Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Specification for printing of maps
Specceiflcation for printing of maps1 Subject content and scope of application
GB/T 14511—93
This standard specifies the basic principles of map printing, the main contents of process design, the quality standards and operating methods of each process. This standard is applicable to the plate making and printing of national basic scale topographic maps, ordinary maps, thematic maps and atlases (volumes). 2 Referenced standards
GB14051 Colors for topographic maps
G/T11510 Specification for printing of image maps
3 General provisions
3.1 Map printing is the last process of surveying and mapping. According to the type of map, the nature of the original map to be printed, the existing equipment and technical level of the printing factory and the requirements of the user, a reasonable map printing process plan should be formulated and implemented in accordance with the requirements of this specification. 3.2 Map colors and color scales
National basic scale topographic maps are printed in accordance with the color standards and corresponding diagrams and specifications specified in GB14051: ordinary maps, thematic maps, and atlases (volumes) are printed according to the color numbers and color scales specified in the corresponding technical design documents and the requirements of color samples. 3.3 Basic requirements for map printing quality Printed maps must be clear and easy to read: the ink color is full and uniform, and the accuracy meets the requirements of this standard; a.
b. The color of the map must be consistent with the original map or proof. 4 Inspection of printed original maps and attachments
Before printing, the printed original map and attachments should be inspected. Original maps and attachments that do not meet the printing requirements will not be accepted. Note: The attachments include: the printing approval document issued by the printing unit or the competent department, the drawing process design instructions of the printing unit, the color separation reference map, color samples and color standards, the binding design samples of the map nest (book) and other documents related to the map. 4.1 Inspection of printed original drawings
4.1.1 Inspection of drawing size and plate accuracya. See Table 1 for the requirements of map scale and plate accuracy; approved by the State Bureau of Technical Supervision on July 5, 1993 and implemented on February 1, 1994. Basic scale topographic maps and other maps with high accuracy requirements, map nests, and monographs. GB/T 14511-93. Maximum allowable error between actual size and theoretical size. Side length. Diagonal. Separate plates (for drawing) and multiple spliced maps. Maximum allowable comparison error. All bases of printed original maps should be heat-set, and their thickness and vertical and horizontal directions should be consistent. 4. 1.2 Map inspection. The maximum allowable error between actual size and theoretical size is side length. Diagonal. Separate plates (for drawing) and multiple spliced maps. Maximum allowable comparison error. The drawing surface is neat, the lines are smooth, solid, fine and evenly drawn, and the lines of the original drawing are black and full, with a density of not less than 3.0. According to the drawing scale, the thinnest line is not less than 0.08 mm, and the distance between two adjacent lines is not less than 0.2 mm. The notes should be clear and complete, with a blackness of not less than 3.0. The gray fog is less than 0.06. The notes and symbols are cut and pasted flat and firmly. The cutting margin is not less than 0.2mm. The cutting margin does not overlap with the symbols and notes:.
Various standard lines (angle lines, "character lines", "learning lines", cutting lines, layout lines, positioning holes) should be complete: d. The general color range lines should be accurate and complete; e. The engraved film layer of the engraved original drawing is firmly attached and has no scratches. The velvet is smooth, the gray fog is not greater than 0.1f, the continuous original drawing and the picture have rich gradations, and the color is true. The black and white halo should be rich in layers and have a strong three-dimensional sense. 4.2 Inspection of color sample of color separation reference map
a. The base map used to make color separation reference map and color sample map should be consistent with the original map's internal observation and drawing scale; b. The color of the color separation reference map should be bright and obvious, with strong contrast. The regional color setting range is accurate, the drawing surface is complete and clean, and the legend is complete. When the content is complex, the legend color frame should be numbered in sequence, and the color of the content should be consistent with the color of the map: the level of the boundary color band is clear, and the color band should be accurately marked if it is centered or offset to one side of the boundary with linear features; d. The level and range of the layered color setting are clear and accurate, and the color marking in the map is consistent with the color marking of the height table. 5. Process design
5.1 Main contents of process design
The main contents of process design include: analysis of original drawings, operation methods of each process (including plate making method), color and dot (line) number, percentage, negative setting table, preparation of process flow chart, technical measures and brief description of special processes, etc. 5.2 Plate making or this principle
Before plate making, a correct regular plate should be designed;
b: The number of prints, number of colors, color type and complexity of the inner wear of the plate making cotton should be as consistent as possible; c. The drawings of the same region, the same scale, the complexity or area size of each element, and the same fit accuracy should be folded together as much as possible;
d. The drawings with complex content or strict fit requirements should be placed in the middle of the bite edge, and the foot should be close to the plate when two or more drawings are joined: e. Atlases (volumes) should be bound in accordance with the typesetting method of folding and binding. Then the plates should be assembled: 5.3 Requirements for punching and positioning a. Punching pin positioning should be carried out throughout the entire process of plate making. The specifications for punching and positioning should be: b. For large-format (large folio) maps, plane positioning (center cross positioning) should be adopted. For maps below folio (including folio), linear punching and corresponding pin strips and pin positioning should be adopted; c. The photosensitive films used for copying the same map should have the same model, specifications, and thickness, and should be punched and positioned in a unified direction. 1. Units with conditions should uniformly punch holes on the engraved film or other photosensitive film used for printing the original image before making the printing original image, and then make a blueprint after positioning.
