GB/T 11603-1989 Determination of the average diameter of wool fibers - Air flow method
Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Determination for mean diameter ofwool fibres by airtlow method1 Subject content and scope of application
This standard specifies the test method for determining the mean diameter of wool fibres by airtlow instrument. GB11603-89
This standard is applicable to the determination of the mean diameter of homogeneous sheep wool fibres after washing, opening, mixing and impurity removal by constant pressure airtlow instrument, including raw wool, scoured wool, carbonized wool and combed wool tops. Note: This standard is not applicable to heterogeneous sheep wool fibres. The test results for medullated wool and lamb wool fibres may be biased. 2 Reference standards
GB3291 Textile terminology (general part of textile materials and textile products) GB6978 Test method for cleanliness of raw wool Oven method GB10685 Test method for wool fiber diameter Projection microscope method 3 Definitions
3.1 Raw wool: Wool that contains oil, sweat, dirt, and impurities and has not been preliminarily processed such as washing and impurity removal. 3.2 Homogeneous wool: Each tuft of wool is composed of one type of wool fiber, and the fineness and length of the fibers are slightly different. 3.3 Heterogeneous wool: Each tuft of wool is composed of two or more types of wool fibers. 4 Method overview
The fiber sample is placed in a circular sample cylinder with porous plates at both ends and a fixed volume. The sample cylinder is connected to a flow meter and a pressure gauge, and a fixed pressure air flow is passed through the fibers in the sample cylinder. The average diameter of the wool fiber is obtained based on the statistical correlation between the float height reading or flow reading of the flow meter and the average fiber diameter. 5 Instruments
5.1 Airflow meter: This standard uses a constant pressure airflow meter. The instrument consists of several parts, including air valve B, vacuum pump, fiber sample cylinder A, pressure gauge storage tube D, pressure gauge ZH and flow meter F. Its structural diagram is as follows: Approved by the State Bureau of Technical Supervision on August 14, 1989
Industry Fund Office Free of Charge
Implementation on March 1, 1990
GB1160389
F (flow tit)
Porous plug
Sample cylinder
RAGARG
In addition to being used exclusively for measuring combed wool tops, this instrument should be equipped with a dust filter between flow meter F and fiber sample cylinder A to retain fibers or dust. The screen of the dust filter uses 00 mesh copper wire or stainless steel wire mesh. The state of the instrument during normal use must be consistent with that during calibration, such as using dust filters and rubber hoses of the same specifications. 5.1.1 Calibration of airflow meter
The instrument must be calibrated with standard wool strips when it is newly used or after major overhaul. After calibration, the flow meter reading-average fiber diameter comparison table is calculated. The calibration procedure is shown in Appendix A (Supplement). 5.1.2 Daily calibration of airflow meter is shown in Appendix B (Reference). 5.2. Balance: Its graduation value should be able to meet the requirement of weighing the sample weight ± 0.2%. 5.3 Sample combing machine: Its function is to fully loosen, mix, remove dust and weeds from the washed wool sample, but not to lose excessive fibers. A wool-type Silai analyzer or a micro-combing machine can be used. 6 Sampling and sample preparation
6.1 Batch sampling
6.1.1 Raw wool, washed wool, carbonized wool
Representative batch samples are obtained by core sampling or hand sampling. The sampling quantity and sampling method shall be in accordance with the relevant sampling method regulations. Hand sampling method should be used to take samples from at least two different parts of each sample bag. 6.1.2 Wool tops
According to the relevant provisions of wool top sampling, batch samples shall be obtained. 6.2 Laboratory samples
6.2.1 Raw wool, scoured wool, carbonized wool
6.2.1.1 Spread the obtained batch samples on the sample dividing table into a wool layer of uniform thickness, divide it into 16 equal parts, and take small tufts of wool samples from each equal part to form a representative laboratory sample. The weight of the laboratory sample of the core sample: raw wool shall not be less than 200g; scoured wool and carbonized wool shall not be less than 75g. The weight of the hand sample shall be doubled.
