GB/T 15405-1994 Technical requirements and thermal performance test methods for passive solar houses
Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T1540594
Technical conditions and thermal performance test methods for passive solar housesSpecifications and tes-ting method of thermalperformance for passive solar houses1994-12-30Promulgated
National Technical Supervision
Implementation on 1995-07-01
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Technical conditions and thermal performance test methods for passive solar housesSpecifications and tes-ting method of thermalperformance for passive solar houses1Subject content and scope of application
GB/T15405-—94
This standard specifies the technical requirements, thermal performance test methods, economic analysis methods and inspection rules for passive solar houses. This standard is applicable to passive solar houses in rural and urban areas. 2 Reference standards
GBJ300 Uniform standard for inspection and assessment of construction and installation engineering quality GBJ301 Standard for inspection and assessment of construction engineering quality JGJ24 Code for thermal design of civil buildings
JGJ26 Standard for energy-saving design of civil buildings
3 Terms
3.1 Passive solar room (hereinafter referred to as solar room) is a house that uses solar energy for winter heating without mechanical power and takes certain measures in the building itself. 3.2 Direct benefit type
A heating form in which sunlight passes through light-transmitting materials and directly enters the room. 3.3 Heat-collecting and heat-storing wall type
A heating form in which sunlight passes through light-transmitting materials and irradiates the heat-collecting and heat-storing wall. After the wall absorbs radiation, it transfers heat to the room by convection, conduction, and radiation.
3.4 Additional sunroom type
A heating form in which a glass greenhouse is attached to the south side of the main body of the house. 3.5 Convection loop type
A heating form in which a solar air collector (wall) is set on the south wall and the upper and lower vents of the wall are used for convection circulation. 3.6 Basic temperature
A certain indoor minimum air temperature set according to the heating level of the solar room. This standard is 14℃. 3.7 Black globe temperature
The equivalent temperature for radiation convection heat exchange between the indoor surrounding environment and the human body 3.8 Heating period degree days
The sum of the positive temperature difference (excluding negative temperature difference) between the basic temperature of each day and the outdoor daily average temperature in the main months of the heating period (December, January, and February).
3.9 Comprehensive meteorological factors
The ratio of the cumulative solar radiation on the south vertical surface in the main months of the heating period to the number of degree days in the corresponding period. 3.10 Direct heat storage
Heat storage material that is directly exposed to sunlight. 3.11 Indirect heat storage
Heat storage material that is not directly exposed to sunlight. 3.12 Daily average thermal efficiency of heat collecting (heat storage) wall The ratio of the effective heat entering the room through the heat collecting (heat storage) wall to the cumulative solar radiation vertically irradiating the wall during the same period. 3.13 Net load
Except for solar heat collecting components, during a certain calculation period without taking into account the effect of the sun, the calculated heat consumption to maintain the room temperature of the solar room equal to the base temperature.
3.14 Solar heating guarantee rate
The percentage of solar energy in the net load required for the solar room to maintain the base temperature. 3.15 Comparison room
Ordinary local house with basically the same area and architectural layout as the solar room. 3.16 Energy saving rate of solar room
Compared with the comparison room, the percentage of heating energy saved by the solar room to maintain the same base temperature accounts for the heating energy of the comparison room. 3.17 Auxiliary heat
When the room temperature is lower than the base temperature, the auxiliary heating system provides the room with heat that is not lower than the base temperature. 3.18 Internal heat source heat
Heat generated by people, lighting and non-dedicated heating equipment in the room. 4 Technical requirements
4.1 General requirements for construction
4.1.1 Construction principles
The solar room should be made according to the local conditions, follow the principles of solidity, applicability, economy, and pay attention to the principles of beautiful and elegant architectural shape. 4.1.2 Building form
The plane layout of the solar room should meet the requirements of energy conservation and utilization of solar energy. The architectural shape should be coordinated with the surrounding building groups. At the same time, the relationship between the architectural form, use function and solar heating method must be taken into account. 4.1.3 Building orientation
The plane layout of the solar room is due south. Due to the limitations of the surrounding terrain and usage habits, it is allowed to deviate from the due south within 15°. School buildings and office rooms are generally only allowed to deviate from the east within 15°. 4.1.4 Spacing between buildings
At 12 noon on the local winter solstice, the shadow of the shielding on the south side of the solarium shall not be projected onto the windows of the solarium. 4.1.5 Reconstruction of old houses
When reconstructing old houses into solariums, the requirements of 4.1.1 to 4.1.3 should be met as much as possible. 4.2 Room temperature requirements
4.2.1 Meteorological zoning of solariums
According to the size of the comprehensive meteorological factors that affect the technical conditions of solariums, the areas in my country where solar energy heating can be used are divided into 5 regions. The representative cities in each region and the corresponding nighttime thermal insulation resistance of the south-facing light-transmitting surface of the solarium and the maximum heat transfer coefficient of the external protective structure are shown in Appendix A. 4.2.2 Winter room temperature
4.2.2.1 During the winter heating period of Zones 1 and 2, the average indoor temperature of the main rooms of the solarium should reach 12°C without auxiliary heat sources: the number of hours when the indoor temperature is below 8°C should be less than 20% of the total heating hours. Under the condition of auxiliary heat source, the solar heating guarantee rate when the indoor minimum temperature reaches 14℃ shall not be less than 50%. 4.2.2.2 During the winter heating period of Zones 3 and 4, under the condition of auxiliary heat source, the solar heating guarantee rate when the indoor minimum temperature reaches 14℃ shall not be less than 50%.