5. 4 Basic requirements for subtractive or four-color printing process 5.4.1 Requirements for printing original images
GB/T 14511—93
In addition to meeting the requirements specified in 4.1, the printing original images used for subtractive or four-color printing technology must also meet the following requirements: The printing original images should be made of film for plate separation and punch holes for positioning; a.
The colors used in the printing original images must meet the requirements for subtractive colors. 5.4.2 Requirements for process design
T The process design shall not only meet the requirements of 5.1 to 5.3, but also meet the following requirements: It shall be based on filming and punching positioning operations: h. Dot film and pre-coated photosensitive plate (PS plate) must be used for plate exposure operations; Color design shall refer to the color standard of GB14051 (color comparison thematic map chromatogram) or chromatogram to design the number of dots, percentages and angles of single or bone pressure for different color deficiency. 5.4.3 During the plate making and printing process, tools such as measuring and control strips and optical densitometers shall be used for quality control and inspection. The requirements and methods for using measuring and control strips and optical penetration meters shall refer to the supplement of GB/T14510. 5.5 Fill in the process notification form
, which must state the nature of the task, color type, number of colors, version, number of prints, process plan, work arrangement, technical requirements and completion deadline, etc. Special requirements shall be explained in a separate document. b. Filling in the process notification form should be simple and clear, with clear handwriting and accurate data. If any error is found, it should be corrected with red ink and signed as responsible.
6 Copy
6.1 Quality Standard
The copy negative (including electronic color separation film) should have complete graphics, no scratches, and complete rule lines: a
The lines should be smooth and the notes should have sharp pen tips and edges. The density of the opaque part of the film is above 3.0, and the gray fog of the transparent part is not greater than the halftone film. The dots of the halftone film must be smooth and solid, with correct angles and rich levels. The color separation of the color separation film is correct, and its density level is consistent with the color level of the original image. The accuracy requirements of the photocopy film and the electric separation film are shown in Table 2; Table 2
National basic examples only topographic
maps and maps with higher accuracy requirements
other maps, terrain cases
general maps
map size
new folio
>folio
f. The deformation rate of line thickness shall not exceed 10%
6.2 Operation method
6.2.1 Preparation for photocopy
Maximum allowable error between actual size and theoretical size Side length
Diagonal
6.2:1.1 Familiar with the requirements of the process notice and determine the operation method. 6.2.1.2 Inspection of equipment
Multiple-frame stitching is close to the maximum allowable comparison error
GB/T 14511-93
The frame of the plate-making camera must be stable and level, and the three planes of the manuscript frame, lens and shadow plate must be kept parallel to each other and vertical to the plane of the frame. Dark box, dark room, dark room should not be lighted or reflective b. Optical tools such as lens, mirror and densitometer should not be scratched or stained. The machine should be kept lubricated and clean; c. Check whether the light source, electrical appliances and safety lamp are in good condition. 6.2.1.3 Preparation of photosensitive film
According to the process requirements and the nature of the original image, select the corresponding type of photosensitive film (see Table 3). The expansion rate of the photosensitive film should not exceed 0.2% (the same below).
Xi, white line rainbow medical
Color line engraving circle
6.2.1.4 Preparation of chemical solution
Type of photosensitive film
Color film, special hard orthochromatic film
Special hard or hard full color film
Color sensitive light range
Blue, purple
All visible light
Use safe light
Slightly green light or all black
According to the performance of the photosensitive film, the characteristics of the original image and the environmental case, correctly select the formula, and strictly prepare the developer, fixer and thinning solution in the order specified in the formula.
6.2.2 Shadow inspection
, the original image should be placed in the center of the frame, and the air should be pumped flat; turn on the light source, use the maximum aperture for shadow inspection, adjust the focus according to the zoom ratio, make the image clear, and the size of the image sector meets the accuracy requirements, and make a record. b.
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The aperture is set to the required number for exposure, close the lens cover, and prevent the machine from moving. 6.2.3 Loading and Exposure
When loading the film, the photosensitive film should be flat, and its position should be consistent with the position of the image when picking up the image, and the film surface should face the direction of the lens; a.
Before exposure, check and adjust the lamp distance so that the entire page is evenly illuminated. Wait until the light source is stable and then turn on the light. The exposure time should be determined according to the zoom ratio, the distance of the lamp, the strength of the light source, the aperture size, the contrast of the original image, the performance of the photosensitive film, etc. If necessary, the graded exposure method can be used to conduct a test strip test.
