This part of GB/T 20000 specifies the principle that the relationship between product functions and environmental impacts should be considered as a whole in the process of formulating product standards; it summarizes the various ways in which product standards may affect the environment at various stages of the product life cycle; it introduces the technology for determining and assessing the environmental impact of product standards, and the methods for reducing the negative environmental impact caused by product standards. This part is applicable to the drafting of product standards involving environmental content. In order to reflect the diversity of product impacts on the environment, this part may be supplemented by professional standards. GB/T 20000.5-2004 Guide to Standardization Part 5: Environmental Content in Product Standards GB/T20000.5-2004 Standard Download Decompression Password: www.bzxz.net
This part of GB/T 20000 specifies the principle that the relationship between product functions and environmental impacts should be considered as a whole in the process of formulating product standards; it summarizes the various ways in which product standards may affect the environment at various stages of the product life cycle; it introduces the technology for determining and assessing the environmental impact of product standards, and the methods for reducing the negative environmental impact caused by product standards. This part is applicable to the drafting of product standards involving environmental content. In order to reflect the diversity of product impacts on the environment, this part can be supplemented by professional standards.

ICS01.120
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T20000.52004
Guide for standardization--Part 5: Environmental aspects for their inclusion in product standards
(ISO Guide 64:1997.Guide for the inclusion of Environmental aspects in product standards (NEQ)
2004-12-27
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China
2005-07-01 implementation
GB/T20000 standardization work guide is divided into the following parts: Part 1: General vocabulary for standardization and related activities (published) - Part 2: Rules for the adoption of international standards: (published) - Part 3: Rules for referenced documents (published) - Part 4: Safety-related contents in standards: (published) Part 5: Environmental-related contents in product standards. (published) GB/T20000.5—2004
This part is the fifth part of GB/T20000. The consistency of this part with ISO Guide 64:1997 "Guidelines for environmental contents in product standards" (English version) is not equivalent. This part is redrafted according to ISO Guide 64:1997. This part adopts all the technical contents of ISO Guide 64:1997, but makes some minor adjustments to its text structure. GBT20000 is one of the national standards in the series of guidelines and writing rules for standardization work. The following lists the expected structure of these national standards and their corresponding international standards, guidelines, and national standards to be replaced: a) GB/T1 "Guidelines for Standardization Work". It is divided into: Part 1: Structure and writing rules of standards (ISO/EC Guide Part 3, replacing GB/T1.1-1993, GB/T1.2-1996) (published)
Part 2: Methods for determining the content of normative technical elements in standards (ISO/IEC Guide Part 2·Replacing GB/T1.3-1997, GB/T1.7-1988) : (published) Part 3: Technical work procedures (ISO/IEC Guide Part 1, replacing GB/T16738-1997). b) GB/T200C0 "Guidelines for Standardization Work" is divided into: +
Part 1: Common vocabulary for standardization and related activities (ISO/IEC Guide 2, replacing GB/T3935.1-1996); (published)
Part 2: Rules for the adoption of international standards (ISO/IEC Guide 21): (published) Part 3: Referenced documents (replaces GB/T1.22-1993): (published) Part 4: Safety-related contents in standards (ISO/IEC Guide 51): (published) Part 5: Environmental contents in product standards (ISO Guide 64). (Published) c) GB/T20091 "Rules for Writing Standards", divided into Part 1: Terminology (ISO10241. Replaces GB/T1.61997): (Published) Part 2: Symbols (Replaces GB/T1.5-1988): (Published) Part 3: Information Classification and Coding (Replaces GB/T7026-1986) (Published) Part 4: Chemical Analysis Methods (ISO78-2. Replaces GB/T1.4-1988): (Published) - Part 5: Mandatory Standards.
