This standard specifies the gloss measurement method for daily-use ceramic pigments. This standard applies to general ceramic pigments, but not to ceramic pigments containing fluorescent substances or with metallic luster. GB/T 15614-1995 Gloss measurement method for daily-use ceramic pigments GB/T15614-1995 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Methods for measuring the glossiness of ceramic pigments for daily use
Methods for measuring the glossiness of ceramic pigments GB/T156141995
This standard is not equivalent to the international standard IS02813:1978 "Methods for measuring the 20°60° and 85° specular gloss of non-metallic paint and varnish films".
1 Subject content and scope of application
This standard specifies the method for measuring the glossiness of daily use ceramic pigments (hereinafter referred to as ceramic pigments). This standard is applicable to general ceramic pigments, not to ceramic pigments containing fluorescent substances and with metallic luster. 2 Terminology
2.1 Glossiness
The relative reflectivity of the sample in the specular direction multiplied by 100. 2.2 Relative luminous reflectance The ratio of the luminous flux reflected from a sample to the luminous flux reflected from the surface of a reference standard plate under the same geometric conditions. 2.3 Reference standard plate The black glass with a refractive index of 1.567 and a perfectly polished sodium D line is used as the reference standard plate. 3 Principle
3.1 Under the conditions specified in this method, the relative reflectivity of the ceramic pigment sample to the black glass standard plate is measured, which is the gloss value of the sample. The calculation formula is as follows (1):
Wherein: G—gloss value of the sample;
F,-luminous flux incident on the sample surface in a certain direction, lm; 100.
F,——-luminous flux reflected from the sample surface in a certain direction, lm;-undetermined constant, K=100/0
P.---reflectivity of the standard plate;
-reflectivity of the sample.
3.2 This method specifies three methods for measuring the gloss of ceramic pigments at geometric angles of 20°, 60° and 85°. (1) The 60° geometric angle method is applicable to all ceramic pigments, but the 20° or 85° geometric angle method is more appropriate for ceramic pigments with very high or very low gloss. The 20° geometric angle method is applicable to ceramic pigments with high gloss, i.e., ceramic pigments with gloss higher than 70 units when measured at a 60° geometric angle. The 85° geometric angle method is applicable to ceramic pigments with low gloss, i.e., ceramic pigments with gloss less than 30 units when measured at a 60° geometric angle. 3.3 The gloss value of ceramic pigments specified in this method is measured after the sample color is baked on a white porcelain plate. In order to avoid the influence of coating thickness, white porcelain plate used and baking intensity on glossiness, the same thickness of the sample must be applied on the specified white porcelain plate and baked according to the specified baking specification method.
4 Instruments
4.1 Glossmeter
The glossmeter consists of an incandescent light source, a lens and a receiver that meet certain requirements. The center line of the incident light beam of the glossmeter should be at an angle of 20°±0.5°60°±0.2° or 85°±0.1° to the vertical line of the test surface, and the center line of the receiver should coincide with the mirror image of the center line of the incident light beam. The opening angle of the transmitter and the receiver must comply with Table 1. Table 1 Geometric conditions of emitter and receiver
Emitting angle
20°±0.5
60±0.2”
85°±0.1*
Light source angle
Receiving field angle
Light source angle
Receiving field angle
Light source angle
Receiving field angle
4.2 White porcelain plate (substrate) used for preparing sample In measuring plane
0. 75*±0. 25°
1.80±0.03
0. 75\±0. 25
0. 75±0. 25
4.0°±0.30°
In vertical measuring plane
6. 0°±0. 30
a. The white ceramic plate used for preparing the gloss measurement of ceramic pigments must be glazed on at least one surface, and the glazed surface is used to prepare the measured surface. The entire sample must be flat, without bending, obvious convexity and unevenness, and the glaze surface must be uniform and smooth, without color spots; b. The size of the white porcelain plate is determined by the instrument, and the thickness should not be less than 5mm; C. The glossiness of the glazed surface of the white porcelain plate must be measured before coloring, and the glossiness value of each tile should not exceed 5% of the average value of the white porcelain plates in the group.
