This standard specifies the site selection and planning, variety and rootstock selection, planting, soil, fertilizer and water management, shaping and pruning, flower and fruit management, pest and disease control and fruit harvesting for the production of pollution-free food pears. This standard applies to the production of pollution-free food pears. NY/T 5102-2002 Technical Specification for the Production of Pollution-Free Food Pears NY/T5102-2002 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

ICS 65. 020.20
Agricultural Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
NY/T5102—2002
Pollution-free food
2002-07-25 Issued
Technical Specification for Pear Production
2002-09-01 Implementation
Issued by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China
NY/T5102—2002
Appendices A and B of this standard are normative appendices, and Appendix C is an informative appendix. This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. Drafting units of this standard: Fruit Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Shandong Agricultural University. The main drafters of this standard are: Cong Peihua, Liu Fengzhi, Fang Chengquan, Cheng Cungang, Qiu Guisheng, Kang Guodong, Hong Yumei, Zhai Heng, Yang Hongqiang 140
1 Fanquan
Technical regulations for pollution-free food
Pear production
NY/T 5102---2002
This standard specifies the site selection and planning, variety and rootstock selection, planting, soil, fertilizer and water management, shaping and pruning, flower and fruit management, disease and pest control and fruit harvesting for pollution-free food pear production. This standard applies to the production of pollution-free food pears. 2 Normative references
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For any dated referenced document, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revised versions are not applicable to this standard. However, the parties to the agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For any undated referenced document, the latest version applies to this standard. NY/T 442—2001
Technical regulations for pear production
NY/T496-2002General rules for rational use of fertilizersNY5101Environmental conditions for the production of pollution-free food pears3 Site selection and planning
3.1 Site selection
Environmental conditions of the site should meet the requirements of NY5101, and the rest should be implemented in accordance with 3.1 of NY/T442~-2001. 3.2 Site planning
In accordance with 3.2 of NY/T442—2001. 4 Variety and rootstock selection
In accordance with Chapter 4 of NY/T442~-2001. 5 Planting sandalwood
In accordance with 5.1 to 5.6 of NY/T442—2001. 6 Soil, fertilizer and water management
6.1 Soil management
6.1.1 Soil improvement
It is divided into deep plowing with hole expansion and deep plowing of the whole garden. Deep plowing with hole expansion is carried out in combination with autumn basal fertilizer application. A circular ditch or parallel ditch is dug outside the planting hole (ditch), with a width of 80 cm and a depth of 80 cm to 100 cm. When backfilling the soil, mix it with organic fertilizer, put the topsoil on the bottom layer, and the subsoil on the upper layer, and then irrigate it fully to make the roots and soil close.
6.1.2 Intertillage
After rainfall or irrigation during the growing season, the tree trays of the clear tillage orchard and the grass orchard should be intertilled and weeded in time to keep the soil loose. The intertillage depth is 5 cm to 10 cm to facilitate temperature regulation and harvest protection.
6.1.3 Tree circle covering and grass burying
NY/T 5102--2002
The covering materials can be wheat straw, wheat bran, corn straw, rice straw and field weeds, etc., with a covering thickness of 10cm~15cm, and sporadic soil pressing on top. After 3~4 years of continuous covering, shallow turning can be combined with autumn basal fertilizer application; it can also be combined with deep turning to dig large trenches and bury grass to improve soil fertility and water storage capacity. 6.1.4 Planting green manure and inter-row grass
Follow the provisions of 6.1.2 in NY/T442--2001. 6.2 Fertilization
6.2.1 Fertilization principles
Follow the provisions of NY/T4962002. The fertilizers used do not have adverse effects on the orchard environment and fruit quality, and are registered or exempted from registration by the agricultural administrative department. 6.2.2 Types of fertilizers allowed for use
6.2.2.1 Organic fertilizers
Include compost, manure, biogas fertilizer, green manure, crop straw fertilizer, peat fertilizer, cake fertilizer, humic acid fertilizer, fertilizer processed from human and animal waste, etc.