Appendix A of this part is an informative appendix
This part is proposed by China National Institute of Standardization. This part is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Principles and Methods Direct Working Group (SAC/WG3) of the National Standardization Administration. Drafting units of this part: China National Institute of Standardization, China Electronics Technology Standardization Institute, China Machinery Productivity Promotion Center. The main drafters of this part: Feng Zhenghu, Bai Huiyi, Lu Xilin, Qiang Yi, Wei Mian. 1
GB/T20000.5—2004
Each product will have an impact on the environment during its manufacture, sale, use or disposal. The degree of impact ranges from mild to severe. The duration of the impact may be short-term or long-term, and the scope of impact may be local, regional or even global. Product standard clauses can significantly change the degree of the above environmental impacts. This part of GB/T20000 is formulated to: raise awareness that product standard clauses can affect the environment; clarify the relationship between product standards and the environment to avoid negative environmental impacts caused by product standards. This part emphasizes that during the formulation of product standards, determining environmental factors is a complex process and requires weighing various equally important considerations. It is recommended to use the life cycle principle and recognized scientific and technological methods to determine the environmental aspects of products to be standardized. 1 Scope
Guidelines for standardization
Part 5: Environmental aspects of product standards GB/T20000.5-2004
This part of GB/T20000 specifies the principles for the overall consideration of the relationship between product functions and environmental impacts in the process of formulating product standards: it summarizes the various ways in which product standards may affect the environment at various stages of the product life cycle: it introduces the techniques for determining and assessing the environmental impact of product standards, as well as methods for reducing the negative environmental impact caused by product standards. This part applies to the drafting of product standards involving environmental content. In order to reflect the diversity of product impacts on the environment, this part may be supplemented by professional standards.
2 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this part of GB/T20000. 2.1
environmental aspect
Environmental aspect
-Elements of an organization's activities, products or services that can interact with the environment. Note: Significant environmental factors are those that have or are capable of producing significant environmental impacts. [GB/T24001-1996. Definition 3.3]
environmental impact
Environmental impact
Any harmful or beneficial change to the environment caused in whole or in part by the activities, products or services of an organization. [GB/T24001-1996. Definition 3.4]
lifecycle
Life cycle
A series of successive stages in a product system, from the acquisition of raw materials or the generation of natural resources to final disposal. GB/T24040-1999, Definition 3.8
Pollution preventionprevention of pollutionThe adoption of various processes, practices, materials or products to avoid, reduce or control pollution, which may include recycling, treatment, process changes, control mechanisms, efficient use of resources and material substitution. Note: The potential benefits of pollution prevention include reducing harmful environmental impacts, improving efficiency and reducing costs. [GB/T240011996, definition 3.13]
Product standard productstandard
A standard that specifies the requirements that a product should meet to ensure its suitability. Note 1: In addition to the requirements for suitability, product standards may also include requirements such as terminology, sampling, testing, packaging and labeling directly or indirectly through reference, and sometimes process requirements. Note 2! Product standards can be divided into complete standards and incomplete standards according to whether they specify all or part of the necessary requirements. Similarly, product standards can be divided into other different categories of standards, such as dimensional standards, material standards and delivery technical general rules standards. 1
GB/T20000.52004
[GB/T20000.1—2002 definition 2.5.4
3 General
3.1 Every product has an impact on the environment. These impacts may occur at any or all stages of the product life cycle and may be local, regional or global, or a combination of the three. 3.2 Predicting or determining the environmental impact of a product is very complex, and sometimes it is difficult to find the causal relationship between the direct impact of the product on the environment. In this case, it is possible to obtain results by assuming that the product has a specific impact on the environment at any or all stages of its life cycle. Despite the difficulties, the environmental impact of the product should be considered when formulating product standards, and the use of methods to prevent pollution, protect resources and other methods to reduce adverse environmental impacts should be considered. In addition, the expected use of the product and reasonably foreseeable misuse should also be considered. 3.3. Consider the environmental impact of products while considering the balance with other factors, such as product function, performance safety and health, cost, marketability and quality, and also consider compliance with laws and regulations. 3.4 Due to the rapid technological innovation, when new knowledge can significantly reduce adverse environmental impacts, product standards should be reviewed.
