GBZ 71-2002 Diagnostic criteria for occupational acute chemical poisoning (general principles)
Some standard content:
ICS 13.100
National Occupational Health Standard of the People's Republic of China GBZ71-2002
Diagnostic Criteria of Occupational Acute Chemical Poisoning (General Rules) Issued on April 8, 2002
Implementation on June 1, 2002
Issued by the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China
Clause 6.1 of this standard is recommended, and the rest are mandatory. This standard is formulated in accordance with the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law of the People's Republic of China. From the date of implementation of this standard, if the original standard GB16852.1
1997 is inconsistent with this standard, this standard shall prevail. The various rules specified in this series of standards involve the diagnosis of occupational acute chemical poisoning. These rules are used to ensure the unity of the diagnostic system of occupational acute chemical poisoning. Regardless of whether the cause is known or hidden, and regardless of which target organ is damaged after poisoning, the diagnosis can be made according to the rules specified in this standard. Under the general title of "Diagnostic Standards for Occupational Acute Chemical Poisoning", it includes the following 10 parts: The scope defined in each part will be explained in the foreword and introduction of each part. Part 1: Diagnosis of occupational acute chemical poisoning (general principles); Part 2: Diagnosis rules for occupational acute hidden chemical poisoning: Part 3: Diagnostic criteria for occupational acute toxic multiple organ dysfunction syndrome; Part 4: Diagnostic criteria for occupational acute chemical sudden death; Part 5: Diagnostic criteria for occupational acute toxic nervous system diseases; Part 6: Diagnostic criteria for occupational acute toxic respiratory diseases; Part 7: Diagnostic criteria for occupational acute toxic liver diseases; Part 8: Diagnostic criteria for occupational acute toxic kidney diseases; Part 9: Diagnostic criteria for occupational acute toxic heart diseases; Part 10: Diagnostic criteria for occupational acute toxic blood system diseases. Appendix A of this standard is an informative appendix.
This standard is proposed and managed by the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China. This standard was drafted by Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital and the Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention: Shanghai Chemical Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Institute, Shanghai Institute of Labor Hygiene and Occupational Disease Prevention and Control, and the Standards Division of the Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine participated in the drafting.
This standard is interpreted by the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China. Diagnosis of occupational acute chemical poisoning (general principles) GBZ71-2002
Occupational acute chemical poisoning refers to poisoning caused by workers absorbing large doses of occupational chemicals in a short period of time during their occupational activities.
1 Scope
This standard specifies the general principles for the diagnosis of occupational acute chemical poisoning. This standard applies to the diagnosis and treatment of acute poisoning caused by exposure to occupational poisons in occupational activities. The diagnosis of acute poisoning caused by hand-held general poisons in non-occupational activities can also refer to this standard. 2 Normative references
The clauses in the following documents become clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For all dated references, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, the parties to the agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For all undated references, the latest versions are applicable to this standard.
GB/T16180
3 Diagnostic principles
Identification of the degree of disability caused by work-related injuries and occupational diseases Diagnostic rules for occupational acute latent chemical poisoning Based on a clear occupational history, including the type of occupational poisons, the method of contact, and the reasons for the large-scale absorption in a short period of time, and the corresponding clinical manifestations of acute poisoning, and excluding similar diseases caused by other reasons, the diagnosis can be made.
