Some standard content:
MH/T1009-2000 "Technical Design Specification for Aerial Photography" shall be abolished from the date of implementation of this standard. Appendices A to C of this standard are normative appendices. Appendices D to J of this standard are informative appendices. This standard is jointly proposed by the Civil Aviation Administration of China and the State Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation. GB/T19294--2003
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Aviation Safety Technology Center of the Civil Aviation Administration of China and the Land Surveying and Mapping Technology Department of the State Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation. The drafting units of this standard are: Shanxi Branch of China Eastern Airlines Co., Ltd. and Jiangsu Provincial Bureau of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation. The main drafters of this standard are: Li Youwei, Xue Hengfu, Meng Ping, Zhai Yiqing, Liang Qingrong, Jin Junhao and Zhao Fuxiang. 1 Scope
Technical Design Specification for Aerial Photography
GB/T 19294-2003
This standard specifies the basic requirements, main contents and approval procedures for the technical design of aerial photography (hereinafter referred to as aerial photography design). This standard applies to the preparation of aerial design for aerial photogrammetry. 2 Normative references
The clauses in the following documents are incorporated into this standard through reference in this standard. For any dated referenced document, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, parties to an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For any undated referenced document, the latest version shall apply to this standard. GB/T788 Book and magazine format and format size (neqISO6716:1983) GB6962 1:500, 1:1000.1:2000 scale topographic map aerial photography specification GB/T1566 1:5000.110000 1:25000.1:50000 1:100000 topographic map aerial photography specification GB/T16176-1996 Notes and packaging of aerial photography products 3 Basic requirements for aerial photography design
3.1 Aerial photography projects should be technically designed. Technical design books should not be implemented without approval. 3.2 Aerial photography design should proceed from reality and actively adopt applicable new technologies, methods and processes. 3.3 Aerial photography design should reflect the principle of integrity, meet the requirements of users, and ensure the quality of aerial photography results with reliable design quality. The design plan should reflect the integration of economic and social benefits. 3.4 The aerial photography design book should have clear content, concise text and detailed information. 3.5 The nouns, terms, formulas, symbols, codes and measurement units in the aerial photography design document shall be consistent with relevant laws and regulations and standards. 3.6 Aerial photography design shall be designed by the aerial photography unit or by the user. 3.7
Aerial photography designers shall have the corresponding qualifications. 3.8 The basis for aerial photography design shall be the aerial photography contract (hereinafter referred to as the contract), relevant laws and regulations and technical standards. 4
Technical requirements for aerial photography design
4.1 Aerial photography design shall ensure that the aerial photography results can meet the requirements of aerial survey mapping accuracy. 4.2 The principles for selecting maps for aerial photography design are as follows: a)
It should be a basic scale topographic map recently published in the photography area; generally, it shall be selected according to the mapping scale according to Table 1, and it can also be selected according to the relevant provisions of GB6962 and GB/T15661. b)
Mapping scale
1:1000
1 10 000
1: 100 000
DEM is digital elevation model.
Design drawing scale
1+10000 or 1:10000DEM
125000~1:50000 or 1:50000DEM
1:100 000~1 : 250000 or 1: 50 000DEM,1 :100 000DEM1*250000DEM
GB/T19294—2003
The aerial photography scale is generally selected according to Table 2, and can also be agreed upon by the aerial photography unit and the user based on the purpose of mapping and the specific conditions of the photography area. 4.3 Map scale
1:1 000
1:2 000
1:5 000
1:10 000
1:25 000
1:50 000
1:100 000
4.4 The principles for dividing aerial photography zones are as follows:
The zone boundary should be consistent with the map outline;
Aerial photography scale
1:2 000～1:3 500
1: 3 500～1 : 7 000
1 : 7 000~1 : 14 000
1 : 10 000～~1 : 20 000
1 : 20 000~~1 : 40 000
1 : 25 000~1 : 60 000
1:35000~1: 80000
1:60000～1:100000
The terrain height difference within the zone is generally not greater than 1/4 of the relative flight altitude; when the aerial photography scale is greater than or equal to 1:8000, it is generally not b)
should be greater than 1/6 of the relative flight altitude;
The contrast of landforms and landform types within the zone should be as consistent as possible; c
Determine the minimum span of the zone according to the map scale. If the terrain height difference permits, the span of the aerial photography zone should be as large as possible. d)
Simultaneous zone The division should also take into account the requirements of the encryption method and point layout proposed by the user; when the ground elevation difference changes suddenly and the terrain features are significantly different, the aerial photography zones can be divided by breaking the map with the user's approval; e)
