Rules of operation for the production technology of basic seed of three lines of indica hybrid rice
Some standard content:
GB/T17314-1998
In order to standardize the production technology of the original seed of the "three-line" hybrid rice, maintain the purity and excellent quality of the "three-line", and enable it to be used in production for a long time, the production technology and operation procedures of the original seed of the "three-line" hybrid rice are specially formulated. This standard is proposed and managed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. Appendix A of this standard is the appendix of the standard.
The responsible drafting units of this standard are: National Seed Station, Hunan Seed Management Station, Hunan Seed Company, Cili County Original Seed Farm, Huaihua Regional Seed Company, Hunan Hejiashan Original Seed Farm, Hunan Standards Bureau. The main drafters of this standard are: Zhao Longguo, Huang Guisun, Sun Runan, Gong Huihe, Wan Chongcui. This standard is entrusted to the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center of the Ministry of Agriculture for interpretation. The first release time of this standard was April 1998. 157
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T17314-1998
Rules of operation for the production technology of basic seed of three lines of indica hybrid rice1 Scope
This regulation specifies the technical specifications for individual plant selection, plant row (line) identification and basic seed production in the production of basic seed of three lines of indica hybrid rice. This regulation is applicable to the basic seed production of the sterile lines, maintainer lines and restorer lines (hereinafter referred to as "three lines") of wild abortive sterile lines of indica hybrid rice and new plasmodia types with sterility similar to wild abortive sterile lines. 2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard was published, the versions shown were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. (GB/T3543.1~3543.7--1995 Inspection Procedures for Crop Seeds GB34404.11996 Cereal Seeds 3 Definitions
This standard adopts the following definitions.
3.1 Sterile Line
The stamens and pollen are normal, and the lines cannot self-pollinate and bear fruit. The fertility is controlled by genetic genes. For example, a sterile line with male sterile cytoplasm of wild rice is called a wild sterile line, usually represented by A. 3.2 Maintenance Line
The stamens and pollen are normal, and the lines can self-pollinate and bear fruit. After pollination, the sterile lines can bear fruit, but their offspring still have the male sterile characteristics. Usually represented by B.
3.3 Restorer Line line
The male and female stamens develop normally, and the hybrids produced by the pollinated sterile line have normal fertility and can self-pollinate and produce fruit, which has a strong advantage. Usually represented by R,
3.4 Propagation
The sterile line is pollinated and fruited by the maintenance line and reproduces seeds. The maintenance line and the restorer line are self-pollinated and fruited, which is collectively called "three-line" reproduction. 3.5 Seed production procluction
Using the restorer line to pollinate the sterile line and produce hybrid rice seeds with normal fertility and heterosis is called seed production. 4 "Three-line stock production
4.1 Production method
Adopt the improved mixed selection method, namely single plant selection (seed selection area), plant row comparison (plant row garden), plant line identification (plant line garden), mixed superior line breeding (stock), referred to as "three-garden method". Approved by the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision on April 3, 1998 158
Implementation on October 1, 1998
4.2 Base selection
GB/T 17314--1998
Select fields with excellent isolation conditions, no quarantine pests and diseases, fertile soil, stable yields in drought and flood, and concentrated and continuous fields. 4.3 Source of parent selection
On the basis of stable fertility, retention and recovery, the focus is on typicality and consistency. Mainly select old rooms, with indoor seed testing as the main selection, and make a comprehensive assessment to make the final selection.
4.4 Isolation
It is best to isolate the sterile line from different varieties naturally. If it is time isolation, the flowering period should be staggered by more than 25 days. If it is space isolation, the distance should be more than 700ml; The distance between the three fields of the restoration and maintenance lines and the different varieties is not less than 20m. For the maintenance lines with high stigma exposure rate, they must be strictly isolated from the single plant selection to the original field. It is strictly forbidden to plant stems and glutinous varieties around (within 500m). 4.5 Maintenance line original seed production
4.5.1 Single plant selection (seed selection area)
4.5.1.1 Seed source
Local original seed or imported foreign original seed.
