This standard specifies the sample preparation, sample etching, macroscopic structure inspection, macroscopic photography and test report for the macroscopic structure and fracture inspection of copper and copper alloy castings and processed products. This standard is applicable to the inspection of defects and fractures of copper and copper alloy castings and processed products with the naked eye, magnifying glass or stereo microscope. YS/T 448-2002 Macroscopic structure inspection method for copper and copper alloy castings and processed products YS/T448-2002 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

Nonferrous Metals Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China Y$/T 448—2002
Copper and copper alloys
Inspection method for macrostructure of cast and processed products Copper and capper alloys inspection method uf miacrostructure for cast wrought iron products Issued on 2002-11-22 Issued by the State Economic and Trade Commission Implemented on 2003-01-01 This is the first revision of the international standard.
The sixth standard specifies the inspection method for macrostructure and fracture inspection of cast iron and copper alloy products. Appendix A of this standard is the visual thermal conductivity appendix.
This standard was issued by the National Nonferrous Metals Standardization Technical Committee: This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Nonferrous Metals Standardization Technical Committee, and the investors are: Lu Junju, Zhang Zhili, Shu Fuxing, Zhang Hua, and Gan Dujie. This standard is interpreted by the National Nonferrous Metals Standardization Technical Committee, YS/T 448—2002
Copper and copper alloys
Macrostructure inspection method for castings and processed products YS/T449—2002
This standard specifies the test methods for the selection and selection of large-scale metal products, such as the microstructure and fracture test of various types of products, in-depth inspection, macroscopic photography and live inspection
This standard is applicable to the inspection of steel products by internal eyes, microscope and adjustment and adjustment! The defects of the products are introduced.
? Sample preparation
1. The steel products are tested horizontally at the end of the tax port, or the test parts are selected for the inspection. The residual surface should not exceed 25mm.
2.2. The products can be inspected in the macro inspection shop after the inspection. You can also choose the new one.
2.3. Except for the surface of the casting products, the test surface of the test rod should be less than the previous inspection surface: . The roughness is not more than .2m1. Under the premise of the inspection, it can also be increased by 1. Detailed test: new cutting time to prevent overheating, please create a history of light after the surface of the blood or more fine drop, heart to the metallographic dream of too much Sa, 2.4 Han 11 test details while doing the fracture part of the mark hit the spirit or add 1. Forming the promise: the requirements for the fracture rolling and releasing the product: one to one for the hyperactivity,
2.5 test in the area of ​​force information on the gradual change of the relevant place can be achieved once the load, not allowed to repeat multiple times. 2.6 processing promise structure Keep the surface of the enclosure clean: avoid contamination or injury. 3 Preparation of corrosion solution || tt || 3.1 Use 30~50% nitric acid aqueous solution as the reagent. You can also choose other solutions in Appendix A: Clean the surface of the enclosure, avoid contamination or injury. 3.2 Warning: Be careful when preparing corrosion solution. Many corrosion agents are strong aldehydes. Pour various chemicals into the water slowly in order. In the solution or stirring, especially sulphuric acid.
4 Test differential corrosion
4, 1, the sample is not corroded by the method and the upper layer is not corroded by the two-piece method. The film produced by the corrosion should be continuously irradiated, and the turbidity time should be based on the clear pot showing the fiber and defects. After the test, it should be quickly rinsed with a large amount of disinfectant water. The corrosion is moderate. If the corrosion is too light, the defects will not be shown. If the corrosion is too heavy, the surface will be concave. 4.2 After the test, please wipe it clean. If necessary, take a picture or take a photo. If necessary, remove the oil immediately. 4.3 Warning: Many equipments are violent and emit irritating and isotropic fumes. Tests must be carried out in a well-ventilated place. 5 Macro inspection
5. Tests must be carried out in accordance with the quality requirements specified in the technical standards or technical agreements. During the inspection, the light should be always on point to measure the rS/T 448.-2002
All parts are normal, if there is any problem with the part, use a microscope with a magnification of less than 100 times to inspect the part or make a fracture or group analysis
5.2 For small defects that are difficult to distinguish with a microscope, you can use a stereo microscope to confirm: Use a stereo microscope according to the instructions, generally use low-injury observation, less damage to the surface 5.3 Sales of suitable products and products, and the shape, distribution and uniformity of the product are small. 6 Safety photography
6.1 Preparation of samples for close observation should be prepared, and the sample should be cleaned up. 6.2 The sample should be photographed with a microscope, a handheld camera, and the magnification of the sample should be corrected. Small and main
6,3 steam phase with the light filter frequency adjustment to be appropriate, the product is solid with carbon, have enough blackness, the root of the sample section is reasonable and the light ticket, so that the new image is consistent with the purchase.
6.2 new test date selection of appropriate black door bottom production color package bottom, pregnancy one exposure time called according to the sample situation, the film properties and light depth, love time can be used for market waist light test, 6.5 film benefit building center tide rush material, with goods convex image change clear, 6. gold sample must be divided into specific areas of the city, can not get point by point change number, unless to non-band test fence, wwW.bzxz.Net
7 to observe the organization inspection results
agricultural inspection invitation to show the gold and breeding gold defects and fine not with hook, its inspection cold knot to a) macro entanglement of the structure of the square and cavitation. Such as the product in the state, etc., nuclear products. The product of the gold development of the construction line. h: changes in chemical composition. Suburban thank machine Guangdong, etc.,) the recent and Yanggong products of agricultural products are now missing elegant: such as the generation of the machine and the contraction, the paper ratio can be changed to reduce the two missing. 8 Test report
The test report will be summarized as follows:
a test order source, Taiwan Jinying number, specification and reach you;) If the proposed change should be made, the multiple, no unique conditions and the period of exploration! Printing of the normal situation:) Yao group inspection station:
) Test period!
e! Thank the tester for the signature of the film.
Test and appraisal
Jiangui Bai British system
Planning member all yellow system
No. City British
Question high-profile Taiwan gold, group speech
System, cooperative education discussion
Institute Bai alloy
Letter Han or account for
Pot, white
Limit: Concentrated
Release ratio residual
Appendix A
[Normative Appendix]
And copper alloy macroscopic identification test with diffusion agent Table A.1 Help and vehicle combination macroscopic organization test with diffusion agent composition
This water|| tt||Double chemical
China Consulting Edition training ground and my liquid
nitric acid liquid》
elimination gland record
336 acyl acid
E format
13 three emulsified iron original table
its chemical path
New North was
bioethanol"
elimination acid with:
now Feng Shui
change the quality
will sample in the slaughter out of the most human road source T, points
select the sample in the slaughter along the drift net for a few minutes
50 minutes, in the double mountain situation rise 1
Jey uL
Set the sample in a damaged road, wash the defect in boiling water, make it long as an empty immersion pipe, and blow it in the water. Make a dummy of the sample as a test: Wash it in wet water and dry it. Set the test rod as a flow, and clean it in water. er.l.
will try to enjoy the product community in the people of the child points
90, water and ten
YST448-2002
display product system change aggregation system
ping good effect after
flat product original north purchase service
deep diffuse
dense change velvet
code design product production cattle black fee
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