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China Industrial Gas Network
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MPTUJPURMPTU
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Terminology for electronic measuring instruments
Terminology for electronic measuring instrumentsGB 1146489
This standard is equivalent to the International Electrotechnical Commission IEC50 (Chapter 301.303) (1983 Edition) International Electrotechnical Vocabulary and the International Electrotechnical Commission 66th Technical Committee and other various types of electrical measuring instrument standards [See Appendix C (reference) for details. Basic terms and general terms in the standard.
1 Subject content and scope of application
This standard specifies the basic terms within the professional scope of electronic measuring instruments and the general terms in some categories of electronic measuring instruments. This standard is applicable to the formulation of various standards for electronic measuring instruments and the preparation of various technical documents within the field of electronics, and is also applicable to scientific research, teaching and other aspects.
2 Terms about instrument namesbZxz.net
2.1 Measuring instrument measuring instrument An instrument used to detect or measure a quantity or to provide a quantity for measurement purposes. a.
b. A device used to convert the quantity to be measured or related into an evaluation value or equivalent information. Electronic measuring instrument electronic measuring instrument22
A measuring instrument that uses electronic technology to measure electrical or non-electrical quantities. Measuring equipment measuring quipmcnt
A combination of measuring instruments used for a certain measurement purpose. Measuring system measuring system
A complete set of measuring instruments and other equipment that are combined to perform a certain measurement task. 2.5 Detecting instrument An instrument that is used only to detect a quantity without focusing on its value, and sometimes also indicates the approximate value and (or) sign of the quantity. Analogue instrument
A measuring instrument whose output information given or displayed is a continuous function of the quantity being measured. 2.7
Digital instrumentdigital instrumenta measuring instrument that receives the measured value as a coded discrete signal or converts the measured value into a coded discrete signal and outputs or displays it in digital form.
2.8 indicating instrumenta measuring instrument that can display the measured value at any time without recording it. 2.9 recording instrumentrecordera measuring instrument that can record the information corresponding to the measured value on a medium. Note: () Some recording instruments may include indicating devices. Some recording instruments may record information corresponding to more than one measured value. Approved by the Ministry of Machinery and Electronics Industry of the People's Republic of China on March 31, 1989 and implemented on January 1, 1990
XY recorder
GB 11464-89
A recording instrument in which two independent devices move the scriber along two orthogonal axes, each of which is applied with a quantity to be recorded.
Note: When one of the quantities is time, this instrument is called an X(t) recorder or a Y(t) recorder. 2.10 Fixed instrument Fixcd instrument An instrument for permanent installation. An instrument permanently connected to one or more external circuits. 2.11 Portable instrument An instrument that can be carried by hand and can be connected or disconnected by the user. 2.12 Single range instrument An instrument with only one measuring range.
2.13 Multi-range instrument An instrument with more than one measuring range. 2.14 Single-function instrument An instrument that can measure only one kind of quantity.
2. 15 Multi-function instrument An instrument that can measure multiple kinds of quantities.
2.16 Telemetering equipment A measuring device that uses telecommunication technology to indicate or record the value of a quantity at a certain distance from the measuring point. 2.17 Differential measuring instrument A device used to measure the difference between two quantities of the same kind that actually exist simultaneously in different circuits. 2.18 Ratio-meter Ratio-meter An instrument used to measure the ratio of two quantities of the same kind. Programmable measuring apparatus 2. 19 A measuring instrument that can perform the specified operation when it receives a command from the system and can also transmit the measurement results to the system. Digital voltmeter (ammeter) (ohmmeter) digitalvoltmeter (atmmeter) (ahmmeter) 2.20
An instrument that uses analog-to-digital conversion to measure voltage (current) (ohmmeter) values and gives digital results 2.21
Multimeter
A multi-range, multifunctional instrument used to measure voltage, current, and sometimes other electrical quantities (such as resistance). 2.22
Insulation resistance meterInsulation resistance meterAn instrument used to measure insulation resistance.
Frequency meterFrequency meter
An instrument used to measure the frequency of periodic signals. 2.24
Phase meterPhase rneter
An instrument used to measure the phase angle between two alternating electrical quantities of the same frequency (one of which is used as a reference phase). 2.25 Power meterPowermeter
An instrument used to measure active power.
