This standard specifies the classification, basic requirements, performance testing and inspection methods of dangerous goods transport packaging, etc. It also specifies the type and marking code of packaging containers. This standard applies to transportation packaging for dangerous goods and is the basis for transportation, production and inspection departments to conduct performance testing and inspection of the quality of dangerous goods transportation packaging. This standard does not apply to: a. Transport packaging containing radioactive materials; b. Packaging of pressure vessels containing compressed gases and liquefied gases; c. Packaging with a net weight exceeding 400kg; d. Packaging with a volume exceeding 450L. GB 12463-1990 General technical conditions for transport packaging of dangerous goods GB12463-1990 Standard download and decompression password: www.bzxz.net

National Standards of the People's Republic of China
General specifications for transport packages ofdangerous goods
1 Subject content and scope of application
GB 12463--90
This standard specifies the classification, basic requirements, performance testing and inspection methods of dangerous goods transport packaging, etc. It also specifies the type and marking code of packaging containers.
This standard applies to transportation packaging for dangerous goods and is the basis for transportation, production and inspection departments to conduct performance testing and inspection of the quality of dangerous goods transportation packaging.
This standard does not apply to:
a.
Transport packaging containing radioactive materials;
Packaging of pressure vessels containing compressed gases and liquefied gases;b.| |tt||Packaging with a net weight exceeding 400kg;
c.
d.
Packaging with a volume exceeding 450L.
2 Reference Standards
GB 190
Dangerous Goods Packaging Marks
GB191
Packaging, Storage and Transportation Illustrated Marks
GB4857.2 Transportation Basic test of packages
Temperature and humidity adjustment treatment
GB4857.3 Basic test of transport packages
Stacking test method
Vertical impact drop test method
GB4857.5 Basic test of transport packages
3 Terms
3.1 Transport packages of dangerous goods Transport packages specially designed and manufactured according to the characteristics of dangerous goods and in accordance with relevant standards and regulations. 3.2 Hermetic seal
A closed form in which gas does not leak out from the sealing area after the container is sealed. 3.3 Liquid seal
A closed form in which liquid does not leak from the seal after the container is sealed. 3.4 Tight seal tight seal
A closed form that prevents solids from leaking out of the seal after the container is sealed. 3.5 Small open drum
A drum whose top opening diameter is no greater than 70mm is called a small open drum. 3.6 Middling open drum The diameter of the top opening of the drum is larger than that of the small open drum and smaller than that of the full open drum. It is called a middling open drum. National Technical Supervision Kitchen approved on 1990-09-07 and implemented on 1991-06-01
311
3.7 full open drum
complete open drum
The top of the barrel can be fully opened The barrel is called a fully open barrel. 3.8 Composite packaging composite packaging GB 12463--90
An overall packaging composed of an outer packaging and an inner container (or composite layer) is called composite packaging. 4 Packaging classification and basic requirements
Packaging classification
4.1
According to the strength and protective performance of the packaging structure and the degree of danger of the contents, it is divided into three levels: "Grade packaging: in compliance with the table [~The relevant provisions of Table 4 are applicable to goods containing greater hazards. Class II packaging: conforms to the relevant provisions of Tables 1 to 4, and is applicable to goods containing moderate hazards. Sub-category packaging: conforms to the relevant provisions of Tables 1 to 4. Suitable for goods containing less dangerous goods. Table 1
Test items
Basic
This
Test
) barrel (can)
aluminum barrel
wooden pipa barrel
plywood barrel
cardboard barrel
hard fiberboard barrel
steel Box
Natural Wooden Box
Plywood Box
Recycled Wooden Box
Hardboard Box
Hardboard Box
Corrugated Cardboard Box| |tt||Plastic barrels (cans)
Plastic boxes
Calcium plastic board boxes
囍
Quantity
Test method
Stacking
Code
Stacking height and duration
Test
Qualification standard
