Some standard content:
Machinery Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
General technical conditions for fan packaging
1 Subject content and scope of application
JB/T 6444--92
This standard specifies fan packaging Technical requirements, acceptance rules and test methods, marking, transportation and storage, etc. This standard applies to the packaging of all types of centrifugal and axial fans, blowers, compressors, Roots blower products and accessories (hereinafter referred to as fans).
This standard does not apply to the packaging of export fan products. 2 Reference standards
GB153
Ordinary sawn timber
GB155 meter timber defects
GB 191
Packaging, storage and transportation pictorial mark
GB349 Steel nails
Exterior dimensions and weight series of cargo containers GB 1413
GB1834 Minimum internal dimensions of general containers GB7284 Frame meter box
GB/T13384 General technical conditions for packaging of mechanical and electrical products 3 Technical requirements| | tt | 3.1.2 From the date of shipment, the manufacturer should ensure that the fan will not cause corrosion, mold damage, reduced accuracy, leakage, etc. due to poor packaging for at least one year under normal storage and transportation conditions. Special requirements shall be implemented according to the agreement between the supplier and the buyer. 3.1.3 The fan packaging method consists of inner packaging and outer packaging. 3.7.4 The packaging place should be kept clean and ventilated, and the air should not contain corrosive gases. 3.1.5 The parts of the fan packaging must pass the inspection. The outer packaging can only be carried out after the paint is completely dry, the accompanying documents are complete, and the inner packaging is completed.
3.1.6 The overall dimensions of the packaging box and the weight of the package should comply with the overweight and overweight limit regulations of the transportation department. Note: 1) refers to the packaged components of the fan and parts. 3.1.7 Fans transported in containers should comply with the requirements for container transportation. The overall dimensions, weight and minimum internal dimensions of the container shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB1413 and GB1834. 3.1.8 In addition to complying with the requirements of this standard, the packaging must also be manufactured in accordance with the packaging box design drawings and relevant technical documents approved through prescribed procedures. .
3.2 Pre-packaging requirements
3.2.1 The metal processing surfaces that are prone to rust must be protected against corrosion before packing. If anti-rust grease or peelable plastic is used for coating, the non-coated surface should be cleaned of oil, iron filings, dust and other debris. Approved by the Ministry of Machinery and Electronics Industry of the People's Republic of China on 1992-07-20 and implemented on 1993-01-01|| tt||199
2527
JB/T 6444-92
3.2.2 Adjust the moving parts so that the fan has the minimum overall size and fix it. Remove as many protruding parts as possible and pack them separately. 3.2.3 Components that are easily affected by moisture should be sealed and moisture-proof packaging. Use waterproof and low moisture permeability materials (such as plastic film, seal and package the components before placing them in the packaging box). 3.3 Outer packaging protection form
According to the specific structural characteristics of the fan, its precision, importance, and storage and transportation methods, the packaging protection form should be selected reasonably. Fan packaging protection forms are divided into box packaging, simple packaging, operation packaging, etc. For structural examples and application scope of commonly used packaging forms, please see Appendix A (reference part). 3.3.1 Box packaging is used to pack parts or entire products that are highly precise, easily damaged, afraid of moisture, anti-corrosion, and easily lost. Boxing can be divided into the following categories:
a. According to the structural characteristics, it can be divided into ordinary wooden boxes, sliding wooden ordinary wooden boxes, and frame wooden boxes; b. According to the protection requirements and box board arrangement, it can be divided into They are closed boxes and lattice boxes. C. According to the box making materials, they can be divided into cartons, wooden boxes and plastic boxes, etc. 3.3.2 The ventilator is allowed to be in a simple form, but the motor, instruments, and bearings must have waterproof, rust-proof, and shock-proof protection measures. 3.3.3 Large fans with rough appearance and used outdoors and parts with low protection requirements can be installed naked. 3.3.4 Parts such as exposed processing surfaces and flange surfaces that are suitable for bare installation and are afraid of being touched should be partially (closed) packaged for protection. 3.4 Outer packaging strength requirements
The outer packaging should have sufficient strength. After tests such as falling and transportation, there should be no damage, deformation, or obvious displacement of the products enclosed within the box.