When dividing the zones, the safety distance and safety height in front of the aerial photography aircraft should be considered; when using GPS (Global Positioning System) to assist aerial triangulation, in addition to complying with the above regulations, the division of zones should also ensure that the boundaries of the zones are consistent with the boundaries of the encryption zones or that one photography zone can cover multiple complete encryption zones. 4.5 The flight route laying principles are as follows:
a) The flight direction of the route is generally designed to be east-west. Under certain conditions, it can also be designed to fly in the north-south direction or along any direction such as roads, rivers, coasts, borders, etc. according to the terrain trend or the needs of professional surveying and mapping; when laying the route according to the conventional method, the route should be parallel to the map outline, and the first and last routes at the edge of the shooting area should be designed on the boundary of the shooting area b)
line or outside the boundary line;
When the route is laid according to the center line of the map sheet or the common outline line of two adjacent rows of mapping sheets according to the contract requirements, attention should be paid to calculating the impact of the highest point on the boundary outline of the shooting area and the guarantee of the overlap with the adjacent routes. When the situation cannot be guaranteed, the aerial photography scale should be adjusted;
d) When laying routes in waters and sea areas, the main point should be avoided from falling into the water as much as possible, and all islands should be covered completely and form a stereo image pair;
When GPS is used for navigation, the longitude and latitude (i.e. coordinates) of the first and last photography stations of each route should be calculated; e)
When GPS assists aerial triangulation:
Control routes should be laid at both ends of the encrypted partitioned routes according to the contract requirements; control routes should meet the requirements of GB/T15661; when laying routes along the centerline of the map, one route should be extended to each edge of the survey area parallel to the aerial photography flight direction. 4.6 The best season for aerial photography should be selected within the period of aerial photography specified in the contract, taking into account the following main factors: a) Many sunny days in the shooting area; b) Good atmospheric transparency; c) Sufficient light; d) The surface vegetation and its covering (such as floods, snow, crops, etc.) have the least impact on photography and mapping; e) Color infrared and true color photography should generally be avoided in winter in the north. 4.7 The principles for selecting the time of aerial photography are as follows:
GB/T19294—2003
a) It is necessary to ensure sufficient illumination and avoid excessive shadows, and it is generally implemented according to the provisions of Table 3. For steep mountainous areas with extremely large height differences or megacities with dense high-rise buildings, the following formula can also be used for calculation during design: T = 12h
costg
Where:
/1--coste
90°—4
T—Local time of the photography area (should be converted to Beijing standard time when used); 12h——Local noon time in the photography area;
-Sun hour angle, in degrees (°); Sun altitude angle required for photography, in (\); hg
-Sun declination on the photography date, in degrees (°); Average latitude of the photography area, in degrees (°). Table 3
Terrain categories
Hills, small towns
Mountains, medium-sized cities
Steep mountainous areas with large height differences and
Big cities with dense high-rise buildings
Sun altitude angle (he)
Photography is limited to 1 hour before and after local noon Shadow multiple/times
b) Deserts, Gobi deserts and other areas with strong ground reflections, generally should not be photographed within 2 hours before and after local noon; Color infrared and true color photography should be carried out within the color temperature range of 4500K to 6800K; After rain, when the water droplets on the surface of green vegetation have not dried up c)
Color infrared photography should not be carried out.
The selection of aerial photography instruments and aerial photography materials should be selected according to the contract requirements. 4.8
4.9The photography area where ground signs and GPS base stations need to be laid out according to the contract requirements should be explained in the aerial photography design book. 5 Format and content structure of aerial photography design book
5.1 Format of aerial photography design book cover
5.1.1 The cover of aerial photography design book shall include the name of the design book, code of the photography area, user unit, implementation period, compilation unit, compiler, approval unit, approver and compilation time. 5.1.2 The name of the aerial photography design book shall be written in the following format: name of province (municipality, autonomous region) - name of photography area - aerial photography technical design book Example: Aerial photography technical design book of Luohe photography area in Henan Province 5.1.3. The name of the aerial photography design book shall be in bold font size 1, and other elements shall be in bold font size 4. 5.1.4 The size of the aerial photography design book shall be A4 format (210mm×297mm) as specified in GB/T788. The cover format of the aerial photography design book is shown in Appendix A.
