Some standard content:
ICS07.060
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T34301—2017
Technical specifications for tornado damage investigation2017-09-07Issued
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of ChinaStandardization Administration of China
2018-04-01Implementation
Terms and definitions
Investigation principles, organization and investigation procedures.
Investigation objects and methods
Investigation content and methods
6 Result analysis
Appendix A (Informative Appendix)Main performance and technical indicators of tornado disaster investigation instruments and equipmentAppendix B (Informative Appendix)
Survey form format
Appendix C (Informative Appendix)
Improved Fujita series (Enhanced F-scale)References
GB/T34301—2017
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This standard was drafted according to the rules given in GB/T1.1-2009. This standard is proposed by the China Meteorological Administration.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC345). GB/T34301—2017
The drafting units of this standard: Jiangsu Climate Center, Jiangsu Meteorological Science Institute, Jiangsu Meteorological Information Center The main drafters of this standard: Xu Xiazhen, Chen Bing, Wang Rui, Xiang Ying, Huang Shicheng, Cheng Ting. iKAoNi KAca
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1 Scope
Technical Specifications for Tornado Disaster Investigation
GB/T34301—2017
This standard specifies the principles, organization and investigation procedures, investigation objects and methods, investigation content and methods, and result analysis of tornado disaster investigation.
This standard applies to the investigation of tornado disasters. 2 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document. 2.1
tornado
The rotating column of air that descends from a cumuliform cloud to the ground. Note: It often appears as a funnel-shaped cloud.
tornado damage
Tornado disaster
A disaster phenomenon that is caused directly or indirectly by a tornado and causes losses to humans and the social economy. 2.3
Tornado damage investigation
tornado damage investigationThe whole process of investigating the occurrence and damage of a tornado disaster, collecting evidence, identifying and drawing conclusions. 2.4
Tornado track
tornado track
The path of a tornado, which appears as an obvious damage track on the ground. 2.5
length of tornado track
Length of tornado track
The total length of the damage track along the tornado track. Note: The unit is meter (m).
breadth of tornado track
width of tornado path
average width of the destruction track perpendicular to the tornado path Note: The unit is meter (m).
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missile
objects picked up by a tornado and thrown away from their original location. 2.8
velocity
horizontal distance moved by air per unit time. [QX/T51—2007, definition 3.3]
Note: The unit is meter (m).
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GB/T34301—2017
investigation principles, organization and investigation procedures
investigation principles
investigation of tornado disasters should follow the principles of objectivity, science, timeliness and completeness. 3.2
Investigation organization
3.2.1 A tornado occurrence reporting system should be established to obtain tornado occurrence information in a timely manner. 3.2.2 Based on the disaster report and the information provided by meteorological information officers and volunteers, the county-level and above meteorological authorities, together with relevant departments, shall form and dispatch an investigation team to conduct a tornado disaster investigation. The investigation team shall be composed of meteorological and related professionals, and the investigation team shall have no less than 3 members.
A tornado disaster investigation shall be carried out immediately after receiving a tornado occurrence report, and an investigation and analysis report shall be completed within 72 hours. 3.2.3
Investigation procedure
The tornado disaster investigation procedure is shown in Figure 1.
Receive the tornado report
Set up a tornado disaster investigation team
Develop an investigation plan
Carry out investigation
Conduct analysis and evaluation
Write an investigation report
Archive all information
Figure 1 Flowchart of tornado disaster investigation procedures
Investigation objects and methods
Investigation objects
Tornado disaster investigation should include the following investigation objects: a)
Witnesses and tornado reporters;
The disaster site and surrounding environment;
Observation, detection data and disaster records of meteorological stations; relevant records of civil affairs, agriculture, forestry, transportation, electricity, construction, fishery and other departments; HiiKAoNiKAca
e) Historical records of tornado disasters in archives; f) Others.
4.2 Investigation methods
GB/T34301—2017
The investigation of tornado disasters should be conducted by on-site measurement, photography, video recording, audio recording, on-site record and data copying. 5 Investigation content and methods
5.1 Investigation scope
5.1.1 The investigation scope of tornado disasters is the county (city, district, flag) where the tornado occurs. 5.1.2 The investigation of the tornado disaster site should be conducted along the tornado path, and should include all damaged objects and witnesses on both sides of the tornado path.