Digital frequency meterdigital frequency meter226
An instrument that displays the frequency of the measured signal in digital form. Measuring bridgemeasuring bridge
A measuring device consisting of at least four branches (arms) or four groups of circuit elements (resistors, inductors, capacitors, etc.) connected in a quadrilateral. One diagonal in the measuring quadrilateral is powered by a power supply, and the other diagonal is connected to a zero detector or a measuring instrument.
:2.28 Network analyzernetwork analyzerGB11464—89
A multifunctional instrument used for high-frequency or microwave network analysis. It can usually perform transmission, reflection, input impedance, output impedance, time delay and group delay measurements.
2.29 Reflectometertreflectometer
An instrument used to measure the ratio of the reflected wave to the corresponding incident wave amplitude in the transmission medium. 2.30 slotted line a section of transmission line (e.g. waveguide) with a longitudinal non-radiating slot in its wall into which a measuring probe is inserted. 2.31 signal generator a shielded source of electrical signals having a sinusoidal (or other) waveform whose frequency, amplitude and modulation characteristics (if any) can be set to fixed or variable values within specified limits.
amplitude modulated signal generator an amplitude modulated signal generator in which the frequency, voltage and modulation factor of the signal can be fixed or varied within specified limits. 2.33 frequency modulated signal generator general or frequency modulated signal generator in which the frequency, voltage and frequency deviation of the signal can be fixed or varied within specified limits. 2.34 synthesized sigual generator a signal generator in which the frequency of the output signal is derived arithmetically from a reference frequency (usually internal). 2.35 Sweep-frequency signal generator A signal generator with broadband frequency modulation. The modulation waveform used is usually a low-frequency sawtooth wave, which can provide a frequency axis for the graphical display of the frequency characteristics of the device under test relative to the frequency change. 2.36 Function generator A signal generator that can generate a variety of specific time functions (such as sine, square, triangle, etc.) for testing. 2.37
Noise generator
A signal generator that can provide a uniform spectrum "white noise" signal with a known intensity within a specified bandwidth for testing. 2.38 Pulse generator A signal generator that can generate electrical signals. Its output terminal provides electrical signals in the form of pulses directly or through a transmission line. 2.39 Oscilloscope
An instrument that represents the instantaneous value of a quantity in the form of a short sweep trace. 2.40 Cathode-ray oscilloscope A type of oscilloscope used for measurement or observation. It uses the deflection of one or more electron beams to obtain a display representing the instantaneous value of a function of a variable, usually time.
measuring oscilloscope2.41
is an oscilloscope used for measurement, which measures with a certain accuracy by means of scale or calibrated switch positions (such as the knob position of the deflection coefficient and the time coefficient).
Note: Measuring oscilloscopes do not necessarily have internal calibration devices. It is necessary to distinguish between the following two types of oscilloscopes. One uses calibrated coordinates for measurement, and the other does not directly use coordinates for measurement. Its coordinates are only used as a method of conversion to another calibration device. 2.42 Observation oscilloscope is an oscilloscope suitable only for qualitative observation of variables. It does not have a certain accuracy. Note: Some observation oscilloscopes, when their linearity is good and their performance is stable, can also be used for measurement after external calibration. 2.43 Storage oscilloscope is an oscilloscope that can retain information by some method, except for the normal afterglow display of the carbon screen. 2.44 Sampling oscilloscope sampling oscilloscope An oscilloscope that uses the method of signal sampling to make the obtained sampling points form a coherent display. Past: Sampling oscilloscopes can use sequential sampling or random sampling, and their display can be expressed in equivalent time or time. 2.45 Multi-trace oscilloscope multitracenscillascope GB 11464—B9
is an oscilloscope that can observe or measure several electrical phenomena at the same time, and each phenomenon is displayed as a separate light trace. Note: Multi-trace can be obtained from:
points. Oscilloscope tube with multiple guns (multiple beams): b. Oscilloscope tube with separated beams (splitting): single beam and electronic switch (alternating or intermittent display), oscilloscope with multiple oscilloscope tubes.
Digital storage oscilloscope digital storagoscilloscope 2.46
Storage oscilloscope using digital technology.
