GB 18320-2001 Safety technical requirements for agricultural transport vehicles
Some standard content:
GB18320—2G01
Chapter 6 of this standard is recommended, and the rest is mandatory. With the rapid development of my country's agricultural transport vehicle industry, the technical performance, manufacturing quality and driving speed of agricultural transport vehicles are constantly improving. In order to further improve the safety of agricultural transport vehicles, reduce public hazards and protect personal safety, this standard is specially formulated. This standard is proposed by the National Agricultural Transport Vehicle Standardization Technical Committee. This standard is drafted by: China Agricultural Mechanization Science Research Institute, Agricultural Transport Vehicle Development Research Center of Machinery Industry, National Agricultural Machinery Quality Supervision and Inspection Center
The main drafters of this standard: Zhang Xiansheng, Liu Yanbin, Tang Guangping, Wu Sihang, Jin Suofang. 1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Agricultural vehicles
Safety technical requirements
Agricultural vehicles Safety requirementsiiKAoNiKAca-
GB 18320—2001
This standard specifies the basic technical requirements for preventing safety accidents and ensuring the personal safety of drivers, passengers and maintenance personnel when using agricultural vehicles.
This standard applies to agricultural vehicles.
2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest version of the following standards. GB4094-1999 Signs for vehicle controls, indicators and signal devices GB 8410--1994 Combustion characteristics of automotive interior materials GB9969.1-1998 General principles for instructions for use of industrial products GB10395.1-1989 Safety technical requirements for forestry tractors and machinery Part 1: General principles (egVISO4254-1:1985) CB10396-1999 Agricultural and forestry tractors and machinery Lawn and gardening power machinery Safety signs and hazard graphics General principles (eqv ISO 11684:1995)
GB/T14172-1993 Qualitative bench test method for static rollover of automobiles GB15742-1995 Performance requirements and test methods for automobile electric horns GB/T16708--1996 Test method for maximum rollover angle of three-wheeled motorcycles and three-wheeled mopeds GB 18321—2001:
Noise limit for agricultural transport vehicles
GB18322—2001
Free smoke density limit
Agricultural transport vehicles
JB/T 7235—1994
1Test method for four-wheeled agricultural transport vehicles
JB/T 7237—1994
Test method for three-wheeled agricultural transport vehicles
JB/T 7736- -1995
Reliability assessment for four-wheeled agricultural transport vehicles
JB/T 10195—2000
JB/T 50096-1994
3 Definitions
Rules for the preparation of instructions for use of agricultural transport vehicles Methods for the reliability assessment of three-wheeled agricultural transport vehicles This standard adopts the following definitions.
3.1 Agricultural transport vehicle A motor vehicle with a diesel engine as the power unit, small to medium tonnage, medium and low speed, engaged in road transport, including three-wheeled agricultural transport vehicles and four-wheeled agricultural transport vehicles, but excluding wheeled tractor trains, hand-held tractor trains and hand-held modified transporters. 3.2 Three-wheeled agricultural transport vehicle A three-wheeled agricultural transport vehicle with a maximum design speed of no more than 50km/h, a maximum design gross mass of no more than 2000kg, a length of no more than 4.6m, a width of no more than 1.6m and a height of no more than 2m. Approved by the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision on March 21, 2001 and implemented on June 1, 2001
GB 18320—2001
Four-wheel agricultural transport vehiclefour-wheel agricultural vehicle3.3
Agricultural transport vehicle with four wheels, a maximum design speed of not more than 70km/h, a maximum design gross weight of not more than 4500kg, a length of less than 6m, a width of not more than 2m and a height of not more than 2.5m. Hazards list
Hazards related to agricultural transport vehicles are shown in Table 1.1 Hazards list
Machine hazards
Dismantling and crushing hazards
Shearing hazards
Cable adding hazards
Hazards of attracting or stabbing people
Impact hazards
Hazards of stabbing or piercing
Hazards of high-pressure fluid injection
Hazards of machine instability/overturning
Hazards of slipping, tipping, and falling related to the machine Heat hazards
Electrical hazards
Noise hazards
Hazards caused by materials and substances used or discharged Hazards caused by contact or inhalation of harmful gases and fumes Fire hazards||tt ||Battery hazards
Hazards caused by neglect of ergonomics during design (mismatch between machine and human characteristics and capabilities)