6.2.4 Development and Fixing
The exposed photosensitive film should be moistened with water first, then immersed in the developer, and the developer box should be shaken or the photosensitive film should be turned over continuously to ensure uniform development: the developer temperature should be controlled at 18~20℃, b. The development time should be determined according to the formula instructions and taking into account the newness and temperature of the developer. When approaching the specified development time, the film can be briefly checked under a safe light. If the development degree is appropriate, the film should be stopped immediately and then fixed.
After fixing, it should be thoroughly washed under running water. If there is a slight gray fog, it can be thinned with potassium ferrofluoride or sodium thiosulfate aqueous solution, and then washed and dried. d.
6.3 Electronic color separation platemaking operation method
Electronic color separation is mainly used for color separation and screening platemaking of continuous adjustment maps such as traction maps and color originals. 6.3.1 Preparation before operation
Tools: According to the use requirements of the electronic printer, turn on the power supply and preheat the electronic components: Preheat the densitometer and calibrate its standard value with a standard plate: Make preparations for automatic development equipment adjustment:
h Select photosensitive offset plates and corresponding developer and fixer according to the laser performance of the electronic printer: c. Analyze the color, level and contrast of the original image, mark the scanning range, and determine the magnification according to the size of the image. And attach the original image and the ladder ruler from the scanning starting line to the original roller, d. Scan the electronic ladder ruler, determine the percentage of each level of dots after development, and compare it with the data stored in the soft burner. When it exceeds the set data by 2%, linear adjustment is required.
6.3.2 Setting of operation standards
GB/T 14511—93
2: Select the correct calibration point on the original image (or ladder) for calibration adjustment; select the reflected light source or the transmitted light source according to the type of the original image, determine the gradation curve, and perform appropriate gradation correction and color correction: b.
Determine whether to remove the background color and the degree of clarity emphasis, determine the dot type, angle scanning line number and the setting of the rule line, etc. d.
6.3.3 Install the photosensitive film, noise light and development After the operation standards are set, install the photosensitive film under the safe light, a
6. Install various keys and buttons of the electronic extension machine, check whether their positions are correct, and confirm that all parts of the electronic extension machine are operating normally before performing the electronic scanning and screening operation:
Develop; Take out the recorded film after exposure and then use the automatic developer for development, fixing, water washing and drying. 7 Copy
.7.1 Copy quality standard
The graphics are complete and the rules are complete; the lines and annotations are clear, and the line thickness deformation rate does not exceed 5%1b.
The film is flat and scratch-free, the film layer is semi-solid, the density of unknown parts is not less than 3.0, and the gray fog of transparent parts is not more than 0.1: the number of dots, percentage, and angle should meet the requirements of the process design, and the dot expansion value should not exceed 2%, c.
d. The error of the ruler is not more than 0.1mm, and the copy error is not more than 0.1; the film layer of the tear film is flat, with strong adhesion, uniform dyeing, easy to tear and scratch, and the lines are transparent and do not expand. 7.2 Topographic film black map quality standards In addition to meeting the requirements of 7.1a~c, the following shall also be met: the error between the outline size and the actual size: the side length shall not be less than ±0.2mm. The diagonal shall not be less than ±0.3mm. The comparison error between diagonals shall not be greater than ±0.3mm. The interval error of each element shall not be less than 0.1mm. The comparison error of the thickness of the same color wire of adjacent map sheets shall not exceed 2mm. The specifications of the film black maps of the same map sheet shall be consistent. 7.3 Copying Accuracy
a. Be familiar with the process flow sheet and check whether the original image or negative is complete; b. Prepare the dot (line) bite film according to the process requirements, confirm the type, cutting size and quantity of the photosensitive film and photosensitive tear film, and prepare the required developer, fixer and dye solution; C. Check whether the puncher, copy machine, platemaking machine, transmission densitometer and other equipment and tools are intact: d. Use the measurement and control strip to expose closely with the photosensitive film under fixed voltage, light source, development and other conditions, and determine the proportional error of each dot after development. When the error is less than 2%, it is determined to be correctly exposed; e. Punch the original image that is not punched or the punching positioning does not meet the requirements. The original image of the plate-dividing operation should be strictly aligned according to the rule line, and punch holes after fixing or use the method of compensating holes; f. Cut the photosensitive film and photosensitive tear film (the base for platemaking), and then punch holes according to the specified requirements. 7.4 Operation method of silver halide photosensitive film copying
7.4.1 Copying single negative film! !
1. Fix the positioning pin or pin strip, and make sure that the pin or pin strip is parallel to and centered on the side of the copier. b. Place the prepared original image or negative film opposite to the film film surface, and insert it into the copier according to the corresponding hole position. After adjusting the film base, evacuate the air to ensure close contact between the negative film and the photosensitive film, and then expose it according to the determined exposure time. c. Take out the photosensitive film for development.