Logic Analyzer
An instrument suitable for hardware analysis and software analysis, which is used to obtain logic signals in real time in response to trigger events and display these signals in various ways. Its main features are that it can record from a single channel (serial mode) or from multiple channels (parallel mode) at the same time, and can display the signals captured before and (or) after the trigger event. 2.48Spectrum AnalyzerSpecirum AnalyzerAn instrument generally used to display the power (or amplitude) of the input signal versus the frequency distribution. Note: This instrument is generally used to analyze the characteristics of repetitive waveforms, so that by repeatedly scanning within the frequency range under study, all components of the signal can be displayed. This instrument is used to study steady-state signals, that is, signals whose spectrum hardly changes during continuous analysis. 2.49Stabilized Power SupplyA device that obtains electrical energy from a source and provides stable electrical energy to the output terminals above. 2.50Constant Voltage Power SupplyConstant Voltage Power SupplyA power supply that can stabilize the output voltage relative to changes in the base. 2.51
constant current power supply constant current power supply power supply that can output a stable current relative to the change of the influencing quantity. 2.52 constant voltage/constant current power supply constant voltage/constant current power supply a power supply that operates as a constant voltage source or a constant current source depending on the load conditions. 3 Terms about accessories
3.1 Accessory (for measuring instrument) Accessory (for measuring instrument) A component or group of components or devices used in conjunction with a measuring instrument to give it various specified characteristics. 3.2 Interchangeable accessory, an accessory whose performance and accuracy do not affect the performance and accuracy of the instrument used in conjunction with it. 3.3 Accessory of limited interchangeability Accessory whose performance and accuracy can only be used in conjunction with certain measuring instruments with characteristics within a specified range. 3.4 Non-interchangeable accessory Accessory that is suitable for the characteristics of a specific instrument. 3.5 Voltage divider voltage divider
A device composed of resistors, inductors, capacitors, transformers or a combination of these components. When a voltage is applied to the device as a whole, the required partial voltage can be obtained between the two points of the device. 3.6 Shunt
A resistor connected in parallel with the measuring instrument circuit in order to reduce the current passing through the measuring instrument circuit in a known proportion. Note: Shunts are generally used to provide a voltage proportional to the current being measured. 3.7 Beries resistor A resistor connected in series with the voltage circuit of the measuring instrument in order to expand its effective range. 3.8 Series capacitor A capacitor connected in series with the voltage circuit of the measuring instrument in order to expand its effective range. 3.9 Series inductor GB11464-89
An inductor connected in series with the voltage circuit of a measuring instrument in order to expand its effective range. 3.10 Probe
An input device that transmits the measured value in an appropriate form in the instrument. It is generally made into an independent unit and connected to the instrument with a flexible cable
3. 11 Plug-in unit
A detachable component of the instrument. When it is inserted into the instrument through a plug and socket connection, it enables the instrument to perform a specific function. 3.12 Attenuator
A device that reduces the value of an electric quantity according to a certain ratio. 3 Comparator
A device that can give information on the difference between two quantities by comparison. 3.14 Frequency multiplier is a device that can provide an output whose frequency is a multiple of the input frequency. 3.15 Frequency divider
A device that divides the frequency of a continuous wave signal into integers. 3.16 Remote control device A device that controls an instrument from a certain distance.
4 Terminology regarding performance indicators
4.1 True value
The value of a perfectly determined quantity under the given conditions. Note: The true value of a quantity is an ideal concept that cannot usually be known exactly. 4.2 Conventional true value An approximation to the true value of a quantity that, when used, makes its difference from the true value negligible. Note: (1) The conventional true value of a basis is usually determined by means of certain methods and using instruments whose accuracy is appropriate to each particular case. Since the true value cannot be known precisely, for the sake of simplicity, the term "true value" can be used instead of "conventional true value" where there is no confusion. 4.3 Fiducial value
A clearly specified value, based on which the standard error is defined. Note: For example, this value can be the measured value, the upper limit of the measuring range, the dial range, a preset value, or other clearly specified value. 4.4 Indicated value
For measuring instruments, it is the indicated value or recorded value. For standard instruments: it is the nominal value or nominal value. For supply instruments: it is the set value or nominal value. 4.5 Rated value
The value specified by the manufacturer for the equipment and instrument under the specified working case. 4.6 Performance performance
The degree to which an instrument performs its intended function.