4.5.1.2 Interplanting
Seed selection area 333m (0.5 angle), sparse sowing and uniform sowing, single plant sparse planting, use excellent cultivation technology. 4.5.1.3 Selection criteria
The following traits of the selected plants must meet the characteristics of the original variety: a) plant, leaf, ear, grain type, growth period and number of leaves; b) sex, growth potential and appearance;
) stress resistance and fruit setting rate;
d) anther size, filament length, pollen quantity, flowering and pollen shedding habits, and microscopic sterility. 4.5.1.4 Selection period and quantity
It is carried out in 4 times. The stage is based on plant type, leaf sheath color and number of filaments, and 500 plants are initially selected (with poles inserted as the record). At the heading stage, 300 plants are selected based on the speed and consistency of the main ear. At the maturity stage, 200 plants are selected based on ear length, fruit setting rate, grain type, uniformity and consistency of maturity and disease resistance. Then, the seeds are tested indoors, 100 plants are selected comprehensively, and the selected plants are harvested, numbered, registered, bagged and stored. 4.5.2 Rows
4.5.2.1 Seed source
Single plants selected in the season.
4.5.2.2 Field design
Take equal amount of seeds from each single plant (including the original seeds of the same variety for the control), sow and raise seedlings at the same time, and the sowing area of each single plant is the same. Single plants are planted in Honda rows, arranged in the order of numbers, without duplication, and controls are set every ten, and walkways are left between rows. 4.5.2.3 Observation and record
Observe and record the typicality, high yield, consistency, stress resistance, growth period and flowering habits of the group. See Appendix A (Standard Appendix) for details
Observe 10 plants at the same fixed point in each row, mark the leaf age, and examine the characteristics of each row in stages. In the stage, we look at the luxuriance and uniformity, the color of the leaf sheath, and the strength of the seedling force; in the heading stage, we look at the speed of heading, the length and width of the sword leaf, the size of the anther, and the powder shedding; in the maturity stage, we look at the uniformity of plant height, the shape of the grain, the presence or absence of awns, the color of the tip, the number of ears, the fruit setting rate, and the fullness of the grains. After maturity, all the seeds are taken back and tested on a single plant basis to examine their economic traits.
4.5.2.4 Selection Principles
a) All rows and plants that do not meet the characteristics of the original variety in terms of plant, leaf, ear, grain type, number of main base leaves, presence or absence of awns, tip, leaf sheath color, etc. shall be eliminated in the whole area. If a mutant plant is found in each row before heading, the whole row shall be eliminated; b) Rows and plants with inconsistent growth and uneven growth shall be eliminated in the field. Rows and plants with heading and maturity periods exceeding 1d (day) shall be eliminated. C) Selection criteria for economic traits 4.5.1. The selection criteria shall be slightly higher than the average number, and the yield of each row and plant shall not be lower than that of the adjacent control. 159
GB/T 173141998
d) Comprehensive selection, the selection rate of each row and plant is generally 30%. 4.5.2.5 Harvest and Storage
The selected rows and plants shall be harvested, threshed, dried, stored, and numbered and registered. 4.5.3 Plant nursery
4.5.3.1 Seed source
Seeds from the selected plants in the working season.
4.5.3.2 Field design
The farm adopts sequential arrangement, and plants the same area in each plant. The original seeds of the same variety are planted in a certain area as a control to eliminate the variation of wrong selection. 4.5.3.3 Observation record and selection criteria
Same as 4.5.2. Observe 10 plants at a fixed point, and record the field weed rate at each growth stage. If there is more than one weed in each plant, the whole plant will be eliminated. 4.5.3.4 Comprehensive selection
Through field visual inspection and yield measurement, comprehensively select excellent plant lines, with a selection rate of 50%. The selected plant lines are mixed harvested, part of which is used for production, and the excess seeds are stored in dry and cold storage for future use.
4.5.4 Original seed nursery
4.5.4.1 Seed source
Seeds of the selected strains last year.
4.5.4.2 Field design
Adopt single-plant cutting and fine management to improve the reproduction coefficient. 4.5.4.3 Determination of original seed
Seeds that meet the original seed standard of GB4404.1 are determined as original seeds. 4.6 Restoration line original seed production
4.6.1 Seed source
Select from original seed nursery or fields with higher purity, or introduce seeds with higher purity from breeding units (off-site). 4.6.2 The setting, planting method and selection criteria of the three are the same as those in 4.5.
Typicity: Mainly look at the four types of plants, leaves, ears and grains, the color of stems and leaves, and the number of leaves on the main stems, and select single plants with typicality and consistency, and no aborted pollen after microscopic examination.