7.4.2 Copying multiple original images and negative films
a. Fix the positioning pin or pin strip (the requirements are the same as 7.4.1a); GB/T 14511 -- 93
b. Verify that the prepared positive negative films (line negative films, annotation films, tear-off films) are complete, and whether the image name, version, color tone, and dot ratio are correct. Then prepare and arrange the positive negative film of the same hue and the dot (line) film of the corresponding line number, percentage and angle in the order of hue;
. Put a positive negative film and its corresponding dot (line) film into the duplicator in order according to the hole position, and then put the photosensitive film (film facing down). After flat air extraction, expose according to the determined exposure time; d. After the first exposure, repeat the operation process of 7.4.2c for the second and third exposures. The required rule lines can be used with the reserved rule lines or the pre-made red tear film rule lines to contact the photosensitive film for exposure and copying: e. After checking that the number of exposures is correct, take out the photosensitive film for development. 7.4.3 Development and Fixation
7.4.3.1 The operation method of development and fixing is the same as 6.2.4.
7.4.3.2 Automatic Development and Fixation
. According to the use requirements of the white-motion film developer, make adjustments and preparations before operation! b. Set the control procedures for development, fixing, washing and dry media. Pre-display the measurement and control strip to check the development conditions; c. Input the exposed photosensitive film into the machine for automatic development. When inserting, the film curling direction should be perpendicular to the film insertion direction. Continuous film feeding should be prevented to avoid overlapping and scratching the film layer. The area of the developed film shall not be less than 10cm×10em to prevent blocking the cold channel:
After development and fixing, the equipment requires the machine to stop. 7.5 Diazo photosensitive tear film copying operation method Diazo photosensitive tear film is copied and exposed by a brain plate machine (or copy machine) with a xenon lamp or iodine gallium lamp rich in ultraviolet light, and equipped with necessary fan shadows, dyeing tools and light-transmitting table equipment.
a. Fix the pin or pin strip on the side of the plate-exposure machine (or copy machine) close to the body: b. Place the original image or negative film (or film tearing transition film) opposite to the film surface of the photosensitive film tearing film, and place it in the plate-making machine (or copying machine) according to the hole position. After vacuuming and flattening, expose it. The exposure time depends on the light source and the selected material. C. The exposed photosensitive film tearing film is developed. The time for development, corrosion and dyeing should be determined according to the type of photosensitive material and the requirements of the drug formula.
d. After the development process, the photosensitive film tearing film is dried and then the film is torn according to the requirements of 8-4. 8. Revision
8.1 Quality Standard
The map elements to be retained on the plate must be intact.Clear and transparent, correct content, clear relationship, density meets the requirements: map elements and sand holes that should be removed must be cleaned and painted clean without scratches; b. The coating should be flat, thin and uniform, without bubbles, lumps and melting. Avoid cracks, and meet the requirements of overprinting and plate making; e. The map elements that are engraved and supplemented must be accurately positioned, the lines are smooth, the joints are smooth without ghosting, no deformation, and the notes are clear and correct; d. The range of the general dyeing plate should be accurate, e. The dots of each screened film are real, the halftone film has rich layers, and no scratches; f. The rule lines and color marks on each color plate must be complete, the overprint is accurate, and the error is not more than 0.1mm. 8.2 Preparation for plate repair
According to the requirements of the process notice and the contents of the printed original drawing and the color separation reference drawing, obtain the required information and negatives; a.
b. Check the quality of the negative drawing, and its quality should meet the requirements of 7.1. Select each color separation film according to the process requirements and make marks; c.
Mix the ink red (black water, thinning liquid, and prepare the plate repair tools. 8.3 Line and annotation plate repair requirements
a When repairing, remove unnecessary elements, sand holes and scratches on the plate according to the color separation reference diagram; GB/T 14511--93
b After repair, the annotations must not be deformed, and the lines and symbols must be clear and correctly positioned. For the line joints and intersections of different printing colors, the integrity and correct connection relationship of the lines should be maintained during repair, without overlapping or transposition. c. If errors and questions are found during repair, the original data should be checked. After the content is painted, the four sides should be brushed, and self-calibration should be carried out from the main to the secondary and from the inside to the outside according to the relevant data: and the labels should be affixed according to the specified position. Fill in the label content: Figure name (Figure number), color, which version The name of the operator and inspector and the completion date.
8.4 Film tearing operation requirements
a. According to the process requirements, the operation should be carried out in accordance with the color separation reference distance. The torn area must be accurate, transparent, and free of gray fog: b. When two or more required film tearings are made on the same film tearing sheet, they should be clearly marked on the label and the film tearing sheet! C. After the film tearing is completed, the excess transparent lines should be painted; l. Check in detail, and stand the label after the modification is correct. 8.5 Film proofreading
8. 5. 1 Proofreading of negative films
Strong. The retouched negative films should be proofread piece by piece according to the original printing image, color separation reference image and relevant information: Check whether the negative films are complete, whether each color separation negative film is consistent with the process requirements, and whether the labels are correctly written. The layout retouching should comply with the quality standards of 8.1;
C. The errors, deformations and scratches caused by retouching should be circled on the back of the negative film. If errors are found in the original printing image or color separation reference image, they should be handed over to the commissioned printing unit for processing.