Test
See 8.3.1.1 ①Stacking Height: 3m for land transportation. The container should not be used in any way that may reduce its strength or cause stacking instability and affect transportation safety. Deck damaged
Transportation, stacking
Height is 3m
②Duration: 24h to one week
①Stacking height: 3m
②Duration Time: 28 days (temperature
40℃)
barrel-shaped composite packaging (inner container)
is plastic material)
box-shaped composite packaging (inner container)
is plastic material)
basket, basket
312
①Stacking height: 3m
②Duration: 24h
Remarks
Not allowed to be used as
Level 1 packaging
Trial
Martial test item
Quantity
Steel (iron) barrel (can) 6 pcs (each
European drop
aluminum bucket
wooden pipa bucket
plywood bucket
cardboard bucket
hardboard bucket
Plastic barrels (cans)
3 pieces)
Test method
See 8.3, 2.1
GB 12463—90
Table 2
Drop test
Drop height
Qualified standard recommendation
The substance inside the test piece is solid 1. For packages containing liquids, except for composite packaging, the pressure inside and outside the package Reach balance
The first drop: The bulge of the barrel should hit the liquid, or a liquid with a similar specific gravity that is diagonal to the edge of the liquid being transported (such as the 1-2-6 angle) should hit the impact surface. If the package has not been tested: Level 1 package: 1.80m
1 convex edge will be dropped by the circumferential seam or edge
: Use the barrel's
barrel composite packaging
natural wooden box
plywood box
recycled wooden box
The thin
weak part hits the impact surface, such as the sealing
closing device, or the longitudinal
direction weld (such as 5-6 line) of the barrel of the cylindrical barrel || tt||5 pieces (each | - The first drop: fall flat on the bottom of the box (3) | The second drop: flat on the box item (1) The third drop: fall flat on the ~ long side (2
1pc)
hard fiberboard box
cardboard box
corrugated cardboard box
calcium plastic box
plastic box
steel Box
Box-shaped composite packaging
or 4) flat drop
The fourth drop: flat drop with a short side (5
or 6)||tt| |The fifth drop: drop at one angle (such as 1-
2-5 angle)
3 textile woven bags (each first drop: drop at the flat surface of the bag (1 drop| |tt||2 times)
plastic bag
paper bag
plastic woven bag
or 3) flat drop
Level 1 packaging: 1.20m
The package remains leak-proof
2. The package (including the outer packaging of composite packaging and combination packaging) should not be damaged in any way that affects transportation safety
. However, for solid
grade packages: 0.80ml
, if the inner packaging remains intact
, even if the outer packaging is closed
No longer has the ability to prevent leakage, it should be regarded as
The closing device of the package no longer has the ability to prevent leakage
, but it is still regarded as the packaging is qualified
Remarks
3. During the test, if there is slight leakage of the contents of the closed area, as long as it does not continue after the test
The leakage shall be deemed as the packaging is qualified
4. Packages containing explosives are not allowed to be broken||tt ||5. The inner treatment layer or inner coating of the package should maintain its good protective performance
According to the degree of danger of the contained goods
Use:
Second drop: with End (Class 51 package: 1.2m or 6) 3 flat drops
(each |th
drop
3 times)
one drop: with the wide surface of the carboxylic acid (1||tt || or 3) flat fall
The second drop: with the narrow side of the bag (2
or 4) flat fall
The third drop: with the end of the bag ( 5
or 6) flat fall
Grade II packaging: 0.8m
The bag should not have any leakage or serious damage
not allowed
Used as!
Grade packaging
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Test ear
Trial
Steel drum
Aluminum drum
Steel can|| tt||steel-plastic composite barrel
plastic barrel
plastic tank
test project
its
this
trial||tt| |Steel (iron) barrels (cans)
Aluminum barrels
Plastic barrels (cans)
Quantity
3 pieces
Quantity
3 pieces
barrel composite packaging
(the inner container is made of plastic
material)
4.2 Basic requirements
Test method
GB 12463—90
Table 3
Air tightness test
Test pressure
Completely submerge the sample into the water, then
Qualification standard
Class I packaging should withstand no less than the container without air leakage. According to the pressure of 30kPa (0.3kgf/cm2) bZxz.net
, inflate and pressurize the sample and observe
whether bubbles are generated.
