces. 2.2.5.2
Flowfactorflowfactor
Important parameter to characterize the flowability of powders.
Carrflowindex
A parameter used to judge the flowability of powders by comprehensively considering the factors affecting the flowability of powders. 2.2.5.4
Angle of repose angle of repose
The maximum angle formed by the free surface of the powder accumulation layer with the horizontal plane in a static equilibrium state, also known as the angle of repose or the angle of repose. 2.2.5.5
Angle of internal friction angle of internal friction is a parameter that represents the friction characteristics between particle layers. 2.2.5.6
Angle of wall friction angle of wall friction
is a parameter that represents the friction characteristics between the container. 2.2.5.7
Angle of slide angle of slide
Under the action of gravity,The angle between the surface formed by the sliding of stationary particles and the horizontal plane. 2.2.5.8
Contact anglecontactangle
The triangular interface formed by the liquid on the solid material. TTKAONTKACa-
GB/T16418—2008
Surface tensionsurfacetension
The force that passes vertically through a unit length on the surface of the liquid (solid) body and contracts the surface in the direction tangent to the liquid (solid) surface. 2.2.5.10
Permeabilitypermeability
The degree of difficulty that the powder bed allows fluid to pass through. 2.2.5.11
Compressionratio, compressionratio
The ratio of the volume occupied by the powder in the loose state to the volume occupied in the compressed state. 2.2.5.12
Compressibilitycompressibility
The ability of the powder to be compressed is expressed by the compression ratio obtained under certain test conditions. 2.2.5.13
Friability
The degree to which particles break and become smaller under the condition of little external force during storage and handling. 2.2.5.14
Grindability
The degree to which particles can be mechanically ground under certain conditions. 2.3: Particle test method analysismethod 2.3.1
Diffraction of lightmethod The analysis method of obtaining the particle size and distribution by measuring the intensity distribution of diffracted light of a particle dispersion system is also called light scattering method. 2.3.2
Photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) measures the change of scattered light intensity at a certain angle caused by the Brownian motion of particles in liquid with time, and obtains the particle size and distribution through correlation function analysis.
microscopy-imageanalysis
Microscopic image method
An analytical method that uses microscope imaging combined with an image analysis system to measure the morphology and particle size distribution of powders, including static image method and dynamic image method.
X-ray diffractometry line broadening method (XRD-LB) An analytical method that determines the grain size and lattice distortion degree based on the diffraction line broadening phenomenon caused by grain refinement and/or lattice distortion.
X-ray small angle scattering (SAxs) When X-rays pass through ultrafine particles, they scatter with the electrons therein at a small angle (approximately ±2\), and the particle size distribution is obtained by measuring the light scattering intensity angle by angle.
Resistive of light method When particles pass through the detection area, they block part of the light, and the light intensity received on the photoelectric receiving device is weakened, from which the particle size and number are obtained, which is also called the light blocking method.
Extinction method
GB/T16418—2008
When the particles pass through the detection area, they absorb and scatter part of the incident light intensity, and the light intensity received by the photoelectric receiving device is weakened. According to the light scattering theory, the particle size and distribution are obtained from the weakened light intensity distribution. 2.3.8
Coulter method
When particles pass through the resistance sensing area, the resistance of the sensing area will increase. The particle size and number of particles are measured by measuring the resistance change caused by individual particles in turn. It is also called the resistance method. 2.3.9
Ultrasonic method
Measure the sound velocity spectrum or attenuation spectrum after the ultrasonic wave passes through the particle system dispersed in the medium, and obtain the particle size and distribution from it. 2.3.10
Gas adsorption
At a constant temperature, the adsorption-desorption isotherm is obtained by measuring the saturated adsorption amount of the sample to the adsorbed gas under a series of partial pressures to obtain the sample specific surface area and pore size distribution. 2.3.71
BET theories
The multi-molecular layer adsorption theory of porous materials is a method based on and modified Langmuir equation. It is the most common theory for calculating specific surface area.
Mercury porosimetry
Using the non-wetting property of mercury on the solid surface, mercury is pressed into the pores of the porous body. According to the relationship that the total pressure of mercury pressed into the pores is inversely proportional to the pore size, the pore size distribution and its characteristics of the porous material are obtained. 2.4 Application of particle system 2.4.1
Classification
The process of separating particles into different particle size grades. 2.4.2
Electrostatic classification static electricity classification The method of making particles charged and classifying them with the help of electric field. 2.4.3
Dispersion
The process of making powders as evenly distributed as single particles in other media as possible. 2.4.4
Dispersant/dispersingagent An additive that prevents particles from agglomerating and disperses them into single particles. 2.4.5
Dispersion medium
The continuous phase in the dispersed system can be gas, liquid and solid. 2.4.6
Surface treatment surface treatment
The general term for processes such as surface shaping, surface modification and surface coating. 9
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GB/T16418—2008
Elutriation
The classification process caused by the movement of rising fluid. 2.4.8
Sedimentation
The process in which solid particles suspended in a fluid medium fall under the action of external forces, including gravity sedimentation and centrifugal sedimentation. 2.4.9
Filtration
The process of allowing aerosols or suspensions to pass through filter materials with different pore sizes to achieve particle classification. 2.4.10
Hydrodynamic chromatographyThe process in which a suspension passes through a pile of spherical supports, i.e., a chromatographic column, and the relationship between mobility and particle size is used to separate particles of different sizes along the chromatographic column.