6.2.1.2 Raw wool samples shall be washed and dried in accordance with GB6978. If the residual grease rate of scoured wool, carbonized wool or raw wool samples after washing exceeds 1%, they must be washed again. The felted part cannot be used as a sample. 62
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GB11603—89
6.2.1.3 The washed wool sample is processed by a sample combing machine to loosen, mix, and basically remove impurities. 6.2.2 Wool tops
6.2.2.1 Take a representative part of the batch sample as a laboratory sample, and its weight shall not be less than 50g. 6.2.2.2 If the oil content of the wool top sample exceeds 1%, it shall be treated with two baths of petroleum ether or other similar solvents to reduce the oil content to less than 1%. Wool top samples usually do not need to be mechanically loosened. 6.2.3 Pre-humidification and humidity conditioning of laboratory samples 6.2.3.1 Before pre-humidification and humidity conditioning, use tweezers to remove the remaining grass, wool particles, wool blocks, etc. 6.2.3.2 Prehumidification
If the moisture regain of the laboratory sample exceeds 10%, it shall be prehumidified. The sample shall be pre-dried in a ventilated oven at 50±3℃ for at least 30min to reduce the moisture regain of the sample to below 10%. 6.2.3.3 Humidification
The sample with a moisture regain below 10% shall be humidified in standard atmosphere (20±2℃, 65%±3%rh) for more than 4h to reach moisture absorption equilibrium. 6.3 Test specimens
6.3.1 Raw wool, scoured wool, carbonized wool
From the conditioned sample, use tweezers to take out the fibers, and weigh out 4 or 6 samples according to the weight of each sample specified by the instrument. 6.3.2 Wool strips
Cut the conditioned laboratory sample into short strips, use tweezers to take out the fibers, and weigh out 4 or 6 samples according to the weight of each sample specified by the instrument.
6.3.3 When weighing the sample, tweezers must be used to add or remove fibers from the sample. Weigh to ±0.2% of the specified weight. 7 Test steps
7.1 Calibrate the instrument level. Confirm that the curved surface of the liquid in the glass tube of the pressure gauge is tangent to the upper scale line (zero position). 7.2 Use tweezers to evenly load the sample into the sample tube of the instrument. A special filling rod can be used. The diameter of the filling rod can just fit loosely into the sample tube. The depth of insertion should be limited to the position where the porous plug of the sample tube is pressed in, so as to avoid partial over-tightening of the fiber. Then insert the porous plug and tighten the positioning screw cap. Make sure that no fiber is caught between the porous plug and the wall of the sample tube. 7.3 Slowly open the air valve, adjust the lower curved surface of the pressure gauge liquid to be tangent to the lower scale line of the pressure gauge, and then read the reading in the flow meter that is flush with the top surface of the float. The float height reading is accurate to 1mm, and the flow reading is accurate to 0.1L/min. After checking the corresponding comparison table (float height (mm)-fiber average diameter (um) comparison table or flow (L/min)-fiber average diameter (μum) comparison table], record the fiber average diameter reading (μm). When observing the reading, the visual plane should be kept flush with the lower curved surface of the liquid or the top surface of the float to prevent parallax. Some instruments can get readings directly from the fiber diameter scale of the instrument, but if it does not match the original fiber diameter scale after calibration, it is still necessary to check the conversion table. 7.4 Use tweezers to remove the sample from the sample cylinder. It can be loosened slightly, but the fiber must not be missed. Turn it over and reload it into the sample cylinder. Repeat procedures 6.2 and 6.3 and record the second fiber average reading of the same sample. Note: () The test is carried out in a standard atmosphere. If the sample is prepared and tested in a non-standard atmosphere, the test results should be Correct according to Appendix C (reference). ② During the calibration of the instrument and subsequent normal testing, the sample preparation and test operation methods should always remain consistent. 8 Number of tests and calculations
8.1 Number of tests
8.1.1 Use an airflow meter
to test two samples, and obtain two data for each sample, for a total of 4 fiber average diameter readings. If the range of the 4 readings is greater than the allowable range in the table below, test an additional sample. If it is still greater than the range in the table, test another sample, and test a maximum of 4 samples in total. 8.1.2 Use two airflow meters
to test two samples, that is, each instrument measures 1 sample. If the range of the 4 readings is greater than the range in the table below, each instrument measures 1 sample. If the range of the 8 readings is still greater than the allowable range in the table below, test another sample for each instrument, for a maximum of 6 samples in total. Qimi Free Download
GB.1160389
If the test workload is large and the laboratory conditions permit, it is better to use two airflow meters to offset the instrument error and operation error, and help to detect possible abnormal instrument conditions in time. Allowable range of readings
Use one instrument
Fiber average diameter
2 samples
Test result calculation
3 samples
Use two instruments
2 samples
4 samples
Each sample has two readings (um). The test results are expressed as the arithmetic mean of all fiber average diameter readings (um) of all samples. The calculated results are rounded to the decimal place.
