This standard applies to the writing format of reports and papers, including formal composition and bibliographic description, as well as their writing, editing, printing and publishing. GB 7713-1987 Writing format of scientific and technological reports, dissertations and academic papers GB7713-1987 standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net
This standard applies to the writing format of reports and papers, including formal composition and bibliographic description, as well as their writing, editing, printing and publishing.

1 Introduction
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Format of scientific and technical reports, dissertations and scientific papers
UDC 001.81
GB 771387
1.1 The purpose of formulating this standard is to unify the format of writing and editing scientific and technical reports, dissertations and scientific papers (hereinafter referred to as reports and papers) and to facilitate the collection, storage, processing, processing, retrieval, utilization, communication and dissemination of information systems. 1.2 This standard applies to the format of reports and papers, including the formal composition and title description, as well as their writing, editing, printing and publishing.
The reports and papers referred to in this standard can be manuscripts, including handwritten copies and typed copies and their reproductions; they can also be printed copies, including papers published in journals or conference proceedings and their preprints, excerpts and variants, monographs as part of a book or as an independent book, microfilm copies and other forms.
1.3 This standard applies in whole or in part to other scientific and technological documents, such as annual reports, handbooks, memoranda, etc., and also to technical archives. 2 Definitions
2.1 Scientific and technological reports
Scientific and technological reports are documents that describe the results or progress of a scientific and technological study or the results of a technical development test and evaluation; or they are documents that discuss the current status and development of a certain scientific and technological issue. Scientific and technological reports are intended to be submitted to organizations or people who host research such as scientific and technological authorities or science foundations. Scientific and technological reports should generally provide sufficient information in a systematic or work-in-progress manner, which may include both positive and negative results and experiences, so that relevant personnel and readers can judge and evaluate, and make corrections to the conclusions and recommendations in the report. 2.2 Dissertations
A dissertation is an academic paper written to demonstrate that the author has achieved creative results or new insights in scientific research, and is used for evaluation when applying for the corresponding degree. A bachelor's thesis should be able to show that the author has indeed mastered the basic theories, specialized knowledge and basic skills of the subject, and has the preliminary ability to engage in scientific research or undertake specialized technical work. A master's thesis should be able to show that the author has indeed mastered solid basic theories and systematic specialized knowledge in the subject, and has new insights into the research topic, and has the ability to engage in scientific research or independently undertake specialized technical work. A doctoral thesis should be able to show that the author has indeed mastered solid and broad basic theories and systematic and in-depth specialized knowledge in the subject, and has the ability to independently engage in scientific research, and has made creative achievements in science or specialized technology. 2.3 Academic Papers
Academic papers are scientific records of new scientific research results or innovative insights and knowledge in experimental, theoretical or observational aspects of a certain academic subject, or scientific summaries of new progress in the application of a known principle in practice, and are written documents for reading, communication or discussion at academic conferences, or for publication in academic journals, or for other purposes. Academic papers should provide new scientific and technological information, and their content should include discoveries, inventions, creations, and progress, rather than duplicating, imitating, or plagiarizing the work of predecessors.
3 Writing Requirements
GB 7713-87
Chinese manuscripts of reports and papers must be written or typed on one side of white manuscript paper, and foreign manuscripts must be typed. Non-fading copies may be used.
Reports and papers should be printed on A4 (210mm×297mm) standard white paper, which should be easy to read, copy and photograph microfilm. When writing, typing or printing reports and papers, sufficient blank margins should be left around the paper to facilitate binding, copying and readers' comments. The top (header) and left side (binding edge) of each side should have a margin of more than 25mm, and the bottom (foot) and right side (cut) should have a margin of more than 20mm.
