GBZ 72-2002 Occupational acute latent chemical poisoning diagnosis rules
Some standard content:
ICs13.100
National Occupational Health Standard of the People's Republic of China GBZ 72-2002
Diagnostic Guideline of Occupational Acute Obscure Chemical PoisoningPublished on April 8, 2002
Implemented on June 1, 2002
Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China
Article 5.1 of this standard is recommended, and the rest are mandatory. This standard is formulated in accordance with the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases". From the date of implementation of this standard, if the original standard GB16852.2-1997 is inconsistent with this standard, this standard shall prevail. In various occupational activities, acute poisoning may occur due to exposure to some high-concentration and highly toxic chemicals in a short period of time. Some of these chemicals are known species; some are pathogenic species that are not yet clear after poisoning has occurred; some species have been included in the list of occupational diseases, while others have not yet been included; some have independent diagnostic standards, while others have not yet developed independent diagnostic standards. However, all acute poisoning diseases have common patterns of onset, and it is possible and necessary to formulate common rules that should be followed when diagnosing acute poisoning. The various rules specified in this series of standards involve the diagnosis of occupational acute chemical poisoning. These rules are used to ensure the unification of the diagnostic system for occupational acute chemical poisoning. Regardless of whether the cause is known or hidden, and regardless of which target organ is damaged after poisoning, it can be diagnosed according to the rules specified in this standard. "Diagnosis of occupational acute chemical poisoning" includes the following parts. The scope defined by each part will be explained in the foreword and introduction of each part: Part 1 Diagnosis of occupational acute chemical poisoning (General principles): Part 2 Diagnostic rules for occupational acute hidden chemical poisoning: Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
Part 6
Part 7
Diagnostic criteria for occupational acute toxic multiple organ dysfunction syndrome; Diagnostic criteria for occupational acute chemical sudden death; Diagnostic criteria for occupational acute toxic nervous system diseases: Diagnostic criteria for occupational acute toxic respiratory system diseases; Diagnostic criteria for occupational acute toxic liver diseases; Part 8
Diagnostic criteria for occupational acute toxic kidney diseases: Part 9
Diagnostic criteria for occupational acute toxic heart diseases: Part 10 Diagnostic criteria for occupational acute toxic blood system diseases: Appendix A of this standard is an informative appendix, and Appendices B and C are normative appendices. This standard is proposed and managed by the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China. This standard was drafted by Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Jinan Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Institute, Occupational Health and Poison Control Institute of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shenyang Institute of Labor Health and Occupational Diseases, and Shanghai Changning District Health Bureau. This standard is interpreted by the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China. Diagnostic rules for occupational acute hidden chemical poisoning GBZ72—2002
Occupational acute hidden chemical poisoning refers to the poisoning caused by workers absorbing large doses of occupational chemicals in a short period of time without knowing it during their occupational activities. 1 Scope
This standard specifies the diagnostic rules for occupational acute hidden chemical poisoning. This standard applies to acute poisoning caused by unknowing and unaware exposure to chemicals in occupational activities. This standard can also be used as a reference for the diagnosis of acute poisoning caused by unknowingly absorbing chemicals in non-occupational activities. 2 Normative references
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For any dated referenced document, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, parties reaching an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For any undated referenced document, the latest version shall apply to this standard.
Diagnosis of occupational acute chemical poisoning (general principles) GBZ71
3 Diagnostic principles
According to the clues of acute poisoning suggested by clinical, laboratory, and field investigation, further obtain sufficient etiological evidence combined with corresponding clinical manifestations and (or) necessary field data and other comprehensive analysis, exclude similar diseases, and then diagnose occupational acute chemical poisoning.
4 Diagnostic points
4.1 Determine the cause
Patients with latent poisoning cannot provide a history of exposure to toxicants when they visit the doctor. Determine the cause First, obtain clues that may be poisoning from the medical history, physical signs, laboratory tests or (and) field investigation. Get inspiration from clues, and then conduct in-depth observation, inspection, investigation, biological material testing, etc. to clarify the cause of poisoning, including the type of virus-causing agent;
b) Cause of poisoning:
Absorption time of poison;
Pathway of invasion:
e) Estimated absorbed dose, etc.