4.7 Performance characteristic A quantity specified to define the performance of an instrument (described by value, tolerance and range). Note: (1) Depending on the application, in this standard, the same quantity may be called a performance characteristic and a measured quantity or a supply quantity, or an influencing quantity. ② In addition, the term "performance characteristic" also includes the quotient of the disk, such as voltage per unit length. 4.8 Influence quantity
A quantity that is not the measured object but affects the value of the measured value or the indicated value of the measuring device. GB 11464-89
Note: () The influencing quantity may be external or internal to the device. ② When the value of a performance characteristic changes within its measuring range, it may affect the error of another performance characteristic. ③》A measured base or its parameter can play an influencing role. For example; the voltage value of a voltmeter may produce additional errors due to nonlinearity, and its frequency change may also cause additional errors. 4.9 Reference conditions rcference conditions specify a suitable set of influencing quantities and performance characteristics of the reference value and reference range of the tolerance, and the inherent error is specified according to this. 4. 10 Reference value relerence value
Specified value of one of the reference conditions.
Note: The reference value carries a tolerance.
4.11 Reference rangereferenccrange
A range of specified values of one of the reference conditions. 4.12 Rated operating conditionsnormaloneratingconelitionsA set of specified measuring ranges of performance characteristics and specified operating ranges of influence quantities within which the variation or operating error of the instrument is specified and measured.
4.13 Specified operating rangespecified aperating rangeA range of values of a single influence quantity which forms part of the rated operating conditions. 4.14 Specified measuring rangespecifi cmeasnringrangA set of values of the measured quantity within which the error of the measuring instrument shall be within specified limits. Note: ①An instrument may have several specified measuring ranges. The assumed measuring range may be smaller than the numerical indication range. ③This term was previously called the “valid range”. 4.15 Limiting conditionslimit conditions Extreme conditions to which a measuring instrument can be subjected in its working state. Under these conditions, the instrument will not be damaged, and its performance will not be reduced when the instrument is restored to its rated working conditions.
4.16 Storage and transport conditions Extreme conditions to which a measuring instrument can be subjected in its non-working state. Under these conditions, the instrument will not be damaged, and its performance will not be reduced when the instrument is restored to its rated working conditions.
4.17 Absolute errorabsolute error
The indicated value of a measuring instrument minus the (conventional) true value of the measurand. Note: For a supply quantity, the indicated value is its nominal value or scale value. 4.18 Relative errorrelative error
The ratio of the absolute error (expressed in the unit of the measurand or supply quantity) to the convention true value. 4.19 Intrinsic errorintrinsic errorThe error of an instrument under reference conditions.
Note that the error caused by friction is part of the inherent error. 4.2 Variation
The difference in the indication of an indicator or recording instrument, or the difference in the indication of the (agreed) true value of a measuring instrument, when a single influencing quantity takes two different values successively. 4.21 Operating error The error of a performance characteristic obtained at any point within the rated operating conditions. Note: When the values of various influencing quantities take a certain combination within their operating range, the operating error will have an extreme value (regardless of the sign). 4.22 Limits of error
The positive and negative extreme values of the error specified by the manufacturer for an instrument operating under specified conditions. 4.23 Incremental range GB 11464--89
The range of values covered by a micro-adjustment knob when the main control knob is set to the value close enough. 4.24 Accuracy
Characterizes the closeness of the indicated value of an instrument to the corresponding true value. Note: The closer the indicated value is to the corresponding true value, the better the accuracy. 4.25 linearity
The ability of an instrument to provide an indication or output that is linearly related to a certain quantity (excluding influencing quantities). Note: Different methods of expressing poor linearity are used for different types of instruments. 4.26 resolution
The smallest change in the measured or supplied quantity that can be assigned a value without interpolation. 4.27 fiducial error
The ratio of the absolute error to the standard value.
5 Terminology concerning measurement methods
5.1 Direct measurement (method of) a measurement method that directly obtains the value of the measured quantity without calculating the functional relationship between the measured quantity and other actually measured quantities.
Note: However, it is necessary to use a chart to convert the scale value of the measuring instrument into the measured value. The value obtained in this way is also considered to be directly measured. ② Even if some supplementary measurements are needed to determine the value of the influencing quantity for correction, it is still considered a direct method; 5.2 Indirect measurement (method) A measurement method that obtains the value of the measured quantity by directly measuring other quantities that have a known relationship with the measured quantity. 5.3 Comparison measurement (method) A measurement method that basically compares the measured value with the value of a similar known quantity. 5.4 Substitution (method of) measurement A comparative measurement method that selects a known base value of the same type to replace the measured value so that the two values produce the same results for the measuring instrument.