4 Observation subjects
After being exposed to a large dose of poisons in a short period of time, or being exposed to poisons with a long pathogenic incubation period, although there are no obvious clinical manifestations at the time, or only mild symptoms and acute poisoning cannot be diagnosed, further medical monitoring is required and listed as observation subjects. 5 Diagnosis and classification standards
5.1 Mild poisoning
Those with clinical manifestations of mild poisoning damage to the corresponding target organs (systems) caused by exposure to poisons 5.2 Moderate poisoning
Those whose poisoning severity is between mild and severe poisoning. 5.3 Severe poisoning: If any of the following conditions occur, it can be diagnosed as severe poisoning. a) Those who have corresponding target organ (system) failure caused by absorption of poisons; b) Those who have multiple organ (system) function damage caused by absorption of poisons; c) Those who have severe sequelae of acute poisoning. 6 Treatment principles
6.1 On-site rescue
a) Rescue the scene and go to a safe area:
b) Take emergency measures to maintain vital signs: c) Eye contamination should be promptly and fully rinsed with clean water: Take off contaminated clothes and immediately rinse the contaminated skin thoroughly with plenty of clean water; d)
e) After emergency treatment, send to hospital immediately, continue to do necessary rescue on the way, and record the condition. 2 Etiological treatment
Prevent the continued absorption of poisons:
Eliminate the absorbed poisons or their metabolites in the body, such as the use of metal chelators, blood purification therapy, etc.; b)
Specific antidotes:
3 Symptomatic treatment
Target the pathological and physiological changes caused by poisons, reverse their toxic effects, and achieve the purpose of detoxification to eliminate or reduce the pathological changes caused by the damage of the main systems (organs) by poisons; a)
b) The use of non-specific antagonists;
Maintain the balance of the body's internal environment:
Relieve the pain of patients.
6.4 Supportive treatment
Improve the body's resistance to diseases;
b) Psychological treatment;
Rehabilitation treatment.
6.5 Preventive treatment
|Prevent various possible lesions:
Properly handle treatment contradictions.
6.6 Others
a) Traditional Chinese medicine;
b) Good nursing.
Instructions for the correct use of this standard
See Appendix A (Informative Appendix).
A.1 Scope of application of this standard
Appendix A
(Informative Appendix)
Instructions for the correct use of this standard
The essential content of this standard is the diagnostic principles of acute occupational poisoning, which is applicable to the diagnosis, classification and treatment of acute poisoning caused by various occupational poisons. It is more appropriate for poisoning by poisons for which no diagnostic criteria have been established. The clinical manifestations and treatment of subacute poisoning are basically the same as those of acute poisoning, so it belongs to the category of acute poisoning. The contact time between the two is different, but it is difficult to use a specific time to divide the boundary, so subacute poisoning is not listed separately in this standard. If the national diagnostic standard and treatment principle for occupational acute poisoning of a chemical has been promulgated, the clinical application shall be based on the standard. If necessary, the relevant items in this standard can be used as a reference. This standard can be used as a reference for non-occupational acute poisoning. A.2 Diagnostic principles of this standard
Based on the toxicity of the poisoning species and the principle of dose-effect relationship, combined with three main indicators such as contact and onset time factors, a comprehensive analysis is conducted to clarify the causal relationship between the cause (poison) and the disease (acute poisoning) as the main basis for diagnosis.
Cause: Based on occupational history, on-site labor hygiene survey, biological material testing, etc., clarify the type of poison, on-site conditions, invasion route, estimated dose absorbed, etc.; if more than one poison or other hazardous factors are exposed at the same time, the impact of the combined effect should be considered.