These are the primary basis for confirming chemical poisoning. 4.2 More complete clinical data
4.3 Comprehensive analysis
After comprehensive analysis, including differential diagnosis, it is concluded that the cause and disease have a definite causal relationship. After the cause of latent chemical poisoning is clarified, its diagnostic method, classification standard, etc. are exactly the same as those of general acute chemical poisoning, and should be handled according to GBZ71.
4.4 Toxicology test
If there is little toxicology data on suspected virus-causing agents, which makes it difficult to judge and diagnose, necessary toxicology experiments should be carried out to clarify the toxicity and toxic effects of the poison, etc., as one of the comprehensive diagnostic analysis data. Principles of treatment
5.1 Principles of treatmentwww.bzxz.net
Determine the treatment plan according to the type of causative agent, clinical characteristics, severity, etc. (see GBZ71). When the diagnosis of poisoning is not clear, necessary examinations, rescue and various treatment measures should be given according to the specific situation of the beneficiary. 5.2 Other treatments
Treat according to the specific situation (see GBZ71). Instructions for the correct use of this standard
See Appendix A (Informative Appendix), Appendix B and C (Normative Appendix). Appendix A
(Informative Appendix)
Instructions for the correct use of this standard
A.1 Once the cause of acute latent poisoning is confirmed to be chemical poisoning, the diagnosis should be handled according to GBZ71, and the diagnostic criteria for target systems (organs) of occupational acute poisoning can also be referred to. A.2 Finding clues that the patient may have acute chemical poisoning is a key breakthrough point in diagnosis. This standard includes the diagnosis methods and steps of acute latent poisoning and the sources of possible clues for poisoning as Appendix B, and the common causes of acute latent poisoning as Appendix C for reference and application. A.3 Epidemiological survey
In the case of mass disease, epidemiological survey can provide scientific data for clarifying the cause of disease, the law of disease occurrence and development, and the factors affecting the condition and prognosis. In some cases, it is one of the important methods to solve latent poisoning and can be applied according to the situation.
A.4 Pathological examination of the body
Autopsy should also be performed for suspected acute chemical poisoning patients who could not be clearly diagnosed before death, or for those whose acute chemical poisoning diagnosis was basically clear before death but some important issues could not be explained. Autopsy can systematically observe the pathological changes of various organs, make pathological diagnosis and judge the cause of death. However, since there are no specific pathological changes in the autopsy of acute poisoning caused by many poisons, it is still necessary to clarify the cause through multiple methods.
During household inspection, the content of virus-causing substances in major organs should be determined as much as possible. A.5 Prevent "false diagnosis" and "abuse diagnosis", and expose "false diagnosis" When highly alert to the possibility of acute chemical poisoning, attention should be paid to preventing "false diagnosis" and "abuse diagnosis". "False diagnosis" refers to the diagnosis of chemical poisoning when there is a history of exposure to toxic substances but no poisoning has occurred. "Abuse diagnosis" refers to the diagnosis of chemical poisoning when the history of exposure to toxic substances is not clear and there is no poisoning. Both of these situations are misdiagnoses, and more attention should be paid to prevent them when multiple people are poisoned. "False diagnosis" means that the doctor gives a diagnosis of chemical poisoning in order to achieve a certain purpose even though he knows that the person is not poisoned. This diagnosis is forged, so it is called a false diagnosis. This is a serious violation of medical ethics and the law, and it must be exposed once discovered. Therefore, obtaining clues that may be acute chemical poisoning is only the first step, and it is only a clue, not a conclusion. Further work must be done to collect more materials before a diagnosis can be made. A.6 Asking a good medical history and doing a good physical examination are even more important in the diagnosis of latent poisoning and must be carefully carried out. During the entire diagnostic process, accurate and complete materials are the only basis for making a diagnosis. The materials must be accurate. Inaccurate materials will lead to incorrect analysis and judgment. The materials must also be complete. Avoid relying on isolated materials as the only basis for diagnosis, even if they are specific.