5.5 Complementary measurement (method) A comparative measurement method that adjusts a known value combined with the measured value so that the sum of the two values is equal to a predetermined comparison value.
5.6 differential measurement (method of) differential measurement A comparative measurement method that uses a known value that differs from the measured value only by a factor of 1 to compare with the measured value and measure the algebraic difference between them.
5.7 null measurement (method of) null measurement A measurement method that adjusts the difference between the measured values of the same known quantity used for comparison to zero. 5.8 beat method (of measurernent) A differential measurement method that uses the beat phenomenon between the relative frequencies of two comparison quantities (one is the measured value and the other is the reference value).
5.9 resonance (uf measurement) A comparative measurement method that uses the resonance or near resonance state to establish a known relationship between two comparison values of a specific quantity.
6 Terms about safety
6.1 Live Part
Conductor or conductive part used to carry electricity during normal use, including neutral conductor, but excluding protective neutral conductor according to convention. Note: This term does not involve the meaning of electric shock hazard. 6.2 Hazardous live part hazardous live part GB 11464-89
Part that may cause electric shock or electrical burns under normal or fault conditions. 6.3 Accessible part accessible
Part that can be touched by standard test. 6.4 Isolated extra-low voltage (SELV) isolated extra-low voltage is a measure of protection against electric shock. It limits the voltage value of the circuit isolated from other circuits and ground. Note: SEl.V was originally called safety extra low voltage. 6.5 Earthed isolated extra-low voltage (SELV-E) separated extra-low voltage earthed Voltage of a circuit that meets the requirements of SELV circuits in all other aspects except that it is grounded. 6.6 Basic insulation Basic insulation Insulation of live parts, the failure of which may cause a risk of electric shock. Note: Basic insulation may also be used as auxiliary insulation. Supplementary insulation Supplementary insulation 6.7
An independent insulation added to basic insulation to prevent electric shock when basic insulation fails 6.8 Double insulation Double insulation Insulation consisting of both basic insulation and supplementary insulation. 6.9 Reinforced insulation Reinforced insulation The ability of protection against electric shock of live parts is not less than that of double insulation. Note: Reinforced insulation is not necessarily a homogeneous insulator, it may be composed of several insulations, and cannot be tested separately like supplementary insulation or basic insulation.
Protectiveimpcdance
Components or components connected between live parts (or parts that become live in a fault condition) and accessible conductive parts: the protection against electric shock provided by the components or components is not less than that of double insulation under the conditions of impedance and structural reliability. 6.11 High integrity
No failure that endangers safety will occur.
Note: High integrity components or components refer to components (groups) that will not fail in a fault condition test. 6.12 Installation category (overvoltage category) Installation system or circuit components are classified according to standardized transient overvoltage limit values, which are faster than the nominal network voltage to earth.
6.13 Impulse withstand valtage The maximum peak value of impulse voltage with specified waveform and polarity that will not cause breakdown under specified test conditions. 6.14 Pollution degree pollution degree
Refers to the possible presence of solid, liquid or gaseous (ionized gas) foreign matter, which causes a decrease in dielectric strength or surface resistivity.
Pollution degrees are divided into:
Pollution level I: no pollution or only dry non-conductive pollutants. Pollution level II: usually only non-conductive pollutants. However: occasionally there will be short-term conductivity caused by the accumulation of pollutants. 6.15 Clearance clearance
The shortest spatial distance between two conductive parts. 6.16 Creepage distance The shortest distance between two conductive parts along the surface of the insulating material. 6.17 Reference test ground relerence earth GB11464-89
Reference point for test and insulation test. 6.18 Terminal 1erminal
Part of the equipment used for external electrical connection.
Note: The terminal may include one or more terminal contacts. 6.19 Functional earth terminal Functional earth terminal Connected to a certain point of the measuring circuit or control circuit, or directly connected to the shield part, the terminal is used for functional grounding and not for safety grounding.