Disease: From clinical manifestations, auxiliary examinations, etc., clarify the nature and severity of the disease. Based on the information on the cause and disease, a comprehensive analysis is conducted to draw a preliminary opinion and make a differential diagnosis. The key points are: a) whether the time of absorbing the poison and the onset of the disease conform to the pathogenesis of acute poisoning by the poison; b) whether the toxic effect of the poison is consistent with the clinical manifestation of the patient; c) whether the estimated absorbed dose is basically consistent with the severity of the disease. In the comprehensive analysis, various other factors that affect the clinical manifestations of acute poisoning should be considered, such as the patient's gender, age, health and nutritional status, allergic constitution, etc. Attention should also be paid to the situation that the poison contains impurities or that under certain conditions, chemical reactions occur when contacting the poison to produce another poison. In some cases, the type of causative agent is not clear enough, or there is a lack of information on the toxic effect. If necessary, on-site simulation tests or toxicological tests can be performed to provide a basis for diagnosis. The deceased should strive to do a home autopsy as much as possible to obtain a pathological diagnosis, which will help improve the quality of rescue work in the future. During the autopsy, the content of the poison in the main organs should be measured as much as possible. A.3 Grading standard
A.3.1 The grading standard for acute occupational poisoning is divided according to the severity of the poisoning, which is of reference significance for graded rescue, guiding treatment and labor capacity assessment, and evaluating the harmfulness of this accident. A.3.2According to the clinical manifestations of acute occupational poisoning, with reference to the toxicity of the causative agent, it can be divided into three levels, two levels or no level. A.3.3 Mild acute poisoning is the starting point for the diagnosis of acute poisoning. Since this standard covers a wide range, it is impossible to propose specific diagnostic indicators. When applied, it can be determined according to the specific clinical situation, or it can refer to the relevant sub-standards of this standard. A.3.4 If the clinical manifestations do not reach the diagnostic starting point, it can be diagnosed as inhalation reaction, irritation reaction, etc. according to the situation. A.3.5 In the initial stage of rescue, a preliminary graded diagnosis can be made based on the patient's main clinical manifestations at the time and the possible progression of the disease, so as to facilitate emergency treatment. In the emergency rescue of multiple people with acute poisoning, graded treatment is an important organizational and medical measure.
A.3.6 The final diagnosis of acute occupational poisoning (including graded diagnosis) should be assessed when the patient's medical treatment comes to an end, when discharged from the hospital or after death.
A.3.7 The naming of the diagnosis: it should include the nature, type, severity, and pathogenic chemical species of the poisoning. The damage and severity of the main target organs, complications, sequelae, etc. should also be included. A.4 On-site rescue
On-site rescue is the first important link in the rescue work. Good on-site rescue can buy time for further treatment and create good conditions. To ensure proper, rapid, effective and successful on-site rescue, the key is that the rescuer has emergency response capabilities, has received qualified training, and has the necessary equipment, so routine preparation is very important. In the event of acute poisoning of multiple people, a temporary rescue command organization should be established to control the on-site environment and chaotic conditions in a short period of time, maintain order, and urgently and properly handle critically ill patients, general patients and contacts. Transfer
Critically afflicted patients for emergency treatment
General patients and preliminary examination and
close contacts for necessary treatment
Emergency room, emergency department, further diagnosis and treatment
Emergency room, emergency department, further diagnosis and treatment to an intensive care unit
a ward
self-care
local medical institution
Observation and treatment
Observation room
non-professional
Go home for follow-up after treatment
realistic, in the hospital, the cup of
on the scene
Team Xie Gu Kuai, Meiguo Zhou quantitative car horse only Shi Guotang This graded treatment has its own focus and characteristics, and can be closely linked to each other, and adjusted in time to maximize the limited manpower and material resources.
A.5 Etiological treatment
Etiological treatment is the main measure to remove the cause of the disease during rescue; A.5.1 Preventing the absorption of poisons: various measures are adopted according to the situation to remove the poisons that have not been absorbed or prevent the poisons from continuing to be absorbed. Although some of these measures are relatively simple, early removal is more effective than taking detoxification, special drugs or other treatments after the poisons are absorbed into the body and have a toxic effect. It causes less damage to the body and requires less manpower and material resources. Therefore, it must not be ignored because it is a general rescue routine and should be implemented seriously as soon as possible. A.5.2 Eliminating the poisons and their metabolites that have been absorbed in the body: a) Reasonable application of metal chelators;
b) Blood purification therapy: its instruments and methods are constantly updated and progress is very fast. According to the type and characteristics of the poison, appropriate methods can be selected and applied early.
A.5.3 Special antidotes: apply as soon as possible if there is an indication. A.6 Symptomatic treatment
Take preventive and therapeutic measures for the damage caused by the poison. Regardless of whether there is a specific antidote, symptomatic treatment plays a very important role in rescue.