4.6.3 Testing and identification
Take 2 single plants from each plant row and cross them with 3 to 5 single plants of the same sterile line original seed, and harvest the seeds for testing and identification. Comprehensively select the recovery lines with good typicality, recovery degree of more than 80%, recovery plant rate of 99.9%, good stress resistance, and higher yield than the control, with a plant row selection rate of 30%~50% and a plant line selection rate of 50%~70%.
4.6.4 The observation and recording methods, standards and items of plant row and plant line nursery are the same as those in 4.5.
4.6.5 Determination of original seed
The mixed superior seeds of strains are combined with superior identification, and strains with strong compatibility are collected and stored together. The original seed nursery is set up according to the needs. Seeds that meet the original seed standard of GB4404.1 are determined as original seeds. In addition to seeds used for seed production, excess seeds are stored in dry and refrigerated storage for later use. 4.7 Production of sterile line original seeds
4.7.1 Single plant selection area
4.7.1.1 Seed source
Use local original seeds or introduce original seeds from other places, and maintain the original seeds or mixed superior seeds of strains. 4.7.1.2 Planting method
Single plant sparse planting in the selection area, the ratio of parental lines is 1:2, fine cultivation, no leaf cutting, no bud stripping, no growth hormone spraying, and pollen removal when heading and flowering. 4.7.1.3 Selection criteria
GB/T17314--1998
The selection criteria for selected sterile lines are the same as those for corresponding maintenance lines, with the sterility, flowering habit and necking of the original sterile lines as the key points of selection. 4.7.1.4 Fertility test
At the beginning of heading stage, the qualified individual plants in the preliminary selection shall be examined under a microscope one by one, and the individual plants with fertile pollen and stained aborted shall be eliminated according to the standards and methods in Appendix A (Appendix of the standard).
4.7.1.5 Flowering habit
See Appendix A (Appendix of the standard) for details, which shall be determined according to the flowering habit of the sterile line prototype. 4.7.1.6 Check the neck length of the main ear and the nested ear 4.7.1.7 Selection period and quantity
The selection steps are the same as 4.5.1. Pay attention to the observation of the anthers of each plant in the whole area during the initial ear stage, remove the single plants with powdery type, and then re-select according to the microscopic examination. The number of plants selected in the field shall not be less than 200, and the number of plants selected in the final selection shall not be less than 50. 4.7.1.8 The selected sterile line single plants shall be collected, removed, stored, and registered for standby use. 4.7.2 Plant row garden
4.7.2.1 Seed source
Use the single plants selected last year, and the male parent shall be the mixed superior maintenance line or the maintenance line seeds stored in dry storage and refrigeration. 4.7.2.2 Planting method
Sowing and raising in autumn according to the difference in sowing period of the parents, planting in rows, the ratio of parents to rows is 1:3, the distance between parents is 20~~25cm, the interval aisle is 50cm, arranged in sequence, no repetition and control, no seed attack measures, typical comparison, but must be timely to increase the fruit setting rate as much as possible. 4.7.2.3 Observation record and selection criteria
Same as 4.5.2. Observe 10 plants at a fixed point in each plant row and record them, and select them by the majority selection method. At the same time, 10 sterile lines are inserted into another natural isolation or barrier isolation area in each plant row, without bagging, and record the fruit setting. For each selected plant row, sample 10 plants for indoor testing, focusing on the economic traits such as cross-pollination fruit setting rate.
4.7.2.4 Fertility standard and fertility test
Same as 4.7.1. The fertility test adopts a combination of visual inspection and microscopic inspection. During the flowering period, 20% of the sterile lines (plants) are inspected under a microscope for each plant row, and the pollen morphology and color are visually inspected plant by plant. If a mutant plant appears, the entire row will be eliminated. 4.7.2.5 Flowering habit
Same as 4.7.1.
4.7.2.6 Plant row selection
Based on the items of fixed-point observation, fertility identification and microscopic inspection, the plant rows with typicality, consistency and high cross-pollination fruiting rate are selected. The selection rate of plant rows is 30%.
4.7.2.7 Harvest
The selected plant rows are harvested, removed and stored separately, and numbered and registered for preservation. After pollination, the retention line is cut first to prevent weeds and keep purity. 4.7.3 Plant nursery
4.7.3.1 Seed sourcebzxZ.net
Seeds of the sterile plant-row selected last year, and the male parent uses the dry-stored mixed maintenance line or the same plant-row nursery seeds. 4.7.3.2 Field design
Each plant (including the original seed of the same variety of the control) is planted in equal areas. Sequential plantation, the ratio of parent-child rows is 1:4, and controls are set every 10, and the male parent is planted around as a protection row.
