This part of GB/T 20528 establishes the basic principles of ergonomic requirements for work based on flat-panel visual displays. This part applies to displays used when flat-panel technology is applied to office and similar work. GB/T 20528.1-2006 Ergonomic requirements for work based on flat-panel visual displays Part 1: Overview GB/T20528.1-2006 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net
This part of GB/T 20528 establishes the basic principles of ergonomic requirements for work based on flat-panel visual displays. This part applies to displays used when flat-panel technology is applied to office and similar work.

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GB/T 20528.12006/IS0 13406-1:1999 Ergonomic requirements for work with visual displays based on flat paneis--Part 1: Introduction
(IS0 13406-1:1999, IDT)
2006-10-09 Issued
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China Standardization Administration of China
2007-03-01 Implementation
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GB/T20528.1—2006/1S013406-1:1999GB/T20528\Ergonomic requirements for working with flat panel displays" is to be divided into the following two parts: Part 1: Overview;
Part 2: Ergonomic requirements for flat panel displays. This part is Part 1 of GB/T20528. This part is equivalent to IS013406-1:1999 Ergonomic requirements for working with flat panel visual displays Part 1: Overview (English version), and is drafted based on the translation of 1S013406-1:1999. This part is proposed by the China National Institute of Standardization. This part is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Ergonomics Standardization. Drafting units of this part: China National Institute of Standardization, Tsinghua University, Lenovo Group, Air Force Aviation Medicine Research Institute, General Logistics Department Military Equipment Research Institute.
Main drafters of this part: Chen Yuanqiao, Ran Linghua, Li Zhizhong, Ye Sheng, Yang Wanli, Zhang Xin, Guo Xiaochao, Chen Baihong, Chen Yuhong. J
GB/T 20528.1—2006/ISO 13406-1:1999 Introduction
GB/T 20528 describes the ergonomic issues that should be considered when using flat panel visual displays. GB/T 20528 is based on the ergonomic principles and principles described in GB/T18978. The development of ISO9241-3:1992 shows that the use of the same ergonomic principles can also lead to different methods and specifications for flat panels. GB/T 20528 was developed for three reasons: when flat panel visual displays replace traditional CRT-based visual display terminals (VDTs), GB/T18978 is sometimes insufficient to a) ensure that the display meets basic screen front ergonomic requirements; b) the measurement methods of GB/T18978 are sometimes not suitable to highlight the characteristics of flat panel visual displays; c) GB/T18978 is aimed at office work, while GB/T20528 covers a wider range of uses and applications. The following should be considered for specific panels:
- Image turbulence (leading to the possibility of independent defects); optical properties that are highly dependent on viewing direction (leading to the need to keep a detailed description of the viewing direction during the assessment); - slow response time of the photoelectric effect (leading to relevant problems when the dynamic characteristics of the image are very important to image performance and viewing suitability);
- Panels that electronically change the reflective properties of the image elements (leading to the complexity of the assessment). GB/T 20528 gives physical requirements based on ergonomic research models and physical measurement protocols to provide continuous compliance judgments where appropriate. In ISO 9241-3, ISO 9241-7 and ISO 9241-8, sometimes an alternative decision method is appropriate and necessary. All three standards contain annexes on visual performance tests. These test methods target readability in the presence of unwanted reflections on the readability screen and the discernibility of tremolo colors. When these tests are recognized, they will provide an alternative means to determine compliance. These tests (with modifications or as appropriate for the specific environment of the flat panel) can be used to determine compliance with ISO 13406-2.
ISO 13406-2 addresses the ergonomics of direct-view flat panel displays. It covers the ergonomic topics of ISO 9241-3, ISO 9241-7 and ISO 9241-8. The requirements and measurements in ISO 13406-2 are for flat panels with uniformly spaced and structured pixels. In addition, the panel should be large enough to display at least three test targets, each of at least 400 pixels, without overlapping targets. 87
Figure 1 Segment display
Figure 1 illustrates an example of a direct-view flat panel display construction that cannot be evaluated according to ISO 13406-2. This is because each pixel has a specific size and shape to represent a specific part of a mathematical symbol. This type of display is called a segment display.
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GB/T 20528.1—2006/IS013406-11999 Direction
Figure 2 Display with fixed spacing
Figure 2 illustrates another direct view flat panel display configuration that cannot be evaluated according to ISO 13406-2. This is because the pixels of the configuration are not evenly distributed. For economic reasons, the pixel positions between character rows and columns are omitted. For such flat panels, measurement criteria are difficult to obtain.
1 Scope
GB/T 20528.1—2006/1S0 13406-1:1999 Ergonomic requirements for working with flat panel visual displays Part 1: Overview This standard establishes the basic principles for ergonomic requirements for working with flat panel visual displays. This standard applies to displays used in office and similar work using flat panel technology. 2 Normative references
The clauses in the following documents become the references of this part through reference in this part of G/T 20528. For dated references, all subsequent amendments (excluding errors) or revisions are not applicable to this part. However, parties to agreements based on this part are encouraged to study the latest versions of these documents. For undated references, the latest versions apply to this part.