A.6.1 Eliminate or reduce the poisoning lesions of the main systems or organs, such as cerebral edema, pulmonary edema, or liver and kidney damage, so as to control the deterioration of the lesions and promote the improvement of the condition.
A.6.2 Non-specific antagonistic drugs refer to glucocorticoids, drugs containing sulphuric groups and anti-free radical drugs. These drugs have a certain antagonistic effect on the damage caused by many poisons, but they are not specific. They can be used reasonably according to the specific situation. A.6.3 Maintain the balance of the body's internal environment: In acute poisoning, maintaining water, electrolyte, acid-base balance, preventing and promptly correcting hypoxia are all very important treatment measures to create a better environment and promote the recovery of damaged organs. A.7 Supportive treatment
Supportive treatment is to improve the body's resistance through various measures. Acute poisoning often causes great mental shock, psychological stimulation and trauma to patients, and may also produce various mental pressures, which bring unfavorable factors to treatment. Therefore, psychological treatment should be done well to reduce their mental pressure, enhance their confidence in overcoming the disease, fully cooperate with medical measures, and turn unfavorable factors into favorable factors. This is very important when multiple people are poisoned. At the same time, ideological work should be done well for family members so that they can cooperate and collaborate throughout the entire course of the disease. Ideological work for family members of critically ill and comatose patients is particularly important. These tasks require the joint cooperation of relevant departments and organizations of the hospital to proceed smoothly. A.8 Preventive treatment
Preventive treatment is based on the characteristics of the toxic effects of the poisoning species, combined with clinical manifestations, etc., to analyze the possible changes in the condition, take targeted measures to prevent its occurrence or reduce its severity, and prevent the formation of a vicious cycle. If there is a contradiction in treatment, analyze the pros and cons of various treatment measures according to the objective condition and deal with them properly. Reasonable preventive treatment can play a great role in controlling the development of the disease, and it should be combined with the condition. A.9 Other treatments
Traditional Chinese medicine can play a great role in the treatment of acute poisoning. In addition to some drugs such as Danshen and Junzhihuang, which have been used, other drugs can be implemented according to the principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment. Nursing work is very important in the whole rescue process. In some cases, it is the key to the success of rescue. Various measures should be taken to ensure the quality of nursing work.
A.10 General treatment principles
The human body is an organic whole. Although the lesions of a certain system or organ are more prominent in acute poisoning, they are all systemic diseases; the lesions of various systems and organs must also affect each other. Therefore, in the whole course of the disease, the treatment must be guided by the overall view. The treatment plan should be formulated according to the clinical manifestations and various examinations, and decisions should not be made based on the results of a single examination. Etiology, symptomatic, supportive and preventive treatments are all interrelated and inseparable. The clinical thinking of diagnosis and treatment should be principled and analyzed in combination with specific circumstances to be practical. For patients with severe poisoning, if conditions permit, they should be admitted to the intensive care unit as much as possible to create better conditions for strengthening observation and timely rescue. Monitoring indicators can be determined according to specific circumstances. A.11 Assessment of labor capacity
Assessment of labor capacity is to assess the labor capacity of the patient based on the patient's health recovery, and make reasonable arrangements for the nature, intensity and working hours of future work.
In addition to the above principles, its specific content can refer to GB/T16180 formulated by the Ministry of Labor and the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China.