3.5 If product standards are too restrictive, it may inhibit technological innovation and deviate from the original intention of improving the environment. 4. Impact of product standards on the environment
4.1 When formulating product standards, it is very important to confirm how products affect the environment at different stages of their life cycle. To some extent, the specific terms of the product standard will determine the relevant environmental factors unique to the products covered by the standard. In order to avoid excessive or ineffective use of raw materials or energy, product requirements should not be too loose, and too loose terms should not be too strict than what is needed for the product's life cycle. Conversely, product standard requirements may lead to frequent product changes. 4.2 Specifications such as descriptive requirements or performance requirements will affect the choice of process and production equipment during the design and production of new or modified products. The various choices made at all stages of the product life cycle (e.g., choice of raw materials, production stages, etc.) may have an impact on a) the design and outputs associated with the production process; b) the inputs and outputs associated with packaging, transportation, storage and use; e) reuse and recycling options, including recycling or energy recovery of products, and the ease of repair and restoration of products; d) disposal options for products and related waste. The environmental impacts of these choices vary. The environmental impacts of all products at all stages of their life cycle may not be the same.
4.3 Since the environmental impacts of products are usually interrelated, arbitrarily emphasizing a single environmental impact may change the environmental impacts of other stages in the product life cycle or trigger other environmental factors locally, regionally or globally. 5 Inputs and outputs to be considered in formulating product standards 5.1 Overview
The environmental impact of a product depends largely on the inputs and outputs of all stages of the product life cycle. Changing any single input (such as changing the raw materials and energy used) or changing a single output may affect other inputs and outputs. See Figure 1.2
5.2 Input
Product concept/requirements
Safety and health
Far-reaching standards
Strategies and technologies for environmental improvement
Resource protection
Pollution prevention
Environmental design
Product standards
Product life cycle
Raw material procurement
Use/reuse/recycling/maintenance
Environmental impact
Resource consumptionwwW.bzxz.Net
Smoke perception
Thunderbolt treatment|| tt||Climate change
Changes in habitats for plants and animals
Reduction in biodiversity
Product design
Material selection
Energy efficiency
GB/T20000.5-2004
-Material utilization
Maintainability
Recyclability
Reuse
Other emissions
Figure 1 Conceptual relationship between product standards and product-related environmental impacts during the product life cycle Inputs are divided into two categories: materials and energy. 5.2.1 Material inputs in raw material procurement, manufacturing, transportation (including handling and storage), use or maintenance, reuse or recycling, and product disposal can generate a variety of environmental impacts. In addition, material inputs used in product development need to be considered. These impacts include the depletion of renewable and non-renewable resources, harmful land use, and exposure of the environment or humans to hazardous substances. In addition, material inputs can also be associated with waste, waste gas, waste water and other emissions. 5.2.2 Energy input is required at most stages of the product life cycle. Energy includes fossil fuels, nuclear energy, recycled waste, hydropower, geothermal, solar energy, wind energy and other energy sources, each of which has its own environmental impact. 3
GB/T20000.5—2004
5.3 Output
The output during the product life cycle usually includes the product itself, intermediate products and by-products, as well as waste gas, waste water, waste and other emissions. 5.3.1 Waste gas includes gas, steam or particulate matter discharged into the atmosphere. Toxic, corrosive, flammable, explosive, acidic or odorous emissions will have harmful effects on plants, animals, humans and buildings, or cause other environmental impacts, such as depleting the oxygen in the stratosphere or forming smog. Waste gas emissions include point source emissions and diffuse source emissions, treated and untreated emissions, and normal emissions and accidental emissions. 5.3.2 Wastewater includes substances discharged into a water source (surface water or groundwater). Discharges that are nutrient or toxic, corrosive, radioactive, persistent, cumulative or oxygen-depleting can cause adverse environmental impacts, including various types of pollution of aquatic ecosystems and undesirable eutrophication of natural waters. Wastewater discharges include point and diffuse source discharges, treated and untreated discharges, and normal and accidental discharges. 5.3.3 Wastes include solid wastes, liquid wastes and products that require disposal. Wastes may be generated at all stages of the product life cycle. Waste recycling, treatment, recovery or disposal technologies are associated with further inputs and outputs, which may also be associated with adverse environmental impacts. 5.3.4 Other emissions include discharges of pollutants, noise and vibration, radiation and waste heat. 6 Techniques for determining and assessing environmental impacts
6.1 Accurately determining and assessing how the provisions of a product standard contribute to the environmental impact of a product is very complex and requires careful consideration and may require consultation with experts. Typical techniques for determining and assessing the environmental impact of products are being developed. Although a full understanding of these techniques and their limitations requires extensive experience and research in the field of environmental science, an understanding of these techniques generally provides an understanding of how the provisions of product standards affect the environment. ISO and IEC have established preliminary guidelines on how to accurately determine and assess the impact of product standard provisions on the environmental impact of products. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Environmental Impact Assessment (EiA) are two examples. A brief introduction to these two techniques is given in Appendix A. 6.2 The practicality of various techniques for determining and assessing the environmental impact of products varies, depending on the product and the field in which the product is involved. As long as the technology is not applied properly or in a simplified form, it may produce incomplete or distorted reflections of the environmental impact of the product concerned and the resulting package solutions.