GR/T 18978.11+2004 Ergonomics requirements for office work using visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 11: Usability guide (ISO 9241-11:1998.117T)
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this part. 3.1
Flat rate]
A flat display with a radius of curvature greater than 2m for displaying information. Its surface includes an active area consisting of a measured array of electronically variable independent picture elements (picture wires) in rows and columns. 4 Basic principles
4.1 Suitability for use
When visual direction is important, the requirements contained in ISO 9241-3 cannot fully ensure the usability of visual displays (including: effectiveness, efficiency, comfort and acceptability. See (L/T18978.11-2004 Chapter 3 definition) For example: Even an unsatisfactory visual display may be assessed as compliant with ISO 9241-3 if it is judged according to ISO 9241-3. Therefore, for the screen, the contrast cannot be judged as normal according to ISO 9241-3. Sometimes, the folding method applicable to CRT display screens is not applicable or subject to many restrictions when used for flat panels. For example, in some flat panels, the constraints of visual force direction and the selection of specific colors or gray levels will interact with each other. Under high-light environmental conditions, the tolerance of reflective and transflective flat panel displays is better than that of CRT and active luminous flat panel displays. Sometimes, usability also requires fast image information display time (for example: flashing or tracking of fast cursor movement). 4.2 Matters to be considered when measuring
When viewing direction is important (applicable to LCDs), the viewing direction and logical state of the visual target need to be specified separately to allow reliable and repeatable measurement of the effects of ambient illumination and brightness. Differences in such specifications are particularly relevant for measurements of brightness, contrast, color, and coefficients used to evaluate the anti-reflection adaptability of displays. Timing-related issues, such as the ability of a display to quickly switch images to track intended cursor movements or to appear flicker-free, sometimes depend on logical state and/or viewing direction, and measurements need to account for these special circumstances. NOTE 1 Most CRT-based displays and some flat-panel-based displays are similar to printed films. The image does not change significantly over the normal range of viewing directions. For these displays, the normal (perpendicular) direction to the central surface of the specific display target is the usual and sufficient direction to meet the requirements when the characteristics are measured in only one direction. This best case is considered in GB/T 18978. 1
GB/T20528.1—2006/150 13406-1:1999HiiKAoNiKAca
Property 2: When the display screen or printed material is observed outside the normal range, the characters appear geometrically shortened. When the viewing angle is 40\, the characters are shortened by about 25%. For displays used by single people, the visual consistency beyond the 80 viewing angle is not required, because in this case, even printed materials will have more serious visual deviation problems. 1SO 9241-3:1992, 5.3 describes this situation. Note 3, GB/T18978 does not mention the photoelectric change of the reflection coefficient, nor does it mention the relationship between the reflection coefficient and the azimuth (the visual direction of the image plane).
NOTE 4: What the user sees on many flat panel based computer displays is highly dependent on viewing direction. Because brightness, contrast, and color points vary significantly with viewing direction, and the resulting display effects vary accordingly, special handling is required for such displays when measuring. Ergonomic studies are intended to provide a visual orientation specification centered on the design visual orientation that has been verified (and available) by all applicable specifications. Although such panels fully comply with ISO 9241-3, they may not necessarily be satisfactory in terms of usability and/or viewing comfort. Explanation of this consideration reflects the major sections that necessitate deviations from the basic principles of ISO 9241-3, ISO 241-7, and ISO 9241-8.
NOTE 5: Some flat panel display technologies exhibit unique time dependencies of optical performance. Two important aspects to consider are pixel memory and significantly longer imaging time. The former complicates flash evaluation, and the latter results in significant loss of contrast when switching images. NOTE 6: For all complex (high resolution) flat panel displays, there may be or sometimes be a small number of defective images, which reflects a new set of potential readability problems. NOTE 7: All flat panels exhibit the advantages of geometric and positional stability, so the problems of distortion, non-uniform size of the moon mark and jitter involved in ISO 9241-3 and ISO 9241-6 do not appear in GB/T 20528. 4.3 Extended use and application GB/T 20528 extends the scope of GB/T 18978 to office displays that usually display less content. 2
I examine the literature
GB/T20528.1—2006/1S13406-1:1999GB/T13379-1992 Principles of visual ergonomics Lighting for indoor work systems (neqISO8995:1989) [
ISO9241-3:1992 Ergonomic requirements for office work using visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 3: Visual displays [2]
Display requirements
ISO 9241-5:1998
Layout and posture requirements
ISO 9241-6:1999
Environmental guidance
ISO 9241-7:1998
Display requirements
ISO 9241-8:1997
Color requirements
CIE 15. 2:1986
CIE 17. 4: 1987
Ergonomic requirements for workstations using visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 5: Ergonomic requirements for workstations using visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 6: Ergonomic requirements for workstations using visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 7: Ergonomic requirements for workstations using visual display terminals (VDTs) with reflections Part 8: Colarimetry of displays
Inlernational Lighting Vocahulary 31987
Ergonomic requirements for workstations using visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 5: Ergonomic requirements for workstations using visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 6: Ergonomic requirements for workstations using visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 7: Ergonomic requirements for workstations using visual display terminals (VDTs) with reflections Part 8: Colarimetry of displays
Inlernational Lighting Vocahulary31987
Ergonomic requirements for workstations using visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 5: Ergonomic requirements for workstations using visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 6: Ergonomic requirements for workstations using visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 7: Ergonomic requirements for workstations using visual display terminals (VDTs) with reflections Part 8: Colarimetry of displays
Inlernational Lighting Vocahulary3
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