Requirements for health examination
The requirements, methods and specific items of health examination can be determined according to the type of toxicants. Health examination should be strictly implemented in accordance with the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law and relevant laws and regulations promulgated by my country. General occupational contraindication certificate
Occupational contraindications for different toxicants should be specifically formulated according to the different properties of each toxicant.4 On-site rescue
On-site rescue is the first important link in rescue work. Good on-site rescue can buy time for further treatment and create good conditions. To ensure proper, rapid, effective and successful on-site rescue, the key is that the rescuer has emergency response capabilities, has received qualified training, and has the necessary equipment, so routine preparation is very important. In the event of multiple acute poisoning, a temporary rescue command organization should be established to control the on-site environment and chaotic conditions in a short period of time, maintain order, and urgently and properly handle critically ill patients, general patients and contacts. Transfer
Critically afflicted patients for emergency treatment
General patients and preliminary examination and
close contacts for necessary treatment
Emergency room, emergency department, further diagnosis and treatment
Emergency room, emergency department, further diagnosis and treatment to an intensive care unit
a ward
self-care
local medical institution
Observation and treatment
Observation room
non-professional
Go home for follow-up after treatment
realistic, in the hospital, the cup of
on the scene
Team Xie Gu Kuai, Meiguo Zhou quantitative car horse only Shi Guotang This graded treatment has its own focus and characteristics, and can be closely linked to each other, and adjusted in time to maximize the limited manpower and material resources.
A.5 Etiological treatment
Etiological treatment is the main measure to remove the cause of the disease during rescue; A.5.1 Preventing the absorption of poisons: various measures are adopted according to the situation to remove the poisons that have not been absorbed or prevent the poisons from continuing to be absorbed. Although some of these measures are relatively simple, early removal is more effective than taking detoxification, special drugs or other treatments after the poisons are absorbed into the body and have a toxic effect. It causes less damage to the body and requires less manpower and material resources. Therefore, it must not be ignored because it is a general rescue routine and should be implemented seriously as soon as possible. A.5.2 Eliminating the poisons and their metabolites that have been absorbed in the body: a) Reasonable application of metal chelators;
b) Blood purification therapy: its instruments and methods are constantly updated and progress is very fast. According to the type and characteristics of the poison, appropriate methods can be selected and applied early.
A.5.3 Special antidotes: apply as soon as possible if there is an indication. A.6 Symptomatic treatment
Take preventive and therapeutic measures for the damage caused by the poison. Regardless of whether there is a specific antidote, symptomatic treatment plays a very important role in rescue.
A.6.1 Eliminate or reduce the poisoning lesions of the main systems or organs, such as cerebral edema, pulmonary edema, or liver and kidney damage, so as to control the deterioration of the lesions and promote the improvement of the condition.
A.6.2 Non-specific antagonistic drugs refer to glucocorticoids, drugs containing sulphuric groups and anti-free radical drugs. These drugs have a certain antagonistic effect on the damage caused by many poisons, but they are not specific. They can be used reasonably according to the specific situation. A.6.3 Maintain the balance of the body's internal environment: In acute poisoning, maintaining water, electrolyte, acid-base balance, preventing and promptly correcting hypoxia are all very important treatment measures to create a better environment and promote the recovery of damaged organs. A.7 Supportive treatment
Supportive treatment is to improve the body's resistance through various measures. Acute poisoning often causes great mental shock, psychological stimulation and trauma to patients, and may also produce various mental pressures, which bring unfavorable factors to treatment. Therefore, psychological treatment should be done well to reduce their mental pressure, enhance their confidence in overcoming the disease, fully cooperate with medical measures, and turn unfavorable factors into favorable factors. This is very important when multiple people are poisoned. At the same time, ideological work should be done well for family members so that they can cooperate and collaborate throughout the entire course of the disease. Ideological work for family members of critically ill and comatose patients is particularly important. These tasks require the joint cooperation of relevant departments and organizations of the hospital to proceed smoothly. A.8 Preventive treatment
Preventive treatment is based on the characteristics of the toxic effects of the poisoning species, combined with clinical manifestations, etc., to analyze the possible changes in the condition, take targeted measures to prevent its occurrence or reduce its severity, and prevent the formation of a vicious cycle. If there is a contradiction in treatment, analyze the pros and cons of various treatment measures according to the objective condition and deal with them properly. Reasonable preventive treatment can play a great role in controlling the development of the disease, and it should be combined with the condition. A.9 Other treatments
Traditional Chinese medicine can play a great role in the treatment of acute poisoning. In addition to some drugs such as Danshen and Junzhihuang, which have been used, other drugs can be implemented according to the principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment. Nursing work is very important in the whole rescue process. In some cases, it is the key to the success of rescue. Various measures should be taken to ensure the quality of nursing work.