3.5 Principle of Cartoning
3.5.1 Only parts of the same fan can be installed in the same box. Parts with special protection requirements should be packaged separately as required. 3.5.2 Cartoning is carried out in units of components. If conditions permit, the entire product or several components should be packaged together to make full use of the space in the box. The number of packages should be as small as possible. 3.5.3 Precision instruments and precision parts belonging to the same product should be packed in a special wooden box as much as possible and firmly fixed in the packaging box of the corresponding product. || tt | Pine and purple spruce, etc. 3.6.1.2 The sliding timbers, sleepers and frames shall be made of first-grade wood. The cover and side panels are made of second-grade materials. The grade of wood shall comply with the provisions of GB153, and the allowable defects in various parts of box-making wood shall comply with the provisions of GB155. 3.6.1.3 The moisture content of the skids, sleepers and frame materials of the closed box shall not be greater than 30%, and the moisture content of the box boards shall not be greater than 12% to 25%. Note: The moisture content of wood can be measured with a "wood moisture content meter". 3.6.1.4 Packaging boxes can also be made of other materials that have been proven to be reliable in performance, such as bamboo reinforced plywood, reinforced concrete, magnesite concrete, particleboard, etc. The use of these materials should comply with relevant national standards. 3.6.2 Sliding wood
3.6.2.1 The two ends of the sliding wood are about half the height from the bottom surface, and made into a lower bevel angle of 45° to 55, see Figure 1. -55
Picture 1
3.6.2.2 For frame wooden boxes with a package weight of more than 3000kg, auxiliary sliding wood can be installed at the bottom of the sliding book, see Figure 2. 3.6.2.3 The height of the sliding wood - Generally, it does not exceed 200mm. If the strength is not enough, the number of slides can be increased. 3.6.2.4 When it is necessary to use a forklift to transport packages with slides laterally, the bottom of the slide should be provided with forklift holes, as shown in Figure 3; see Table 1 for its dimensions. The installation dimensions of the wooden 200
JB/T6444-92
box when the rope hanging port is set in the middle are shown in Figure 4. 3.6.2.5 Both ends of the sliding wood should generally not be exposed outside the box. 3.6.2.6 For skids with a load of more than 5000kg, a lifting guard iron should be added at the bend of the hanging rope. The form of the lifting guard iron is shown in Figure 5. Auxiliary slide
15°
Picture 2
L
Picture 3
Table 1
Package weight
kg
1000
≤2000
3000
5000
auxiliary sliding wood
≥200
300||tt ||>Box length 12
pellets
mm
60~70
70~~80
Sliding wood
base plate| |tt||Sliding wood
Auxiliary sliding wood
1
700
1000
1200
1400
> 30cm
Picture 4 The hanging rope opening in the middle
Picture 5
3.6.2.7 The sliding wood is generally made of monolithic material. When there is no monolithic material, the clamping steel plate and fastening bolts should be reasonably selected according to the size of the slide for docking (see Figure 6). The docking position should not be in the center. The docking positions of each slide on the same packaging box must be staggered 201
3.6.3 Frame wooden box
Fastening bolts
JB/T6444-92| |tt||Figure 6
3.6.3.1 Basic structure of frame wooden box: It consists of base, side plates, end plates, cover plates, etc., see Figure 7. 13
Door
picture? The structure of the frame sliding wooden box
Clamping steel plate
1·Sliding wood; 2--Sleeper; 3-Bottom plate; 4 Auxiliary slide; 5 Hoisting iron; 6--Cushion: 7 - Bolts: 8 - Nuts: 9 retain; 10 - Side plates; 11 - Side bars: 12· Side diagonal braces; 13:· Middle column; 11 - Side frame wood 15 - Cover plate: 16 - Cross beam; 17 - 18 end diagonal braces of end vertebra wood: 19 - end columns: 20 - end battens: 21 - end plate 3.6.3.2 The cross-sectional dimensions of each component of the frame wooden box are calculated and selected according to GB7284. 17
18
20
21
3.6.3.3. The distance between boxed products and the inner wall of the box is generally kept at 30 to 50mm, and the distance from the top of the box is kept at 50 to 80mm. 3.6.3.4. The top cover of the enclosed box can be made of full board or the grid can be lined with linoleum and must have sufficient strength. The top cover plate is flush with the surrounding box plates.
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JB/T6444—92
3.6.3.5 When packaging in wooden boxes, the following regulations should generally be met: a. When the weight of the package exceeds 200kg, nail slides should be added to the bottom of the box. The end of the package should be flush with the box board; b. When the weight of the package exceeds 1000kg, it should be packed in a frame-type wooden box. The frame form can be selected according to the frame structure form in GB7284.