5.2 Content structure of aerial photography design book
5.2.1 The contents of aerial photography design book shall include: cover, mission description, aerial photography factor calculation table, flight time calculation table, aerial photography material consumption calculation table, GPS navigation data table, shooting area outline map, etc. 5.2.2 The mission description of aerial photography design book shall also include the special contents proposed by the user in the contract. 3
GB/T192942003
6 Method and procedure for preparing aerial photography design book
6.1 Preparation work for aerial photography design
6.11 Understand the contract content and user requirements. 6.1.2 Prepare technical design drawings. According to the shooting area map provided in the user contract, accurately mark the shooting area on the design map. 6.2 Division of aerial photography zones
6.1.1 According to the contract and the division of aerial photography zones, the shooting area shall be divided into several aerial photography zones on the topographic map or DEM soil. 6.2.2 After the zoning is completed, the zoning should be numbered on the shooting area map and design map from left to right and from top to bottom. 6.3 Determine the average plane elevation (rate) of the zoning 6.3.1 The average plane elevation of the zoning is the average elevation plane that makes the average elevation of the high points and the average elevation of the low points in the zoning account for half of the area, excluding the individual highest and lowest points in the zoning. 6.3.2 When using DEM design, the average plane elevation of the zoning is calculated using the following formula: h
Where:
平 - average plane elevation of the zoning, in meters (m) n
h - elevation value of the DEM grid point in the zoning, in meters (m). 6.3.3 The formula for calculating the average plane elevation of the sub-zone by selecting elevation points on the topographic map is as follows: a) In plains and flat areas with small elevation differences in terrain, use the following formula: h平h最病th继然
Where:
h平区中平平平重病th继然
h平中平平重平中
h低平平中
h平平区中平平平重平
h低平平中
h平平区中平平平重平
h低平平
h平平区中平平高平
h低平平
h平平区中平高平
h低平
h平平区中平高平
h低平
h平平区中平高平
h高高平
h低低
Wu中,
h平区中平高平
h高率均——average elevation of high points in the sub-zone in meters (m); h低低
h低平区中平高平
h高率均——average elevation of high points in the sub-zone in meters (m); c) In mountainous areas with high and steep terrain, when safety assurance is in question, the following formula shall be used for calculation: h乎Hu一城
Heh突十h安
Hw =mf
武中:
h single zone average plane elevation, in meters (m); H地一一zone absolute flight height, in meters (m); H箱区 relative flight height, in meters (m); 我英一zone highest point elevation, in meters (m); Ji'an aircraft to the highest point in the zone safety height specified value, in meters (m), m zone aerial photography scale denominator,
f aerial photography instrument main distance, in millimeters (mm). 6.3.4 The determination of the average plane elevation shall ensure the accuracy of the aerial photography scale specified in the contract. GB/T192942003
6.3.5 Calculate the safe flight altitude and side and front safety distance of the aerial photography aircraft, and check whether the terrain within the aerial photography flight range meets the requirements of flight safety. The calculation method is shown in Appendix B.
6.4 Draw a rough map of the shooting area
6.4.1 The requirements for drawing a rough map of the shooting area are as follows: drawing in a standardized manner, with neat fonts and accurate data on the map; strong)
The drawing specification is A4 format;
The line width is based on the outline of the map, and the boundaries of the sub-areas and shooting areas are widened one by one according to the magnification relationship. The notes on the rough map of the shooting area are as follows:
Shooting area code (the name of the shooting area shall be noted below it when necessary)6)
Division number,
Map sheet number:
Longitude and latitude of the shooting area
Important towns, rivers, lakes;
National boundaries and no-fly zones:
Explanation.
The format and annotation requirements of the sketch map of the shooting area are shown in Appendix C. 6.5 Calculation of main aerial photography data
The main contents of the calculation of aerial photography factors are as follows:
District difficulty category, see Appendix Dbzxz.net
District area;
Aerial photography scale;
District average plane elevation;
Absolute flight height:
Baseline length;
Route interval;
Route length,
Number of photos in a zone.
The calculation table of aerial photography factors is shown in Appendix E
6.5.2 When GPS navigation method is used, navigation data should also be calculated according to the route. The format of GPS navigation data table is shown in Appendix F. The main contents of aerial photography time calculation are as follows:
Aerial photography time;
Daily average photography time;
Photography sorties;
Total round-trip flight time;
GB/T 19294—2003
e) Aerial photography auxiliary flight time;
f) Total aerial photography flight time,
g) Estimated stop time. The format of the aerial photography time calculation table is shown in Appendix G. 6.5.4 The calculation contents of photography material consumption are as follows: a) Aerial film:
b) Photographic paper;
c) Chemicals. The format of the calculation table of photosensitive materials and chemicals is shown in Appendix H. 6.6 Compile the task description
The contents of the task description are as follows:
Task source, basis for preparation and design and basic overview: airport to be used, aircraft type, type of aerial camera and focal length, navigation method;b)
Topography, ground features, meteorological conditions, favorable and unfavorable factors for executing the task in the photography area;d
Special technical requirements for ground processing and quality of results in the contract, requirements for the provision of aerial photography data;
Other matters that need to be explained in particular: such as national boundaries, restricted areas, safety altitude guarantees, etc.;f
When GPS-assisted aerial triangulation is used, the requirements for aerial photography flights should be noted.7 Verification and approval procedures for aerial photography design documents
7.1 Verification of aerial photography design documents
7.1.1 The aerial photography design document should be self-checked and mutually checked by the compiling personnel;7.1.2 The technical person in charge of the compiling unit should verify and sign, and be responsible for the correctness of the design data. 7.1.3 The contents of verification are as follows:
Whether the zoning division is reasonable;
Whether the safety height is guaranteed;
Whether the design data is correct;
Whether the shooting area and longitude and latitude notes shown in the shooting area map are correct;
Whether the mission description is complete;
f) Other contents that should be verified.