Mixing
The process of making a system of particles with different chemical compositions or different particle sizes become a more uniform system. 2.4.12
Mixing index
The ratio of the standard deviation to the mean value obtained when testing the degree of mixing uniformity. 2. 4.13
Fluidization
The operation in which solid particles are lifted by fluid so that the whole system presents certain characteristics of fluid. 2. 4.14
Particulatefluidization is a relatively stable fluidization. Generally, liquid-solid fluidization belongs to particulate fluidization. 2.4.15
Aggregativefluidization is a more violent fluidization. Generally, gas-solid fluidization belongs to aggregate fluidization. 2.4.16
Drying
The operation of evaporating and removing the liquid contained in the solid. 2. 4. 17
Dedusting
The method of reducing the dust content and environmental pollution in the operating space. 2.4.18
Pressure
The process of compressing the powder in the mold. 2.4.19
Cold pressing
Pressure-pressing process at or below room temperature. 2.4.20
Warm pressing
Pressure-pressing process at a temperature above room temperature and below the sintering temperature range.5.10
Permeability
The degree of difficulty of a powder bed to allow fluid to pass through. 2.2.5.11
Compression ratio
The ratio of the volume occupied by a powder in a loose state to the volume occupied in a compressed state. 2.2.5.12
Compressibility
The ability of a powder to be compressed, expressed by the compression ratio obtained under certain test conditions. 2.2.5.13
Friability
The degree to which particles are broken and reduced in size under conditions where external forces are not significant during storage and handling. 2.2.5.14
Grindability
The degree of difficulty of grinding particles mechanically under certain conditions. 2.3: Particle testing method analysismethod 2.3.1
Diffraction of lightmethod The analysis method of obtaining the particle size and distribution by measuring the diffraction light intensity distribution of the particle dispersion system, also known as light scattering method. 2.3.2
Photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) measures the change of scattered light intensity at a certain angle caused by the Brownian motion of particles in liquid over time, and obtains the particle size and distribution through correlation function analysis.
microscopy-imageanalysis
Microscopic image method
An analysis method that uses microscope imaging combined with image analysis system to measure the morphology and particle size distribution of powders, including static image method and dynamic image method.
X-ray diffractometry line broadening method (XRD-LB) is an analytical method for determining the grain size and lattice distortion degree based on the diffraction line broadening phenomenon caused by grain refinement and/or lattice distortion.
X-ray small angle scattering (SAxs) When X-rays pass through ultrafine particles, they scatter with the electrons therein at a small angle (approximately ±2\), and the particle size distribution is obtained by measuring the light scattering intensity angle by angle.
Resistive of light method When particles pass through the detection area, they block part of the light, and the light intensity received on the photoelectric receiving device is weakened, from which the particle size and number are obtained, which is also called the light blocking method.
Extinction method
GB/T16418—2008
When the particles pass through the detection area, they absorb and scatter part of the incident light intensity, and the light intensity received by the photoelectric receiving device is weakened. According to the light scattering theory, the particle size and distribution are obtained from the weakened light intensity distribution. 2.3.8
Coulter method
When particles pass through the resistance sensing area, the resistance of the sensing area will increase. The particle size and number of particles are measured by measuring the resistance change caused by individual particles in turn. It is also called the resistance method. 2.3.9
Ultrasonic method
Measure the sound velocity spectrum or attenuation spectrum after the ultrasonic wave passes through the particle system dispersed in the medium, and obtain the particle size and distribution from it. 2.3.10
Gas adsorption
At a constant temperature, the adsorption-desorption isotherm is obtained by measuring the saturated adsorption amount of the sample to the adsorbed gas under a series of partial pressures to obtain the sample specific surface area and pore size distribution. 2.3.71
BET theories
The multi-molecular layer adsorption theory of porous materials is a method based on and modified Langmuir equation. It is the most common theory for calculating specific surface area.