4.2.2.3 During the winter heating period of Zone 5, under the condition of auxiliary heat source, the energy saving rate of the solar room when the indoor minimum temperature reaches 14℃ shall not be less than 50%. The solar heating guarantee rate shall not be less than 25%. 4.2.2.4 In the absence of auxiliary heat source, the daily fluctuation range of room temperature in the coldest season of winter heating shall not exceed 10℃. 4.2.3 Summer room temperature
Indoor temperature shall not be higher than that of ordinary houses in the local area. 4.3 Requirements for enclosure structure
4.3.1 External wall
The external wall of the solar room shall be made of heavy materials, such as brick, stone, concrete, soil, etc., and shall be equipped with an insulation layer. Its heat transfer coefficient shall be selected in the order of the representative cities in the region according to the values in the table in Appendix A. Among them, the roof shall adopt a smaller value, and the external wall shall adopt a larger value. The thickness of the insulation layer shall be uniform, and shall not be moldy, deteriorated, damp, or release pollutants. The insulation layer shall be set as close to the outside as possible. 4.3.2 South-facing light-transmitting surface
Nighttime insulation devices shall be installed on the south-facing light-transmitting surface of the solar room. The thermal resistance values in different regions shall be selected in the order in the table in Appendix A. 4.3.3 Ground and foundation
The ground of the solar room shall be equipped with an insulation, heat storage and moisture-proof layer, and the outer edge of the foundation shall be equipped with an insulation layer with a depth of not less than 0.45m and a thermal resistance greater than 0.86m2℃/W.
4.3.4 Heat Collection (Heat Storage) Wall
The light-transmitting material of the solar room heat collection wall and the wall (heat absorbing plate) must be airtight, and the recommended distance is 60-80mm. For heat collection walls with ventilation holes, the area of single-row ventilation holes is recommended to be designed as 70%-100% of the air circulation cross-sectional area of the heat collection wall, and facilities should be provided to prevent heat back circulation and dust from entering the heat collection wall.
4.3.5 Light-transmitting material
The light-transmitting material of the heat collection wall should be glass with a flat surface, uniform thickness, and normal sunlight transmittance greater than 0.76. 4.3.6 Heat-absorbing coating
The heat-absorbing coating of the heat collection wall is required to have strong adhesion, be non-toxic, odorless, non-reflective, non-skinning, non-falling, and strong weather resistance. The normal absorption rate of sunlight is required to be greater than 0.88, and its color is preferably black, blue, brown, and green. 4.3.7 Doors and Windows
The doors and windows of the sun room shall comply with the provisions of GBJ301, and sealing strips must be installed for the gaps between doors and windows. The number of layers of window glass shall be set according to the requirements of Appendix A depending on the region.
4.4 Economic Index Requirements
The additional investment in the sun room shall be controlled within 20% of the normal budget cost of local conventional buildings (excluding special decoration). For severely cold regions, it can be relaxed to within 25%.