Grade 1 packaging in diffuse water should not
be qualified
The method may not affect the test results, and | if it is less than 20kPa (0.2kgf/cm2), other methods can be used. Effective test Fang Yuli
Method
Table 4
Hydraulic test
Test method
Install an index pressure gauge on the test container, test pressure||tt| |When the temperature is 50℃, the
qualification standard
Remarks
all
packaging containers intended to hold liquids should be subjected to airtight
tests
Remarks
The container is impermeable
All containers intended to contain liquids
are considered to be leaking and are deemed to be qualified. The lid should be hydraulically tightened, the hydraulic pump should be connected, and the 1.75 times the evaporation pressure in the container minus the water injection pressure. When the pressure gauge pointer reaches the required 100 kPa (1kgf/cm2), but
pressure, the plastic container and inner container are plastic. The minimum test pressure shall not be lower than Composite packaging made of other materials should withstand a 30-minute |100kPa (1kgf/cm2) pressure test; containers and composite packaging made of other materials should withstand a 5-minute pressure test. The test pressure shall be applied evenly and continuously and remain stable. If the sample is supported, it shall not affect the effect of the test
Test
4.2.1 The transportation packaging of dangerous goods should have a reasonable structure, a certain strength, and good protective performance. The material, type, specification, method and unit mass (weight) of packaging should be compatible with the nature and purpose of the dangerous goods contained, and should be convenient for loading, unloading, transportation and storage. 4.2.2 The packaging should be of good quality. Its structure and closure should be able to withstand various operational risks under normal transportation conditions. There should not be any leakage (spreading) due to changes in temperature, humidity or pressure. The packaging surface should be clean. Adhesion of harmful and hazardous substances is not allowed. 4.2.3 The parts of the packaging that are in direct contact with the contents should be internally coated or protected if necessary. The packaging material must not react chemically with the contents to form dangerous products or weaken the packaging strength. 4.2.4 Inner packagings should be secured. If it is fragile, it should be properly padded with lining material or absorbent material that is suitable for the nature of the contents. 4.2.5 Containers containing liquids should be able to withstand the internal pressure generated under normal transportation conditions. Sufficient expansion margin (reserved volume) must be left during filling. Unless otherwise specified, it should be ensured that the liquid inside does not completely fill the container when the temperature is 55C. 4.2.6 Packaging sealing should be tight sealing, liquid sealing or air sealing according to the nature of the contents. 4.2.7 When containing substances that need to be moistened or added with stabilizers, the closure form of the container should be able to effectively ensure that the percentage of the liquid inside (water, solvent and stabilizer) remains within the specified range during storage and transportation. 4.2.8 For packaging with a pressure-reducing device, the design and installation of the vents should be able to prevent the leakage of the contents and the entry of external impurities, and the amount of discharged gas must not cause danger or pollute the environment. | |tt | 4.2.10 Whether it is new packaging, reused packaging or repaired packaging, it should comply with the requirements of Chapter 8 of this standard, Performance Test of Dangerous Goods Transport Packaging.
4.2.11 Additional requirements for packaging of explosives: The closed form of containers containing liquid explosives should have double protection against leakage; a.
b. Unless the inner packaging can fully prevent the contact between explosives and metal objects, nails and other metal parts without protective coating shall not penetrate the outer packaging;
c, double crimped steel drums, metal drums or metal drums Lined packaging boxes should be able to prevent explosives from entering the gaps. Closing devices for steel or aluminum drums must have suitable gaskets: d. Explosive substances and articles in packages, including inner containers, must be properly padded and must not move dangerously during transportation e. For explosive items containing electrical triggering devices that are sensitive to external electromagnetic radiation, the packaging should have the function of preventing the contained items from being affected by external electromagnetic radiation sources.