Note, this terminal on the measuring equipment is generally referred to as "measurement grounding". Protective conductor terminal prolective conductor terminal terminal6-20
Connected to the conductive part of the equipment for safety protection, this terminal is used to connect to the external protective grounding system. Protective bonding
Electrical connection between the exposed conductive part and the protective shield that is connected to the external protective conductor to maintain electrical continuity. 6.22 Rated insulation voltage Rated insulation voltage refers to the voltage of the equipment without components or parts. It is related to the dielectric voltage test and the insulation distance. Note: For equipment without specified rated insulation voltage, the maximum voltage value of the components or equipment related to the performance characteristics specified by the manufacturer can be regarded as the rated insulation voltage.
6.23 Working voltage Working voltage The effective value of the maximum (local) AC voltage that may appear on any insulation when it is open circuit or working normally under the rated supply voltage (ignoring the change of state), the maximum DC voltage or the maximum composite voltage. 6.24 Encinsure
A protective component of equipment to protect the equipment from certain external influences and prevent direct contact in any direction. 6.25 Barrier
A protective component of equipment to prevent direct contact of operators in any direction that is often easily touched. 7 Terms related to electromagnetic compatibility
7.1 Ambient level
The value of radiated or conducted signals and noise present at the specified test location and time. 7.2 arrangement
The physical (spatial) relationship of a product or system to its environment and to the other product units of a system. 7.3 broadband radio noise broadband radio noise radio noise with a relatively large spectrum width relative to the nominal bandwidth of the measuring instrument, and whose spectrum components are close enough that the measuring instrument cannot distinguish them.
7.4 conducted emission conducted emission electromagnetic energy generated by a device along a conductor. 7.5 configuration
the specific type of product (component of a product or complete system) and the reasonable connections between them necessary to perform a meaningful task. 7.6 equipment under test (EL:T) a representative product or system or external equipment being tested or evaluated. 7.7 Line Impedance Stabilization Network (LISN) A network (sometimes called an artificial power network) inserted into the power supply line of the equipment under test. When measuring the radio noise voltage, it can provide the specified test impedance and isolate the equipment under test from the power supply at the radio frequency. 7.8 Measuring Receiver A "test receiver" is generally defined as a frequency-selective device with (or having) a frequency axis. Examples of "test receivers" are frequency counters, spectrum and network analyzers, and frequency-selective voltmeters. 2.9 Narrowband radio noise Narrawband radio noise A type of radio noise whose spectrum appears as one or more peaks. The width of the peaks is limited to the nominal bandwidth of the measuring instrument and are separated far enough in the frequency domain to be resolved by the instrument. 7.10 Operating state operating condition The mode of operation and the sequence of events or operations performed by the equipment under test. 7.11 Radio noise Iadionoige
Electromagnetic energy in the radio frequency range that may be superimposed on the desired signal. 7.12 Random noise randomnoise
Electromagnetic interference (noise) caused by a large number of discrete disturbances that occur randomly in time and amplitude. This term is most often applied to the extreme case where the number of transient disturbances occurring per unit time is large enough that its spectral characteristics are the same as thermal noise (thermal noise and shot noise are both examples of random noise).
7.13 Worst case emission Worst case emission A set of signal frequencies and levels emitted by a given product or system in a state, arrangement and operating condition that is closest to the practical specification.
7.14 Groundplane
A flat conductive surface used to reflect electromagnetic waves impinging on it. 7.15 Radiated emission Radiated electromagnetic energy generated by a device and radiated into space. 7.16 Radiated radio noise Noise Radio noise radiated into space may include both the electric field (E) and magnetic field (H) components. 7.17 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) When communication electronic equipment can perform their respective functions together in the same electromagnetic environment, there is no electromagnetic interference from or to other equipment or systems in the same environment that causes or suffers unacceptable degradation. Such a situation is called electromagnetic compatibility. 8 General terms
8.1 Warm-up time warm-up iime
The time interval from the auxiliary circuit being powered on to the time when the instrument can be used (starting) as specified in the manufacturer's instructions. 8.2 Pre-conditioning time pre-conditioning time The time from the time the specified value to be measured is applied to the internal measuring circuit to the time when the instrument reaches the accuracy requirements. 8.3 Pre-adjustments preliminary adjustmentstnents Adjustments that must be made according to the manufacturer's specifications before use in order to enable the instrument to work with the specified accuracy. 8.4 Readjustments
Necessary adjustments made according to the manufacturer's specifications before use in order to enable the instrument to work with the specified accuracy. 8.5 Calibration calibration
All operations performed to determine the error value and other metrological characteristics (if necessary) of the measuring instrument. 8.6 Stabilization
Measures and methods for a measuring instrument to maintain its indicated value or supplied value within a specified time when the influencing quantity and (or) load (if any) varies within specified limits.