A.7 The development of diagnostic criteria for latent poisoning will not only help clinical diagnosis and treatment, but also attract widespread attention and the attention of relevant departments, so that comprehensive measures can be taken to do a good job in prevention. Appendix B
(Normative Appendix)
Diagnosis and differential diagnosis methods for occupational acute latent poisoning and other latent poisoning Due to the special poisoning mode of acute latent poisoning, a clear diagnosis must have a definite etiological basis. The specific methods and steps are as follows:
B.1 Obtaining clues that there may be acute chemical poisoning is the first and key step in making a clear diagnosis. B.1.1 Obtain clues from medical history
In the occupational history, the worker is unaware of the exposure to poisons, or there are other conditions that may cause poisoninga)
In the same environment, similar syndromes occur in multiple people at the same time or in succession within a short period of time, and cannot be explained by common infectious diseases or local diseasesb)
Prescription disease:
c) The onset or (and) progression of the disease does not conform to the rules of the suspected disease; there is a history of epilepsy, psoriasis, mental illness and other stubborn diseases, and a history of receiving treatment from folk remedies, folk remedies or non-formal doctors:d)
e) There is a history of frequently drinking with tin (lead) pots in the life history, or a history of special hobbies such as drug abuse, solvent absorption, etc.;l) The patient's mental state, emotions, interpersonal relationships, etc., from which to consider the possibility of murder or suicide by poison. B.1.2 Obtain clues from physical signs
Perform a detailed physical examination to find clues that may be acute poisoning, such as; a) Special smell of exhaled breath: garlic smell of organophosphorus pesticides, rotten egg smell of hydrogen sulfide, aromatic smell of organic solvents, alcohol smell of methanol or ethanol, etc.
Sweating degree: heavy sweating is seen in acute poisoning such as sodium pentachlorophenol, dinitrophenol, and organophosphorus pesticides; excessive sweating is seen in the poisoning of pyrethroids and carbamate pesticides; no sweating is seen in atropine poisoning: hair loss: seen in poisoning such as thallium and chloroprene;
Mucous membrane and skin color: purple-brown, while systemic hypoxia symptoms are mild, should be Consider methemoglobinemia; lips d)
Chicken red, seen in some acute carbon monoxide poisoning; pupils: constriction seen in acute poisoning of organophosphorus pesticides, carbamate pesticides, morphine hypnotic drugs; dilation seen e
in atropine and methanol poisoning; unequal size and morphological changes on both sides seen in acute toxic encephalopathy; oral ulcers, gingival erosions: seen in acute mercury poisoning, oral corrosive poisons; f)
Pain in the limbs, glove and sock-type paresthesia and pain in the limbs, sensitive pain sensation on the soles of the feet, may be accompanied by movement disorders g)
Common in multiple peripheral neuropathy caused by acute poisoning. B.1.3 Obtain clues from laboratory tests
When the results obtained from laboratory or other auxiliary tests cannot be explained by the initial suspected disease, the possibility of acute poisoning should be considered and clues should be obtained from it.
B.1.4 Obtain clues that may be poisoning from the on-site investigation. B.2 Obtain etiological basis
B.2.1 Based on the above clues that may be acute poisoning, explore the cause of the disease, that is, the type of toxic substances: from the on-site ambient air, suspected pathogenic food, containers, water sources, local medicines and other materials, determine the type of poison and its content a)
from the patient's biological materials, determine the type of poison and its content: b))
According to the specific situation, determine the type of poison and its content from other materials and samples. Through investigation, obtain the time, cause, invasion route and possible absorbed dose of the patient's absorption of the poison. B.2.2
B.2.3 Analyze the above situation, judge that the patient has the basis for absorbing the poison, and obtain clear etiological information. 3 Confirm the diagnosis
Obtain clear etiological basis from B2.
2 Complete clinical data, especially the nature and severity of damage to the main target system (organ), to fully grasp the B.3.2
changes in the disease.