4.2.12 Please refer to Appendix A (reference part) for the combination types, marking codes, weight limits, etc. of commonly used dangerous goods transport packaging. 5 Packaging containers
5.1 Steel (iron) barrels
5.1.1 The ends of the barrels should be welded or double mechanically crimped, and the crimps should be filled with sealant. The seams of the barrel body should be welded except for barrels containing solids or liquids below 40L (including 40L), which can be welded or mechanically seamed. 5.1.2 The flanges at both ends of the barrel should be mechanically jointed or welded, and reinforcing hoops can also be used. 5.1.3 The barrel body should have sufficient rigidity. For barrels with a volume greater than 60L, the barrel body should have two molded external convex ring bars, or two steel rolling hoops that are not connected to the barrel body and should be placed on the barrel body to prevent it from move. When the rolling hoop is fixed by welding, spot welding is not allowed, and the welding seam of the rolling hoop and the barrel body welding seam must not overlap.
5.1.4 The maximum volume is 450L.
5.1.5 The maximum net weight is 400kg.
5.2 Aluminum barrels
5.2.1 Barrel making materials should be aluminum with a purity of at least 99%, or aluminum alloys with corrosion resistance and suitable mechanical strength. 5.2.2 All joints of the barrel must be welded. If there are convex edge joints, they should be strengthened with reinforcing hoops that are not connected to the barrel. 5.2.3 For barrels with a volume greater than 60L, at least two metal rolling hoops that are not connected to the barrel body should be placed on the barrel body to prevent it from moving. When the rolling hoop is fixed by welding, spot welding is not allowed, and the welding seam of the rolling hoop and the barrel body welding seam must not overlap. 5.2.4 The maximum volume is 450L.
5.2.5 The maximum net weight is 400kg.
5.3 Steel Tanks
5.3.1 The seams at both ends of steel tanks should be welded or double mechanically crimped. The seams of cans above 40L should be welded; the seams of cans below 40L (including 40L) can be welded or double mechanically crimped. 5.3.2 The maximum volume is 60L.
5.3.3 The maximum net weight is 120kg.
5.4 Plywood barrels
5.4.1 The materials used for plywood should be of good quality. Water-resistant adhesive should be used to bond the layers between the layers according to the cross-grain. After drying, there should be no reduction in its intended performance. defect.
5.4.2 The barrel body shall be made of at least three-plywood. If materials other than plywood are used to construct barrel ends, their quality shall be equivalent to that of plywood. 5.4.3 There should be shoulders on the inner edge of the barrel. The lining of the lid should be firmly fixed on the lid and effectively prevent the contents from leaking. 5.4.4 Both ends of the barrel should be reinforced with steel strips. If necessary, the barrel end should be reinforced with cross-shaped wooden braces. 5.4.5 The maximum volume is 250L.
315
5.4.6 The maximum net weight is 400kg. | |tt | Defects in purpose effectiveness. 5.5.2. The barrel body should be reinforced with several reinforcing hoops. The reinforcing hoop should be made of good quality materials, and the barrel end should be tightly set in the barrel end groove.
The maximum volume is 250L.
5.5.31
5.5.4 The maximum net weight is 400kg.
5.6 Hardboard barrel
5.6.1 The material used should be high-quality hardboard with good water resistance. Other equivalent materials can be used at the end of the barrel. 5.6.2 The joints of the barrel body should be nailed and firmly bonded, and have the same strength as the barrel body. Both ends of the barrel body should be reinforced with steel strips. 5.6.3 The inner edge of the barrel mouth should have a shoulder pad, and the barrel bottom and lid should be reinforced with cross-shaped wooden supports and tightly integrated with the barrel body. 5.6.4 The maximum volume is 250L.
5.6.5 The maximum net weight is 400kg
5.7 Cardboard barrel
5.7.1 The barrel body should be made of cardboard made of multi-layer kraft paper bonded and pressed. The outer surface of the barrel should be coated with a protective layer with good water resistance. 5.7.2 If the barrel end is made of the same material as the barrel body, it should comply with the provisions of Articles 5.6.2 and 5.6.3. It can also be made of other equivalent materials. 5.7.3 The joint between the barrel end and the barrel body should be pressed and joined by steel strip crimping. 5.7.4 The maximum volume is 450L
5.7.5 The maximum net weight is 400kg
5.8 Plastic barrels and plastic tanks
5.8.1 The materials used can withstand wear and impact under normal transportation conditions , influence of temperature, light and aging 5.8.2 Appropriate UV protective agents can be added to the material, but they should be compatible with the properties of the contents of the barrel (tank) and maintain their effectiveness during the service period. Additives used for other purposes , shall not have harmful effects on the chemical and physical properties of packaging materials. 5.8.3 The thickness of any point on the barrel (tank) body should be adapted to the volume and use of the barrel (tank) and the pressure that each point may be subject to. 5.8.4 Maximum volume: plastic bucket is 450L; plastic tank is 60L.