Hazards caused by unhealthy postures or operating effort Hazards caused by inappropriate structure of the patient's arms, legs, and feet Hazards caused by inappropriate lighting or insufficient lighting Hazards caused by insufficient visibility at the work station Hazards caused by inappropriate location of operating mechanisms/control devices Hazards caused by incorrect operation
Hazards caused by lack of safety-related measures/equipment and/or incorrect positioning Various types of protective devices
Various types of safety devices
Starting and stopping devices
Related clauses
5. 2. 1~ 5. 2. 4,5. 4. 6bzxz.net
5. 2. 1 ~ 5. 2. 4
5. 2.1,5. 2. 5,5. 6. 6
5. 6. 4,5. 6. 6
5- 4. 3,5. 4. 6,5. 6. 1+5. 6. 35. 2. 1,5. 2. 6. 1
5. 3,5. 4. 2,5. 4. 3. 5,5. 4. 45. 2. 4,5. 2. 6.1
5. 9. 1,5. 11
5. 2. 7,5. 7
5. 2. 2~~5. 2. 4,5. 4. 2,5. 4. 3. 2,5.4.5
5. 2. 2~ 5. 2. 4
5. 2. 6. 2,5. 5,5. 6. 1,5. 6. 25. 2. 2~ 5. 2. 5,5. 1. 2.5. 4, 5. 15. 2. 4, 5. 4. 1
Various information or warning devices
Safety signs and signals
Power cut-off device
GB 18320—2001
Table 1 (end)
Hazards caused by improper or insufficient information Various combinations of hazards
Hazards caused by loose or falling firmware
Hazards caused by failure or malfunction of the control system Ineffective deceleration, shutdown and fixation of the machine 5 Safety requirements and measures
5.1 General requirements
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Related case clauses
5. 4. 1, 5- 4. 5
5. 2. 4,5. 4. 1,5. 4. 5. 3.5. 4. 6,75.4.4
5.1.1 The design and manufacture of agricultural transport vehicles should ensure the safe operation of the vehicles. There are no unreasonable risks when they are normally operated and maintained according to the manufacturer's product instructions.
5.1.2 The parts used in agricultural transport vehicles shall comply with the relevant national standards and industry standards, and shall be manufactured in accordance with product drawings and technical documents approved through prescribed procedures.
5.2 Driver's working position
5.2.1 Cab interior space
There should be no sharp angles, sharp edges or sharp protrusions in the cab that may cause injury. 5.2.2 Seat
There should be no shearing and extrusion at the junction of the seat and the adjacent rear parts and the seat back. The seat should have sufficient strength and rigidity, be reliably fixed, and be comfortable to ride. The minimum adjustment amount of the adjustable seat in the horizontal (longitudinal) direction should be ±50 mm. There should be no danger of extrusion when the seat (position) is adjusted. The maximum width of the seat should not be less than 400 mm, the maximum depth should not be less than 380 mm, and the backrest height should not be less than 260 mm. 5.2.3 Steering wheel (handlebar)
The center of the steering wheel (handlebar) should be located on the center plane of the seat level, and the parking amount should not exceed 50mm in any case. The gap between the steering wheel (handlebar) and adjacent parts should not be less than 80 square meters. 5-2.4 Control mechanism
The control mechanisms such as the steering wheel (handlebar), gear lever, pedals, handles and switches of agricultural transport vehicles should be reasonably arranged and configured so that the driver can control and operate them safely and conveniently in the seat. Except for those with very clear functions, the functions, operating directions, etc. should be clearly indicated on or near the control mechanism with durable signs. The operating symbols used for signs should have obvious color difference with the background. The instruction manual should provide easy-to-understand and detailed operating instructions for all control mechanisms. Pedals and footrests should take anti-slip measures. There shall be no shearing and squeezing in the operating area of the operating mechanism. There shall be a minimum clearance of 50 mm around the operating mechanism (excluding the steering wheel or the handlebar) with an operating force greater than or equal to 50 N, and a minimum clearance of 25 mm around the operating mechanism with an operating force less than 50 N. As long as there is no danger of misoperation of the adjacent operating mechanism, there is no requirement for the above clearance for the button/shutdown type operating mechanism. 5.2.5 Access to and from the cab
The access to and from the driver's seat shall be unobstructed, with a minimum width of 250 mm, and there shall be no operating mechanism in the access that may affect the driver's passage. When the door is opened, the width of the upper access of the door shall not be less than 450 mm for three-wheeled agricultural transport vehicles and shall not be less than 550 mm for four-wheeled agricultural transport vehicles, and the width of the lower access shall not be less than 250 mm. 5.2.6 Doors and windows
GB 18320—2001
5.2.6.1 The doors of agricultural transport vehicles shall not open automatically, and safety glass shall be used for doors and windows. 5.2.6.2 The cab of an agricultural transport vehicle must ensure the driver's forward and side vision. No mirror-reflective sunshade film is allowed on any window glass.