Comprehensive analysis to draw the conclusion that the cause (poison) and the disease are indeed causally related. For analysis methods, please refer to GBZ71. B3.4
Make differential diagnosis to prevent "false diagnosis" and "abuse of diagnosis". C.1 Occupational factors
Appendix C
(Normative Appendix)
Common causes of acute latent poisoning Acute occupational poisoning belongs to the category of latent poisoning in the following cases. C.1.1 The operator does not know about the contact with toxic substances in production and cannot provide the contact with toxic substances after poisoning occurs. For example, the glue used in production contains organic solvents, but the workers do not know about it and do not pay attention to protection during work and are poisoned. The benzene content in the viscose of leather shoes is as high as 90%, but the provider falsely claims to be toluene, resulting in severe aplastic anemia caused by benzene poisoning in a short period of time. C.1.2 The contact substance was originally thought to be non-toxic, but due to some reason, a chemical reaction occurred and produced poisons, such as ferrosilicon ore deliquescing with water to produce phosphine, and arsenic-containing ore producing arsenic hydrogen when it meets acid, etc. After poisoning, the exact type of contact poison cannot be provided. C.1.3 Poisoning caused indirectly by occupational contact, such as others wearing work clothes contaminated by poisons, cleaning utensils and protective equipment contaminated by poisons, etc., and not thoroughly cleaning the poisons after work, which contaminates family members and causes acute poisoning. C.1.4 Because scientific research, industrial and agricultural production do not pay attention to environmental protection, the air, water sources and soil are polluted by occupational poisons! It is one of the main reasons for the hidden poisoning of the majority of residents. C.2 Food pollution
C.2.1 Poisons directly contaminate food, and the eaters are poisoned without knowing it, such as pesticides contaminating vegetables and fruits, and seeds soaked in pesticides are processed as food, etc.
C.2.2 Poisoning caused by eating poultry, livestock or fish that have been contaminated by poisons, such as Japanese water retention disease. C.2.3 Using containers containing poisonous substances to hold food and drinks, such as using inferior tin pots (high in lead content) to hold wine, which causes lead colic caused by lead poisoning, etc.
C.2.4 Using poisonous substances as condiments or fermentation agents, such as using sodium nitrite as salt, sodium fluorosilicate as baking soda, and ethylene glycol as a beverage, etc.
C.2.5 Eating inappropriate items, such as the "Hukou disease" in Jiangxi, which is caused by eating cotton oil without proper heating: eating "fireworks salt" causes thallium poisoning, etc.
C.3 Water source pollution
C.4 Air pollution
5 Abuse of poisonous substances
Using poisonous substances on clothes, bedding, etc. as insecticides and disinfectants, and absorbing them through the skin to cause poisoning. C.6 Using folk remedies, folk prescriptions, or other drugs to cause poisoning, such as using folk medicines containing lead to treat epilepsy, and using folk medicines containing arsenic and mercury to treat psoriasis, etc.
C.7 Iatrogenic factors
Such as mistakenly mixing Sanisol with milk, using sodium nitrite as saline for enema, etc. C.8 Murder
Murder with poison, the victim is poisoned without knowing it.2 Get clues from physical signs
Perform a detailed physical examination to find clues that may be acute poisoning, such as; a) Special smell of exhaled breath: garlic smell of organophosphorus pesticides, rotten egg smell of hydrogen sulfide, aromatic smell of organic solvents, alcohol smell of methanol or ethanol, etc.