Mercury porosimetry
Using the non-wetting property of mercury on the solid surface, mercury is pressed into the pores of the porous body. According to the relationship that the total pressure of mercury pressed into the pores is inversely proportional to the pore size, the pore size distribution and its characteristics of the porous material are obtained. 2.4 Application of particle system 2.4.1
Classification
The process of separating particles into different particle size grades. 2.4.2
Electrostatic classification static electricity classification The method of making particles charged and classifying them with the help of electric field. 2.4.3
Dispersion
The process of making powders as evenly distributed as single particles in other media as possible. 2.4.4
Dispersant/dispersingagent An additive that prevents particles from agglomerating and disperses them into single particles. 2.4.5
Dispersion medium
The continuous phase in the dispersed system can be gas, liquid and solid. 2.4.6
Surface treatment surface treatment
The general term for processes such as surface shaping, surface modification and surface coating. 9
TTKAONYKACa
GB/T16418—2008
Elutriation
The classification process caused by the movement of rising fluid. 2.4.8
Sedimentation
The process in which solid particles suspended in a fluid medium fall under the action of external forces, including gravity sedimentation and centrifugal sedimentation. 2.4.9
Filtration
The process of allowing aerosols or suspensions to pass through filter materials with different pore sizes to achieve particle classification. 2.4.10
Hydrodynamic chromatographyThe process in which a suspension passes through a pile of spherical supports, i.e., a chromatographic column, and the relationship between mobility and particle size is used to separate particles of different sizes along the chromatographic column.
Mixing
The process of making a system of particles with different chemical compositions or different particle sizes become a more uniform system. 2.4.12
Mixing index
The ratio of the standard deviation to the mean value obtained when testing the degree of mixing uniformity. 2. 4.13
Fluidization
The operation in which solid particles are lifted by fluid so that the whole system presents certain characteristics of fluid. 2. 4.14
Particulatefluidization is a relatively stable fluidization. Generally, liquid-solid fluidization belongs to particulate fluidization. 2.4.15
Aggregativefluidization is a more violent fluidization. Generally, gas-solid fluidization belongs to aggregate fluidization. 2.4.16
Drying
The operation of evaporating and removing the liquid contained in the solid. 2. 4. 17
Dedusting
The method of reducing the dust content and environmental pollution in the operating space. 2.4.18
Pressure
The process of compressing the powder in the mold. 2.4.19
Cold pressing
Pressure-pressing process at or below room temperature. 2.4.20
Warm pressing
Pressure-pressing process at a temperature above room temperature and below the sintering temperature range.5.10
Permeability
The degree of difficulty of a powder bed to allow fluid to pass through. 2.2.5.11
Compression ratio
The ratio of the volume occupied by a powder in a loose state to the volume occupied in a compressed state. 2.2.5.12
Compressibility
The ability of a powder to be compressed, expressed by the compression ratio obtained under certain test conditions. 2.2.5.13
Friability
The degree to which particles are broken and reduced in size under conditions where external forces are not significant during storage and handling. 2.2.5.14
Grindability
The degree of difficulty of grinding particles mechanically under certain conditions. 2.3: Particle testing method analysismethod 2.3.1
Diffraction of lightmethod The analysis method of obtaining the particle size and distribution by measuring the diffraction light intensity distribution of the particle dispersion system, also known as light scattering method. 2.3.2
Photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) measures the change of scattered light intensity at a certain angle caused by the Brownian motion of particles in liquid over time, and obtains the particle size and distribution through correlation function analysis.
microscopy-imageanalysis
Microscopic image method
An analysis method that uses microscope imaging combined with image analysis system to measure the morphology and particle size distribution of powders, including static image method and dynamic image method.
X-ray diffractometry line broadening method (XRD-LB) is an analytical method for determining the grain size and lattice distortion degree based on the diffraction line broadening phenomenon caused by grain refinement and/or lattice distortion.
X-ray small angle scattering (SAxs) When X-rays pass through ultrafine particles, they scatter with the electrons therein at a small angle (approximately ±2\), and the particle size distribution is obtained by measuring the light scattering intensity angle by angle.
Resistive of light method When particles pass through the detection area, they block part of the light, and the light intensity received on the photoelectric receiving device is weakened, from which the particle size and number are obtained, which is also called the light blocking method.
Extinction method
GB/T16418—2008
When the particles pass through the detection area, they absorb and scatter part of the incident light intensity, and the light intensity received by the photoelectric receiving device is weakened. According to the light scattering theory, the particle size and distribution are obtained from the weakened light intensity distribution. 2.3.8
Coulter method
When particles pass through the resistance sensing area, the resistance of the sensing area will increase. The particle size and number of particles are measured by measuring the resistance change caused by individual particles in turn. It is also called the resistance method. 2.3.9
Ultrasonic method
Measure the sound velocity spectrum or attenuation spectrum after the ultrasonic wave passes through the particle system dispersed in the medium, and obtain the particle size and distribution from it. 2.3.10
Gas adsorption
At a constant temperature, the adsorption-desorption isotherm is obtained by measuring the saturated adsorption amount of the sample to the adsorbed gas under a series of partial pressures to obtain the sample specific surface area and pore size distribution. 2.3.71
BET theories
The multi-molecular layer adsorption theory of porous materials is a method based on and modified Langmuir equation. It is the most common theory for calculating specific surface area.
