This standard specifies the diagnosis and treatment of radiation workers who have excessive intake of radionuclides. This standard applies to radiation workers who have excessive intake of radionuclides. Personnel who have excessive intake of radionuclides due to non-occupational reasons can also refer to this standard for diagnosis and treatment. GBZ 96-2002 Diagnosis standard for internal radiation sickness GBZ96-2002 standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

ICS13.100
National Occupational Health Standard of the People's Republic of China GBZ96—2002
Diagnostic criteria for radiation sickness from internal exposure2002—04—08Published
Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China
Implementation on 2002—06—01
Chapter 2 of this standard is mandatory, and the rest are recommended. GBZ96-2002
This standard is specially formulated in accordance with the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases. In case of any inconsistency between the original standard GB8284-1987 and this standard, this standard shall prevail. Appendices A and B of this standard are informative appendices. This standard is proposed and managed by the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China. Drafting units of this standard: 417 Hospital of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry, Beijing Landauer Radiation Detection Technology Company, the Seventh Institute of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry, and the Institute of Radiation Medicine of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. The main drafters of this standard: Bai Guang, Jiang Enhai (written) This standard is interpreted by the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China. 2
1 Scope
Diagnosis standard for internal radiation sickness
GBZ96-2002
This standard specifies the diagnosis and treatment of radiation workers with excessive intake of radionuclides. This standard applies to radiation workers with excessive intake of radionuclides. Personnel with non-occupational excessive intake of radionuclides can also refer to this standard for diagnosis and treatment. 2 Diagnostic standards
2.1 It is confirmed by physical, chemical and other means that excessive radionuclides have entered the human body, causing the exposure to meet one of the following conditions:
2.1.1 Radionuclides that enter the human body once or in a short period of time (several days) cause the whole body to be irradiated evenly or relatively evenly in a short period of time (several months), so that the effective cumulative dose equivalent may be greater than 1.0Sv, and there are personal dose files and health files. 2.1.2 Over a considerable period of time, radionuclides enter the body multiple times; or radionuclides with a long effective half-life enter the body once or multiple times, causing the body's intake of radionuclides to exceed the corresponding annual intake limit by more than dozens of times.
2.2 The clinical manifestations of internal radiation sickness may be mainly systemic manifestations similar to those of acute radiation sickness from external exposure; or mainly damage to the target organs of the radionuclide, and are often accompanied by damage manifestations of the initial route of entry of the radionuclide into the body.
The aforementioned clinical manifestations may occur in the early (within a few weeks) and/or late (months to years) stages of the initial entry of the radionuclide into the human body.
2.2.1 The clinical manifestations and laboratory findings of internal radiation sickness caused by radionuclides that are evenly or relatively evenly distributed throughout the body are similar to those of external radiation sickness, and may have atypical initial reactions, hematopoietic disorders, and neurasthenia syndrome.
2.2.2 Selectively distributed radionuclides have target organ damage as the main clinical manifestation, accompanied by systemic manifestations such as neurasthenia syndrome and hematopoietic dysfunction. Target organ damage varies depending on the type of radionuclide: A. Hypothyroidism and thyroid nodule formation caused by radioactive iodine. B. Osteoporosis and pathological fractures caused by bone-attaching radionuclides such as radium and cyclopentane. C. Damage to the reticuloendothelial system caused by rare earth elements and radionuclides that enter the body in the form of colloids GBZ96—2002
3. Treatment principles
3.1 Provide timely and correct initial medical treatment for those who have excessive radionuclides entering the body. 3.2 Strengthen nutrition and pay attention to rest. When necessary, the accelerated discharge of radionuclides and comprehensive symptomatic treatment should be planned.
3.3 Get rid of contact with radionuclides.
Appendix A
(Informative Appendix)
GBZ96-2002
A.1 Internal contamination of radionuclides: refers to the amount of radionuclides in the human body exceeding their natural existence.
A.2 Internal exposure: refers to the exposure of the human body to radionuclides as a radiation source that enters the body.
Target organ: refers to the organ (or tissue) that absorbs ionizing radiation. A.4 Effective half-lifetime (Te): refers to the time required for the total amount of a certain specified radionuclide in a biological system to be reduced to half due to the combined effect of radioactive decay and biological excretion, approximately according to the exponential law. A.5 Radiation sickness from internal exposure: refers to systemic diseases caused by internal exposure. There are both systemic manifestations caused by ionizing radiation and damage to the target organ of the radionuclide.
A.6 Non-stochastic effect: refers to the effect that the severity of the power radiation effect varies with the size of the exposure dose. There may be a dose threshold for this effect. Internal radiation sickness is a non-stochastic effect.
A.7 Malignancy: refers to the consequence of radiation carcinogenesis. Including all malignant conditions including leukemia and solid cancer.
A.8 Annual limit of intake (ALI): refers to the amount of radionuclides ingested into the body within one year, which reaches the annual dose equivalent limit of occupational exposure to the reference person. A.9 Effective committed dose equivalent: refers to the sum of the products of the dose equivalents that will be accumulated by the tissues (or organs) at risk during a lifetime of 50 years of work after a single intake of a certain radionuclide and the corresponding weighting factors. A.10 Acceleration of radionuclides: refers to the treatment measures taken to promote the excretion of radionuclides that have entered the body. It includes the use of various drugs and methods to prevent the absorption and deposition of radionuclides, and to promote the excretion of radionuclides that have been deposited in tissues or organs. 5www.bzxz.net
GBZ96—2002
Appendix B
(Informative Appendix)
B.1 Internal radiation sickness is an extremely rare disease. Its diagnosis first requires confirmation of the relatively high radiation dose caused by the radionuclide in a short period of time; secondly, there must be characteristic effects caused by the radionuclide; thirdly, there must be systemic manifestations similar to external radiation sickness. Only after comprehensive analysis can a diagnosis be made. B.2 Internal radiation sickness is a non-random effect, and there is a dose threshold for disease. However, due to the lack of practical experience, it is difficult to give a quantitative answer. Referring to the reading dose of external radiation sickness, the effective committed dose equivalent of internal radiation sickness should be greater than 1.0Sv.
Internal contamination of radionuclides is the basis and premise of internal radiation sickness. However, internal contamination of radionuclides is not B.3
internal radiation sickness. Preventing internal contamination of radionuclides and taking timely and effective medical treatment for it are effective prevention of internal radiation sickness.
Patients with internal radiation sickness caused by occupational reasons shall be handled in accordance with relevant national regulations. B.4
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