5.2.7 Interior materials
The interior materials of the cab should have flame retardancy in accordance with GB8410. 5.3 Vehicle stability
5.3.1 The rear overhang of an agricultural transport vehicle shall not exceed 55% of the wheelbase, and the rear overhang of a four-wheeled agricultural transport vehicle with a closed compartment shall not exceed 60% of the wheelbase.
5.3.2 The ratio of the steering axle (wheel) load to the vehicle's curb weight and the maximum permissible total mass in the unloaded and fully loaded state shall not be less than 18% for a three-wheeled agricultural transport vehicle and shall not be less than 20% for a four-wheeled agricultural transport vehicle.5.3.3 The maximum roll stability angle of an agricultural transport vehicle tilting to the left and right in an unloaded and static state shall not be less than 25" for a three-wheeled agricultural transport vehicle and shall not be less than 35" for a four-wheeled agricultural transport vehicle.5.4 Control system
5.4.1 Starting switch and throttle control mechanism
The function and operation direction of each position of the starting switch of an agricultural transport vehicle shall be clearly marked and have a clear color difference with the background. The starting switch of an agricultural transport vehicle shall not rely on the driver to apply The continuous force can put it in the flameout position. When it is in the flameout position, it can only be restarted after being manually restored to the normal position.
The driver should be able to shut down the agricultural transport vehicle while sitting in the seat. The engine throttle control mechanism should ensure that the engine runs stably within the full speed regulation range. 5.4.2 Steering system
5.4.2.1 The steering wheel (handlebar) of a three-wheeled agricultural transport vehicle shall not be set on the right side, and the steering wheel of a four-wheeled agricultural transport vehicle must be set on the left.
5.4.2.2 The maximum free turning angle of the steering wheel of an agricultural transport vehicle from the middle position to the left or right shall not be greater than 22.5° for a three-wheeled agricultural transport vehicle and shall not be greater than 15° for a four-wheeled agricultural transport vehicle. 5.4.2.3 Agricultural transport vehicles should be equipped with a steering limit device. 5.4.2.4 The steering wheel of a three-wheeled agricultural transport vehicle shall not turn left or right at an angle greater than 45°. The lateral sideslip of the steering wheel of a four-wheeled agricultural transport vehicle with a non-independent frame on the front axle shall not be greater than 5 m/km. 5.4.2.5 The steering wheel of an agricultural transport vehicle should be able to automatically return to the center position after steering. A four-wheeled agricultural transport vehicle should have a moderate understeering characteristic. 5.4.2.6 When an agricultural transport vehicle is driving on a flat, hard, dry and clean cement or asphalt road, and transitions from straight driving to circular driving with a radius of 12m along a spiral line within 55 at a speed of 10km/h, the maximum tangential force applied to the outer edge of the steering wheel shall not exceed 245N.
5.4.3 Braking system
5.4.3.1 An agricultural transport vehicle shall have an independent and reliable driving braking system and parking brake. 5.4.3.2 The pedal force of the service brake when producing the maximum braking effect shall not exceed 700N. The force applied to the control device by the parking brake: the hand control shall not exceed 600N; the foot control shall not exceed 700N. The pedal stroke and the reserve stroke of the parking control device shall comply with the provisions of the relevant product standards.