Mercury porosimetry
Using the non-wetting property of mercury on the solid surface, mercury is pressed into the pores of the porous body. According to the relationship that the total pressure of mercury pressed into the pores is inversely proportional to the pore size, the pore size distribution and its characteristics of the porous material are obtained. 2.4 Application of particle system 2.4.1
Classification
The process of separating particles into different particle size grades. 2.4.2
Electrostatic classification static electricity classification The method of making particles charged and classifying them with the help of electric field. 2.4.3
Dispersion
The process of making powders as evenly distributed as single particles in other media as possible. 2.4.4
Dispersant/dispersingagent An additive that prevents particles from agglomerating and disperses them into single particles. 2.4.5
Dispersion medium
The continuous phase in the dispersed system can be gas, liquid and solid. 2.4.6
Surface treatment surface treatment
The general term for processes such as surface shaping, surface modification and surface coating. 9
TTKAONYKACa
GB/T16418—2008
Elutriation
The classification process caused by the movement of rising fluid. 2.4.8
Sedimentation
The process in which solid particles suspended in a fluid medium fall under the action of external forces, including gravity sedimentation and centrifugal sedimentation. 2.4.9
Filtration
The process of allowing aerosols or suspensions to pass through filter materials with different pore sizes to achieve particle classification. 2.4.10
Hydrodynamic chromatographyThe process in which a suspension passes through a pile of spherical supports, i.e., a chromatographic column, and the relationship between mobility and particle size is used to separate particles of different sizes along the chromatographic column.
Mixing
The process of making a system of particles with different chemical compositions or different particle sizes become a more uniform system. 2.4.12
Mixing index
The ratio of the standard deviation to the mean value obtained when testing the degree of mixing uniformity. 2. 4.13
Fluidization
The operation in which solid particles are lifted by fluid so that the whole system presents certain characteristics of fluid. 2. 4.14
Particulatefluidization is a relatively stable fluidization. Generally, liquid-solid fluidization belongs to particulate fluidization. 2.4.15
Aggregativefluidization is a more violent fluidization. Generally, gas-solid fluidization belongs to aggregate fluidization. 2.4.16
Drying
The operation of evaporating and removing the liquid contained in the solid. 2. 4. 17
Dedusting
The method of reducing the dust content and environmental pollution in the operating space. 2.4.18
Pressure
The process of compressing the powder in the mold. 2.4.19
Cold pressing
Pressure-pressing process at or below room temperature. 2.4.20
Warm pressing
Pressure-pressing process at a temperature above room temperature and below the sintering temperature range.1
Diffraction of light method is an analytical method that measures the distribution of the intensity of diffracted light in a particle dispersion system to obtain the particle size and distribution, also known as light scattering method. 2.3.2
Photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) measures the change in the intensity of scattered light at a certain angle caused by the Brownian motion of particles in a liquid over time, and obtains the particle size and distribution through correlation function analysis.
microscopy-image analysis
Microscopic image method
An analytical method that uses microscope imaging combined with an image analysis system to measure the morphology and particle size distribution of powders, including static image method and dynamic image method.
X-ray diffractometry line broadening method (XRD-LB) is an analytical method that determines the grain size and lattice distortion degree based on the diffraction line broadening phenomenon caused by grain refinement and/or lattice distortion.
X-ray small angle scattering (SAxs) When X-rays pass through ultrafine particles, they scatter with the electrons in them at a small angle (about ±2\). The particle size distribution is obtained by measuring the light scattering intensity angle by angle.
Resistive of light method When particles pass through the detection area, they block part of the light, and the light intensity received by the photoelectric receiving device is weakened. The particle size and number of particles are obtained from it. It is also called the light blocking method.
Light extinction method
GB/T16418—2008
When particles pass through the detection area, they absorb and scatter part of the incident light intensity, and the light intensity received by the photoelectric receiving device is weakened. According to the light scattering theory, the particle size and distribution are obtained from the weakened light intensity distribution. 2.3.8
Coulter methodCoulter method
When particles pass through the resistance sensing area, the resistance of the sensing area will increase. The particle size and number of particles are measured by measuring the resistance change caused by each particle in turn. It is also called the resistance method. 2.3.9
Ultrasonic methodUltrasonic methodMeasure the sound velocity spectrum or attenuation spectrum after the ultrasonic wave passes through the particle system dispersed in the medium, and obtain the particle size and distribution from it. 2.3.10
Gas adsorption methodGas absorption
At a constant temperature, the adsorption-desorption isotherm is obtained by measuring the saturated adsorption amount of the sample to the adsorbed gas under a series of partial pressures to obtain the sample specific surface area and pore size distribution. 2.3.71
BET theoryBET theories
That is, the multi-molecular layer adsorption theory of porous materials, a method based on and modified the Langmuir equation, is the most common theory for calculating specific surface area.