5.8.5 Maximum net weight: plastic drum is 400kg; plastic tank is 120kg.
5.9 Natural wooden boxes
5.9.1 The box should have reinforcement bars and belts that are suitable for the volume and purpose. The top and bottom of the box can be made of water-resistant recycled wood board, hardboard, plastic board or other suitable materials. 5.9.2 Each part of a full-board wooden box should be composed of a board or a material equivalent to a board. Flat plate-like joints, lap joints, groove and tongue joints, or head-to-head connections with at least two corrugated metal fasteners at each joint can be considered as materials equivalent to a single plate. 5.9.3 The maximum net weight is 400kg.
5.10 Plywood Box
5.10.1 The materials used shall comply with the provisions of Article 5.4.1. 5.10.2 The corner posts and top of the plywood box should be assembled firmly using effective methods. 5.10.3 The maximum net weight is 400kg
5.11 Recycled wooden crates
The box should be made of water-resistant recycled wooden boards, hard fiberboard, or other suitable types of boards. 5. 11.1
5.11.2 The cabinet should be reinforced with a wooden frame. The cabinet and frame should be firmly assembled and the joints should be tight. 5.11.3 The maximum net weight is 400kg.
5.12 Cardboard boxes, corrugated boxes, calcium plastic board boxes 316
GB 12463--90
5.12.1 Cardboard boxes or calcium plastic board boxes should have a certain water resistance . Cardboard boxes, corrugated boxes, and calcium-plastic boxes should have certain bending properties. There should be no cracks when cutting and folding. There should be no cracks or skin breakage or excessive bending during assembly. The layers should be firmly bonded. 5.12.2 The joints of the boxes should be pasted with tape, overlapped and glued, or overlapped and nailed with steel nails or U-shaped nails. There should be appropriate overlap at the overlap. If the seal is glued or taped, a water-resistant adhesive should be used. 5.12.3 The external surface of the calcium plastic board box should have anti-slip properties. 5.12.4 The maximum net weight is 400kg.
5.13 Steel
5.13.1 The box should generally be welded or riveted. If the checkered box is jointed by double crimping, the contents should be prevented from entering the groove of the joint.
5.13.2 Closure devices should be of a suitable type and remain tight under normal transport conditions. 5.13.3 The maximum net weight is 400kg.
5.14 Textile woven bags
5.14.1 Bags must be made by sewing, weaving or other methods of equivalent strength. 5.14.2 For leak-proof bags, paper or plastic film should be adhered to the inner surface of the bag using a water-resistant adhesive. 5.14.3 Waterproof bags should have plastic film or other equivalent materials adhered to the inner surface of the bag. The maximum net weight is 50kg.
5.14.4
5.15 Plastic woven bags
5.15.1 Bags should be sewn, woven or made with other methods of equivalent strength. 5.15.2 Leak-proof bags should be adhered to the inner surface of the bag with paper or plastic film. 5.15.3 Waterproof bags should be adhered to the inner surface of the bag with plastic film or other equivalent materials. 5.15.4 The maximum net weight is 50kg.
5.16 Plastic Bags
5.16.1 The material of the bag should be made of good quality plastic. The seams and seals should be firm, have good sealing performance, have sufficient strength, and can be maintained under normal transportation conditions. its effectiveness.
5.16.2 The maximum net weight is 50kg
5.17 Paper bag
5.17.1 The material of the bag should be made of good quality multi-layer kraft paper or paper equivalent to kraft paper and have sufficient Strength and toughness. 5.17.2 The seams and seals of the bag should be firm, have good sealing performance, and maintain their effectiveness under normal transportation conditions. Spill-proof bags should have a moisture-proof layer.