8.5.2 Modification of negative films
8 According to the modification opinions marked on the negative film, make corrections one by one against the original image or color separation reference image. The internal penetration involving more than two color plates should be modified separately and should not be omitted;
h. Only shorter strokes are allowed to be added on the negative film. If longer strokes, symbols and notes need to be added, they should be added on the positive image or original image. 8.5.3 Proofreading of positive films
a. Check the layout piece by piece to see if it is clean, whether the line markings, dot density, and gray fog meet the requirements; whether the content is correct and whether the rules are complete
Check the registration: The positive film is registered according to the rules, and check whether the rule lines are completely overlapped; whether the dots and color lines are registered: whether each element is h.
Whether there is overlap and overlap, and whether the registration relationship is correct; C. According to the color separation reference diagram, check whether there is white, extra dots, and waste lines in the color registration area, as well as the number of dots (lines), proportions, and angles.
8.5.4 Modification of positive film
a: According to the modification opinions marked on the post, modify them one by one against the original image or the color separation reference diagram: b, remove extra notes, lines, dots, and dirty dots, and be careful not to scratch the surface of the film base; missing notes, symbols, etc. can be repaired with corresponding peelable sheets; c.
d. For films with many errors and omissions, the negative film must be re-copied, repaired, and then the positive film must be overcoated. The positive film after repair should be checked one by one by the proofreader. Only after checking that it is correct can it be used for platemaking or plate exposure. e,
9 Plate exposure
9.1 Quality standard
a. The plate is clean, the pattern is complete, and the rule lines and color marks are complete. The lines and notes are clear, the dots are solid, 3% of the small dots are not lost, and 90% of the dots are not blurred;
h. The grease sensitivity of the printing elements and the hydrophilicity of the blank parts are good, and the glue is flat, thin and uniform. t. The bite size should meet the requirements of the specified machine, the error should not exceed 3mm, and the side gauge error should not exceed 5mm. 9.2 Operation method of making PS plate
9.2.1 Preparation before plate exposure
GB/T 14511-93
. Check the quality of the negative film, prepare the platen and related tools: b. Prepare the developer, plate repair liquid, glue and treatment liquid according to the formula. Collect the required specifications of the plate material; c. Preparation of the plate exposure machine: the ordinary plate exposure machine needs to adjust the light source, glass, and the automatic flat plate exposure machine should first adjust the channel, input the vacuum time, the sunrise time and the relevant data of the lamp rest position. 9.2.2 Lighting
a Place the photosensitive layer of the film and the PS plate opposite (the film faces the light source) in the plate exposure machine, leave the bite and edge ruler according to the specifications and process requirements of the printing press, and place the plate exposure measurement and control strip in the direction of the plate material trailing. Check that the air is exhausted and the light is exposed correctly b. When using the flat automatic plate exposure machine to expose the plate, after turning on the power switch, check whether the display on the control panel, the light source and the vacuum pump are working normally, and then put the PS plate and the film into the plate exposure machine for exhaust and exposure. 9.2.3 Development
9.2.3.1 Put the exposed PS plate into the developer, and use a soft brush to brush the plate. When the pattern is clear and the color of the blank part is completely removed, wash it with water immediately, then treat it with 2% to 3% phosphoric acid solution, wash it with water, blow it out, wipe it with glue, and air dry it for use. 9.2.3.2 Development of PS plate automatic developer
: Clean the developer tank, and add the prepared shadow solution according to the instructions of the tank liquid meter. Open the flushing volume adjustment valve and the developer volume adjustment valve:
h. Turn on the power, set the developing temperature, drying temperature, plate conveying timing time and conveying speed, the product shadow solution spraying volume and angle and the shadow brush pressure;
center. Press the operation switch, and then carry out development, flushing, glue wiping, drying and other processes. 9.2.4 Finishing of printing plates
After development, check the quality of the plate, use a dirt removal liquid (do not use a pumice stick) to remove dirt from unnecessary graphics and empty areas on the plate, and use a fast stream of water to wash away excess dirt to avoid magnetic damage to the graphics. 9.2.5 Curing
If the printing plate is not printed on the machine temporarily, wash off the ink layer to prevent the graphics from being decomposed by light and reducing the fat sensitivity. Do not let the plate come into contact with strong acids and organic solvents, and store it away from light.