4.7.3.2.1 Observation and recording items and standards
Same as 4.7.2. Sample 20 plants at five points in each plant for microscopic examination of pollen. Record field purity, investigate and record the rate of impure plants. Eliminate all plant lines found to be mutants.
4.7.3.2.2 Leaf age recording and yield measurement
Record the leaf age of 10 plants at the same fixed point of each plant line, and select by majority selection method. Under the same cultivation conditions, compare and identify the superiority and inferiority again, and conduct yield measurement.
4.7.3.3 Fertility identification
GB/T 17314--- 1998
Same as 1.7.2. Sample 20 plants from each line and plant them in natural isolation areas (or pot isolation) to observe the self-pollination and fruiting, which will be used as the basis for fertility selection.
4.7.3.4 Selection criteria
Based on observation records, visual inspection, microscopic inspection, and yield measurement, comprehensively evaluate and select superior lines, with a selection rate of 50%. 4.7.3.5 Harvesting
When mature, first mix the lines that have been eliminated during intercropping, and then mix the selected lines, which will be used as the seed source for the original seed nursery for expansion and reproduction next year. 4.7.3.6 Purity preservation
After pollination and fruiting, first cut the maintaining line to prevent weeds and preserve purity. 4.7.4 Original seed nursery
4.7.4.1 Seed source
The superior mixed seeds selected last year, keep using the superior mixed group or original seeds of last season. 4.7.4.2 Planting method
Strictly isolate, sow and raise seedlings according to the sowing period of the parents. The row ratio is 1:4 or 2:8, the female parent is planted densely with a single plant, and the male parent is planted with two plants. Take comprehensive measures to increase the reproduction coefficient, further remove impurities and inferior products, and ensure the quality of the original seeds. 4.7.4.3 Determination of original seeds
After pollination, cut the male parent first, and after field and indoor inspections and original seed comparison tests, those that meet the GB4404.1 original seed standards are determined as original seeds. 4.7.4.4 Seed Inspection
The production unit shall inspect the seeds carefully, and the seed inspection department shall re-check the seeds according to GB/T3543.1~3543.7. A certificate of conformity shall be issued to seeds that meet the standards of GB4104.1, and suggestions shall be made for handling unqualified seeds. 162
A1 Field Records
GB/T 17314--1998
Appendix A
(Appendix to the standard)
Field Records of the Original Seed Production of "Three-Line Hybrid Rice" with "Glaze Type" A1.1 Record the soil texture: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium organic matter content; the type, quantity, fertilization method and frequency of base fertilizer and topdressing. A1.2 Record the previous crop, tillage and water management. A1.3 Types, extent, damage time and prevention and control of major diseases and insect pests (pesticides Varieties, dosage, methods and effects). A1.4 Lodging resistance: record the date of lodging (day/month, the same below) and the degree of lodging, area (%), reasons, etc. A2 Main growth period
A2.1 Sowing period
The date of sowing.
A2.2 Transplanting period
The actual date of transplanting.
A2.3 Drug division period
The date when the new leaf tips of 50% of the plants emerge from the leaf sheath. A2.4 Booting period
The date when 50% of the flag leaves of the plants are exposed to the pulvinus of the next leaf. A2.5 Heading period
It is divided into four stages: emergence, beginning, full and complete. It is divided according to the heading progress of the observation point. The date when 5% of the flag leaf sheath of the main ear is exposed to the head is the emergence of the head; 10% is the beginning of the head; 50% is the full head; 80% is the complete head. A2.6 Maturity period
More than 95% of the grains turn yellow and the rice is hard. The maturity period is the date suitable for harvesting. A2.7 Harvest date
The actual date of harvest.
A2.8 Remaining growth period
The number of days from the second day of sowing to maturity.
A3 Main morphological characteristics
A3.1 Plant type
Loose, compact, general, etc., observed at the peak of the quince and heading period. A3.2 Plant height and plant uniformity
Measure the height of the main ear from the ground to the top of the ear (without awn), expressed in cm". Plant uniformity is recorded as uniform (++), general (+), and irregular (-).