5.17.3
5.17.4 The maximum net weight is 50kg.
5.18 Bottles and jars
5.18.1 There should be sufficient thickness, the container wall thickness should be uniform, and there should be no bubbles or blisters. The external surface of ceramic and porcelain containers shall not have obvious peeling or defects that affect their performance.
5.18.2 The maximum volume is 32L.
5.18.3 The maximum net weight is 50kg.
5.19 Baskets and baskets
5.19.1 should be made of high-quality materials, have a square shape, have a protective cover, and have a certain degree of rigidity. 5.19.2 The maximum net weight is 50kg.
6 Protective Materials
6.1 Protective materials include materials used for support, reinforcement, padding, buffering and adsorption. 6.2 The protective materials and protective methods used in the packaging of dangerous goods should be compatible with the performance of the contents and meet the needs of the overall performance of the transportation package. They should be able to withstand the impact and vibration during transportation and protect the contents and outer packaging. When the inner container is damaged, The outer packaging 317
can also be ensured to be safe and undamaged when the inner contents are flowing out.
Packaging marks and marking codes
7
7.1 marks
GB12463-90
According to the characteristics of dangerous goods, select the marks and markings specified in GB190 and GB191 Its size, color and how to use it. 7.2 Marking code
Dangerous goods transport packaging may adopt the marking code specified in this article as needed. 7.2.1 The marking code of the packaging level is represented by the following lowercase English letters: Packaging requirements.
z
7.2.2 The marking code of the packaging container is represented by the following Arabic numerals: 1
2-
one barrel;
one wooden pipa barrel ;
3-can;
4-box, box;
5-bag, hose;
6. Composite packaging;
7
Pressure vessel;
8.…basket, basket;
9
bottle, altar.
7.2.3
The material marking code of the packaging container is represented by the following uppercase English letters: A-
B-
C
D||tt ||Steel:
Aluminum;
Natural wood;
Plywood;
F—Recycled wood board (sawdust board);
G||tt| |H
L-
Hardboard, cardboard, corrugated cardboard, calcium plastic board; plastic materials;
woven materials;
M multi-layer paper;| |tt||N
Metals (except steel and aluminum)
p
Glass, ceramics;
wicker, wattle, rattan and bamboo.
7.2.4 Representation method of package combination type mark code: 7.2.4.1Single packaging
The single packaging model consists of an Arabic numeral and an English letter. The English letter represents the material of the packaging container, and the Arabic numerals on the left represent the type of packaging container. The Arabic numerals on the lower right side of the English letters represent the models of different openings of the same type of packaging container.
Example: 1A—
represents steel drum;
1A1--—represents small opening steel barrel;
represents medium opening steel barrel;
1A2
1A3——Indicates a fully open steel drum.
318
GB 12463—90
Please refer to Appendix A for details on how to express the opening models of other packaging containers. 7.2.4.2 Composite packaging
The composite packaging model consists of an Arabic numeral "6" indicating composite packaging and a set of characters indicating packaging material and packaging type. This set of characters consists of two uppercase English letters and an Arabic numeral. The first English letter indicates the material of the inner packaging, the second English letter indicates the material of the outer packaging, and the Arabic numerals on the right indicate the packaging type. Example: 6HA1 means the inner packaging is a plastic container and the outer packaging is a composite packaging of steel drums. 7.2.5 Other marking codes:
S - indicates the packaging mark intended to be packed with solids;
L - indicates the packaging mark intended to be packed with liquids; R indicates the packaging mark after repair; ||tt ||GB indicates compliance with national standards:
indicates compliance with United Nations requirements.
Example: Steel drum marking code and repaired marking code Example 1: New drum
Packaging type (small opening steel drum)
Packaging level (in line with Class II and III packaging requirements) Relative density
Test pressure (kPa)
Manufacturing year
1A,//T.4 /160 /83
GB
Example 2: Repair The rear barrel
CN／XX
Manufacturer code
China code
Packaging conforms to national standards
Packaging model (indicates a medium-opening steel drum)| |tt||Goods quality (kg) and packaging level
Solid code
Manufacturing year
1A2 / y200 / $/ 83
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