4.5 Other Requirements
4.5.1 In order to prevent the indoor temperature from being too high in summer, the sun room should take measures such as projecting eaves, installing sunshades or installing windows on the north wall and greening the environment.
4.5.2 In winter, the outer door of the sun room is required to have thermal insulation curtains or other thermal insulation measures. 4.5.3 In order to ensure the sanitary conditions in the room, the ventilation requirements of the room should be taken into consideration when designing the sun room. 5 Test Conditions
5.1 Test classification and requirements
The thermal performance test of the solar house is divided into two levels, A and B. The content and requirements of each level of test are shown in Appendix B. Generally, level A is suitable for research purposes, and level B is suitable for project acceptance and promotion purposes. 5.2 Test room status
After the test room is built, it will be naturally dried for about half a year before testing. The operating status of the test room is divided into: natural state with no heat source when no one is living; normal living without auxiliary heat source; normal living with auxiliary heat source. In order to determine the actual energy-saving effect, a comparison room should be selected for testing and comparison.
5.3 Long-term continuous test
Long-term continuous test is generally carried out under the condition of normal living, and requires at least one heating period of test data. 5.4 Short-term detailed test
Short-term detailed test is generally carried out under uninhabited conditions, and the test time is required to last for more than two weeks. 6 Test instruments and measurements
6.1 Measurement of cumulative solar radiation
6.1.1 Cumulative solar radiation is measured using a pyranometer (sky pyranometer) and a cumulative pyranometer recorder. 6.1.2 The pyranometer needs to be calibrated within one year of use or compared with a meter of the same level with known accuracy. During the test, the glass cover should be kept clean.
6.1.3 The time constant of the pyranometer should be less than 5s, the nonlinear error should not exceed 1.5%, and the error of the cumulative pyranometer recorder should not exceed 1%.
6.1.4 The plane of the pyranometer receiving solar radiation should be parallel to the collecting surface of the solar room. 6.2 Temperature measurement
6.2.1 Short-term Class A temperature measurement can be measured using thermocouple thermometers, resistance thermometers and mercury thermometers. The thermometer should be calibrated with an error of no more than ±0.2℃.
6.2.2 Long-term A and B-level temperature measurements can also use bimetallic thermometers, but they should be calibrated with a mercury thermometer with an accuracy of 0.2℃ before and after changing the paper.
6.2.3 When measuring indoor temperature, the thermometer should be placed in the center of the room, 1.5m above the ground. The thermometer should be equipped with a well-ventilated aluminum foil protective cover (about 15mm in diameter and 45mm in length). The test interval is shown in Appendix B. Class B long-term monitoring can be recorded once a day at 7:00, 14:00 and 20:00 local time.
6.2.4 When measuring the black ball temperature, a black ball thermometer with a diameter of 150mm and a thermocouple or resistor installed in the center should be used for measurement. The black ball thermometer should be placed in the center of the room, 1.3 to 1.5m above the ground.
6.2.5 When measuring outdoor temperature, the thermometer should be placed within 10m of the solar room being tested and in a louvered box 1.5m from the ground. For long-term monitoring of Class B, the thermometer can also be placed within 10m of the solar room, in a well-ventilated place without sunlight and heat source. The test time is synchronized with the indoor temperature. 6.2.6 The air temperature of the upper and lower vents on the collector wall is measured with a thermocouple. The cross-sectional area of each vent is divided into 6 to 9 points, and the temperature values of each point are averaged. To eliminate the influence of sunlight, the thermocouple probe should be painted white. 6.2.7 The surface temperature of the solar room wall, ground, roof and other enclosure structures and the collector and heat storage body is measured with a thermocouple or other small temperature sensor. The sensor should be close to the surface or buried in the surface, and the surface state should be consistent with the measured surface as much as possible. 6.2.8 The temperature of the window glass or other transparent cover layer is measured with a thermocouple with a wire diameter not greater than 0.2mm, and it should be tightly attached with transparent tape to maintain the in-situ measurement state.
6.3 Measurement of heat flux density
6.3.1 The heat flux density through the solar room wall, ground, roof and other heat collection and storage bodies is measured by a temperature difference thermopile type heat flux sheet. The heat flux sheet should be placed inside the measured wall or close to the measured surface. In order to eliminate the influence of sunlight, the surface of the heat flux sheet should be painted the same color as the measured surface. 6.3.2 The thermal resistance of the heat flux sheet itself should be less than 0.02m~C/W, and the error should not exceed 5%. 6.4 Measurement of wind speed
6.4.1 The outdoor wind speed can be measured by a cup anemometer or other anemometer with an error of less than 0.5m/s. The anemometer should be located within 10m of the measured solar room.