A.10 General treatment principles
The human body is an organic whole. Although the lesions of a certain system or organ are more prominent in acute poisoning, they are all systemic diseases; the lesions of various systems and organs must also affect each other. Therefore, in the whole course of the disease, the treatment must be guided by the overall view. The treatment plan should be formulated according to the clinical manifestations and various examinations, and decisions should not be made based on the results of a single examination. Etiology, symptomatic, supportive and preventive treatments are all interrelated and inseparable. The clinical thinking of diagnosis and treatment should be principled and analyzed in combination with specific circumstances to be practical. For patients with severe poisoning, if conditions permit, they should be admitted to the intensive care unit as much as possible to create better conditions for strengthening observation and timely rescue. Monitoring indicators can be determined according to specific circumstances. A.11 Assessment of labor capacity
Assessment of labor capacity is to assess the labor capacity of the patient based on the patient's health recovery, and make reasonable arrangements for the nature, intensity and working hours of future work.
In addition to the above principles, its specific content can refer to GB/T16180 formulated by the Ministry of Labor and the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China.
Requirements for health examination
The requirements, methods and specific items of health examination can be determined according to the type of toxicants. Health examination should be strictly implemented in accordance with the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law and relevant laws and regulations promulgated by my country. General occupational contraindication certificate
Occupational contraindications for different toxicants should be specifically formulated according to the different properties of each toxicant.4 On-site rescue
On-site rescue is the first important link in rescue work. Good on-site rescue can buy time for further treatment and create good conditions. To ensure proper, rapid, effective and successful on-site rescue, the key is that the rescuer has emergency response capabilities, has received qualified training, and has the necessary equipment, so routine preparation is very important. In the event of multiple acute poisoning, a temporary rescue command organization should be established to control the on-site environment and chaotic conditions in a short period of time, maintain order, and urgently and properly handle critically ill patients, general patients and contacts. Transfer
Critically afflicted patients for emergency treatment
General patients and preliminary examination and
close contacts for necessary treatment
Emergency room, emergency department, further diagnosis and treatment
Emergency room, emergency department, further diagnosis and treatment to an intensive care unit
a ward
self-care
local medical institutionwwW.bzxz.Net
Observation and treatment
Observation room
non-professional
Go home for follow-up after treatment
realistic, in the hospital, the cup of
on the scene
Team Xie Gu Kuai, Meiguo Zhou quantitative car horse only Shi Guotang This graded treatment has its own focus and characteristics, and can be closely linked to each other, and adjusted in time to maximize the limited manpower and material resources.
A.5 Etiological treatment
Etiological treatment is the main measure to remove the cause of the disease during rescue; A.5.1 Preventing the absorption of poisons: various measures are adopted according to the situation to remove the poisons that have not been absorbed or prevent the poisons from continuing to be absorbed. Although some of these measures are relatively simple, early removal is more effective than taking detoxification, special drugs or other treatments after the poisons are absorbed into the body and have a toxic effect. It causes less damage to the body and requires less manpower and material resources. Therefore, it must not be ignored because it is a general rescue routine and should be implemented seriously as soon as possible. A.5.2 Eliminating the poisons and their metabolites that have been absorbed in the body: a) Reasonable application of metal chelators;
b) Blood purification therapy: its instruments and methods are constantly updated and progress is very fast. According to the type and characteristics of the poison, appropriate methods can be selected and applied early.
A.5.3 Special antidotes: apply as soon as possible if there is an indication. A.6 Symptomatic treatment
Take preventive and therapeutic measures for the damage caused by the poison. Regardless of whether there is a specific antidote, symptomatic treatment plays a very important role in rescue.
A.6.1 Eliminate or reduce the poisoning lesions of the main systems or organs, such as cerebral edema, pulmonary edema, or liver and kidney damage, so as to control the deterioration of the lesions and promote the improvement of the condition.