7.2 Approval of aerial photography design book
7.2.1 The aerial photography design book shall be approved by the business supervisor of the preparation unit. 7.2.2 The aerial photography design book can only be organized for production after approval. 7.2.3 The aerial photography design book prepared by the aerial photography unit shall be filed with the user after approval. 7.2.4 If the aerial photography design book needs to be modified or supplemented in principle, the preparation unit may propose the modification or supplement and report it to the original approval unit for approval in a timely manner before implementation.
A.1 Elements of the cover of the aerial photography design book
The cover of the aerial photography design book stipulates the elements that should be included. 2 Format of the cover of the aerial photography design book
See Schematic Diagram A.1.
(Normative Appendix)
Format of the cover of the aerial photography design book
G/T19294—2003
GB/T 19294--2003
Photography area code:
User unit:
Execution period:
Approval unit (seal)
Approval opinion:
Approver (signature)
XXX Aerial photography technical design book
Preparation unit (seal)
Technical person in charge (signature)
Preparator (signature)
Year, month, day
Figure A.1 Cover of the aerial photography technical design book||t t||Year Month Day
King Air Force
Heljet
Double Water Seal
Y-12
Appendix B
(Normative Appendix)
Table of safety altitudes and side and front safety distances of various aviation aid aircraftSafety altitude/
200 (mountainous area)
100 (launch)
Side safety distance/
Note 1, when the King Air performs a large-scale mission, its safety altitude and double-front distance are alternated. Front safety distance
GB/T19294--2003
Maximum flight altitude
10 000
12 000
Note 2: When planning zoning, the square safety distance is equal to the distance between the two baselines and the ground and the specified value of the corresponding aircraft type: the square safety distance is equal to the sum of the distance between the two baselines and the ground and the distance of the aircraft type in level flight for 30 seconds, the aircraft turning rate diameter, and the specified value of the corresponding aircraft type. GB/T19294-2003
Appendix C
(Normative Appendix)
Format and annotation requirements of the district outline
C.1 The annotation requirements of the district outline shall comply with the provisions of B2 in Appendix B of GB/T16176-1996. C.2 The format of the district outline is shown in Figure C.1.
109°00
109°30
110°00
110°30
Figure C.1 Sketch map of the photography area
Explanation:
1. Type of aerial camera: RC-10A
Focal length: 152mm
2. Aerial photography scale: 1:20000
3. Requirements for overlap of aerial photographs: 60%
4. Indication of aircraft activity model
5. Indication of national borders
36°40
111\30
(Informative Appendix)
Division of difficult areas for aerial photography
D. Category 1 areas: Songliao Plain in Northeast China, North China Plain, East China Plain, Yager Basin, Inner Mongolia Grassland. GB/T 19294-2003
D.2 Category II: Tarim Basin in Xinjiang, western Henan, eastern Loess Plateau in Gansu (excluding Qilian Mountain), Shanxi, north of Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi, Sanjiang Plain in Northeast China, northern Jiangsu, northern Anhui, Taishan in Shandong, Guangdong. D.3 Category III: Huixi, most of Zhejiang, southern Guangxi, Hubei, most of Hunan, Greater and Lesser Khingan Mountains in Northeast China, Altai Mountains in Xinjiang and central and eastern Tianshan Mountains, eastern Qinghai, Hainan Island, Sichuan Basin. Category IV: Kunming area in Yunnan, Fujian, Ganxiao-Qilian, western Xintianshan and Altun, south of Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi, Bailong River in Gansu, northwestern Hunan.
D.5 Category V: Tibet, Guizhou, Yunnan (excluding Kunming area), Sichuan (excluding Sichuan Basin). 6 Difficulty in the division of boundaries, see the diagram of the current agency. The above regional categories shall be adjusted accordingly when the National Bureau of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation or the Civil Aviation Administration of China issues the latest regional division standards. 115 Category V areas: Tibet, Guizhou, Yunnan (excluding Kunming), Sichuan (excluding Sichuan Basin). 6 Difficulty category boundary division refer to the current agency diagram. The above regional categories will be adjusted accordingly when the National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping or the Civil Aviation Administration of China issues the latest regional division standards. 115 Category V areas: Tibet, Guizhou, Yunnan (excluding Kunming), Sichuan (excluding Sichuan Basin). 6 Difficulty category boundary division refer to the current agency diagram. The above regional categories will be adjusted accordingly when the National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping or the Civil Aviation Administration of China issues the latest regional division standards. 11
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