Mercury porosimetry
It is a method to use the non-wetting property of mercury on solid surfaces to press mercury into the pores of porous bodies. According to the relationship that the total pressure of mercury pressed into the pores is inversely proportional to the pore size, the pore size distribution and characteristics of porous materials are obtained. 2.4 Application of particle system 2.4.1
Classification
The process of separating particles into different particle size grades. 2.4.2
Static electricity classification The method of making particles charged and classifying them with the help of electric field. 2.4.3
Dispersion
The process of making powders as uniformly distributed as single particles in other media as possible. 2.4.4
Dispersant/dispersingagent An additive to prevent particles from agglomerating and disperse them into single particles. 2.4.5
Dispersion medium
The continuous phase in a dispersed system can be gas, liquid or solid. 2.4.6
Surface treatment
A general term for processes such as surface shaping, surface modification and surface coating. 9
TTKAONYKACa
GB/T16418—2008
Elutriation
The classification process caused by the movement of rising fluid. 2.4.8
Sedimentation
The process in which solid particles suspended in a fluid medium fall under the action of external forces, including gravity sedimentation and centrifugal sedimentation. 2.4.9
Filtering
The process of allowing aerosols or suspensions to pass through filter materials with different pore sizes to achieve particle classification. 2.4.10
hydrodynamic chromatography The suspension passes through a pile of spherical supports, i.e., a chromatographic column, and the particles of different sizes are separated along the chromatographic column by using the correlation between mobility and particle size.
Mixing
The process of making a system of particles of different chemical composition or different particle size become a relatively uniform system. 2.4.12
Mixing index
The ratio of the standard deviation to the mean value obtained when testing the degree of mixing uniformity. 2. 4.13
fluidization
The operation in which solid particles are lifted by a fluid so that the entire system exhibits certain characteristics of the fluid. 2. 4.14
particulatefluidization A relatively stable fluidization. Generally, liquid-solid fluidization belongs to particulate fluidization. 2.4.15
Aggregative fluidization is a more intense fluidization. Generally, gas-solid fluidization belongs to aggregative fluidization. 2.4.16
Drying
The operation of evaporating the liquid contained in the solid. 2. 4. 17
Dedusting
The method of reducing the dust content and environmental pollution in the operating space. 2.4.18
Pressure
The process of compressing the powder in the mold. 2.4.19
Cold pressing
The process of pressurizing at or below room temperature. 2.4.20
Warm pressing
The process of pressurizing at a temperature above room temperature and below the sintering temperature range. 101
Diffraction of light method is an analytical method that measures the distribution of the intensity of diffracted light in a particle dispersion system to obtain the particle size and distribution, also known as light scattering method. 2.3.2
Photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) measures the change in the intensity of scattered light at a certain angle caused by the Brownian motion of particles in a liquid over time, and obtains the particle size and distribution through correlation function analysis.
microscopy-image analysis
Microscopic image method
An analytical method that uses microscope imaging combined with an image analysis system to measure the morphology and particle size distribution of powders, including static image method and dynamic image method.
X-ray diffractometry line broadening method (XRD-LB) is an analytical method that determines the grain size and lattice distortion degree based on the diffraction line broadening phenomenon caused by grain refinement and/or lattice distortion.
X-ray small angle scattering (SAxs) When X-rays pass through ultrafine particles, they scatter with the electrons in them at a small angle (about ±2\). The particle size distribution is obtained by measuring the light scattering intensity angle by angle.
Resistive of light method When particles pass through the detection area, they block part of the light, and the light intensity received by the photoelectric receiving device is weakened. The particle size and number of particles are obtained from it. It is also called the light blocking method.
Light extinction method
GB/T16418—2008
When particles pass through the detection area, they absorb and scatter part of the incident light intensity, and the light intensity received by the photoelectric receiving device is weakened. According to the light scattering theory, the particle size and distribution are obtained from the weakened light intensity distribution. 2.3.8
Coulter methodCoulter method
When particles pass through the resistance sensing area, the resistance of the sensing area will increase. The particle size and number of particles are measured by measuring the resistance change caused by each particle in turn. It is also called the resistance method. 2.3.9
Ultrasonic methodUltrasonic methodMeasure the sound velocity spectrum or attenuation spectrum after the ultrasonic wave passes through the particle system dispersed in the medium, and obtain the particle size and distribution from it. 2.3.10
Gas adsorption methodGas absorption
At a constant temperature, the adsorption-desorption isotherm is obtained by measuring the saturated adsorption amount of the sample to the adsorbed gas under a series of partial pressures to obtain the sample specific surface area and pore size distribution. 2.3.71
BET theoryBET theories
That is, the multi-molecular layer adsorption theory of porous materials, a method based on and modified the Langmuir equation, is the most common theory for calculating specific surface area.