4 Writing format
4.1 The numbering of articles and clauses of reports and papers shall refer to the relevant provisions of Chapter 8 "Arrangement of Standard Clauses" of the national standard GB1.1 "Basic Provisions for the Preparation of Standards in the Guidelines for Standardization Work", and adopt Arabic numeral hierarchical numbering. 4.2 Structure of reports and papers
Cover, back cover (see 5.1, 5.2, not necessary for academic papers)Title page (see 5.3)
Preface or introduction (see 5.6
if necessary)
Preface
(Chapter)
Abstract (see 5.7)
Keywords (see 5.8)
Table of contents (see 5.9 if necessary)
List of illustrations and tables (see 5.10
if necessary)
Symbols, signs, abbreviations, acronyms, units, terms Table of notes on words, nouns, etc. (see 5.11
When necessary)
(item)
Introduction (see 6.3)—1
Text (see 6.4)—2
Main part
Conclusion (see 6.5)
Acknowledgements (see 6.6)
References (see 6.7)
(item)
(item)
Figure 1 (or Figure 2.1)
←Table 1 (or Table 2.1)
Appendix (see 7 when necessary)
GB 7713-87
Appendix A
Appendix B
Ending (see 8 if necessary)
5 Preface
5.1 Cover
Index
Third cover, back cover
B 1.2 —-B 1.2.1
Figure B1
5.1.1 The cover is the outer surface of the report or paper, providing the necessary information and playing a protective role. The cover is not essential. Academic papers do not need a cover as part of a journal, book or other publication. If they are preprints, reprints or other single-volume editions, they can have a cover. 5.1.2 The cover may include the following content:
. The classification number should be indicated in the upper left corner to facilitate information exchange and processing. Generally, the classification number of the "Chinese Library and Information Classification System" should be indicated, and the classification number of the "International Decimal Classification UDC" should be indicated as much as possible. b. The unit number is generally marked in the upper right corner. Academic papers do not need this. The confidentiality level depends on the content of the report or paper. According to the confidentiality regulations stipulated by the state, the confidentiality level should be indicated in the upper right corner. If it is publicly released, the confidentiality level does not need to be indicated.
|The title and subtitle or the title of each volume shall be marked in large font in a prominent position. The serial number and name of the volume, volume or chapter shall not be required if it is a complete volume. Versions such as draft, first draft, revised edition, etc. shall not be required if it is a first edition. f.
Name. Name of the responsible person The responsible person includes the author of the report or paper, the supervisor of the dissertation, the reviewer, the chairman of the defense committee, and the degree-granting institution. If necessary, the position, title, degree, name and address of the individual responsible person may be indicated. If the responsible person is a unit, group or team, the full name and address shall be stated. The individual authors who sign on the cover and title page, or before the main body of the academic paper, are limited to those who have made major contributions to the selection of the research topic and the formulation of the research plan, directly participated in all or a major part of the research work, and made major contributions, and participated in the writing of the paper and can be responsible for the content, and are ranked according to the size of their contributions. As for the collaborators who participated in part of the work, the workers who were responsible for specific sub-items according to the research plan, the undertakers of a certain test, and the auxiliary personnel who were entrusted to conduct analysis, inspection and observation, etc., they are not listed. These people can be listed one by one in the acknowledgments as participants in the work, or listed in the footnotes. If it is necessary to annotate the name of the distinguished person in Chinese pinyin, it must comply with national regulations, that is, the surname is before the given name, and the given name is connected into one word without hyphens or abbreviations.
h. The degree level applied for should be marked according to the name specified in the "Interim Implementation Measures for the Degree Regulations of the People's Republic of China". i. The name of the major refers to the name of the major of the author of the degree thesis. j. The date of completion of the work includes the date of submission of the report and thesis, the date of defense of the degree thesis, the date of award of the degree, and the date of receipt by the publishing department (if necessary).
. Publication items: place of publication and name of the publisher, year, month and day of publication (if necessary). 613
GB 7713--87
5.1.3 See Appendix A for the cover format of reports and papers. 5.2 Cover 2
The cover 2 of the report may indicate the method of distribution, including free gift or purchase, as well as the distribution unit and individual, copyright regulations, and other matters that should be noted.
5.3 Title page
The title page is the basis for recording reports and papers. Academic papers do not need a title page.
The title page is placed after the second cover and the lining page, and becomes the right page of another page. If a report or paper is divided into two or more volumes, each volume should have its own title page. Indicate the name and serial number of the volume on the title page. In addition to the content that the cover should have as specified in 5.1 and obtained, the title page should also include the following items: the name and address of the unit, the position, title, degree, unit name and address of the responsible person not listed on the cover, and the names of the collaborators who participated in part of the work.