Sweating degree: heavy sweating is seen in acute poisoning such as sodium pentachlorophenol, dinitrophenol, and organophosphorus pesticides; excessive sweating is seen in the pseudo-removal b)
Pyrethroids, carbamate pesticides poisoning; no sweating is seen in atropine poisoning: hair loss: seen in thallium, chloroprene, etc. poisoning;
Mucous membrane and skin color: purple-brown, and the symptoms of systemic hypoxia are mild, so it should be considered Methemoglobinemia; lips d)
Chicken red, seen in some acute carbon monoxide poisoning; pupils: constriction seen in acute poisoning of organophosphorus pesticides, carbamate pesticides, morphine hypnotic drugs; dilation seen e
in atropine and methanol poisoning; unequal size and morphological changes on both sides seen in acute toxic encephalopathy; oral ulcers, gingival erosions: seen in acute mercury poisoning, oral corrosive poisons; f)
Pain in the limbs, glove and sock-type paresthesia and pain in the limbs, sensitive pain to the soles of the feet, and may be accompanied by movement disorders g)
Common in multiple peripheral neuropathy caused by acute poisoning. B.1.3 Obtain clues from laboratory tests
When the results obtained from laboratory or other auxiliary tests cannot be explained by the initial diagnosis of the disease, the possibility of acute poisoning should be considered and clues should be obtained from it.
B.1.4 Obtain clues that may be poisoning from the on-site investigation. B.2 Obtain etiological basis
B.2.1 Based on the above clues that may be acute poisoning, explore the cause of the disease, that is, the type of toxic substances: from the on-site ambient air, suspected pathogenic food, containers, water sources, local medicines and other materials, determine the type of poison and its content a)
from the patient's biological materials, determine the type of poison and its content: b))
According to the specific situation, determine the type of poison and its content from other materials and samples. Through investigation, obtain the time, cause, invasion route and possible absorbed dose of the patient's absorption of the poison. B.2.2
B.2.3 Analyze the above situation, judge that the patient has the basis for absorbing the poison, and obtain clear etiological information. 3 Confirm the diagnosis
Obtain clear etiological basis from B2.
2 Complete clinical data, especially the nature and severity of damage to the main target system (organ), to fully grasp the B.3.2
changes in the disease.
Comprehensive analysis to draw the conclusion that the cause (poison) and the disease are indeed causally related. For analysis methods, please refer to GBZ71. B3.4
Make differential diagnosis to prevent "false diagnosis" and "abuse of diagnosis". C.1 Occupational factors
Appendix C
(Normative Appendix)
Common causes of acute latent poisoning Acute occupational poisoning belongs to the category of latent poisoning in the following cases. C.1.1 The operator does not know about the contact with toxic substances in production and cannot provide the contact with toxic substances after poisoning occurs. For example, the glue used in production contains organic solvents, but the workers do not know about it and do not pay attention to protection during work and are poisoned. The benzene content in the viscose of leather shoes is as high as 90%, but the provider falsely claims to be toluene, resulting in severe aplastic anemia caused by benzene poisoning in a short period of time. C.1.2 The contact substance was originally thought to be non-toxic, but due to some reason, a chemical reaction occurred and produced poisons, such as ferrosilicon ore deliquescing with water to produce phosphine, and arsenic-containing ore producing arsenic hydrogen when it meets acid, etc. After poisoning, the exact type of contact poison cannot be provided. C.1.3 Poisoning caused indirectly by occupational contact, such as others wearing work clothes contaminated by poisons, cleaning utensils and protective equipment contaminated by poisons, etc., and not thoroughly cleaning the poisons after work, which contaminates family members and causes acute poisoning. C.1.4 Because scientific research, industrial and agricultural production do not pay attention to environmental protection, the air, water sources and soil are polluted by occupational poisons! It is one of the main reasons for the hidden poisoning of the majority of residents. C.2 Food pollution
C.2.1 Poisons directly contaminate food, and the eaters are poisoned without knowing it, such as pesticides contaminating vegetables and fruits, and seeds soaked in pesticides are processed as food, etc.
C.2.2 Poisoning caused by eating poultry, livestock or fish that have been contaminated by poisons, such as Japanese water retention disease. C.2.3 Using containers containing poisonous substances to hold food and drinks, such as using inferior tin pots (high in lead content) to hold wine, which causes lead colic caused by lead poisoning, etc.
C.2.4 Using poisonous substances as condiments or fermentation agents, such as using sodium nitrite as salt, sodium fluorosilicate as baking soda, and ethylene glycol as a beverage, etc.
C.2.5 Eating inappropriate items, such as the "Hukou disease" in Jiangxi, which is caused by eating cotton oil without proper heating: eating "fireworks salt" causes thallium poisoning, etc.