Note: For the precision of the test results, see Appendix D (reference). 10 Test report
The test report shall include the test date; temperature and humidity conditions; sample type, batch, source and number; instrument model and number; sample pretreatment; test number and calculation results. 64
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A1 Standard wool top
GB 11603-89
Appendix A
Calibration of airflow meter
(Supplement)
Airflow meter shall be calibrated with standard wool top. The internationally used standard wool top is uniformly manufactured and supplied by the International Wool Testing Laboratory Association, and consists of a set of 8 types of dry combed wool tops from fine to coarse. The oil content of wool top is less than 1%, and it does not need to be washed or degreased before use. Note: The laboratory that needs standard wool tops can apply for them from the following units: International Wool textile Organization Box 13, Ruc de Luxembourg 19~~21 1041 BRUSSELS, BELGLUM (International Wool Textile Organization, Brussels 1041, Luxembourg Road 19~21, Box 13) Pretreatment of A2 standard wool tops
The standard wool tops used for calibration must be in the same ordered or disordered state as the normal wool to be tested during the test. For this reason, the standard wool tops used for measuring raw wool, scoured wool, and carbonized wool are cut into short sections of about 20mm in length before calibration, and then processed by a sample combing machine to make the fibers in a disordered state. The standard wool tops used for measuring wool tops do not need to be processed by a sample combing machine before calibration, and their pretreatment is the same as the wool top sample preparation method for daily testing.
The standard wool tops are then humidified and weighed to make 5 samples. Note: The instrument should be in the same state during calibration and in subsequent daily tests. Before calibration, perform a leakage test according to B1. A3 Calibration Procedure
A3.1 The scale line of the flowmeter is the height of the float (mm). Make a horizontal mark 180mm away from the zero mark Q of the pressure gauge. Place a millimeter scale ruler on the back of the flowmeter so that the zero position of the ruler coincides with the mark engraved on the bottom of the flowmeter (i.e. the zero position of the flowmeter). Perform the test in accordance with Chapter 7 of this standard and record the distance y (unit: mm) between the float of the flowmeter and the zero position. Draw a curve by plotting the average readings of the 5 samples 31,92.8 and the corresponding known values of the average diameter of the standard wool top fiber di, dd. The result is approximately linearly related. Configure a quadratic regression equation for d and find the coefficients a, b, c according to the following formula.
y= a+ d+ cd2
Solve the following simultaneous equations:
Ey na + bEd + c2d2
Edy -a2d -+ Ed2 + cE3
Edy =a2d2 + Ed + cEd
Where n=8 (number of standard wool strips used for calibration). After solving the coefficients α, b, c, substitute them into formula (A1), calculate the corresponding fiber average diameter value for every 1mm float height, and list the comparison table of float height number (mm)-fiber average diameter (μm). : A3.2 The scale line of the flowmeter is the flow scale (L/min). Test the prepared standard wool strips according to Chapter 7 of this standard. Obtain the average flow reading (L/min) of 5 samples of each standard wool strip, which are Q.,... respectively. The corresponding standard wool strip fiber average diameter marked values are dd...dg (um) respectively. 65bzxZ.net
Standardization Granting Network A
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GB 11603-89
Configure an exponential regression equation for Q and known fiber diameter ±: Q - ad'.
Take the logarithm: lgQ=lga+blgd, convert it into a linear equation, and use the following formula to calculate the coefficients a and b: b
lgdElgQ -- nZ(1gd · IgQ)
(Zlgd)2 -- nZ(Igd)
Iga - IgQ - blgd
(where n=8, i.e. the number of standard wool strips used for calibration)·(A2)
After obtaining the coefficients a and 3, substitute them into formula (A2) to calculate the corresponding fiber average diameter value for every 1L/min flow rate, and list the comparison table of flow reading (L/min) and fiber average diameter (μm). A3.3 The calibration test should be carried out in a standard atmosphere, and the atmospheric pressure during calibration should be recorded. A3.4 The test method during calibration should be consistent with that during normal testing. A3.5 In view of the different sample pretreatment methods for measuring wool tops and loose wool (raw wool, scoured wool, carbonized wool), if the same instrument is used for measuring wool tops and loose wool, two different comparison tables should be listed respectively. Appendix B
Daily calibration of airflow meter
(reference)
B1 Leakage test
Remove the screw cap and porous plug from the fiber sample tube of the airflow meter and plug it with a tight rubber plug. Adjust the air valve so that the liquid bend surface of the pressure gauge drops to near the lower scale line, and use a clamp to close the rubber tube between the flow meter and the vacuum pump. Then carefully observe the changes in the liquid bend surface of the pressure gauge. If the liquid level changes by more than 1mm within 5 minutes, it means that there is a leak in the instrument pipeline system, and it must be repaired before use. B2 Verification with perforated plates
Two aluminum perforated circular plates are made with a diameter that can be inserted into the fiber sample cylinder of the instrument, and each circular plate has a center hole. The circular plate has a flange that can be placed just on the upper end of the sample cylinder. During verification, no fiber is placed in the sample cylinder, but the circular plate is clamped on the top of the sample cylinder instead. The diameter of the center hole of the two circular plates is selected so that the float reading of the flow meter is at one-third of the scale under working conditions, and the center hole diameter of the other circular plate is selected so that the flow meter reading is at two-thirds of the scale. Before using the instrument every day, use the two perforated plates to calibrate once respectively, so that air only enters the instrument from the center hole of the circular plate, and observe the instrument reading. The daily reading variation of the two perforated plates should not exceed 2 mm and 4 mm respectively, otherwise it is abnormal. The perforated plate can make a simple and quick verification of the instrument performance. During verification, rubber pads should be placed between the perforated plate and the sample cylinder for sealing.