5.4.3.3 All wheels of four-wheeled agricultural transport vehicles shall be equipped with brakes. The service brake system shall adopt dual or multi-circuit. When part of the pipe fails, the remaining braking efficiency can still maintain more than 30% of the original specified value. The brake must have a wear compensation device. 5.4.3.4 The service braking performance of agricultural transport vehicles under specified conditions shall be able to meet the following requirements: a) The braking distance and braking stability of agricultural transport vehicles in road tests under specified conditions shall comply with the provisions of Table 2. Agricultural transport vehicle type
CB 183202001
Table 2 Braking distance and braking stability requirements
Judicial inspection braking
Initial braking speed
Agricultural transport vehicles with a maximum design speed ≥40 km/hAgricultural transport vehicles with a maximum design speed <40 km/h30
Distance requirements
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Air inspection braking
Distance requirements
Any
part of the agricultural transport vehicle shall not exceed the
test track width
b) The braking force and braking force balance requirements of agricultural transport vehicles in bench tests under specified conditions shall comply with the provisions of Table 3. Table 3 Braking force and braking force balance requirements
Percentage of total braking force to vehicle mass
Percentage of axle braking force to axle load under no-load and full-load conditions, %
Balance requirements for left and right wheel braking force
Four-wheel agricultural transport vehicle
Three-wheel agricultural transport vehicle
The ratio of the maximum value of the left and right wheel braking force difference measured simultaneously during the whole process of braking force growth to the larger braking force of the left and right wheels of the axle measured during the whole process shall not be greater than 20% for the front axle and shall not be greater than 24% for the rear axle when the rear axle braking force is greater than or equal to 60% of the rear axle load withdrawal; when the rear axle braking force is less than When the rear axle load is 60%, the maximum value of the left and right wheel braking force difference measured simultaneously during the whole process of braking force growth shall not be greater than B% of the rear axle load. 5.4.3.5 The parking brake performance of agricultural transport vehicles under specified conditions shall meet the following requirements: Road test inspection: Under the specified operating force and no-load state, the parking brake device shall enable the agricultural transport vehicle to lock the working parts through purely mechanical devices even without a driver, and ensure that the agricultural transport vehicle remains stationary in both positive and negative directions on a slope with a slope of 20% and an adhesion coefficient between the tire and the road surface of not less than 0.7 for not less than 5 minutes. Bench test inspection: When the vehicle is empty, with one driver on board and the parking brake device in use, the total parking brake force shall not be less than 20% of the vehicle mass under the test state.
Note: If there is any doubt about its driving braking performance after the bench test, it can be re-inspected by road test, and the result of the full-load road test shall prevail. If there is any doubt about the parking brake performance, a road test can be used for re-inspection, and the result of the road test shall prevail. 5.4.4 Driving system
The tire nuts and half-axle nuts installed on agricultural transport vehicles shall be complete and complete, and shall be tightened according to the specified torque. 5.4.5 Transmission system
5.4.5.1 The clutch pedal of the agricultural transport vehicle must be placed in a position that is convenient for the driver's left foot to operate. The clutch should engage smoothly and disengage completely. The clutch pedal operating force should not exceed 300N, and the free travel should comply with the provisions of the corresponding product standards. 5.4.5.2 When the transmission shifts gears, the gears are meshed flexibly, the interlocking and self-locking devices are effective, and there shall be no disorderly gears or automatic gear jumps. The shift lever operating force shall comply with the provisions of the corresponding product standards. 5.4.5.3 There must be a sign on the shift lever that allows the driver to easily identify the gear position of the transmission from the driver's seat. If it is difficult to arrange on the shift lever, it should be arranged in a visible position near the shift lever. 5.4.6 Tipping device
Tipping trucks should be equipped with mechanical stabilizing devices for maintenance after lifting, and side-tipping dump trucks should be equipped with locking devices for transportation. The locking devices should be able to lock reliably. The instructions for use of the tipping control mechanism and locking devices should be given in the instruction manual. 5.5 Lighting, signal devices and other electrical equipment 5.5.1 Agricultural transport vehicles shall be equipped with headlights, front position lights, rear position lights, brake lights, rear license plate lights, rear reflectors and front and rear turn signal lights. Their weight, position, light color, etc. shall comply with the provisions of the relevant product standards. 5.5.2 The luminous intensity of the high beam of each headlight of an agricultural transport vehicle shall meet the requirements of Table 4. Types of agricultural transport vehicles