9.2.6 Printing durability treatment (baking plate)
In order to improve the printing durability of the printing plate, after development (no gum> thinly apply the upper layer of special protective glue and put it in the oven for baking, take it out and put it in the developer to remove the special protective glue, wash it with water, wipe the glue, blow it dry and set it aside: 10 Proofing
10.7 Quality standards
a. The graphics are complete, the surface is clean, the dots are smooth and solid, there are no white spots, streaks, lines and annotations are blurred and broken. Multiple spliced plates are not allowed to be disassembled into single pieces Printing;
The ink color should meet the color setting requirements of the color standard or color sample map, without missing colors or wrong colors. The same ink color must be used for the spliced maps and the atlas. b.
The proofing paper should be the same as the printing paper, and 5cm of white paper should be left on the four sides. c.
The error of each element is shown in Table 4;
Proofing type
Color shuttle sample
Red fish proofing
National basic scale topographic circle and other maps with high accuracy requirements, atlas (volume) 0. 2
General map
GB/T 14511-~93
For map images and color halo maps printed in four colors or subtractive colors, the printing contrast, optimal solid density and dot expansion value of each color shall refer to the relevant provisions of GB/T14510. 10.2 The provisions of the printing samples of all types of maps are shown in Table 5. Table 5
Weihan Type
Monochrome Map
Separate Edition
Dense Color Map
Separate Edition Color Separate Edition
Image Map, Halo Map||tt| |Note: If there is a "\" mark, it needs to be printed. 10.3 Preparation for proofing
Red proofing
Mount proofing
Color proofing
Monochrome proofing
According to the number and specifications specified in the process notification, take the paper and carry out the printing process. Check the quality of the printing plate and measure the original of the printing plate. According to the requirements of the process design and the color standard and ink model, mix the ink and determine the proofing color sequence. b.
Turn on the power switch of the color reflection density meter and preheat it for about 10 minutes for use; d. Before starting the machine, check and remove obstacles on and around the machine to ensure the safe operation of the machine; e.
The working area should be kept clean and bright.Tools are placed in order. Indoor temperature and relative humidity should meet the requirements of proofing. 10.4. Operation method
First, evenly apply water and ink to the ink roller. Move the movable frame to the ink roller to make the ink roller evenly absorb ink. Then move it to the water roller to make the water evenly wet.
b Align and clamp the printing plate on the plate table, wash the plate and glue layer with water, then use steam to wash off the ink layer, then roll the stamp on the plate, and make the plate graphics evenly absorb ink. Preparation:
c. Before printing each color, first use a color reflection density meter to measure the solid density value. After meeting the quality standards and technical requirements, formal printing can be carried out:
d. After proofreading, if there are too many errors, proofing must be done again. e.
After work, the plate table and the impression table should be wiped, and the machine should be cleaned and maintained. 11 Proofreading
11.1 Proofreading Print Samples
11.1.1 Proofreading Contents
Check whether the position relationship of each element is correct, whether the matching accuracy meets the requirements, and whether the rule lines are accurate and complete. bh. Check whether there are omissions or errors in the decoration outside the gallery and between the outlines and the notes and instructions; c. For the original printed image and the color separation reference image, check whether the elements and general coloring in the image are overlapped, missed, whether the number and angle of the dots (lines) used meet the requirements of the process design, whether the content is broken, dirty, or blurred, whether the ink color meets the requirements of the color standard or color sample, and whether the edges and colors of the elements of the mosaic map are consistent. d. Through the measurement of the control strip, check whether the color tone of the four-color image or the subtractive color image, the ultimate image and other continuously adjusted images meet the requirements of the original image: whether the color layer of the layered color image meets the requirements of the layered height table. 11.1.2 Requirements for proofreading work
GB/T 14511-93
Be familiar with the process room, collect various print samples and required materials, and prepare proofreading tools: b. Proofread the print sample according to the original printing drawing, color separation reference drawing, color standard and process plan. If any problems are found, they should be marked in detail on the edge of the sample drawing and the correction opinions should be marked; center. When proofreading the border, it must be checked point by point and line by line against the original printing drawing or border approval document, and no mistakes are allowed. 11.1.3 Marking regulations for problems found in proofreading 11. 1.3.1 Marking regulations
Overlapping - marking\removing and keeping
Missing a mark\adding××” and marking the position accurately. A mark\××replacement” and marking the real position. When the content is complex, a schematic diagram of the modification position should be drawn on the side of the figure. Shift one
Redundant—mark "remove ×".
Dirty—
—mark "X× version remove dirt\.
Repair words—mark "Repair × words\.
Broken lines—mark "Connect ××".
Change shape—mark "Change to ××" and draw the shape of a bowl. Correct—mark "Remove ×X and add X×\.
11.1.3.2 Notes on marking
: The lead line must be a horizontal and vertical straight line, and the lines cannot overlap or intersect; b. The lead line should be marked to the side close to the outline of the figure, and the marking should be concise and affirmative, with clear handwriting. 11.2 Review and proofread the print sample
Review and proofread the print sample is the final quality control of the content, ink color, and registration accuracy of the printed image before printing. It should be done carefully: a. Review and proofread the print sample should be timely, accurate, and fast; b. According to the quality standards of the printed image, the color registration accuracy, the position and integrity of the print sample image should be carefully checked item by item. If any problems are found, they should be marked with a colored pen: After review and proofreading, the printing opinion must be signed and signed. 11.3 Review and proofread the film black image
The film black image is the negative film directly used for printing plates, and it is also the base map for long-term storage and reprinting. Therefore, it must be carefully reviewed and proofread comprehensively.