3.6.4 Nailing requirements
3.6.4.1 Wooden boxes should be reasonably selected according to the material thickness and material strength of the wooden box, as shown in Table 2. Table 2
Wood
Wood
Plate
Lumber
Thickness
50
>50～70|| tt||>70
15~18
21~25
30-40
Round steel nail specifications
3. 8 × 80 -$4 . 2× 90
$4.5x100$5.0×120Www.bzxZ.net
5.0×120$6.0×160
42.2×40
$2.5×45
$3. 4 × 70~Φ3. 8X 80
mm
3.6.4.2 Steel nails should be driven from thin materials to thick materials, and more than 2/3 of the length of the steel nails should be driven into thicker components. The distance between the steel nails and the edge of the wooden square (or board) shall not be less than 25mm, and the nails shall be nailed in a wavy pattern, as shown in Figure 8. The nail distance is generally 5080mm. The exposed nail tip should be bent into the base.
Figure 8
3.6.4.3 When nailing on easily cracked wood, holes smaller than the diameter of the steel nail can be drilled in advance. 3.6.4.4 At least 2 steel nails should be nailed to each box board, and the joints of the side and end frames should not be separated from the seams. 3.6.5 Packing requirements
3.6.5.1 Packing parts should be firmly padded, clamped firmly, fixed on the base of the packaging box, and must not be moved. Fixing and protection methods should comply with the provisions of Appendix B (Supplement).
3.6.5.2 Only after the fan has passed the inspection and has taken anti-rust, anti-shock and other protective measures, can it be packed according to the packing list. Someone should supervise the packing when packing, and no missing or wrong packing is allowed.
3.6.5.3 Each single part and component in the box should be labeled, indicating the name, specifications, and quantity of the actual items contained, which should be consistent with the contents recorded on the label and packing list.
3.6.5.4 Packing parts should be placed inside the box and are not allowed to be placed vertically or sideways. Large and heavy parts are placed in the lower part, while small, light and fragile parts are placed in the upper part and must be fixed and not moved.
3.6.5.5 Bolts, nuts, washers and other fasteners and other small parts that are easily lost should be classified into polyethylene bags, tied with labels, marked, and fixed in the box.
3.6.5.6 Accessory boxes, spare parts boxes, and tool boxes should be fixed in the gaps of the main chassis as much as possible. Accessories, spare parts, tools, etc. should be tightly packed in the box. | |tt | style packaging. 3.6.5.7
3.6.5.8 The exposed opening of the bare-clad fan should be blocked, and wooden boards or other materials can be used to seal it tightly to prevent debris from entering. 3.6.5.9 The outside of important parts of the fan must be covered with a transparent polyethylene film cover, and the cover surface must not be cracked or oily. 3.6.5.10 Instruments, meters, electrical components and removable precision parts that are easily damaged during transportation should be packaged separately according to requirements. 3.6.5.11 The packaging box must not be mixed with dirt, moisture, oil and other dirt. 3.6.6 Reinforcement of the packaging box | To fasten the box, there are usually two oxidized steel strips, and the width of the steel strips is not less than 15mm. Steel lap nails should be used, and the overlap length should not be less than 100mm. See Figure 9. Fasten the iron-wrapped
layers
steel strips
Figure 9
3.6. 6.2 Ordinary wooden boxes and frame wooden boxes should be fastened with iron at the intersection of the battens, as shown in Figure 9. See Figure 10 for the dimensions and specifications of the fastening wrapping iron, fastening wrapping angle and starting protective iron. | |tt | The frame assembly of the package should be fastened with bolts, and U-shaped nails, T-shaped, or L-shaped iron can be used to strengthen the connection strength at the joints between the wood, beams, columns, and braces. As shown in Figure 11. 204
U-shaped nail fastening
3.7 Inner packaging protection
3.7.1 Shockproof packaging
JB/T 6444--92||tt| |T-shaped iron fastening
Figure 11
L-shaped iron fastening
Electrical components that need to be shockproof should be packed in shockproof packaging with dry wood wool, wood blocks, and blank paper scraps , foam plastic, sponge and other shock-proof fillers are tightly packed around the packaged parts to prevent the packaged parts from moving in the box. 3.7.2 Waterproof packaging
3.7.2.1 When the fan is waterproofly packaged, the inner wall of the box should be lined with petroleum asphalt paper, petroleum asphalt linoleum, plastic film, etc. The backing should be flat and tight, close to the inner wall of the box, and pressed and nailed with wooden strips or steel strips. 3.7.2.2 Generally, the waterproof material should be made of a single piece of material. When splicing waterproof materials, welding, bonding, and overlapping can be used. The overlap width shall not be less than 60mm. The overlapping method is:
a. The top cover plate and bottom plate cover the side width with medium width; b. The upper panel of the surrounding box boards covers the lower panel to facilitate water flow out. 3.7.2.3 For large and medium-sized closed boxes for precision parts, the top cover can be constructed with a single-layer full panel and a double-layer waterproof material. The length of the outer layer of waterproof material extending beyond the edge of the box should not be less than 100mm, and should be pressed and nailed with a pressure plate, see Figure 12. Outer cover
Clear paper
Picture 12
Horizontal beam
Pressure plate
Side frame wood
Box board||tt| |3.7.2.4 Large packaging boxes can use ridge-type or sloping roofs to improve waterproof performance. 3.7.3 Moisture-proof packaging
3.7.3.1 All fan parts that need to be moisture-proof should be made of moisture-proof materials (such as aluminum box composite film, plastic film, etc.) into containers for sealed packaging. Before packaging, desiccant (such as silica gel, etc.) should be placed in the container, sealed, and then packaged. 3.7.3.2 Silica gel must be dried before use, and its moisture content should not be greater than 4%. Silica gel should be packed in gauze bags (100 to 200g silica gel per bag). Then hang it securely or place it in an airtight container and seal as quickly as possible. The silicone bag must not be in direct contact with the metal processing surface. The amount of silicone used is calculated according to the relevant regulations of GB/T13384. 3.7.4 Anti-rust packaging
3.7.4.1 The fan should be cleaned and sealed according to the requirements of the relevant process regulations of the product before packing. 3.7.4.2 Select different types of anti-rust materials according to the characteristics of the fan. Anti-rust materials should comply with relevant technical standards. Commonly used anti-rust materials include: anti-rust grease, vapor phase corrosion inhibition, peelable plastics, etc. 205
4 Acceptance rules and test methods
JB/T6444
92
4.1 The finished wooden boxes must be inspected by inspectors according to 100% of the drawings and technical conditions. , only wooden boxes with qualified marks can be used for packaging.
4.2 Appearance inspection of wooden boxes
4.2.1 The sides and end faces should be smooth, the gaps should be tight, and there should be no obvious seams at the junction. 4.2.2 The steel nails cannot be bent halfway or the nail tips are exposed. 4.2.3 The fastening cladding iron and the starting protective iron should be flat and fastened. 4.2.4 The markings on the box surface should be correct, neat and clear, and there should be no other dirt, oil stains, etc. 4.3 When there are major changes in the packaging material or box structure of a newly designed packaging box, the packaging box should be tested according to the domestic fan transportation distance and time before being put into batch production. The packaging box can be used only after passing the test. When the batch of packaging boxes of the same specification and structure is large, at least 1 to 3 pieces should be selected for testing. A single packaging box for a single product must also be tested. After the test, the large box is changed into a small box, and there is no need to re-test when the material cross-sectional size remains unchanged. 4.4 The packaging box to be tested must be packed according to the packaging requirements stipulated in this standard to simulate the weight of the fan, and then be tested. Test items include: lifting test, water spray test, stacking test, and road transportation test. If the test fails, the reasons should be analyzed, the design should be improved, and retesting should be carried out.
4.5 Lifting test
Products weighing equal to or greater than 500kg are packed with simulated weight, and a lifting test is performed after packaging. Press the lifting position and lift at normal speed. The angle between the hanging rope and the horizontal surface of the box is 45°~~55° (see Figure 13). Emergency brake after rising to 1.5m. After moving left and right for 3 minutes, hook down to the ground. Repeat 3 times. If the box has no obvious deformation, it is qualified. Figure 13
4.6 Water spray test
Place the test box (empty box) in a horizontal position, and spray water vertically downward with a spray volume of 100±201./(m2·h). The time is not less than 1h. The spraying time of the magnesite concrete closed box shall not be less than 4 hours. After spraying water, clean the outside, then unpack and inspect. If there is no water in the box, it is qualified. 4.7·Stacking test
The test is carried out as follows:
a. Place the test box on a flat cement floor, evenly stack sand and gravel on the top of the box, so that the pressure on the top of the box is not less than 4.9 kPa, after 1 hour of testing, the maximum deflection of the box top is not greater than 50mm, which is considered qualified.