Four-wheel agricultural transport vehicles
Three-wheel agricultural transport vehicles
One-lamp system
GB 18320—2001
Table 4 Requirements for the luminous intensity of the high beam of headlights Newly registered vehicles
Two-lamp system
10 000
Four-lamp system
One-lamp system
Previous: Agricultural transport vehicles with four-lamp system shall be deemed qualified if two symmetrical lamps meet the requirements of the two-lamp system. In-use vehicle
Two-light system
Four-light system
5.5.3 The headlights of agricultural transport vehicles shall be equipped with high and low beam conversion devices, and when the high beam changes to low beam, all high beams shall be able to be extinguished at the same time. The low beams of all headlights shall not be dazzling. The left and right high and low beams of the same agricultural transport vehicle are not allowed to be turned on crosswise. 5.5.4 Four-wheeled agricultural transport vehicles shall be equipped with hazard warning flashers, and their operating devices shall not be controlled by the main power switch. The flashing frequency of the hazard warning flashers and turn signal lights shall be 1.5Hz±0.5Hz, and the starting time shall not be more than 1.5s. 5.5.5 The dashboard of four-wheeled agricultural transport vehicles shall be equipped with turn signal lights and blue high beam indicator lights that are suitable for the driving direction. 5.5.6 Instrument lights shall be installed on the dashboard. When the instrument lights are on, they shall be able to clearly illuminate all instruments on the dashboard and shall not be dazzling. 5.5.7 The front position lights, rear position lights, license plate lights and instrument lights of agricultural transport vehicles should be able to be turned on and off at the same time, and can still be lit when the headlights are turned off and the engine is turned off.
5.5.8 The front and rear turn signal lights, hazard warning flashers and brake lights of agricultural transport vehicles should be visible from 100m during the day; the rear position lights should be visible from 300m at night in good weather; the rear license plate lights should be able to clearly see the license plate number from 20m at night in good weather. The brightness of the brake lights should be significantly greater than the rear position lights. 5.5.9 Agricultural transport vehicles should be equipped with horns with continuous sounding functions, and their operation should be reliable. The sound level of the horn of the agricultural transport vehicle should be 90~115 dB(A) when measured at 2m in front of the vehicle and 1.2m above the ground. 5.5.10 Four-wheeled agricultural transport vehicles equipped with multi-cylinder diesel engines should be equipped with water temperature gauge or water overflow warning light (except evaporative water cooling system), ammeter (or voltmeter charging indicator light), fuel gauge, speedometer and oil pressure gauge (or oil pressure warning light) and other instruments and switches, and they should be kept sensitive and effective. Three-wheeled agricultural transport vehicles and four-wheeled agricultural transport vehicles equipped with single-cylinder diesel engines should be equipped with oil pressure gauge (or oil pressure indicator), water temperature gauge (except evaporative water cooling system), ammeter (or voltmeter, charging indicator light or charging indicator. Agricultural transport vehicles with pneumatic brake system should also be equipped with air pressure gauge. 5.6 Safety protection device
5.6.1 Agricultural transport vehicles must be equipped with a rear mirror on each side. The installation position and angle of the exterior rearview mirror of agricultural transport vehicles should ensure that the traffic conditions within 50 Ⅱ on the left and right sides of the vehicle body and behind the vehicle can be seen. Installed on the outside 1.8 m from the ground The rearview mirror below should have the function of mitigating impact when pedestrians etc. come into contact with the mirror. 5.6-2 The front windshield of agricultural transport vehicles should be equipped with a wiper that can work properly. When the wiper is turned off, the wiper blade should be able to automatically return to its initial position.
5.6.3 Four-wheeled agricultural transport vehicles should be equipped with a front bumper. 5.6.4 When the ground clearance of the rear end of its body or chassis assembly without a body is greater than 700mm in the unloaded state, it must be equipped with a protective device that can effectively prevent other vehicles and non-vehicles from penetrating from the rear and bottom of the agricultural transport vehicle. 5.6.5 A safety frame that is more than 70mm higher than the cab should be installed at the front of the carriage of a four-wheeled agricultural transport vehicle (dump trucks with a maximum design gross mass of 2 t and below). 5.6.6 The driving belts and pulleys, flywheels, fans, starting claws and other moving parts of agricultural transport vehicles that may cause danger during normal starting or operation should be placed in a safe position or protected with protective covers, baffles or similar protective devices. 5.6-7 All wheels of agricultural transport vehicles should have mudguards. 5.6.8 All protective devices and safety distance requirements specified in this standard shall comply with the provisions of GB 10395.1 and be permanently connected or fixed and cannot be removed without tools.