: According to the process notification, count the film black image, original image and reference materials, and check whether the negative films of each element are complete; b. According to the quality standards of 7.2, check each film element by element; ℃. After registering the black images of each important film, check whether the registration accuracy meets the standard requirements, and whether there are any overlapping or missing marks, line markings, titles, etc.
. Each element negative should be covered on the original image to check whether there are any missing elements, overlaps or shifts. If any errors or omissions are found during the proofreading, they should be marked on the back for modification. After the modification, the marks should be erased immediately. e. When proofreading the film black image, gloves should be worn to prevent dust from being absorbed by the film. ". After the whole film black image is proofread, the number of negatives should be rechecked. A thin lining paper with the same size as the film base should be placed between every two negatives. The inspection registration form should be filled out carefully, and the film black image and the registration form should be placed in the corresponding data bag. g. If the film negative is found to have errors or the quality does not meet the requirements, it can be suggested to modify the original image base and re-copy it. 12 Printing
12.1 Quality Standard
a. The printed image must meet the basic requirements of 3.3. The graphics should be complete, and the lines, annotations, and screen lines (dots) should be bright and solid, without double shadows, streaks, blurs, virtual breaks and dirt:
b. The line thickness deformation rate shall not exceed 15%,
GB/T14511-93
c. For overprinting of various colors, in addition to ensuring the correct relative positions between elements, the overprinting error shall not exceed 0.2mm for national basic scale topographic maps and maps with higher accuracy requirements, and not exceed 0.3trmd for general maps. For double-sided printing, the overprinting error on the front and back shall not exceed 0.3mm; the drawings shall not have cracks, corners, holes or wrinkles, and the whiteness of the paper shall not be significantly different from that before printing. There shall be no dirt on the back, and the left and right positions of the land shall meet the design requirements!
「. The printing color shall comply with the batch sample or color standard, and the same color of the map (album, set of maps and multiple spliced maps shall be light and consistent.
12.2 Paper Preparation
Prepare the required paper in advance. Select paper according to the requirements of the notice, pick out the paper that is photographed, dirty, folded, etc. that is not suitable for printing, and store it according to type and specification. No deformation such as tight edges, curling, and ruffles should occur during storage. 12.2.1 Drying paper
12.2.1.1 Requirements for drying paper
9. The dried paper should have no purple edges, curling, ruffles, folded corners, or photographed paper; b. Paper that has been washed: generally cut and printed within 3 days. 12.2.1.2 Paper drying operation method
Pick up paper according to the notice, and check the type, specification, paper texture and quantity; b. Check and adjust the machine, and adjust the temperature and humidity in the desk. The paper drying environment should be consistent with the temperature of the printing workshop e: Start the machine to hang the paper, and connect the same paper surface Hook upward. The drying time of paper is generally not less than 4 hours, and the paper should be turned over in the middle. d. When unloading paper, it should be stacked neatly, and the front and back sides should not be mixed up. 12.2.2 Paper cutting
12.2.2.1 Quality standard
The cut paper should meet the specified size of the platform, and the error of the same drawing should not exceed 1.0 μm. The cut paper edges should be perpendicular to each other: b.
The cut edge should be smooth and the knife pattern should be smooth.
The cut paper numbers must be consistent with the requirements of the notice, and the stacks should be neatly stacked. 12-2.2.2 Paper cutting operation method
H: Familiar with the work notice, check the paper, and formulate the cutting ruler sequence or program data (computer-controlled paper cutter); h. Check and adjust the machine, and clean the work surface. Prepare the tools to be used. Test the knife with an empty machine. If the knife is running, it is strictly forbidden to use it; C. Align the paper and input it into the machine, calibrate the specifications according to the required size, and start cutting. When using an automatic paper cutter, after entering the data, the data displayed on the screen should be checked. Only when it is correct can the cutting key be pressed. After use, the power should be turned off and the knife should not be exposed; after the cut paper is strictly checked, it should be neatly stacked and covered with a plastic cover for standby use. d.
12.3 Preparation of ink
a. Prepare ink according to process requirements or according to the printing sample and color standard; b.