5.4 Variant
Reports and papers sometimes meet certain needs. In addition to the formal full text, some variant versions are required, such as: abridged versions, excerpted versions, detailed abstracts for submission for review, and rewritten versions to extract the required content. The cover of the variant must indicate "Abridged, Extracted or Rewritten Version", and the rest should be noted. Please refer to the provisions of 5.1 for implementation.
5.5 Title
5.5.1 The title is a logical combination of the most appropriate and concise words to reflect the most important specific content in the report or paper. Each word used in the title must take into account the specific practical information that can be used to select keywords and compile secondary documents such as bibliographies and indexes for retrieval.
The title should avoid using uncommon abbreviations, acronyms, characters, codes and formulas. The title should generally not exceed 20 words.
Reports and papers used for international communication should have foreign language titles (mostly in English). Foreign language titles should generally not exceed 10 substantive words. 5.5.2 Subtitles are allowed in the following situations:
The meaning of the title is not complete, and the subtitle is used to supplement the specific content of the report or paper; the report or paper is published in separate volumes, or a series of work is reported in several articles, or the results of research in different stages are reported, and different subtitles are used to distinguish their specific content.
Other situations where it is necessary to use subtitles as extensions or explanations. 5.5.3 When the title appears in different places in the entire report or paper, it should be exactly the same, but the title can be omitted. 5.6 Preface or Introduction
Preface is not necessary. The preface of a report or paper is generally an introduction to the basic features of the paper by the author or others, such as explaining the origin, background, theme, purpose, significance of the research work. Writing style, as well as funding, support, and collaboration process; it can also comment and explain the research on related issues. These contents can also be explained in the introduction of the text. 5.7 Abstract
5.7.1 The abstract is a brief statement of the content of the report or paper without annotations or comments. 5.7.2 Reports and papers should generally have abstracts. For international communication, they should also have abstracts in foreign languages ​​(mostly in English). 5.7.3 The abstract should be independent and self-contained, that is, the necessary information can be obtained without reading the full text of the report or paper. The abstract contains data and conclusions, and is a complete short article that can be used independently, quoted, and used for process promotion. The content of the abstract should contain the same amount of main information as the report or paper, so that readers can determine whether it is necessary to read the full text, and it can also be used for secondary literature such as abstracts. The abstract should generally explain the purpose of the research work, experimental methods, results and final conclusions, etc., with the focus on results and conclusions. 5.7.4 Chinese abstracts should generally not exceed 200-300 words, and foreign abstracts should not exceed 250 nouns. If there is a special need, the number of words can be slightly more.
5.7.5 Unless there is really no alternative, do not use figures, tables, chemical structures, non-publicly known and commonly used symbols and terms in the abstract. 614
GB 771387
5.7.6 The abstract of a report or paper can be placed after the title page. The abstract of an academic paper is usually placed after the title and author and before the main text.
5.7.7 For the purpose of review, a dissertation or academic paper can be written in a variant form as required for participation in academic conferences, without being subject to the word limit.
5.8 Keywords
Keywords are words or terms selected from reports or papers for the purpose of document indexing to indicate the subject content of the full text.
Each report or paper selects 3 to 8 words as keywords, and they are placed in a separate line with prominent characters at the bottom left of the abstract. If possible, try to use the standard words provided by the Chinese Thesaurus and other thesaurus. For international communication, the English keywords corresponding to the Chinese should be marked. 5.9 From the next page
Long reports or papers can have a table of contents page, but short papers do not need a table of contents page. The table of contents page consists of the serial number, name and page number of the report or paper, chapter, article, appendix, bibliography, etc., and the other pages are arranged after the serial number. When the whole set of reports or papers is compiled in volumes, each volume should have a table of contents page of all the contents of the report or paper. 5.10 List of illustrations and appendices
If there are many figures and tables in the report or paper, they can be listed separately and placed after the table of contents page. The list of figures should have serial numbers, title and page numbers. The list of tables should have serial numbers, title and page numbers. 5.11 Table of notes on symbols, signs, abbreviations, acronyms, units of measurement, nouns, terms, etc. The collection of notes and explanations on symbols, signs, abbreviations, acronyms, units of measurement, nouns, terms, etc. should be placed after the list of figures and tables.