b. Place the test box on a flat cement floor, place a load plate on the top of the box, and apply the load. The load capacity (including the load plate) is not less than 2kPa. After 1 hour of testing, the appearance of the box shall be inspected. If there is no obvious deformation of the box, it shall be deemed to be qualified. 206
1
4.8 Road transportation test
JB/T 6444--92
Place the test box at the rear of the truck and fix it appropriately. Drive 200km on a third-class highway with an intermediate surface at a speed of 25 to 40km/h, and then unpack and check whether there is any obvious deformation inside and outside the box. There should be no looseness, scattering, or displacement of parts in the box. Check whether the packaged parts are zero or The relevant performance, accuracy, parameters, etc. of the components should be within the specified tolerance range to be qualified. Note: 1) The intermediate pavement of third-class highways is stipulated in JTJ1 "Highway Engineering Technical Standards" that the pavement is crushed and gravel pavement, irregular stone pavement, other granular road surfaces, etc.
5 Marks and Random Documents
5.1 The markings on the packaging box should include shipping marks and packaging, storage and transportation pictorial marks. 5.1.1 The shipping mark should be placed on the front of the packaging box. The shipping mark should generally include: a. Product model, name, specifications and quantity; b. Factory number and box number (or contract number); c. Box size (length × width × height), cm, d. Net weight and Gross weight, kg;
e. Packing date: year and month {;
f. Arrival (port) and receiving unit:
Mingfa station (port) and delivery unit.
5.1.2 The end face of the packaging box should use the following storage and transportation signs according to the characteristics and requirements of the package: lifting position, center of gravity line, upward, moisture-proof, rain-proof, handle with care, etc. The graphics should comply with the regulations of GB191 . 5.1.3 The logo on the box surface should be painted or written accurately, neatly and clearly with non-fading paint or ink on the obvious place on the box surface. For each type of packaging mark, spray-paint the packaging mark at least twice on the surface of the box. 5.2 Random documents generally include:
a. Product instruction manual;
b. Product certificate;
c. Packing list;
d. Consumable parts, Spare parts list;
e, general drawings and installation drawings of fan products, etc. 5.3 The accompanying documents should be neat and beautiful, sealed tightly in plastic bags, packed in wooden boxes or plastic boxes, and placed in a visible place inside the main box (i.e. the first box).
5.4 When the fans are packed in multiple boxes, the box number is expressed as a fraction. The numerator is the serial number of the packaging box and the denominator is the total number of boxes. The host machine is generally box No. 1, and the box number and total number are all expressed in Arabic numerals. Example: 1/61 - one is the first carton number;
6 means that the total number of boxes is six;
1/6 means that a certain product is packed in six boxes. It's box No. 1. 5.5 When packing in separate boxes, each box should be accompanied by a packing list, and each packing list should be combined into a general packing list, which should be packed in box No. 1.
6 Transportation and Storage
6.1 The transportation of wind turbine packages should comply with the following regulations: 6.1.1 It can be transported by trains, ships, cars, airplanes and other means of transportation. The area around the packaging box should be kept clean and free of contaminants. 6.1.2 It is strictly prohibited to mix fans with active chemicals and other corrosive items in the same compartment (ship cabin) for transportation. 6.1.3 All waterproof, moisture-proof, and rust-proof packaging boxes should be covered with tarps when transported by truck. Well, the overlap of the tarpaulin should ensure that rainwater flows to both sides to ensure that the products in the box are not soaked by rain (snow). 207
3. All waterproof, moisture-proof and rust-proof packaging boxes should be covered with tarpaulin when transported by car. The overlap of the tarpaulin should ensure that rainwater flows to both sides to ensure that the products in the box are not soaked by rain (snow). 207
3. All waterproof, moisture-proof and rust-proof packaging boxes should be covered with tarpaulin when transported by car. The overlap of the tarpaulin should ensure that rainwater flows to both sides to ensure that the products in the box are not soaked by rain (snow). 207
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