A3.3 Number of main leaves
Record the number of leaves from each complete leaf (except bud sheath and incomplete leaves) to the sword leaf (from bottom to top), fix 10 plants, calculate the average value, and count the number of plants with irregular leaves. Observe once every 3 to 5 days. A3.4. Length and width of leaves
Expressed by the length and width of the sword leaf, measure the widest part of the leaf width, and find the average value of 20 plants. Expressed in "cm". A3.5 State
Divided into upright, weak, and general, recorded at the booting stage. A3.6 Leaf color and sheath color
GB/T17314—1998
Leaf color is divided into green, purple, dark, medium, and light; sheath color is divided into green, purple, and red. A3.7 Ear shape and grain shape
Ear shape is divided into tight, loose, and general. Grain shape is divided into slender, long, oblong, short round, etc. A3.8 Glume color and tip color
Glume color is divided into light yellow, dark yellow, brown, dark brown, etc. Tip color is divided into colorless, purple, and yellow. Observe at the heading stage. A3.9 Awning color and presence or absence of awn
Awning color can be divided into white, red, purple, etc.; Awning can be divided into no awn, short awn, and long awn. Observe at heading. A3.10 Thousand-grain weight
Randomly take 1,000 dry grains and weigh them, repeat three times, and calculate the average value. Expressed in "g". A3.11 Ear length and ear neck length
Ear length measures the length from the ear neck node to the ear top (excluding awn). Calculate the average value of 10 plants, expressed in "cm". Ear neck length measures the length from the ear neck node to the flag leaf pulvinus of each main ear and ear, calculate the average value of 10 plants, expressed in "cm". A3.12 Neck length
Measure the average length from the flag leaf pulvinus to the ear neck node of each main ear and ear of 10 plants. Expressed in "cm". A3.13 Number of necked grains and necked grain rate
Count the number of grains in the neck of 10 ears, find the average number and calculate its percentage of the total number of grains. A3.14 Ear uniformity
Record as uniform, medium and irregular.
A3.15 Ear weight
Measure the average value of 10 main ears and sub-ears, expressed in "g". A?.16 Number of grains per ear
Count the average number of total grains, filled grains and empty grains of 10 plants, and calculate the fruit set rate and empty rate. A3.17 Time for the opening and closing of spikelets
Expressed as the average value of the sum of the time required for 10 spikelets to open and close, calculated in "h" (hours). A3.18 Spikelet opening angle
Measure the average value of 10 spikelets with a protractor. Spikelet opening angles are classified into large (above 90°), medium (46°～90°), and small (below 45°). A3.19 Flowering time
Observe the average value of the duration from the beginning to the end of flowering of an ear for 3 consecutive days. A3.20 Stigma exsertion rate
Randomly survey the number of spikelets of 20 main ears, count the number of unilateral exsertion and bilateral exsertion, and calculate the percentage of each of the surveyed numbers. A3.21 Pollen type and microscopic examination method
According to the morphology of aborted pollen and whether it can be stained with iodine-potassium iodide, it can be divided into four types: typical abortion, round abortion, stained abortion, and normal. Typical aborted pollen grains are irregular in shape, transparent and unstained, round aborted pollen grains are round, transparent and unstained, stained aborted pollen grains are round, opaque or partially transparent and lightly stained, and normal pollen grains are round, opaque and stained brown-black. Microscopic examination method: Iodine-potassium iodide microscopic examination, for each plant, a glass slide with 18 anthers from the upper, middle and lower 3 spikelets of the main ear was examined, stained with potassium iodide solution, and magnified about 100 times to see the approximate number of various pollens in 3 standard fields of view. Plants with more stained pollen should be re-examined.
A3.22 Anther morphology
Different, thin, and plump; the color is milky white and golden yellow. A4 Fertility
A4.1 Sterile plant rate
GB/T 17314
Investigate the sterile plant rate of 100 plants in the natural isolation area. A4.2 Sterility
The percentage of unfertilized grains per ear to the total number of grains (female sterile ones are excluded). Generally divided into five levels: Complete sterility: self-pollination does not produce fruit.
High sterility: self-pollination fruit rate is 1% to 10%.
Semi-sterility: Self-fertility rate 11%~50%. Low sterility: Self-fertility rate 51%~80%.
Normal fertility: Self-fertility rate above 80%.
A4.3 Recovery plant rate
The percentage of fruit-bearing plants to the total number of plants investigated. A4.4 Recovery degree
The percentage of fruit-bearing grains per ear to the total number of grains per ear. Expressed as the average number of main plants and ears of 10 plants. 165
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