Mercury porosimetry
It is a method to use the non-wetting property of mercury on solid surfaces to press mercury into the pores of porous bodies. According to the relationship that the total pressure of mercury pressed into the pores is inversely proportional to the pore size, the pore size distribution and characteristics of porous materials are obtained. 2.4 Application of particle system 2.4.1
Classification
The process of separating particles into different particle size grades. 2.4.2
Static electricity classification The method of making particles charged and classifying them with the help of electric field. 2.4.3
Dispersion
The process of making powders as uniformly distributed as single particles in other media as possible. 2.4.4
Dispersant/dispersingagent An additive to prevent particles from agglomerating and disperse them into single particles. 2.4.5
Dispersion medium
The continuous phase in a dispersed system can be gas, liquid or solid. 2.4.6
Surface treatment
A general term for processes such as surface shaping, surface modification and surface coating. 9
TTKAONYKACa
GB/T16418—2008
Elutriation
The classification process caused by the movement of rising fluid. 2.4.8
Sedimentation
The process in which solid particles suspended in a fluid medium fall under the action of external forces, including gravity sedimentation and centrifugal sedimentation. 2.4.9
Filtering
The process of allowing aerosols or suspensions to pass through filter materials with different pore sizes to achieve particle classification. 2.4.10
hydrodynamic chromatography The suspension passes through a pile of spherical supports, i.e., a chromatographic column, and the particles of different sizes are separated along the chromatographic column by using the correlation between mobility and particle size.
Mixing
The process of making a system of particles of different chemical composition or different particle size become a relatively uniform system. 2.4.12
Mixing index
The ratio of the standard deviation to the mean value obtained when testing the degree of mixing uniformity. 2. 4.13
fluidization
The operation in which solid particles are lifted by a fluid so that the entire system exhibits certain characteristics of the fluid. 2. 4.14
particulatefluidization A relatively stable fluidization. Generally, liquid-solid fluidization belongs to particulate fluidization. 2.4.15
Aggregative fluidization is a more intense fluidization. Generally, gas-solid fluidization belongs to aggregative fluidization. 2.4.16
Drying
The operation of evaporating the liquid contained in the solid. 2. 4. 17
Dedusting
The method of reducing the dust content and environmental pollution in the operating space. 2.4.18
Pressure
The process of compressing the powder in the mold. 2.4.19
Cold pressing
The process of pressurizing at or below room temperature. 2.4.20
Warm pressing
The process of pressurizing at a temperature above room temperature and below the sintering temperature range. 102
Photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) measures the change in the intensity of scattered light at a certain angle caused by the Brownian motion of particles in liquid over time, and obtains the particle size and distribution of the particles through correlation function analysis.
microscopy-imageanalysis
Microscopic image method
An analytical method that uses microscope imaging combined with an image analysis system to measure the morphology and particle size distribution of powders, including static image method and dynamic image method.
X-ray diffraction line broadening method (XRD-LB) An analytical method that determines the grain size and lattice distortion degree based on the diffraction line broadening phenomenon caused by grain refinement and/or lattice distortion.
Small angle X-ray scattering (SAxs) When X-rays pass through ultrafine particles, they scatter at a small angle (about ±2\) with the electrons therein, and the particle size distribution is obtained by measuring the light scattering intensity angle by angle.
Resistive of light method When the particles pass through the detection area, they block part of the light, and the light intensity received by the photoelectric receiving device is weakened. The particle size and number of particles are obtained from it. It is also called the light blocking method.
Light extinction method
GB/T16418—2008
When the particles pass through the detection area, they absorb and scatter part of the incident light intensity, and the light intensity received by the photoelectric receiving device is weakened. According to the light scattering theory, the particle size and distribution of the particles are obtained from the weakened light intensity distribution. 2.3.8
Coulter method
When the particles pass through the resistance sensing area, it will cause the resistance of the sensing area to increase. The particle size and number of particles are measured by measuring the resistance change caused by each particle in turn. It is also called the resistance method. 2.3.9
Ultrasonic method ultrasoniemethod
Measure the sound velocity spectrum or attenuation spectrum after ultrasonic waves pass through a particle system dispersed in a medium, and obtain the particle size and distribution from it. 2.3.10
Gas adsorption method gassorption
At a constant temperature, by measuring the saturated adsorption amount of the sample for the adsorbed gas under a series of partial pressures to obtain the adsorption-desorption isotherm, so as to obtain the sample specific surface area and pore size distribution. 2.3.71
BET theory BETtheories
That is, the multi-molecular layer adsorption theory of porous materials, a method based on and modified the Langmuir equation, is the most common theory for calculating specific surface area.
Mercury porosimetry
It is a method to use the non-wetting property of mercury on solid surfaces to press mercury into the pores of porous bodies. According to the relationship that the total pressure of mercury pressed into the pores is inversely proportional to the pore size, the pore size distribution and characteristics of porous materials are obtained. 2.4 Application of particle system 2.4.1
Classification
The process of separating particles into different particle size grades. 2.4.2
Static electricity classification The method of making particles charged and classifying them with the help of electric field. 2.4.3
Dispersion
The process of making powders as uniformly distributed as single particles in other media as possible. 2.4.4
Dispersant/dispersingagent An additive to prevent particles from agglomerating and disperse them into single particles. 2.4.5
Dispersion medium
The continuous phase in a dispersed system can be gas, liquid or solid. 2.4.6
Surface treatment
A general term for processes such as surface shaping, surface modification and surface coating. 9
TTKAONYKACa
GB/T16418—2008
Elutriation
The classification process caused by the movement of rising fluid. 2.4.8
Sedimentation
The process in which solid particles suspended in a fluid medium fall under the action of external forces, including gravity sedimentation and centrifugal sedimentation. 2.4.9
Filtering
The process of allowing aerosols or suspensions to pass through filter materials with different pore sizes to achieve particle classification. 2.4.10
hydrodynamic chromatography The suspension passes through a pile of spherical supports, i.e., a chromatographic column, and the particles of different sizes are separated along the chromatographic column by using the correlation between mobility and particle size.