7 Relationship between product standards and environmental improvement strategies and technologies 7.1 General
Product standards can be both progressive and detrimental to environmental improvement. Unless there are important reasons (such as health and safety or product performance) for specifying the materials to be used in a product, product standards should avoid such specification whenever possible. Specifying materials may hinder innovation and prevent the development of new ways to use other materials to reduce adverse environmental impacts. For example, the provisions of product standards should not prevent the appropriate use of recycled or regenerated materials: if materials need to be specified, the environmental impacts of using the specified materials at all stages of the product life cycle should be considered.
In the preparation of product standards, strategies and technologies for improving the environment can be reflected through resource conservation, pollution prevention and environmental design. 7.2 Resource Conservation
7.2.1 Resource consumption has more important environmental impacts than those associated with resource acquisition and use. Resource consumption refers to the process by which natural resource reserves are reduced. Generally speaking, the less depleted resources are consumed, the better: renewable resources can be replenished at a fairly high rate. For example, most biological populations, forest resources and soil fertility. However, human activities can affect the rate of replenishment of biological populations, resulting in a serious reduction in biological populations. As for non-renewable resources, the possibility of replenishment is very small based on human life span. For example, mineral deposits, fossil fuels and biodiversity can all be considered non-renewable resources.
7.2.2 Energy conservation is related to several factors, including the environmental impact of various energy sources, the conversion efficiency of the selected energy and the effective use of energy. There may be significant environmental trade-offs between energy sources. 7.3 Pollution Prevention
7.3.1 Human and industrial activities lead to emissions into the atmosphere, land and/or water. Some methods for reducing these emissions include GB/T20000.5-2004
Reduction of emission sources, use of alternative materials, recycling, reuse, recovery and treatment methods for reducing pollution and (or emissions) have been widely accepted. 7.3.2 There are many types of emissions that may cause environmental impacts. There is currently no international consensus on the characteristics and assessment of these environmental impacts. Impacts of concern include climate change, ozone depletion, changes in the habitats of animals and plants, impacts on biodiversity and other long-term impacts. When dealing with these issues, standard drafters should consider using industry-specific expertise and precautions. 7.4 Environmental Design
Some developing technologies, such as Design for Environment (DFE), involve resources. Source protection and pollution prevention aspects are being applied to various product areas. Therefore, when developing product standards, standard drafters should be aware of these technologies, such as various methods and approaches for environmental design (DFE) as part of product concepts, requirements and designs. Relevant factors to be considered include material selection, material and energy efficiency, reuse, repairability, disassembly design and recyclability design. Note: For more information on DFE in the electrical industry, see EC Guide 109:1995 Annex C (Electrical Industry Environmental Design (DFE Principles Guide) 5
GB/T20000.5-2004
Annex A
(Informative Annex
ISO Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and IEC Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Introduction A. 1 Introduction to ISO Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) The standardization object of the Life Cycle Assessment Subcommittee of the ISO/TC2O7/SC5 Environmental Management Technical Committee is LCA technology. The "Principles and Framework for Life Cycle Assessment of Environmental Management" compiled by the subcommittee has been published as ISO14040:1997. This standard has been adopted by my country as GB/T240401999 "Principles and Framework for Life Cycle Assessment of Environmental Management"
LCA evaluates the environmental factors and potential impacts related to products through the following methods to prepare a list of inputs and outputs of the system:
Evaluate the environmental impacts related to inputs and outputs: Explain and study the results of the meaningful list and impact stage. LCA studies the entire life cycle of the product from the purchase of raw materials to the production, use and disposal of the product. ) and their potential impacts. Environmental considerations that need to be considered usually include resource use, human health and ecological impacts. LCA can support: Opportunities to improve product environmental factors at all stages of the product life cycle: Decision-making by industry, government or non-governmental organizations (e.g. strategic planning, determination of priorities; product or process design or redesign); Selection of relevant performance indicators and their measurement technologies, such as environmental declarations, eco-labeling schemes or environmental product declarations GB/T2pL Considering that ICA is still in its early stages of development, some steps of LCA (e.g. environmental impact assessment) are still in the early stages of research. To further improve the level of LCA methods, a lot of work still needs to be done to accumulate practical experience. Therefore, it is very important to understand and apply the results of LOA appropriately. A.2 Introduction to IEC Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Another technique for product environmental evaluation is IEC Guide 109:1995 Annex B "Guide to the Principles of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the Electrical Industry" describes the CEIA. According to IEC, EIA can be used to study environmental issues in product standards. It helps to propose environmentally satisfactory product requirements, including environmental compatibility, reuse and disposal of such products. The materials and substances used in products are also crucial to the recyclability and appropriateness of the products at the end of their life cycle. 6
References
GB/T 20000.5—2004
11GB/T 20000.1-2002 Guide to standardization work Part 1: General vocabulary for standardization and related activities (ISO/IEC Guide 2:1996. Standardization and related activities General vocabulary, MOD) 6 Environmental management system specifications and guidance for use (idt ISO 14001:1996) [2] IGB/T 24001:1996
[3GB/T 24040-1999
9 Principles and framework for life cycle assessment of environmental management (idt ISO 14040:1997) [4] IEC Guide 109:1995, Environmental a laspects—Inclusion in electrotechnical engineering productstandardsPeople's Republic of China
National Standard
Guide to Standardization Work
Part 5: Environmental Contents in Product Standards GB/T20000.52004
Published and Distributed by China Standards Press
No. 16, Sanlihebei Street, Fuxingmenwai, Beijing
Postal Code: 100045
Website: bzcbs.com
Tel: 6852394668517548
China Standards Press Printed by the Qinhuangdao Printing Factory of the Press and distributed by Xinhua Bookstores in various places
Format 880×12301/16
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First printing in February 2005
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Report telephone number: (010) 685335331 Introduction to ISO Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) The standardization object of the Life Cycle Assessment Subcommittee of ISO/TC207/SC5 Environmental Management Technical Committee is LCA technology. The "Principles and Framework for Life Cycle Assessment of Environmental Management" compiled by the subcommittee has been published as ISO14040:1997. This standard has been adopted by my country as GB/T240401999 "Principles and Framework for Life Cycle Assessment of Environmental Management"
LCA evaluates the environmental factors and potential impacts related to products through the following methods:
Evaluate the environmental impacts related to inputs and outputs: Interpret and study the results of the meaningful list and impact phase. LCA studies the environmental factors and their potential impacts of the entire life cycle of the product, from raw material procurement to product production, use and disposal. Environmental factors that need to be considered usually include resource utilization, human health and ecological impacts. LCA can support: Opportunities to improve the environmental aspects of products at all stages of the product life cycle: Decision-making by industry, government or non-governmental organizations (e.g. strategic planning, setting priorities for product or process design or redesign); Selection of relevant performance indicators and their measurement techniques, such as environmental claims, eco-labelling schemes or environmental product claims. Considering that ICA is still in its early stages of development, some steps of LCA (e.g. environmental impact assessment) are still in the early stages of research. There is still a lot of work to be done to further improve the level of LCA methods and accumulate practical experience. Therefore, it is very important to understand and apply the results of LCA appropriately. A.2 Introduction to IEC Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Another technique for product environmental assessment is IEC Guide 109:1995 Annex B Guide to Principles of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the Electrical Industry CEIA. According to IEC, EIA can be used to study environmental issues in product standards. The determination helps to formulate environmentally satisfactory product requirements, including the environmental compatibility, reuse and disposal of such products. The materials and substances used in products are also crucial to the recyclability and appropriateness of the products at the end of their life cycle. 6
References
GB/T 20000.5—2004