Analyze the color components of each hue in the printing sample or color standard, and refer to the matching records during proofing to determine the ink list and its ratio! The ink should be evenly adjusted, and the color sample should be compared with the printing sample or color standard in time until it meets the requirements; c
Each batch of printed ink should be fully adjusted at one time, and the mixing ratio of the mixer should be recorded and saved. After the ratio is determined, it shall not be changed at will. 12.4 Printing preparation
Receive the sample drawings, ink, printing plates, sort the plate paper, receive the paper and check its specifications and quantity; h. Check whether the quality of the printing plate meets the requirements and whether the number of printing plates of various colors is complete. The plate surface is dirty and has individual defects. It can be printed only after being repaired
c. Clear the obstacles around the machine and lubricate the oil tank and various lubrication points. d. According to the given values of the offset printing machine, adjust the thickness of the roller pad and the machine pressure. The gaps at both ends of the roller must be consistent. 12.5 Printing operation method
12.5.1 Loading paper and adjusting the paper feeding device
GB/T 14511—93
． Shake the paper loose and align it and stack it on the paper feeding table. The front and side edges must be close to the regular plate stop and must not be tilted.Finally, put a proper amount of plate paper on the square paper:
b. According to the thickness and format of the paper, adjust the air volume and position of the air nozzle, adjust the pressure, direction of the paper pressing wheel and the tightness of the conveyor belt, and adjust the double sheet and empty sheet controller,
c. Calibrate the front gauge and find the paper bite amount. The bite amount is 5~8mm and consistent on both sides. The upper pressure gauge and the side gauge pressure plate height are consistent and 3~4 times the thickness of the paper. Move the side gauge according to the size of the paper. 12.5.2 Plate loading
: Insert the printing plate into the plate clamp and tighten the screws from the middle; after laying the backing paper, turn the machine to the other side at a low speed or inching or low speed to install the clamp; b. When loading the plate, the pulling force should be uniform and consistent, not too large, and the printing plate should be gradually tightened. 12.5.3 Adjust the water roller and ink roller
Start the machine, add water and ink at the same time, and adjust the pressure between the water rollers according to the water transfer situation so that the water transfer is appropriate and uniform. According to the ink transfer situation, adjust the pressure between the ink rollers so that the pressure on both sides is consistent and the ink transfer is appropriate and uniform. 12. 5. 4 Check the printing plate, print out the sample, wash off the plate film, remove the graphic layer, wipe off the oil, and then wipe it clean with a cloth. Start the machine at a slow speed, close the water and the machine, and wait until the pattern on the plate is evenly covered and there is no dirt on the empty space before you can do a trial print at a medium speed. Start the paper feeding mechanism, adjust the position of the paper and the side gauge, and press the test print after it is suitable. d: Check whether the position of the test print pattern is consistent with the process requirements. If there is a big difference, you can change the plate position or move the front gauge and side gauge for correction, but the displacement of the front gauge shall not exceed 1mm. If the pattern is not accurately overprinted along the rotation direction of the machine, you can add or subtract backing paper. When the machine is stopped for more than 2 minutes, the printing plate should be wiped with glue;
e When correcting the printing plate, adjust the screws at the same time to make the amount of ink suitable for the printing plate graphic. First print an appropriate amount of paper, wait for the water and the device to balance, and then print the sample based on the color standard value produced by the proofing. After approval, start the formal printing with reference to the approved sample. 12.5.5 Printing operation
Carefully operate the paper feeding mechanism to ensure that the paper is accurately fed in. Stop the machine immediately when hearing the danger signal. H. Check the ink frequently to ensure that the surface is not dirty and the ink is balanced. h. Check the quality of the printed product frequently during printing. If any problem is found, stop the machine for processing. c. During printing, the rubber blanket should be cleaned in time according to the quality of the printed product and the powdering and hair removal of the paper. d. After each printing, the rubber blanket should be cleaned. After the printing plate is removed, the printing plate that needs to be stored should be wiped with glue and ink, and the printing plate that does not need to be stored should be cleaned. When changing the plate or stopping the machine for more than 10 hours, it should generally be cleaned. f. At the end of each shift, the handover work should be done well, and the job registration or handover record should be filled in. 13 Inspection and packaging
13.1 Inspection
13.1.7 Quality standards
a. The finished drawings after sorting shall meet the quality standards of printed drawings; b. The finished drawings after sorting must ensure the accuracy of the numbers, and the sum of the number of qualified products and the number of waste products shall be consistent with the number of white papers put into printing. 13.1.2 Operation method
, check the number according to the operation notice, receive the printed drawings, and stack them neatly. First, take out 3 to 5 sheets, compare them with the printed sample drawings, check the content of the drawings comprehensively, and determine the focus of sorting. The sorting should be flipped over on both sides of each sheet. The flipping area should exceed 1/2 of the drawing: double-sided printed drawings should be checked on both sides. When flipping over, check for color loss, plate running, dirt and damage. And according to the basic standard of printed drawings, except for waste products c, the sorting should be carried out stack by stack, first take out a stack of qualified products as a replacement, and then after each sorting is completed - register the number of inspections. Replace the waste products with qualified products and stack them neatly. After checking the whole drawing and verifying the total number, sign the certificate and hand it over to the professional inspector for spot check.
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