B3 Daily calibration of standard samples
Collect 2 to 3 types of wool with fineness close to the commonly tested wool samples, relatively stable fiber diameter test results, and evenly mixed, and determine the average fiber diameter, and use them as standard samples for daily calibration. The number of calibrations may vary depending on the frequency of use of the instrument. However, during the operation of the instrument, it should be calibrated at least 1 to 3 times a week. Instruments that are used very frequently should be calibrated once at the beginning of each day. In addition, standard wool strips should be used for calibration once every six months.
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B4 Maintenance of instruments
GB 11603
B4.1 If raw wool, washed wool, or carbonized wool samples are frequently tested, the dust filter screen should be cleaned once after every 200 to 300 samples are tested. When the instrument is abnormal, the dust filter screen is the key inspection content. B4.2 Every six months or one year (depending on the workload of the instrument), remove the impurities at the connection between the instrument sample tube and the pipeline and in the pipeline. Remove the flow meter, gently wipe the inner wall of the glass with clean gauze, and clean the float. Replace the distilled water of the pressure gauge, and use clean gauze to remove the scale on the inner wall of the pressure gauge. Remove the air valve handwheel, clean the oil inside the valve, and add a few drops of clean engine oil. B4.3 When reassembling the instrument after cleaning, pay attention to the relative position of the scale and the flow meter. When the instrument is horizontal, the flow tube should be vertical (hang a plumb line to observe and check from several directions). The rubber or plastic pipe should be free of kinks and be checked for leaks. B4.4 For other precautions, refer to the instrument's operating and maintenance instructions. Appendix C
Relative humidity correction of test results
(reference)
If the test room cannot maintain the standard test atmosphere conditions of 20±2℃ and 65%±3%rh. The test room samples should be humidified for about 1 to 2 hours near the airflow meter to balance the sample regain and the test environment, and then weigh the samples. Record the relative humidity of the test room during the test, and multiply the test results by the correction factors in the following table for correction. Relative humidity correction factor
Relative humidity, %
Correction factor
Note: The correction factors in the table are extracted from Appendix C of IS01136-1976 "Wool-Determination of the average diameter of fibers by airflow meter method". Biaosoudu.com v.b2s
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GB11603-89
Appendix D
Test precision
(reference)
Variance components and confidence limits table of airflow meter fiber diameter test (95% probability level) Instrument used
Average diameter
Variance between laboratories αμm2
Variance between instruments α\,μm2
Variance between samples as\,μm2
Variance between test results αu\,μm2
Total variance of 2×2 test af,μm2
Confidence limits of 2×2 tests between different laboratories, um Tested with one airflow meter
≤26μm
>26 μm
The variance of 2×2 tests (2 samples, 2 times each) between different laboratories is calculated as follows: Los?
One airflow meter test: one α2+
Two airflow meters test: o=°+%
+as+om
(Comparison within this laboratory, o,2=0), the confidence limit of 95% probability level is 1.96at. Additional remarks:
This standard is proposed by China Fiber Inspection Bureau. This standard is drafted by Shanghai Textile Fiber Inspection Institute. The main drafters of this standard are Wang Jia, Fang Fang, Zhou Ruyu, and Shuai Lingzhen. 68
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Tested with two airflow meters
>26 μm
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