Mixing
The process of making a system of particles of different chemical composition or different particle size become a relatively uniform system. 2.4.12
Mixing index
The ratio of the standard deviation to the mean value obtained when testing the degree of mixing uniformity. 2. 4.13
fluidization
The operation in which solid particles are lifted by a fluid so that the entire system exhibits certain characteristics of the fluid. 2. 4.14
particulatefluidization A relatively stable fluidization. Generally, liquid-solid fluidization belongs to particulate fluidization. 2.4.15
Aggregative fluidization is a more intense fluidization. Generally, gas-solid fluidization belongs to aggregative fluidization. 2.4.16
Drying
The operation of evaporating the liquid contained in the solid. 2. 4. 17
Dedusting
The method of reducing the dust content and environmental pollution in the operating space. 2.4.18
Pressure
The process of compressing the powder in the mold. 2.4.19
Cold pressing
The process of pressurizing at or below room temperature. 2.4.20
Warm pressing
The process of pressurizing at a temperature above room temperature and below the sintering temperature range. 102
Photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) measures the change in the intensity of scattered light at a certain angle caused by the Brownian motion of particles in liquid over time, and obtains the particle size and distribution of the particles through correlation function analysis.
microscopy-imageanalysis
Microscopic image method
An analytical method that uses microscope imaging combined with an image analysis system to measure the morphology and particle size distribution of powders, including static image method and dynamic image method.
X-ray diffraction line broadening method (XRD-LB) An analytical method that determines the grain size and lattice distortion degree based on the diffraction line broadening phenomenon caused by grain refinement and/or lattice distortion.
Small angle X-ray scattering (SAxs) When X-rays pass through ultrafine particles, they scatter at a small angle (about ±2\) with the electrons therein, and the particle size distribution is obtained by measuring the light scattering intensity angle by angle.
Resistive of light method When the particles pass through the detection area, they block part of the light, and the light intensity received by the photoelectric receiving device is weakened. The particle size and number of particles are obtained from it. It is also called the light blocking method.
Light extinction method
GB/T16418—2008
When the particles pass through the detection area, they absorb and scatter part of the incident light intensity, and the light intensity received by the photoelectric receiving device is weakened. According to the light scattering theory, the particle size and distribution of the particles are obtained from the weakened light intensity distribution. 2.3.8
Coulter method
When the particles pass through the resistance sensing area, it will cause the resistance of the sensing area to increase. The particle size and number of particles are measured by measuring the resistance change caused by each particle in turn. It is also called the resistance method. 2.3.9
Ultrasonic method ultrasoniemethod
Measure the sound velocity spectrum or attenuation spectrum after ultrasonic waves pass through a particle system dispersed in a medium, and obtain the particle size and distribution from it. 2.3.10
Gas adsorption method gassorption
At a constant temperature, by measuring the saturated adsorption amount of the sample for the adsorbed gas under a series of partial pressures to obtain the adsorption-desorption isotherm, so as to obtain the sample specific surface area and pore size distribution. 2.3.71
BET theory BETtheories
That is, the multi-molecular layer adsorption theory of porous materials, a method based on and modified the Langmuir equation, is the most common theory for calculating specific surface area.
Mercury porosimetry
It is a method to use the non-wetting property of mercury on solid surfaces to press mercury into the pores of porous bodies. According to the relationship that the total pressure of mercury pressed into the pores is inversely proportional to the pore size, the pore size distribution and characteristics of porous materials are obtained. 2.4 Application of particle system 2.4.1
Classification
The process of separating particles into different particle size grades. 2.4.2
Static electricity classification The method of making particles charged and classifying them with the help of electric field. 2.4.3
Dispersion
The process of making powders as uniformly distributed as single particles in other media as possible. 2.4.4
Dispersant/dispersingagent An additive to prevent particles from agglomerating and disperse them into single particles. 2.4.5
Dispersion medium
The continuous phase in a dispersed system can be gas, liquid or solid. 2.4.6
Surface treatment
A general term for processes such as surface shaping, surface modification and surface coating. 9
TTKAONYKACa
GB/T16418—2008
Elutriation
The classification process caused by the movement of rising fluid. 2.4.8
Sedimentation
The process in which solid particles suspended in a fluid medium fall under the action of external forces, including gravity sedimentation and centrifugal sedimentation. 2.4.9
Filtering
The process of allowing aerosols or suspensions to pass through filter materials with different pore sizes to achieve particle classification. 2.4.10
hydrodynamic chromatography The suspension passes through a pile of spherical supports, i.e., a chromatographic column, and the particles of different sizes are separated along the chromatographic column by using the correlation between mobility and particle size.