A.6.2 Non-specific antagonistic drugs refer to glucocorticoids, drugs containing sulphuric groups and anti-free radical drugs. These drugs have a certain antagonistic effect on the damage caused by many poisons, but they are not specific. They can be used reasonably according to the specific situation. A.6.3 Maintain the balance of the body's internal environment: In acute poisoning, maintaining water, electrolyte, acid-base balance, preventing and promptly correcting hypoxia are all very important treatment measures to create a better environment and promote the recovery of damaged organs. A.7 Supportive treatment
Supportive treatment is to improve the body's resistance through various measures. Acute poisoning often causes great mental shock, psychological stimulation and trauma to patients, and may also produce various mental pressures, which bring unfavorable factors to treatment. Therefore, psychological treatment should be done well to reduce their mental pressure, enhance their confidence in overcoming the disease, fully cooperate with medical measures, and turn unfavorable factors into favorable factors. This is very important when multiple people are poisoned. At the same time, ideological work should be done well for family members so that they can cooperate and collaborate throughout the entire course of the disease. Ideological work for family members of critically ill and comatose patients is particularly important. These tasks require the joint cooperation of relevant departments and organizations of the hospital to proceed smoothly. A.8 Preventive treatment
Preventive treatment is based on the characteristics of the toxic effects of the poisoning species, combined with clinical manifestations, etc., to analyze the possible changes in the condition, take targeted measures to prevent its occurrence or reduce its severity, and prevent the formation of a vicious cycle. If there is a contradiction in treatment, analyze the pros and cons of various treatment measures according to the objective condition and deal with them properly. Reasonable preventive treatment can play a great role in controlling the development of the disease, and it should be combined with the condition. A.9 Other treatments
Traditional Chinese medicine can play a great role in the treatment of acute poisoning. In addition to some drugs such as Danshen and Junzhihuang, which have been used, other drugs can be implemented according to the principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment. Nursing work is very important in the whole rescue process. In some cases, it is the key to the success of rescue. Various measures should be taken to ensure the quality of nursing work.
A.10 General treatment principles
The human body is an organic whole. Although the lesions of a certain system or organ are more prominent in acute poisoning, they are all systemic diseases; the lesions of various systems and organs must also affect each other. Therefore, in the whole course of the disease, the treatment must be guided by the overall view. The treatment plan should be formulated according to the clinical manifestations and various examinations, and decisions should not be made based on the results of a single examination. Etiology, symptomatic, supportive and preventive treatments are all interrelated and inseparable. The clinical thinking of diagnosis and treatment should be principled and analyzed in combination with specific circumstances to be practical. For patients with severe poisoning, if conditions permit, they should be admitted to the intensive care unit as much as possible to create better conditions for strengthening observation and timely rescue. Monitoring indicators can be determined according to specific circumstances. A.11 Assessment of labor capacity
Assessment of labor capacity is to assess the labor capacity of the patient based on the patient's health recovery, and make reasonable arrangements for the nature, intensity and working hours of future work.
In addition to the above principles, its specific content can refer to GB/T16180 formulated by the Ministry of Labor and the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China.
Requirements for health examination
The requirements, methods and specific items of health examination can be determined according to the type of toxicants. Health examination should be strictly implemented in accordance with the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law and relevant laws and regulations promulgated by my country. General occupational contraindication certificate
Occupational contraindications for different toxicants should be specifically formulated according to the different properties of each toxicant.8 Preventive treatment
Preventive treatment is to analyze the characteristics of the toxic effects of the poisoning species in combination with clinical manifestations, foresee possible changes in the condition, take targeted measures to prevent its occurrence or reduce its severity, and prevent the formation of a vicious cycle. If there is a contradiction in treatment, analyze the pros and cons of various treatment measures according to the objective condition and handle them properly. Reasonable preventive treatment can play a great role in controlling the development of the disease, and it should be combined with the condition. A.9 Other treatments
Traditional Chinese medicine can play a great role in the treatment of acute poisoning. In addition to some drugs such as Danshen and Junzhihuang, which have been used, others can be implemented according to the principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment. Nursing work is very important in the entire rescue process. In some cases, it is the key to the success or failure of rescue. Various measures should be taken to ensure the quality of nursing work.