6.2.2.2 Microbial fertilizers
Include microbial preparations and microbial treated fertilizers, etc. 6.2.2.3 Chemical fertilizers
Include nitrogen fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers, potash fertilizers, sulfur fertilizers, calcium fertilizers, magnesium fertilizers and compound (mixed) fertilizers, etc. 6.2.2.4 Foliar fertilizers
Include macronutrient fertilizers, trace element fertilizers, amino acid fertilizers, and humic acid fertilizers. 6.2.3 Restricted pesticides
Fluoride fertilizers and chlorine compound (mixed) fertilizers. 6.2.4 Fertilization method and quantity
6.2.4.1 Base fertilizer
Apply in autumn, mainly farmyard manure, and a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer can be mixed. The amount of fertilizer applied is calculated as follows: 1.5kg~2.0kg of high-quality farmyard manure is applied for every 1kg of pears produced in the early fruiting period; more than 3000kg is applied for every 666.7m2 of pear orchard in the peak fruiting period. The application method is trench application, digging radial trenches or ring trenches around the crown, with a trench depth of 40cm~60cm. 6.2.4.2 Topdressing
6.2.4.2.1 Soil topdressing
The first time is before and after budding, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, the second time is during the flower bud differentiation and fruit expansion period, mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are mixed; the third time is in the late fruit growth period, mainly potassium fertilizer. Fertilization is carried out according to specific conditions at other times. The amount of fertilizer is determined by local soil conditions and fertilization characteristics. The fertilization method is to open a ring ditch or radial ditch under the crown, with a depth of 15cm to 20cm, and irrigate in time after topdressing. 6.2.4.2.2 Foliar spraying
4 to 5 times a year, generally 2 times in the early growth period, mainly nitrogen fertilizer; 2 to 3 times in the later period, mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Trace elements required for the growth and development of fruit trees can also be sprayed according to the tree body. Common fertilizer concentrations are 0.2% to 0.3% urea, 0.2% to 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.1% to 0.3% borax. Foliar spraying should avoid high temperature time. 6.3 Water management
The quality of irrigation water should comply with the provisions of NY5101. The rest shall be implemented in accordance with 6.3 of NY/T442-2001. 7 Shaping and pruning
According to 7.1 to 7.2 of NY/T442-2001. Strengthen pruning during the growing season, timely pull branches and open angles, etc. to increase ventilation and light transmission in the crown. Cut off diseased and insect-infested branches and remove diseased and rotten fruits. 8 Flower and fruit management
Follow the provisions of Chapter 8 of NY/T442-2001. 142
9 Disease and pest control
9.1 Prevention and control principles
NY/T 5102-2002
Based on agricultural and physical control, biological control is advocated. According to the occurrence law and economic threshold of diseases and pests, chemical control technology is used scientifically to effectively control the damage of diseases and pests. 9.2 Agricultural control
Plant high-quality virus-free seedlings; maintain tree vigor and improve disease resistance through measures such as strengthening fertilizer and water management and reasonably controlling loads; reasonably prune to ensure ventilation and light transmission of trees, and deteriorate the growth environment of pests and diseases; remove dead branches and fallen leaves, scrape off old, cracked bark, turn over tree trays, cut off diseased branches and fruits, reduce the source of pests and diseases, and reduce the base number of pests and diseases; do not mix with other fruit trees such as apples and peaches to prevent the rise of secondary pests and diseases; do not plant junipers within 5km around the pear orchard to prevent the spread of rust, etc. 9.3 Physical control
According to the biological characteristics of pests, use methods such as sweet and sour liquid, tree trunks wrapped with grass ropes and insect traps to lure and kill pests. 9.4 Biological control
Artificially release trichogrammatids. Help migration and protect insects, grass, predatory mites and other insect natural enemies. Use beneficial microorganisms and their metabolites to control pests and diseases. Use insect sex pheromones to lure and kill or interfere with adult mating. 9.5 Chemical control
9.5.1 Principles of pesticide use
9.5.1.1 It is prohibited to use highly toxic, highly toxic, high-residue pesticides and teratogenic, paralytic, and mutagenic pesticides (see Appendix A). 9.5.1.2 It is recommended to use biogenic and mineral-derived pesticides. 9.5.1.3 It is recommended to use new high-efficiency, low-toxic, and low-residue pesticides. 9.5.2 Scientific and reasonable use of pesticides
9.5.2.1 Strengthen the prediction and forecast of pests and diseases, use pesticides in a targeted and timely manner, and do not use pesticides when the control indicators are not met or the ratio of beneficial insects to pests is reasonable.
9.5.2.2 According to the characteristics of natural enemies, reasonably select the type of pesticide, application time and application method to protect natural enemies. 9.5.2.3 Pay attention to the alternating use and reasonable mixing of pesticides with different mechanisms of action to delay the development of drug resistance in pathogens and pests and improve the control effect.