6.4.2 The air flow rate of the upper and lower ventilation holes on the solar collector wall can be measured by a hot ball anemometer with an error of less than 0.1m/s. Each cross-sectional area is divided into 6 to 9 points, and the wind speed values of each point are taken and averaged.
6.5 Measurement of auxiliary heat
6.5.1 For Class A test, the electric heating power consumption can be measured by an electric meter. 6.5.2 For Class B short-term detailed test, the calorific value of coal and the thermal efficiency of coal stove heating and daily coal consumption can be measured at one time for calculation. 6.5.3 For Class B long-term monitoring, after the calorific value of fuel and the thermal efficiency of stove are measured, only the monthly fuel consumption is generally calculated. 7 Data processing
7.1 Thermal resistance of enclosure structure
The thermal resistance of enclosure structure of conventional materials can be calculated by referring to the manual. The thermal resistance of new materials and new structures is calculated according to formula (1) in short-term detailed test. It is required to measure continuously for more than one week and average the heat flow measurement points at at least three different locations. R=（Tbi-Tbo）/Qb
Wherein: R——thermal resistance of the enclosure structure, m2℃/W; Tbi——inner surface temperature of the enclosure structure, ℃; Tho
——outer surface temperature of the enclosure structure, ℃;
Qb——heat flux density of the enclosure structure, W/m2. 7.2 Daily average thermal efficiency of the collector (heat storage) wall The daily average thermal efficiency of the collector (heat storage) wall should be measured for more than one week in a row, and the average value shall be taken after calculation according to formula (2): ne=Qu/（Htv·Aw）=（Qcod+Qcov）/（Hty·Aw）Wherein: n. —Daily average thermal efficiency of the solar wall, %; Qu——Effective heat supplied to the room, kJ/d; Htv——Accumulated solar radiation on the outer surface of the solar wall, kJ/m2·d; Aw
Surface area of the solar wall (including glass frame), m2; Qcod
Heat entering the room through the solar wall (heat flow inward is positive, heat flow outward is negative), kJ/d; Heat entering the room through the ventilation holes, kJ/d. 7.3 Solar heating guarantee rate
Solar heating guarantee rate is calculated according to formula (3). SHF=1-(Q+Qin)/Q
Where: SHF
8 Inspection rules
—Solar heating guarantee rate, %;
Auxiliary heat required for solar room during heating period, kJ Internal heat source heat, kJ:
Net load of solar room, kJ.
(2)
(3)
8.1 After the completion of the solarium building, it must be accepted and qualified before it can be put into use. 8.2 The quality inspection of the solarium construction and installation project shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of GBI300 and GBI301. 8.3 The percentage of the additional investment in the solarium to the initial investment shall comply with the provisions of Article 4.4. The economic analysis method of the solarium is shown in Appendix C. 8.4 The overall inspection of the solarium shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Articles 4.1, 4.3 and 4.5. 8.5 The thermal performance test of the solarium shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Chapters 5 and 6, and the results shall comply with the requirements of Article 4.2. 8.6 The thermal performance test of the solarium shall be provided by the testing unit with a formal test report. The test report format is shown in Appendix D Appendix A
Meteorological zoning of solarium and thermal indicators representing cities and enclosure structures (supplement)
Comprehensive meteorological factor
kJ/ (m·d.℃
Representative cities
(in order of index size)
Xinxiang, Hebi, Kaifeng, Jinan, Beijing, Zhengzhou, Shijiazhuang, Luoyang, Baoding, Hankou, Tianjin, Weifang, Anyang
Dalian, Xining, Yinchuan, Qingdao, Taiyuan, Hotan, Hami, Qiemo, Yan'an, Lanzhou, Yulin, Qinhuangdao, Yangquan, Baotou, Xi'an
Yumen , Jiuquan, Baoji, Xianyang, Zhangjiakou, Hohhot, Kashgar, Yining
Fushun, Urumqi, Tonghua, Xilinhot, Shenyang, Changchun, Jixi
