This standard specifies the basic terms related to ergonomics and mental workload. This standard applies to the understanding and use of common terms for mental workload in ergonomics and other fields. This standard does not include the measurement methods and task design principles for mental workload. GB/T 15241-1994 Terms related to ergonomics and mental workload GB/T15241-1994 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net
This standard specifies the basic terms related to ergonomics and mental workload. This standard applies to the understanding and use of common terms for mental workload in ergonomics and other fields. This standard does not include the measurement methods and task design principles for mental workload.

National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Ergonomics related to mental work-loadgeneral terms
This standard is equivalent to the national standard IS010075 "Ergonomic principles related to mental work-load (2007 edition)".
1 Subject content and scope of application
This standard specifies the basic terms related to ergonomics and mental work-load. This standard is applicable to the understanding and use of common terms for mental work-load in ergonomics and other fields. This standard does not include the measurement methods and task design principles for mental work-load. 2 Terms
2.1 Psychological stress
GB/T 15241-94
General terms and definitions (1991
The sum of the measurable effects of external forces on people and their psychological effects [see Appendix A (reference)]. 2.2 Mental strain
The immediate effect of a person under psychological stress, which depends on the individual's emotions and personal habits, experience and the way he copes with stress.
2.3 Effects of psychological strain
2.3.1 Facilitating effects 2.3.1.1 Warming-up effect effect A phenomenon in which the work results achieved are less than expected due to psychological tension after a period of time after the start of work. 2.3.1.2 Activation
An internal state with different efficiencies of physical and mental functions. Note: Psychological tension can cause different degrees of activation states depending on its duration and intensity; and there is an optimal range for the activation state to ensure the highest functional efficiency. It should be noted that excessive increase in tension will lead to undesirable overactivation. 2.3.2 Impairing effects The damage and impact caused to people by psychological tension. Including psychological fatigue and inflammatory fatigue. Impairing effects should be distinguished according to the way of recovery and how to achieve recovery, and can also be distinguished according to symptoms. Impairing effects can be very general or very specific, and there are changes in recovery time or vitality. 2.3.2.1 Psychological fatigue mental fatigue A temporary reduction in the efficiency of physical and mental functions. This reduction depends on the intensity, duration and temporary pattern of the previous psychological tension. Recovery from psychological fatigue aims at the restoration of vitality, not a change in vitality. 2.3.2.2 Fatigue-like Btates refers to the psychological state of an individual caused by psychological tension in a rarely changing situation. This state will disappear quickly with changes in work content or changes in environment and situation. Fatigue-like states include monotony, reduced vigilance and psychological exhaustion. National Technical Supervision Bureau 1994-10-17 Approved for implementation on June 1, 1995
monotony
2.3.2.2.1 Monotony
GB/T15241—94
A slowly developing state of reduced activity in repetitive tasks that remain unchanged for a long time, which will cause drowsiness, fatigue, reduced or fluctuating performance, and reduced adaptability and responsiveness. 2.3.2.2.2
Reduced Vigilance
A slowly developing state of reduced vigilance under rarely changing monitoring conditions (such as monitoring radar screens or monitoring dashboards).
2.3.2.2.3 Mental Satisfaction A state of mental instability, such as a strong resistance to repetitive tasks, or a feeling of "killing time" or "accomplishing nothing".
Note: Psychological déjà vu is manifested as anger, decreased performance, and perhaps fatigue and a tendency to quit. Psychological déjà vu is different from monotony and fatigue reduction in that the activation level remains unchanged or even increases due to resistance. 2.3.3 Other effects
2.3.3.1 Practice effects Practice effects A lasting improvement in the individual's performance occurs with learning, practice, familiarity, and repeated adaptation to the psychological stress process. 2
GB/T 1524194
Appendix A
Supplementary explanation of terms and concepts
《References》
A1 Figure A1 illustrates the relationship between psychological stress, individual factors, psychological stress, and its direct effects. The diagram is only a simplified explanation, omitting the potential interactions that combine various conditions and individual factors that produce psychological stress. Each group lists only a few examples; the list is not complete. The order of examples does not involve any hierarchical concept. A2 In this standard, in addition to the above-mentioned stress effects, there are other psychological stress effects, such as annoyance, overload, etc. These are not discussed in this standard because there are great differences between individuals or the final research results have not yet been obtained. Similarly, the long-term adverse effects that may be caused by repeated exposure to excessive or low psychological stress are not discussed. A3 The same situation can lead to an increase or decrease in psychological stress, depending on the individual's previous habits or different conditions. For example: reading can cause psychological stress and lead to increased psychological stress; on the contrary, reading newspapers and magazines after a long and heated discussion, this kind of psychological stress leads to a decrease in psychological stress. A4 The meaning of the word "stress" used by experts in technical terms may be different from that in habitual spoken language. In daily habitual spoken language, the word "stress" has a negative meaning. In the international standard, the word "stress" is completely neutral. Its meaning includes all the effects of evaluable external factors on individuals. Therefore, as a technical term, "Mental stress" can also include those external influences, that is, those benign factors that are considered to be free from "strain" in daily spoken language. 3
Task requirements
Example:
Sustained attention
GB/T 15241—94
Situational factors affecting psychological stress
Physical conditions
Example:
(Staring at the radar display for a long time
Information processing
(Making inferences based on incomplete information and choosing from different action plans)
Sense of responsibility
(Health and safety of others, loss of production)
Duration of activity time and combination model (working hours, rest, shifts) work content (control, planning, execution and evaluation (underground work, transportation, handling of explosives) social and organizational factors examples, control type social factors (outside the organization) social needs (organizational structure, communication and liaison (public health or welfare brightness, contrast) tt||temperature, glare)
climatic conditions
rights and responsibilities)
organizational atmosphere (personnel acceptance, cultural standards (acceptable working conditions, values, ventilation)
noise (sound affixed, frequency)
meteorology (rain, wind)bzxz.net
odor (fragrance, stench)
interpersonal relations)
values, criteria)||tt ||Group reinforcement
(group structure, cohesion)
Leaders (close supervision, directional guidance)
(between groups or individuals)
Social connections
(individual work, client-client relationship)
Individual characteristics that affect stress and tension
Economic conditions (labor market)
Expected level, self-esteem, talent, skills, general condition, health, physique, age, actual conditions,Initial motivation, attitude, and work style
Facilitating influence
Set, experience
Age, nutrition
Psychological tension
Psychological stress and (or) fatigue-like state
(monotonous feeling, reduced alertness, psychological fatigue) Figure A1 Stress-tension relationship of mental load
Activation level
Other influences
Practical effect
Additional notes:
This standard is proposed by the State Administration of Technical Supervision. GB/T
15241-94
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Ergonomics Standardization. This standard was jointly drafted by the China Institute of Standardization and Information Classification and Coding and the Institute of Psychology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The main drafters of this standard are Xu Liancang, Hua Donghong, Gao Jing, and Xiao Hui. 5
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