9.5.2.4 Apply pesticides in strict accordance with the prescribed concentration, number of applications per year and safety interval requirements, and apply them evenly and carefully. 9.5.2.5 It is recommended to use the chemical pesticides listed in Appendix B. 9. 6 Main pests and diseases
9.6.1 Main diseases
Include pear black spot, rot, dry rot, ring rot, black spot, rust and brown spot. 9.6.2Main parasites
Include pear psyllids, aphids, spider mites, borers, leaf rollers and stink bugs. 9.7Control procedures
See Appendix C.
10Fruit harvesting
Determine the appropriate harvesting period based on the maturity, use and market demand of the fruit. Varieties with different maturity periods should be harvested in stages. Handle the fruit with care during harvesting to avoid mechanical damage. 143
NY/T 5102—2002Www.bzxZ.net
Appendix A
(Normative Appendix)
Prohibited pesticides
Include DDT, BHC, insecticide, methamidophos, parathion, methyl parathion, monocrotophos, phosphamidon, phorate, omethoate, isocarbophos, terbufos, methyl thiocyanate, chlorpyrifos, methyl isoflavone, demeton, carbofuran, aldicarb, methomyl, mercury preparations, arsenic, etc. Pesticides prohibited by other countries shall be subject to their provisions. Appendix B
(Normative Appendix)
Recommended Chemical Agents and Usage Criteria B.1 Usage Criteria for Insecticides and Acaricides
Table B.1 Insecticides and Acaricides
Name of Pesticide
Imidacloprid
Chlorpyrifos
Cyfluthrin
Cypermethrin
Cypermethrin
Fenvalerate
Phoxim
Amitraz
Maximum Number of Uses per Year||tt| |Note: The application methods and usage concentrations of all pesticides shall comply with national regulations. B.2
Guidelines for the use of pesticides
Table B.2 Fungicides
Pesticide name
Diniconazole
Chloropyrimidine
Flusilazole
Imidazole
Mancozeb·Fosfo-Al
Mancozeb
Maximum number of uses per year
Note: The application methods and usage concentrations of all pesticides shall comply with national regulations. 144
Safety interval/d
Safety interval/d
C. 1 From leaf fall to bud break
Appendix C
(Informative Appendix)
Regulations for pest and disease control
C.1. 1 Focus on the prevention and control of rot, dry rot, branch ring disease and spider mites. NY/T 5102-~2002
C.1.2 Remove dead branches and fallen leaves. Combined with winter pruning, cut off diseased and insect-infested branches and diseased and dead fruits, turn the tree tray and scrape off old, rough and warped bark, diseased tumors, diseased spots, etc., and bury them deeply or burn them.
C.1.3 Spray the tree with 3~5 degrees Baume lime sulfur mixture once. C.2 From budding to before flowering
C.2.1 Focus on the prevention and control of black spot, rot, branch ring rot, black spot, pear psylla, spider mites and aphids. C.2.2 Scrape off the lesions and tumors.
C.2.3 Spray flusilazole mixed with imidacloprid.
C.3 From flower drop to before young fruit stringing
C.3.1 Focus on the prevention and control of black spot, fruit ring rot, rust, black spot, split psylla, spider mites and aphids. C.3.2 Spray diniconazole, or flusilazole, or imipenem, or mancozeb to prevent and control rust, black spot and fruit ring rot. C.3.3 During the occurrence of the first generation of pear psylla nymphs, before they have secreted mucus, spray avermectin, imidacloprid or cypermethrin, mixed with carbendazim to prevent and control pear black spot.
C.3.4 For the control of aphids and spider mites, spray imidacloprid or dimethoate. C.4 Fruit expansion period
C.4.1 Focus on the control of black spot, ring rot, black spot, pear psyllid and borer. C.4.2 The pesticides used for the control of black spot and ring rot are the same as those in C.3.2. C.4.3 Mix pyrethroid pesticides and organophosphorus pesticides to control borer and pear psyllid to expand the control targets and improve the control effect.
C.4.4 Entering the rainy season, alternately use double-volume Bordeaux mixture (1:2:200) or systemic fungicides to control fruit and leaf diseases, spraying once every 15 days or so.
C.5 Before and after fruit harvesting
C. 5. 1 Focus on the control of ring rot, anthracnose, black spot and borer. C.5.2 Spray flusilazole or carbendazim, mixed with pyrethroid pesticides. C.5.3 Spray mancozeb once 20 days before harvest to prevent and control fruit diseases. C.5.4 After the leaves fall, clean up the fallen leaves and diseased and insect-infested fruits, and burn or bury them in a centralized manner. 145
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