11GB/T 20000.1-2002 Guide to standardization work Part 1: General vocabulary for standardization and related activities (ISO/IEC Guide 2:1996. Standardization and related activities General vocabulary, MOD) 6 Environmental management system specifications and guidance for use (idt ISO 14001:1996) [2] IGB/T 24001:1996
[3GB/T 24040-1999
9 Principles and framework for life cycle assessment of environmental management (idt ISO 14040:1997) [4] IEC Guide 109:1995, Environmental a laspects—Inclusion in electrotechnical engineering productstandardsPeople's Republic of China
National Standard
Guide to Standardization Work
Part 5: Environmental Contents in Product Standards GB/T20000.52004
Published and Distributed by China Standards Press
No. 16, Sanlihebei Street, Fuxingmenwai, Beijing
Postal Code: 100045
Website: bzcbs.com
Tel: 6852394668517548
China Standards Press Printed by the Qinhuangdao Printing Factory of the Press and distributed by Xinhua Bookstores in various places
Format 880×12301/16
Printing sheet 0.75 Word count 15,000 words
First edition in February 2005
First printing in February 2005
Book number: 155066·1-22258
3Price 10.00 yuan
Replaced by the Publishing Center of the Press
If there is any printing error
Copyright infringement will be investigated
Report telephone number: (010) 685335331 Introduction to ISO Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) The standardization object of the Life Cycle Assessment Subcommittee of ISO/TC207/SC5 Environmental Management Technical Committee is LCA technology. The "Principles and Framework for Life Cycle Assessment of Environmental Management" compiled by the subcommittee has been published as ISO14040:1997. This standard has been adopted by my country as GB/T240401999 "Principles and Framework for Life Cycle Assessment of Environmental Management"
LCA evaluates the environmental factors and potential impacts related to products through the following methods:
Evaluate the environmental impacts related to inputs and outputs: Interpret and study the results of the meaningful list and impact phase. LCA studies the environmental factors and their potential impacts of the entire life cycle of the product, from raw material procurement to product production, use and disposal. Environmental factors that need to be considered usually include resource utilization, human health and ecological impacts. LCA can support: Opportunities to improve the environmental aspects of products at all stages of the product life cycle: Decision-making by industry, government or non-governmental organizations (e.g. strategic planning, setting priorities for product or process design or redesign); Selection of relevant performance indicators and their measurement techniques, such as environmental claims, eco-labelling schemes or environmental product claims. Considering that ICA is still in its early stages of development, some steps of LCA (e.g. environmental impact assessment) are still in the early stages of research. There is still a lot of work to be done to further improve the level of LCA methods and accumulate practical experience. Therefore, it is very important to understand and apply the results of LCA appropriately. A.2 Introduction to IEC Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Another technique for product environmental assessment is IEC Guide 109:1995 Annex B Guide to Principles of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the Electrical Industry CEIA. According to IEC, EIA can be used to study environmental issues in product standards. The determination helps to formulate environmentally satisfactory product requirements, including the environmental compatibility, reuse and disposal of such products. The materials and substances used in products are also crucial to the recyclability and appropriateness of the products at the end of their life cycle. 6
References
GB/T 20000.5—2004
11GB/T 20000.1-2002 Guide to standardization work Part 1: General vocabulary for standardization and related activities (ISO/IEC Guide 2:1996. Standardization and related activities General vocabulary, MOD) 6 Environmental management system specifications and guidance for use (idt ISO 14001:1996) [2] IGB/T 24001:1996
[3GB/T 24040-1999
9 Principles and framework for life cycle assessment of environmental management (idt ISO 14040:1997) [4] IEC Guide 109:1995, Environmental a laspects—Inclusion in electrotechnical engineering productstandardsPeople's Republic of China
National Standard
Guide to Standardization Work
Part 5: Environmental Contents in Product Standards GB/T20000.52004
Published and Distributed by China Standards Press
No. 16, Sanlihebei Street, Fuxingmenwai, Beijing
Postal Code: 100045
Website: bzcbs.com
Tel: 6852394668517548
China Standards Press Printed by the Qinhuangdao Printing Factory of the Press and distributed by Xinhua Bookstores in various places
Format 880×12301/16
Printing sheet 0.75 Word count 15,000 words
First edition in February 2005
First printing in February 2005
Book number: 155066·1-22258
3Price 10.00 yuan
Replaced by the Publishing Center of the Press
If there is any printing error
Copyright infringement will be investigated
Report telephone number: (010) 68533533
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