Mixing
The process of making a system of particles of different chemical composition or different particle size become a relatively uniform system. 2.4.12
Mixing index
The ratio of the standard deviation to the mean value obtained when testing the degree of mixing uniformity. 2. 4.13
fluidization
The operation in which solid particles are lifted by a fluid so that the entire system exhibits certain characteristics of the fluid. 2. 4.14
particulatefluidization A relatively stable fluidization. Generally, liquid-solid fluidization belongs to particulate fluidization. 2.4.15
Aggregative fluidization is a more intense fluidization. Generally, gas-solid fluidization belongs to aggregative fluidization. 2.4.16
Drying
The operation of evaporating the liquid contained in the solid. 2. 4. 17
Dedusting
The method of reducing the dust content and environmental pollution in the operating space. 2.4.18
Pressure
The process of compressing the powder in the mold. 2.4.19
Cold pressing
The process of pressurizing at or below room temperature. 2.4.20
Warm pressing
The process of pressurizing at a temperature above room temperature and below the sintering temperature range. 104
Dispersant/dispersingagentAn additive that prevents particles from agglomerating and disperses them into individual particles. 2.4.5
Dispersionmedium
The continuous phase in a dispersed system can be gas, liquid or solid. 2.4.6
Surface treatmentsurfacetreatment
A general term for processes such as surface shaping, surface modification and surface coating. 9
TTKAONYKACa
GB/T16418—2008
Elutriation
The classification process caused by the movement of rising fluid. 2.4.8
Sedimentation
The process in which solid particles suspended in a fluid medium fall under the action of external forces, including gravity sedimentation and centrifugal sedimentation. 2.4.9
Filtration
The process of passing aerosols or suspensions through filter materials with different pore sizes to achieve particle classification. 2.4.10
Hydrodynamic chromatographyThe process of passing a suspension through a pile of spherical supports, i.e., a chromatographic column, and using the relationship between mobility and particle size to separate particles of different sizes along the chromatographic column.
Mixing
The process of making a system of particles with different chemical compositions or different particle sizes become a more uniform system. 2.4.12
Mixing index
The ratio of the standard deviation to the mean value obtained when testing the degree of mixing uniformity. 2. 4.13
Fluidization
The operation in which solid particles are lifted by fluid so that the whole system presents certain characteristics of fluid. 2. 4.14
Particulatefluidization is a relatively stable fluidization. Generally, liquid-solid fluidization belongs to particulate fluidization. 2.4.15
Aggregativefluidization is a more violent fluidization. Generally, gas-solid fluidization belongs to aggregate fluidization. 2.4.16
Drying
The operation of evaporating and removing the liquid contained in the solid. 2. 4. 17
Dedusting
The method of reducing the dust content and environmental pollution in the operating space. 2.4.18
Pressure
The process of compressing the powder in the mold. 2.4.19
Cold pressing
Pressure-pressing process at or below room temperature. 2.4.20
Warm pressing
Pressure-pressing process at a temperature above room temperature and below the sintering temperature range.4
Dispersant/dispersingagentAn additive that prevents particles from agglomerating and disperses them into individual particles. 2.4.5
Dispersionmedium
The continuous phase in a dispersed system can be gas, liquid or solid. 2.4.6
Surface treatmentsurfacetreatment
A general term for processes such as surface shaping, surface modification and surface coating. 9
TTKAONYKACa
GB/T16418—2008
Elutriation
The classification process caused by the movement of rising fluid. 2.4.8
Sedimentation
The process in which solid particles suspended in a fluid medium fall under the action of external forces, including gravity sedimentation and centrifugal sedimentation. 2.4.9
Filtration
The process of passing aerosols or suspensions through filter materials with different pore sizes to achieve particle classification. 2.4.10
Hydrodynamic chromatographyThe process of passing a suspension through a pile of spherical supports, i.e., a chromatographic column, and using the relationship between mobility and particle size to separate particles of different sizes along the chromatographic column.
Mixing
The process of making a system of particles with different chemical compositions or different particle sizes become a more uniform system. 2.4.12
Mixing index
The ratio of the standard deviation to the mean value obtained when testing the degree of mixing uniformity. 2. 4.13
Fluidization
The operation in which solid particles are lifted by fluid so that the whole system presents certain characteristics of fluid. 2. 4.14
Particulatefluidization is a relatively stable fluidization. Generally, liquid-solid fluidization belongs to particulate fluidization. 2.4.15
Aggregativefluidization is a more violent fluidization. Generally, gas-solid fluidization belongs to aggregate fluidization. 2.4.16
Drying
The operation of evaporating and removing the liquid contained in the solid. 2. 4. 17
Dedusting
The method of reducing the dust content and environmental pollution in the operating space. 2.4.18
Pressure
The process of compressing the powder in the mold. 2.4.19
Cold pressing
Pressure-pressing process at or below room temperature. 2.4.20
Warm pressing
Pressure-pressing process at a temperature above room temperature and below the sintering temperature range.
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