8.7 Measuring chain
In one or more measuring instruments, a complete set of converters and connecting elements between the first element (sensor) and the last element (such as indicating, recording, storage, etc.) of the chain. 8.8 Repeatability (of measures) GB 11464--89
The degree of closeness between the results of successive measurements of the same value of the same quantity under the following conditions: a.
Using the same method:
Using the same measuring instrument;
By the same observer:
In the same laboratory!
With a relatively short time interval;
Under unchanged conditions.
Reproducibility
reptoducibility (of 8.9 The closeness of the results of separate measurements of the same value of a quantity made: a. by different methods; b. with different measuring instruments; c. by different observers; e. in different laboratories; e. at intervals considerably longer than the time of the individual measurements; e. using the instruments used under different customary conditions. Note: This term also applies where only some of the above conditions are considered. 8.10 Load characteristic The linear or nonlinear relationship between the output voltage and the output current for a specified load at fixed settings. Note: (The load may be complex and/or nonlinear. ② This term may include overcut effects. 8.11 Attenuation The ratio of the output value to the input value of a similar quantity in a device or system. 8.12 Gain Instrument) device or system, the ratio of the output value to the input value of the same quantity that is equal to or greater than 1. 8.13 Sensitivity sensitivity
The quotient of the change in output information and the change in the auxiliary input quantity that produces this change. Note: For instruments with intentional nonlinear conversion characteristics, sensitivity is a function of the input value. b. The input value required to produce an output that exceeds the output that already exists due to other reasons (such as noise) (the excess amount is a specified amount).
8.14 Reliability reliability
The ability of the instrument to perform the specified function under specified conditions and within a specified period of time. 8.15 AC voltage (current) distortion acvoltage (current) distortion The deviation of the waveform of the voltage (current) from the required waveform. Voltage (current) distortion can be expressed by the following quantities; a.
DC voltage (current) content)
Harmonic content;
Harmonic components;
Modulation,
Random deviation;
Voltage (current) unbalance.
Harmonic content
The number obtained by subtracting the fundamental component from a non-sinusoidal periodic function.
The ratio of the effective value of the harmonic content to the effective value of the non-sinusoidal periodic function.
The ratio of the effective value of the harmonic content to the effective value of the non-sinusoidal periodic function.
The ratio of the effective value of each harmonic of the periodic function to the fundamental component of the harmonic content ...
Analogue representation of a physical quantity analogue representation of a physical quantity 8.21
A physical quantity is represented by another physical quantity. When the represented physical quantity varies continuously within a certain interval, the represented physical quantity can take any value continuously within the specified interval. 8.22 Digital representation of a physical quantity digital representation of a physical quantity When the represented physical quantity varies within a specified interval, the physical quantity is represented by a discrete number or a digital signal or both. B.23 Analogue signal analogue singnal signal with one or more continuous ranges of parameter values, each parameter value is associated with different information. For a quantity, the analogue signal is the analogue representation of the quantity. 8.24 Digital signal digital signal
Signal with discontinuous values within a range of parameter values, each value range is associated with different information. For a quantity, the digital signal is the digital representation of the quantity. 8.25 Quantization
A process. In this process, the range of the variable is divided into a finite number of separate subranges (called quanta), which are not necessarily equal, and each quantization unit is represented by a value assigned to it in the subrange or "quantization value". For example, the age of a person is quantized in most cases using a quantum of one year. B.26 Quantization unit quantizatian unit The width of a subrange when the subranges are nominally equal. Note: Linear errors will occur when the quantization units become unequal. B.27 Quantization step yuantizatiunstep The width of a subrange when the subranges are intentionally unequal. Note: These step units will be taken into account when encoding. 8.28 Code cade
A set of recognized, unambiguous rules for representing data by a characteristic number in a character set. 8.29 Encode encde(to)
Apply a code to perform the transformation.