Jilin, Harbin, Qiqihar, Jiamusi, Hegang, Hailar
Appendix B
Test content and requirements of solar room
(supplement)
Night insulation thermal resistance of south-facing light-transmitting surface (m 2. ℃/W) Maximum heat transfer coefficient of the external protective structure W/(m2.℃) Double glass 0.172/0.25~0.3
Single glass
Single glass
Double glass
Double glass
Double glass
Double glass
Double glass
Double glass
Double glass
Double glass
Double glass||tt ||Table B1 Climate parameter test content and requirements
0.43/0.35~0.45
0.86/0.45~0.5
0.43/0.25~0.35
0.86/0.45~0.55
0.43/0.25
0.86/0.28
0.86/0.25
Test items
Outdoor temperature T
Cumulative solar radiation
Environmental wind speed
Environmental wind direction
Outdoor temperature, Ta
Cumulative solar radiation
Test items
Indoor temperature Tr
Globe temperature Tg
Direct heat storage body temperature T
Indirect heat storage body temperature
-30～40| |tt||0～25000kJ/m2
0~25m/s
0~360℃
-30~40℃
0~25000kJ/m2
Heat flux density of enclosure structure Qb
Auxiliary heat
Heat of internal heat source
Insulation window opening and closing time
Indoor temperature Tr
Direct heat storage body temperature T1
Short Short-term detailed measurement interval, h
Direct benefit solar room test content and requirements range
0~40℃
0~40℃
0~50℃
0~50℃
0~100W/m2
0~40℃
0～50℃
Short-term detailed measurement interval, h
According to actual records
Long-term monitoring interval
Daily average Average
Daily cumulative
Daily average
Get data from nearby meteorological stations
Long-term monitoring interval
Daily average
Daily average
Indirect heat storage body temperature
Heat flux density of enclosure structure Qp
Auxiliary heat
Heat from internal heat source
Insulation window opening and closing time
0～50℃
0~10 0W/m2
According to actual records
Test contents and requirements of solar house with heat collection and storage wall (convection loop)
Indoor air temperature Tr
Black ball temperature Tg
Thermal collection wall temperature T1
Indirect heat storage body temperature T2
Upper and lower ventilation hole air temperature Tu·Ta
Upper and lower ventilation hole wind speed
Vu·Va
Thermal collection wall heat flux density| |tt||Heat flux density of enclosure structure
Auxiliary heat
Heat of internal heat source
0~40℃
0~60℃
0~40℃
0~60℃
0~50m/s
0~100W/m2
0~100W/m2
Short-term detailed measurement interval, h
Long-term monitoring interval
Daily average
Daily average
Vent opening and closing time t
Indoor temperature Tr
Thermal wall temperature T
Upper and lower ventilating hole temperature
Upper and lower ventilating hole wind speed vu·Va
Thermal wall heat flux density Qw
Auxiliary heat
Internal heat source heat
Ventilation opening and closing time t
0~40℃
0~ 60℃
0～60℃
0~5m/s
0~100W/m2
According to actual records
According to actual records
Table B4 Additional test contents and requirements of sunroom type solariumTest items
Indoor air temperature T
Black globe temperature Tg
Heat storage wall temperature T1
Indirect heat storage body temperature T2
Same temperature T in sunroom.
0~40℃
0~60℃
0~40℃
0～60℃
Short-term detailed measurement interval, h
Daily average
Long-term monitoring interval
Daily average
Daily average
Daily average
Thermal flux density of thermal storage wall Qw
Thermal flux density of enclosure structure Q
Auxiliary heat Quantity
Heat of internal heat source Qin
Insulation window opening and closing time
Indoor air temperature
Thermal storage wall temperature T
Sunroom temperature
Thermal storage wall heat flux density Qw
Auxiliary heat
Quantity Qin
Heat of internal heat source
Insulation window opening and closing time
C1The energy saving rate of the solar room is calculated according to formula (C1). 0~100W/m2
0~100W/m2
0～40℃
0~60℃
0～60℃
0~100W/m2
Appendix C
Economic analysis method of solar house
(Supplement)
ESF=1-Q./Q
According to actual records
According to actual recordswwW.bzxz.Net
Daily average/Q
According to actual records
According to actual records
Daily average/Q
According to actual records
According to actual records
Daily average
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