A.10 General treatment principles
The human body is an organic whole. Although the lesions of a certain system or organ are more prominent in acute poisoning, they are all systemic diseases; the lesions of various systems and organs must also affect each other. Therefore, throughout the course of the disease, the treatment must be guided by the overall view. The treatment plan should be formulated based on the clinical manifestations and various examinations, and decisions should not be made based on the results of a single examination. Etiology, symptomatic, supportive and preventive treatments are all interrelated and inseparable. The clinical thinking of diagnosis and treatment must be principled and combined with specific circumstances to be practical. For patients with severe poisoning, if conditions permit, they should be admitted to the intensive care unit as much as possible to create better conditions for strengthening observation and timely rescue. Monitoring indicators can be determined according to specific circumstances. A.11 Assessment of labor capacity
Assessment of labor capacity is to assess the patient's labor capacity based on the patient's health recovery, and make reasonable arrangements for the nature, intensity and working hours of future work.
In addition to the above principles, the specific content can refer to GB/T16180 formulated by the Ministry of Labor and the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China.
Requirements for health examination
The requirements, methods and specific items of health examination can be determined according to the type of toxic substances. Health examination should be strictly implemented in accordance with the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law and relevant laws and regulations promulgated by my country. General occupational contraindication certificate
Occupational contraindication certificates for different toxic substances should be specifically formulated according to the different properties of each toxic substance.8 Preventive treatment
Preventive treatment is to analyze the characteristics of the toxic effects of the poisoning species in combination with clinical manifestations, foresee possible changes in the condition, take targeted measures to prevent its occurrence or reduce its severity, and prevent the formation of a vicious cycle. If there is a contradiction in treatment, analyze the pros and cons of various treatment measures according to the objective condition and handle them properly. Reasonable preventive treatment can play a great role in controlling the development of the disease, and it should be combined with the condition. A.9 Other treatments
Traditional Chinese medicine can play a great role in the treatment of acute poisoning. In addition to some drugs such as Danshen and Junzhihuang, which have been used, others can be implemented according to the principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment. Nursing work is very important in the entire rescue process. In some cases, it is the key to the success or failure of rescue. Various measures should be taken to ensure the quality of nursing work.
A.10 General treatment principles
The human body is an organic whole. Although the lesions of a certain system or organ are more prominent in acute poisoning, they are all systemic diseases; the lesions of various systems and organs must also affect each other. Therefore, throughout the course of the disease, the treatment must be guided by the overall view. The treatment plan should be formulated based on the clinical manifestations and various examinations, and decisions should not be made based on the results of a single examination. Etiology, symptomatic, supportive and preventive treatments are all interrelated and inseparable. The clinical thinking of diagnosis and treatment must be principled and combined with specific circumstances to be practical. For patients with severe poisoning, if conditions permit, they should be admitted to the intensive care unit as much as possible to create better conditions for strengthening observation and timely rescue. Monitoring indicators can be determined according to specific circumstances. A.11 Assessment of labor capacity
Assessment of labor capacity is to assess the patient's labor capacity based on the patient's health recovery, and make reasonable arrangements for the nature, intensity and working hours of future work.
In addition to the above principles, the specific content can refer to GB/T16180 formulated by the Ministry of Labor and the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China.
Requirements for health examination
The requirements, methods and specific items of health examination can be determined according to the type of toxic substances. Health examination should be strictly implemented in accordance with the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law and relevant laws and regulations promulgated by my country. General occupational contraindication certificate
Occupational contraindication certificates for different toxic substances should be specifically formulated according to the different properties of each toxic substance.
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