C.3 Water source pollution
C.4 Air pollution
5 Abuse of poisonous substances
Using poisonous substances on clothes, bedding, etc. as insecticides and disinfectants, and absorbing them through the skin to cause poisoning. C.6 Using folk remedies, folk prescriptions, or other drugs to cause poisoning, such as using folk medicines containing lead to treat epilepsy, and using folk medicines containing arsenic and mercury to treat psoriasis, etc.
C.7 Iatrogenic factors
Such as mistakenly mixing Sanisol with milk, using sodium nitrite as saline for enema, etc. C.8 Murder
Murder with poison, the victim is poisoned without knowing it.2 Get clues from physical signs
Perform a detailed physical examination to find clues that may be acute poisoning, such as; a) Special smell of exhaled breath: garlic smell of organophosphorus pesticides, rotten egg smell of hydrogen sulfide, aromatic smell of organic solvents, alcohol smell of methanol or ethanol, etc.
Sweating degree: heavy sweating is seen in acute poisoning such as sodium pentachlorophenol, dinitrophenol, and organophosphorus pesticides; excessive sweating is seen in the pseudo-removal b)
Pyrethroids, carbamate pesticides poisoning; no sweating is seen in atropine poisoning: hair loss: seen in thallium, chloroprene, etc. poisoning;
Mucous membrane and skin color: purple-brown, and the symptoms of systemic hypoxia are mild, so it should be considered Methemoglobinemia; lips d)
Chicken red, seen in some acute carbon monoxide poisoning; pupils: constriction seen in acute poisoning of organophosphorus pesticides, carbamate pesticides, morphine hypnotic drugs; dilation seen e
in atropine and methanol poisoning; unequal size and morphological changes on both sides seen in acute toxic encephalopathy; oral ulcers, gingival erosions: seen in acute mercury poisoning, oral corrosive poisons; f)
Pain in the limbs, glove and sock-type paresthesia and pain in the limbs, sensitive pain to the soles of the feet, and may be accompanied by movement disorders g)
Common in multiple peripheral neuropathy caused by acute poisoning. B.1.3 Obtain clues from laboratory tests
When the results obtained from laboratory or other auxiliary tests cannot be explained by the initial diagnosis of the disease, the possibility of acute poisoning should be considered and clues should be obtained from it.
B.1.4 Obtain clues that may be poisoning from the on-site investigation. B.2 Obtain etiological basis
B.2.1 Based on the above clues that may be acute poisoning, explore the cause of the disease, that is, the type of toxic substances: from the on-site ambient air, suspected pathogenic food, containers, water sources, local medicines and other materials, determine the type of poison and its content a)
from the patient's biological materials, determine the type of poison and its content: b))
According to the specific situation, determine the type of poison and its content from other materials and samples. Through investigation, obtain the time, cause, invasion route and possible absorbed dose of the patient's absorption of the poison. B.2.2
B.2.3 Analyze the above situation, judge that the patient has the basis for absorbing the poison, and obtain clear etiological information. 3 Confirm the diagnosis
Obtain clear etiological basis from B2.
2 Complete clinical data, especially the nature and severity of damage to the main target system (organ), to fully grasp the B.3.2
changes in the disease.