Investigation of meteorological observation and detection data
5.2.1 Overview of meteorological stations
Investigate the types of meteorological stations, the content and methods of observation and detection, etc., and indicate the horizontal distance and direction between the meteorological station and the tornado disaster site. 5.2.2 Satellite and radar detection data
Investigate and collect meteorological satellite cloud images and radar detection data in the area where the tornado disaster occurred, collect and view Doppler radar tornado vortex characteristics, mesocyclone analysis products, etc. 5.2.3 Ground observation data of meteorological stations
Investigate ground meteorological observation records, including wind direction, wind speed, maximum wind speed, maximum wind speed, air pressure and maximum pressure change, cloud shape and cloud amount, temperature, humidity, precipitation, weather phenomena and their duration, etc. when the tornado occurred. 5.3 Investigation and interview of witnesses and reporters 5.3.1 Conduct on-site interviews with witnesses and reporters, ask whether they saw the grounded funnel cloud and the debris and dust rotating on the ground, collect and record the qualitative and quantitative descriptions of the occurrence and impact of the tornado by witnesses, and collect video records taken by witnesses. 5.3.2 The investigation and interview of witnesses and reporters should be conducted at the same time as the disaster site investigation, preferably by interview, on-site record or audio and video recording, etc. Witnesses and reporters should sign and confirm on the disaster investigation form. 5.3.3 The contents of the investigation and interview include:
a) Basic conditions when the tornado occurs, mainly duration, moving path, diameter, etc.; the characteristics of the tornado, including whether there is an obvious funnel cloud and whether it touches the ground; b)
The damage caused by the tornado, including damage to buildings, structures or facilities and equipment, vehicles, people, animals, plants, damage location, quantity, method and degree, etc.;
The situation of the flying objects generated by the tornado, including type, volume, shape, weight, flight distance, height, damage to the ground objects, and damage to the tornado itself; e) Others.
5.3.4 The damage described by the witnesses and reporters should be verified and confirmed on site, and the audio and video materials they hold should be collected. 5.4 Investigation of the disaster site
5.4.1 Investigation method
5.4.1.1 Use measuring tools to measure the length and width of the tornado path and the position, orientation and size of the damaged objects. For measuring instruments and equipment, please refer to Appendix A.
5.4.1.2 For the directly visible tornado disaster damage, take photos or record the scene. For typical damage, take photos and measure them at close range
5.4.1.3 Use drones to take aerial photos of the disaster site as much as possible 5.4.2 Survey content
Damage to buildings, structures or other facilities and equipment includes: a)
Basic characteristics of damaged buildings and structures (including type, location, construction age, structure, quantity), damage mode and degree, etc.; b)
Basic characteristics of damaged vehicles and other facilities and equipment (including type, location, age, quantity), damage mode and degree;
Others.
Casualties of people or animals include:
Basic characteristics of the casualties (including type, weight, etc.), if necessary, consult the hospital or public security forensic medical examination report; Number of casualties of people or animals;
Mode and degree of injury to people or animals; d)
Others.
The damage to plants includes:
Basic characteristics of damaged plants, including species, height, diameter, location, and direction of lodging; number of damaged plants;
The manner and extent of plant damage (blown down, broken, or uprooted); others.
Other contents include:
Basic characteristics of damaged objects, including categories and properties; number of damaged objects;
The manner and extent of damage to damaged objects
5.5 Investigation of underground surface characteristics where tornadoes occur5.5.1 The conditions of the underlying surface within the scope of investigation shall be investigated, including topography, slope, main vegetation types, longitude and latitude, and altitude, etc.
5.5.2 The buildings, structures, and facilities within the scope of investigation shall be investigated, including the distribution of towns, villages, major buildings, and power, transportation, and communication facilities.
5.6 Investigation of historical tornado disasters
Historical tornado disaster records should be investigated, including the occurrence of disasters, damage and economic losses. 5.7 Investigation of other data and information
5.7.1 If there are other special meteorological observations and detection data at the tornado site, they should be supplemented for reference. 5.7.2 The surveillance video, photos, audio recordings and other data at the time of the tornado disaster should be investigated, and the disaster loss data and information should be investigated and collected. 6 Result analysis
6.1 Data collation
6.1.1 Summarize the investigation data according to the provisions of 5.1 to 5.7, fill in the relevant questionnaire, and refer to Appendix B for the form of the questionnaire. 4
GB/T34301—2017
6.1.2 All questionnaires, survey records, inspection reports, etc. should be compiled into a book, and all investigation data should be sorted, backed up and archived. 6.2
Data analysis
6.2.1 Combined with the weather background of the tornado, the tornado is first judged by using meteorological observations, detection records, on-site measurement data, and disaster investigation data, and then the process of tornado occurrence is analyzed. 6.2.2 Based on the investigation data and analysis results, the intensity of the investigated tornado can be classified according to the Enhanced Fujita scale (EnhanceF-scale), see Appendix C.
Analysis report
An independent analysis report should be prepared for each tornado report. The analysis report should include the following:
Investigation time, investigation method and investigation process; investigation team, reporter and witness list and information; data source and description;
report preparer, reviewer, and issuer; time, location, movement path, intensity and disaster scope of the tornado disaster; investigation process and results of the tornado disaster site; main characteristics and description of the disaster;
Statistics and analysis;
Conclusion.