6 Main body
6.1 Format
The format of the main body can be determined by the author, but it usually starts with an introduction (or preface) and ends with a conclusion or discussion. The main body must start on the right page of a new page. Each article (or part) must start on a new page. If the report or paper is printed as a book or other publication, the format of the book or other publication shall be followed.
The format and layout of each chapter, article, and section of the entire report or paper must be uniform and clearly structured. 6.2 Serial Numbers
6.2.1 If the report or paper is divided into two or more volumes (or parts) under one general title, or divided into two or more parts (or parts), each volume or part should have a serial number. It can be written as: Volume 1, Part 2, Part 1, Part 2, etc. The serial numbers of volumes (parts) and parts (parts) of reports or papers written in foreign languages ​​shall be coded with Roman numerals. 6.2.2 The figures, tables, notes, references, formulas, calculations, etc. in the report or paper shall be serially numbered in sequence with Arabic numerals. The serial numbers can be uniformly coded in the order of appearance for the entire report or paper, and can also be coded in sequence for long reports or papers by chapter. The marking format should be easy to distinguish from each other, which can be: Figure 1, Figure 2.1, Table 2, Table 3.2; Note 1), Reference [4]; Formula (5), Formula (3.5), etc.
6.2.3 Reports and papers should be numbered continuously with Arabic numerals. The page numbering starts from the first page of the written, typed or printed version, which is regarded as page 1, and the right page is a separate page. The front cover, second cover, third cover and back cover are not numbered. The front part such as the title page, preface, and table of contents page can be numbered separately. The page number must be marked in the same position on each page for easy identification. Try not to have blank pages. If there are any, the right page should still be numbered as a single page. If two or more volumes are bound under the same general title, the page numbers should be numbered continuously. If each volume has its own subtitle, it can be numbered independently. 6.2.4 The appendices of reports and papers are numbered in sequence using capital A, B, C, such as Appendix A. Figures, tables, formulas, references, etc. in the appendix are numbered separately from the main text and are also coded with Arabic numerals, but the appendix code is placed before the numerals, such as: Figure A1, Table B2, Formula (B3), Reference [A5, etc. 615
6.3 Introduction (or preface)
GB 7713-87
The introduction (or preface) briefly describes the purpose and scope of the research work, previous work and knowledge gaps in related fields, theoretical basis and analysis, research ideas, research methods and experimental design, expected results and significance, etc. It should be concise and not be similar to the abstract, and should not become a note to the abstract. Knowledge that is generally available in textbooks does not need to be repeated in the introduction. A relatively short paper can only use a small paragraph to serve as an introduction. In order to reflect that the author has mastered solid basic theories and systematic specialized knowledge, has a broad scientific vision, and has fully demonstrated the research plan, the thesis should include a separate chapter with sufficient text for historical review and comprehensive review of predecessors' work, as well as theoretical analysis. 6.4 Text
The text of a report or paper is the core part, which occupies the main part. It can include: the object of investigation, experimental and observation methods, instruments and equipment, materials and raw materials, experimental and observation results, calculation methods and programming principles, data, processed and sorted charts, formed arguments and derived conclusions, etc.
Due to the great differences in the subjects, topics, research methods, work processes, and results expression methods involved in the research work, it is impossible to make a unified regulation on the content of the text. However, it must be realistic, objective, accurate, complete, logical, well-structured, concise and readable.
Figures include curve diagrams, structural diagrams, schematic diagrams, diagrams, block diagrams, flow charts, record diagrams, layout diagrams, maps, photos, plates, etc. Figures should be “self-explanatory”, that is, the meaning of the figure can be understood by just looking at the figure, figure title and figure legend without reading the text. Figures should be numbered (see 6.2.2).