5.7 Safety requirements for hydraulic, fuel and lubrication systems 5.7.1 Pipelines
High-pressure pipelines should be firmly fixed and, if necessary, protected to ensure that when the oil pipe ruptures, it will not splash onto the human body, high-temperature components and electrical equipment, etc. that can cause danger.
GB 18320—2001
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Pipes, especially flexible pipes and pipe joints, should be kept away from high temperature surfaces, moving parts, exhaust ports and electrical equipment. 5.7.2 The layout of the fuel tank
The fuel tank should be arranged in a way that does not allow the oil leaking or overflowing during filling to enter the exhaust pipe, exhaust port projection area and electrical equipment. The fuel tank should be strong and firmly fixed. The fuel tank and its filling port and vent should ensure that the oil will not burst when the agricultural transport vehicle is shaken. The refueling port and vent of the tank are not allowed to face the opening direction of the exhaust pipe, and should be more than 300mm away from the exhaust pipe outlet end, otherwise an effective heat insulation device should be installed. The refueling port and vent of the fuel tank should be more than 200mm away from the exposed electrical connector and electrical switch. 5.8 Thermal protection
The hot surface that may be touched during the normal start and operation of the agricultural transport vehicle according to the instruction manual and the temperature measured at an ambient temperature of 23'℃±3℃ and greater than 80℃ should have a protective device or baffle. The engine radiator water cap should be tightened firmly and reliably, and cooling water that can cause burns to personnel should not flow out under any circumstances. There should be corresponding safety signs and the instruction manual should warn the driver and operator not to open the radiator water cap immediately when the engine is hot. For agricultural transport vehicles equipped with evaporative water-cooled engines, there should be corresponding safety signs to warn the driver and operator to be careful of being injured by cooling water.
5.9 Electrical requirements
5.9.1 Batteries
The batteries should be placed on the ground in a position that is convenient for maintenance. The electrolyte and acid mist of the batteries should be prevented from causing harm to the driver. The non-grounded terminals of the batteries should be protected. The ventilated battery compartment must have openings for ventilation and discharge. When the battery is in the working position, the electrolyte cannot seep onto the components. 5.9.2 Wires
The wiring harness should be tied together where possible, properly supported and fixed, and no part of it should be close to the exhaust system or in contact with metal oil pipes, moving parts and sharp edges. Sharp metal parts that may come into contact with the wires should be rounded or protected, and insulating sleeves should be installed when the wires pass through holes.
5.9.3 Overload protection
Except for the starter motor circuit, all circuits should be equipped with overload protection devices near the battery poles or the non-grounded wires of the starter wires. For two-wire circuits, the over-cut protection device can be installed on any line. 5.10 Beam sound
The noise limit of agricultural transport vehicles shall comply with the provisions of GB18321. 5.11 Exhaust
The position and direction of the exhaust pipe of the engine of agricultural transport vehicles shall be reasonably configured and shall not point to the right side of the vehicle body. The free acceleration exhaust smoke limit of agricultural transport vehicles shall comply with the provisions of GB18322. 6 Determination of safety requirements and measures
6.1 General requirements
Three-wheeled agricultural transport vehicles shall be subject to reliability assessment in accordance with JB/T50096, and four-wheeled agricultural transport vehicles shall be subject to JB/T7736. During the entire test process, if no unreasonable danger occurs during normal operation and maintenance according to the manufacturer's product manual, the project shall be judged to be qualified. 6-2 Driver's working position
6.2.1 The interior space of the cab
Check whether it is qualified by visual inspection.
6.2.2 Seats (positions)
Check by visual inspection and conventional linear dimension measuring tools to see if they are qualified. If the adjacent parts behind the seats have smooth surfaces and there are no edges at the junction of the seats backrest, it is determined that there are no shearing or extrusion areas. 6.2.3 Steering wheel (handlebar)
GB 1B32D—2001
Check by visual inspection and conventional linear dimension measuring tools to see if they are qualified. 6.2.4 Control mechanism
In normal driving operation, sit in the driver's seat and check by visual inspection whether the layout and distribution of each control mechanism are qualified. Check by visual inspection and conventional linear dimension measuring tools to see if other requirements are qualified. 6.2.5 Passages for entering and exiting the cab
Check by visual inspection and conventional linear dimension measuring tools to see if they are qualified. 6.2.6 Doors and windows
6.2.6.1 For 5.2.6.1, check by visual inspection to see if they are qualified. 6.2.6.2 The front and side vision of the driver of the agricultural transport vehicle shall be measured in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 11 of JB/T7235-1994. The rest shall be checked for compliance by daily testing.