Comprehensive analysis to draw the conclusion that the cause (poison) and the disease are indeed causally related. For analysis methods, please refer to GBZ71. B3.4
Make differential diagnosis to prevent "false diagnosis" and "abuse of diagnosis". C.1 Occupational factors
Appendix C
(Normative Appendix)
Common causes of acute latent poisoning Acute occupational poisoning belongs to the category of latent poisoning in the following cases. C.1.1 The operator does not know about the contact with toxic substances in production and cannot provide the contact with toxic substances after poisoning occurs. For example, the glue used in production contains organic solvents, but the workers do not know about it and do not pay attention to protection during work and are poisoned. The benzene content in the viscose of leather shoes is as high as 90%, but the provider falsely claims to be toluene, resulting in severe aplastic anemia caused by benzene poisoning in a short period of time. C.1.2 The contact substance was originally thought to be non-toxic, but due to some reason, a chemical reaction occurred and produced poisons, such as ferrosilicon ore deliquescing with water to produce phosphine, and arsenic-containing ore producing arsenic hydrogen when it meets acid, etc. After poisoning, the exact type of contact poison cannot be provided. C.1.3 Poisoning caused indirectly by occupational contact, such as others wearing work clothes contaminated by poisons, cleaning utensils and protective equipment contaminated by poisons, etc., and not thoroughly cleaning the poisons after work, which contaminates family members and causes acute poisoning. C.1.4 Because scientific research, industrial and agricultural production do not pay attention to environmental protection, the air, water sources and soil are polluted by occupational poisons! It is one of the main reasons for the hidden poisoning of the majority of residents. C.2 Food pollution
C.2.1 Poisons directly contaminate food, and the eaters are poisoned without knowing it, such as pesticides contaminating vegetables and fruits, and seeds soaked in pesticides are processed as food, etc.
C.2.2 Poisoning caused by eating poultry, livestock or fish that have been contaminated by poisons, such as Japanese water retention disease. C.2.3 Using containers containing poisonous substances to hold food and drinks, such as using inferior tin pots (high in lead content) to hold wine, which causes lead colic caused by lead poisoning, etc.
C.2.4 Using poisonous substances as condiments or fermentation agents, such as using sodium nitrite as salt, sodium fluorosilicate as baking soda, and ethylene glycol as a beverage, etc.
C.2.5 Eating inappropriate items, such as the "Hukou disease" in Jiangxi, which is caused by eating cotton oil without proper heating: eating "fireworks salt" causes thallium poisoning, etc.
C.3 Water source pollution
C.4 Air pollution
5 Abuse of poisonous substances
Using poisonous substances on clothes, bedding, etc. as insecticides and disinfectants, and absorbing them through the skin to cause poisoning. C.6 Using folk remedies, folk prescriptions, or other drugs to cause poisoning, such as using folk medicines containing lead to treat epilepsy, and using folk medicines containing arsenic and mercury to treat psoriasis, etc.
C.7 Iatrogenic factors
Such as mistakenly mixing Sanisol with milk, using sodium nitrite as saline for enema, etc. C.8 Murder
Murder with poison, the victim is poisoned without knowing it.5. Eating inappropriate items, such as the "Hukou disease" in Jiangxi, which is caused by eating cotton oil without proper heating: eating "fireworks salt" causes thallium poisoning, etc.
C.3 Water source pollution
C.4 Air pollution
5 Abuse of poisons
Using poisons to apply to clothes, bedding, etc. as insecticides and disinfectants, and absorbing poison through the skin. C.6 Using folk remedies, folk remedies or other drugs to cause poisoning, such as using folk medicines containing lead to treat epilepsy, and using folk medicines containing arsenic and mercury to treat psoriasis.
C.7 Iatrogenic factors
For example, mistakenly using Sanisol to mix milk, using sodium nitrite as saline enema, etc. C.8 Murder
Murder with poison, the victim is poisoned unknowingly.5. Eating inappropriate items, such as the "Hukou disease" in Jiangxi, which is caused by eating cotton oil without proper heating: eating "fireworks salt" causes thallium poisoning, etc.
C.3 Water source pollution
C.4 Air pollution
5 Abuse of poisons
Using poisons to apply to clothes, bedding, etc. as insecticides and disinfectants, and absorbing poison through the skin. C.6 Using folk remedies, folk remedies or other drugs to cause poisoning, such as using folk medicines containing lead to treat epilepsy, and using folk medicines containing arsenic and mercury to treat psoriasis.
C.7 Iatrogenic factors
For example, mistakenly using Sanisol to mix milk, using sodium nitrite as saline enema, etc. C.8 Murder
Murder with poison, the victim is poisoned unknowingly.
Tip: This standard content only shows part of the intercepted content of the complete standard. If you need the complete standard, please go to the top to download the complete standard document for free.