Tornado disaster investigation reports and investigation data should be submitted to the provincial meteorological authorities. 5
GB/T34301—2017
GPS positioning instrument
Meet the following performance requirements:
Channel 12 (L1 code);
Update rate: 1HZ:
Appendix A
(Informative Appendix)
Main performance and technical indicators of tornado disaster investigation instruments and equipment First capture time: 40s;
Protocol: NMEA (GGAGSAGSVRMC);
Accuracy: 5m~10m.
A.2 Measuring tools
Use the following two types of rulers:
Steel tape measure, including:
·Self-winding or braked type, measuring range of 0m5m; ·Rolling box type or rolling stand type, measuring range of 0m~50m. Vernier caliper has a total length of 0m~150mm and a graduation value of 0.02mm. Laser rangefinder
Measuring range: 0m~500m;
Measuring time: Distance measurement 0s~4s:
Tracking measurement 0s~1s.
The theodolite
meets the following performance requirements:
Dial division: 360°;
Minimum scale value: 1\;
Compensation range: soil 2;
Installation error: ±3".
4Ultrasonic digital thickness gauge
meets the following performance requirements:
Measuring range: 0.2mm~300mm;
Resolution: 0.1mm;
Accuracy: ±0.5mm.2 Based on the investigation data and analysis results, the intensity of the investigated tornadoes can be graded according to the Enhanced Fujita scale (Enhance F-scale), see Appendix C.
Analysis report
An independent analysis report should be prepared for each tornado report. The analysis report should include the following:
Investigation time, investigation method and investigation process; investigation team, reporter and witness list and information; data source and description;
Report compiler, reviewer and issuer; time, location, movement path, intensity and disaster scope of the tornado disaster; survey process and results of the tornado disaster site; main characteristics and description of the disaster;
Statistics and analysis;
Conclusion.
Tornado disaster investigation reports and investigation data should be submitted to the provincial meteorological authority. 5
GB/T34301—2017
GPS locator
Meet the following performance requirements:
Channel 12 (L1 code);
Update rate: 1HZ:
Appendix A
(Informative Appendix)
Main performance and technical indicators of tornado disaster investigation instruments and equipment First capture time: 40s;
Protocol: NMEA (GGAGSAGSVRMC);
Accuracy: 5m~10m.
A.2 Measuring tools
The following two types of rulers are used:
Steel tape measure, including:
·Self-winding or brake type, measuring range of 0m5m;·Rolling box type or rolling rack type, measuring range of 0m~50m. The total length of the vernier caliper is 0m~150mm, and the graduation value is 0.02mm. The laser rangefinder
meets the following performance requirements:
Measuring range: 0m~500m;
Measuring time: Distance measurement 0s~4s:
Tracking measurement 0s~1s.
Theodolite
meets the following performance requirements:
Dial division: 360°;
Minimum scale value: 1\;
Compensation range: soil 2;
Installation error: ±3".
4 Ultrasonic digital thickness gauge
meets the following performance requirements:
Measuring range: 0.2mm~300mm;
Resolution: 0.1mm;
Accuracy: ±0.5mm.2 Based on the investigation data and analysis results, the intensity of the investigated tornadoes can be graded according to the Enhanced Fujita scale (Enhance F-scale), see Appendix C.
Analysis report
An independent analysis report should be prepared for each tornado report. The analysis report should include the following:
Investigation time, investigation method and investigation process; investigation team, reporter and witness list and information; data source and description;
Report compiler, reviewer and issuer; time, location, movement path, intensity and disaster scope of the tornado disaster; survey process and results of the tornado disaster site; main characteristics and description of the disaster;
Statistics and analysis;
Conclusion.
Tornado disaster investigation reports and investigation data should be submitted to the provincial meteorological authority. 5
GB/T34301—2017
GPS locator
Meet the following performance requirements:
Channel 12 (L1 code);
Update rate: 1HZ:
Appendix A
(Informative Appendix)
Main performance and technical indicators of tornado disaster investigation instruments and equipment First capture time: 40s;
Protocol: NMEA (GGAGSAGSVRMC);
Accuracy: 5m~10m.
A.2 Measuring tools
The following two types of rulers are used:
Steel tape measure, including:
·Self-winding or brake type, measuring range of 0m5m;·Rolling box type or rolling rack type, measuring range of 0m~50m. The total length of the vernier caliper is 0m~150mm, and the graduation value is 0.02mm. The laser rangefinder
meets the following performance requirements:
Measuring range: 0m~500m;
Measuring time: Distance measurement 0s~4s:
Tracking measurement 0s~1s. The theodolite
meets the following performance requirements:
Dial division: 360°;
Minimum scale value: 1\;
Compensation range: soil 2;
Installation error: ±3".
4 Ultrasonic digital thickness gauge
meets the following performance requirements:
Measuring range: 0.2mm~300mm;
Resolution: 0.1mm;
Accuracy: ±0.5mm.
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