4.3 Standard plate
, benchmark standard plate
The benchmark standard plate adopts a highly polished glass plate. The glossiness of black glass with a refractive index of n=1.567 is set to 100. For the glossiness value of the glass standard plate with a known refractive index, the Fresnel equation and the public test (1) can be used to determine its glossiness value. When it has been When the black glass standard plate with known refractive index is very different from the standard value m-1.567, the gloss value is a linear function of the refractive index. For every 0.001 deviation of the refractive index value from the standard value, the gloss values ​​of the polished standard plates with geometric angles of 20°, 60° and 85° are increased or decreased by 0.27, 0.16 and 0.016 respectively. Working standard plate The instrument should be equipped with one high-gloss working standard plate and one medium (or low) gloss working standard plate. The working standard plate is a glazed ceramic plate with a flat surface, no scratches or cracks. The working standard plate should be regularly compared with the base standard plate to calibrate its stability. ℃, the reference standard plate and the working standard plate must be calibrated regularly by the national metrology department. 125
5 Test method
5.1 Preparation of test specimens
GB/T 15614-1995
a. The particle size of the ceramic pigment used to prepare the sample should be such that the particle size of the particle with a diameter less than 15um should be no less than 90%, and the maximum particle size should not exceed 30um
b. According to the method of preparing silk screen ceramic decal paper, mix and adjust the oil-to-material ratio of 0.5:1, use a 280 mesh (sieve size 0.055mm) polyester screen, and carefully print the color dots of the decal paper with a thickness of about 35μm according to the size of the white porcelain plate, and set aside; select several decal papers with uniform color and thickness, cut them, and stick them on the qualified Japanese porcelain plates according to the method of film decal paper. c.
Bake at the specified baking temperature, and select after baking. The sample should be bright in color, uniform in color and bright, and without bubbles inside. d.
The surface should be flat, without sticky dirt, scratches, bursts and other defects. Select a group of samples for each sample for parallel measurement, and take three pieces from each group; e. The sample is generally not pre-treated. In special cases, it shall be pre-treated according to the product technical standards or the conditions agreed upon by the supply and demand parties before testing.
5.2 Test conditions
The room temperature for printing flower paper is 20±2℃ and the relative humidity is (50±25)%. 5.3 Thickness measurement
The color film thickness of printed flower paper is measured by micrometer. 5.4 Gloss measurement methodWww.bzxZ.net
According to the instrument's instruction manual, after the instrument is preheated and stabilized, it is calibrated with a high-gloss working standard plate, and then verified with a medium-gloss or low-gloss working standard plate. If the difference between the instrument's indication and the calibration value of the working standard plate is within 1 gloss unit, the instrument can be measured. Otherwise, it should be readjusted by the manufacturer before use. During operation, the gloss meter needs to be calibrated from time to time to ensure the instrument works stably;
b. After the gloss meter is calibrated, the 60° geometric angle method is first used for measurement. When the gloss of the sample is greater than 70 gloss units or less than 30 gloss units, in order to improve its resolution, the 20° or 85° geometric angle method can be selected. 6 Result calculation and expression
6.1 The gloss value of each sample is read directly by the instrument. The gloss value of each group of samples is expressed as the arithmetic mean of the samples in the group. Keep one digit after the decimal point. The calculation formula is as follows (2): G = (Gi + G + G)/3
Where: G is the gloss value of the group of samples;
Gi, G2, Ga—the gloss value of each sample. · (2)
6.2 The arithmetic mean of each group of samples is taken as the gloss value of the sample. If the gloss value of a single sample is greater than 10% of the average value, the sample is discarded, otherwise the average value and the limit value are recorded. 6.3 Calculate the gloss change according to formula (3) and (4): GoGr × 100
Where: GA--loss gloss; G. —initial gloss (before treatment); GF—l
final gloss (after treatment).
(3)
Where: Ga
-retained gloss.
Test report
The test report shall at least include the following contents:
Indicate reference to or compliance with this standard:
Name of the sample and sample preparation method;
Test results and geometric angles adopted;
GB/T 15614-1995
Specifications, models and manufacturers of instruments: Ge
Clearly indicate the non-compliance with this standard or other methods adopted: measurement date, measurement personnel.
Additional Notes:
This standard was proposed by China Light Industry General Association.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of National Ceramic Standardization Center. This standard was drafted by Shandong Silicic Research and Design Institute. The main drafters of this standard are Li Lun, Yin Xiangdong, Dong Guiying, Tang Yuanqin, and Wang Jizhen. 4)
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