Each figure should have a short and accurate title, together with the figure number, placed under the figure. If necessary, the symbols, marks, codes, and experimental conditions on the figure should be written in the most concise text horizontally below the figure title as a legend. The vertical and horizontal coordinates of the curve graph must be marked with "quantity, standard symbol, unit". These three can be omitted only when it is unnecessary to indicate (such as dimensionless, etc.). The symbols and abbreviations of the quantities marked on the coordinates must be consistent with those in the text. Photographs require clear outlines of the subject and the main display part to facilitate plate making. If enlarged or reduced reproductions are used, they must be clear and have moderate contrast. The photo should have a scale indicating the size of the target object. 6.4.2 Tables
The arrangement of tables is generally that the content and test items are read horizontally from left to right, and the data are arranged vertically in sequence. The table should be self-explanatory. The table should be numbered (see 6.2.2).
Each table should have a short and accurate title, together with the table number, placed on the table. If necessary, the symbols, marks, codes, and matters that need to be explained in the table should be written in the most concise text horizontally under the table title as table notes, or they can be attached to the table. For the arrangement of the note serial number, see 6.2.2. The serial number of the note in the table should be placed in small Arabic numerals with parentheses in the upper right corner of the marked object, such as::×××1). It is not advisable to use asterisks "" to avoid confusion with the symbols of mathematical conjugation and material transfer. Each column of the table should be marked with "quantity or test item, standard symbol, unit". It can be omitted only when it is not necessary. The abbreviations and symbols in the table must be consistent with those in the text. The numbers in the same column in the table must be aligned vertically. It is not advisable to use "same as above", "same as left", "," and similar words in the table, and they should all be filled with specific numbers or words. "Blank" in the table means that the item is not measured or does not exist, "-" or "..." (because "-" may be confused with negative reaction) means that it is not found, and "0" means that the actual measurement result is zero. If the data has been plotted into a curve graph, it does not need to be listed. 6.4.3 Mathematical, physical and chemical formulas
Formulas, calculations or equations in the text should be numbered (see 6.2.2), and the serial number should be marked on the far right of the line where the formula is located (when there is a continuation line, it should be marked on the last line). Longer formulas should be arranged in a separate line centered horizontally. If the formula must be transferred to another line, it can only be transferred to another line at +,,×,,<,>. The upper and lower formulas should be aligned at the equal sign "-" as much as possible. | |tt | α +O(Pr-n-)
%)f(0,0)
) f(0,0) +..
)\f(0,0)+
≥)- Jin(8)
8 InQ= -[(1+ ）
6(1-g)
El+Zzun
：（1）)
（2）
（3）
Decimal point is indicated by ".". Integers greater than 999 and decimals with more than three digits shall be separated by a half-Arabic character space, without a stem-position apostrophe. For pure decimals, 0 should be listed before the decimal point. Example: It should be written as 94652.023567, and 0.314325 should not be written as 94,652.023.567;
.314,325
Attention should be paid to distinguishing various characters, such as: Latin, Greek, Russian, German cursive, Roman numerals and Arabic numerals, character italics, black and white, upper and lower case, superscripts and lower scripts (especially multi-level, such as "three steps"), upper and lower deviations, etc. Example: I,1,1,i, C,c, K,k,, O,0,0°); S,s,5,Z, z,2;B,β;W,w,. 6.4.4 Units of measurement
Reports and papers must adopt the "Legal Units of Measurement of the People's Republic of China" issued by the State Council on February 27, 1984, and follow the "Methods for Using Legal Units of Measurement of the People's Republic of China". The use of various quantities, units and symbols must comply with the provisions of the national standards listed in Appendix B. The writing method of unit names and symbols shall all adopt internationally accepted symbols. 6.4.5 Symbols and abbreviations
Symbols and abbreviations shall comply with the relevant provisions of national standards (see Appendix B). If there is no standard to follow, the regulations published by the authoritative institutions or academic groups of the subject or major can be adopted, or the vocabulary of each subject compiled by the National Committee for the Examination of Natural Science Terms can be adopted. If you have to quote some symbols, signs, abbreviations, initials, etc. that are not well-known or commonly used, and are not easily understood by peer readers, or are defined by the author, they should be explained one by one and clearly defined when they appear for the first time. 6.5 Conclusion
The conclusion of a report or paper is the final and overall conclusion, not a simple repetition of the summaries of each paragraph in the text. The conclusion should be accurate, complete, clear, and concise.