6.2.7 Interior materials
The combustion performance of the interior materials of the cab shall be measured in accordance with the provisions of GB 8410. 6.3 Vehicle stability
6.3.1 The rear overhang and wheelbase of the agricultural transport vehicle shall be measured with conventional linear dimension measuring tools, and the ratio of the rear overhang to the wheelbase shall be calculated and determined to be qualified. 6.3.2 The ratio of the steering wheel load mass to the curb mass and the maximum allowable total mass of the three-wheeled agricultural transport vehicle shall be measured in accordance with the provisions of JB/T7237: The ratio of the steering axle load mass to the curb mass and the maximum allowable total mass of the four-wheeled agricultural transport vehicle shall be measured in accordance with the provisions of JB/T7235. 6.3.3 In the unmanned and static state, the maximum roll stability angle of a three-wheeled agricultural transport vehicle tilting to the left and right shall be measured in accordance with the provisions of GB/T16708; the maximum roll stability angle of a four-wheeled agricultural transport vehicle tilting to the left and right shall be measured in accordance with the provisions of GB/T14172. 6.4 Control system
6.4.1 Start switch and throttle control mechanism
Operate the start switch and throttle control mechanism and check visually whether they are qualified. 6.4.2 Steering system
6.4.2-1 For 5.4.2.1, check visually whether they are qualified. 6.4.2.2 The maximum free turning angle of the steering wheel of an agricultural transport vehicle shall be measured in accordance with the provisions of JB/T7237. 6.4.2.3 Check visually whether the steering limiter of an agricultural transport vehicle is qualified. 6.4.2.4 Use an angle measuring device to measure the maximum turning angle of the steering wheel of a two-wheeled agricultural transport vehicle to the left or right relative to the straight-line driving direction. 6.4.2.5 The test method for the lateral side slip of the steering wheel of a four-wheeled agricultural transport vehicle is as follows: a) Align the vehicle with the balance test bench (for a single-board side slip instrument, align one side wheel of the vehicle with the balance board), and keep the steering wheel in the middle position;
b) Make the vehicle move forward steadily along the indicated road velvet on the platform at a speed of 3~~5km/h. During the process of moving, the steering wheel shall not be turned; c) When the steering wheel passes the platform, measure the lateral side slip. 6.4.2.6 Check whether the steering wheel of the agricultural transport vehicle can automatically return to the center after turning. The test method for the understeering characteristics of a four-wheeled agricultural transport vehicle is as follows:
8) On the test site, draw the radius R with a striking color. The base circle is 15 m; b) Fix the nozzle of the water spray device just below the midpoint of the front bumper of the test vehicle and point it to the ground. Its control switch is next to the driver;
c) The driver of the test vehicle fastens his seat belt and starts the car, shifts to the highest gear and drives into the test field. Drive along the drawn base circle at the lowest stable speed, aligning the midpoint of the front bumper with the circumference of the circle and then holds the steering wheel tightly. Then slowly and evenly accelerate the test vehicle until the test vehicle becomes unstable or cannot accelerate any further due to engine power limitation. While accelerating the vehicle under test, immediately turn on the water spray switch to clearly mark the projection trajectory of the midpoint of the front bumper of the agricultural transport vehicle during acceleration on the ground; d) Draw and record the position of the acceleration trajectory (i.e., the water spray mark) left on the ground relative to the base circle; e) The test is carried out in two directions, turning left and turning right: f) The test can also be carried out using a gyroscope in accordance with the method specified in the relevant standards; GB18320—2001
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g) Record the test conditions and test results, and compare them with the test records based on the following criteria (see Figures 1 to 4) to qualitatively determine whether the agricultural transport vehicle under test has appropriate understeering characteristics. YR.
Figure 1 RR
is understeering
Figure 2 R,R.
is neutral steering
Figure 3 R,
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