If it is impossible to derive the necessary conclusion, it is also possible to have necessary discussions without a conclusion. Suggestions, research ideas, suggestions for improving instruments and equipment, and problems that need to be solved can be put forward in the conclusion or discussion. 6.6 Acknowledgements
You may thank the following parties after the main text: National Science Foundation, scholarship funds that support research work, contract units, enterprises, organizations or individuals that fund or support the work, 617
GB7713-87
Organizations or individuals that assist in completing the research work and provide convenient conditions, people who make suggestions and provide help in the research work; owners of materials, pictures, documents, research ideas and concepts that are given the right to reprint and quote; other organizations or individuals that should be thanked.
6.7 Reference list
Follow the provisions of GB7714-87 "Rules for the citation of references after the text". 7 Appendix
The appendix is ​​a supplementary item to the main body of the report or paper and is not necessary. 7.1 The following content can be compiled as an appendix after the report or paper, or compiled into a separate volume:. In order to complete the report or paper, but including it in the main text will damage the order and logic of the arrangement, this type of material includes more detailed information than the main text, more in-depth description of research methods and techniques, recommended references, and supplementary information useful for understanding the content of the main text; b. Materials that are too long or taken from copies to be included in the main text; c. Rare and precious materials that are not convenient to be included in the main text; d. Materials that are not necessary for general readers but are of reference value to peers in the same profession; some important original data, mathematical derivations, calculation programs, block diagrams, structural diagrams, notes, statistical tables, computer printouts, etc. 7.2 The appendix and the main text are numbered consecutively. The arrangement of the various serial numbers of each appendix can be found in 4.2 and 16.2.47.3 Each appendix starts on a separate page. If the report or paper is divided into several volumes, all appendices belonging to a certain volume should be placed after the main text of each volume. 8 Ending (if necessary)
In order to quickly store the report or paper in a computer, relevant input data may be provided. Classification index, author index, keyword index, etc. may be compiled. Third cover and back cover (including copyright page).
A.1 Scientific and technical report
Classification number
GB 7713-- 87
Appendix A
Cover example
(Reference)
Scientific and technical report of the Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences
(Title and subtitle)
(Author's name)
Date of completion of work
Date of submission of report
(Publisher, address)
(Date of publication)
A.2 Degree thesis
Classification number
GB 7713-87
Dissertation
(Title and subtitle)
(Author's name)
Name of instructor
Degree level applied for
(Position, title, degree, institution name and address) Major name
Dissertation submission date
Degree-awarding institution and datebzxZ.net
Dissertation defense date
Chair of defense committee
Reviewers
B.1 GB 1434—78
GB 3100—82
GB 3101--82
Symbols for physical quantities.
GB 7713—87
Appendix B
Related standards
(Supplement)
International System of Units and their application.
General principles for quantities, units and symbols. GB 3102.1—82
GB 3102.2—82
GB 3102.3-82
GB 3102.4—82
GB 3102.5—82
GB 3102.6—82
Quantities and units of space and time.
Quantities and units of periods and related phenomena. Quantities and units of mechanics.
Quantities and units of heat.
Quantities and units of electricity and magnetism.
Quantities and units of light and related electromagnetic radiation. GB 3102.7--82
GB 3102.8--82
GB 3102.9—82
GB 3102.10—82
GB 3102.11—82
GB 3102.12—82
GB 3102.13-82
Quantities and units of acoustics.
Quantities and units of physical chemistry and molecular physics. Quantities and units of atomic physics and nuclear physics. Quantities and units of nuclear reactions and ionizing radiation. Mathematical symbols used in physical science and technology. Dimensionless parameters.
Quantities and units in solid physics.
Additional notes:
This standard was proposed by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Documentation Work. This standard was drafted by the Seventh Subcommittee of the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Documentation Work. The main drafter of this standard was Tan Bingyu.
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