Note: On a digital voltmeter, the display output is usually decimal coded and the output is usually coded in decimal. In binary coding, the output codes commonly used by analog/digital converters are: two's complement binary coding, three-bit coding, two-to-five coding, binary abbreviation coding, etc. B.30 Sampling sampling
The process of extracting and storing one or more instantaneous values of a signal for further processing and display. 8.31 Random sampling
The sampling process of uncertainty allows a significant time interval between the signal and the sampling action, that is, the process of using such randomly extracted samples to form a corresponding display.
8.32 Sequential sampling sequential sampling The sampling process of sampling points that lag (depending on the soft advance) in sequence relative to the trigger starting point. B.33 Wave wave
The change in the physical state of a medium when one or more disturbances propagate in the medium as a time function due to one or more disturbances.5 calibration
All operations performed to determine the error values and other metrological characteristics (if necessary) of a measuring instrument. 8.6 Stabilization
Measures and methods for a measuring instrument to maintain its indicated value or supplied value within a specified time when the influencing quantity and (or) load (if any) varies within specified limits.
8.7 Measuring chain
In one or more measuring instruments, a complete set of converters and connecting elements between the first element (sensor) and the last element (such as indicating, recording, storage, etc.) of the chain. 8.8 Repeatability (of measures) GB 11464--89
The degree of closeness between the results of successive measurements of the same value of the same quantity under the following conditions: a.
Using the same method:
Using the same measuring instrument;
By the same observer:
In the same laboratory!
With a relatively short time interval;
Under unchanged conditions.
Reproducibility
reptoducibility (of 8.9 The closeness of the results of separate measurements of the same value of a quantity made: a. by different methods; b. with different measuring instruments; c. by different observers; e. in different laboratories; e. at intervals considerably longer than the time of the individual measurements; e. using the instruments used under different customary conditions. Note: This term also applies where only some of the above conditions are considered. 8.10 Load characteristic The linear or nonlinear relationship between the output voltage and the output current for a specified load at fixed settings. Note: (The load may be complex and/or nonlinear. ② This term may include overcut effects. 8.11 Attenuation The ratio of the output value to the input value of a similar quantity in a device or system. 8.12 Gain Instrument) device or system, the ratio of the output value to the input value of the same quantity that is equal to or greater than 1. 8.13 Sensitivity sensitivity
The quotient of the change in output information and the change in the auxiliary input quantity that produces this change. Note: For instruments with intentional nonlinear conversion characteristics, sensitivity is a function of the input value. b. The input value required to produce an output that exceeds the output that already exists due to other reasons (such as noise) (the excess amount is a specified amount).
8.14 Reliability reliability
The ability of the instrument to perform the specified function under specified conditions and within a specified period of time. 8.15 AC voltage (current) distortion acvoltage (current) distortion The deviation of the waveform of the voltage (current) from the required waveform. Voltage (current) distortion can be expressed by the following quantities; a.
DC voltage (current) content)
Harmonic content;
Harmonic components;
Modulation,
Random deviation;
Voltage (current) unbalance.
Harmonic content
The number obtained by subtracting the fundamental component from a non-sinusoidal periodic function.
The ratio of the effective value of the harmonic content to the effective value of the non-sinusoidal periodic function.
The ratio of the effective value of the harmonic content to the effective value of the non-sinusoidal periodic function.
The ratio of the effective value of each harmonic of the periodic function to the fundamental component of the harmonic content ...
Analogue representation of a physical quantity analogue representation of a physical quantity 8.21
A physical quantity is represented by another physical quantity. When the represented physical quantity varies continuously within a certain interval, the represented physical quantity can take any value continuously within the specified interval. 8.22 Digital representation of a physical quantity digital representation of a physical quantity When the represented physical quantity varies within a specified interval, the physical quantity is represented by a discrete number or a digital signal or both. B.23 Analogue signal analogue singnal signal with one or more continuous ranges of parameter values, each parameter value is associated with different information. For a quantity, the analogue signal is the analogue representation of the quantity. 8.24 Digital signal digital signal
Signal with discontinuous values within a range of parameter values, each value range is associated with different information. For a quantity, the digital signal is the digital representation of the quantity. 8.25 Quantization
A process. In this process, the range of the variable is divided into a finite number of separate subranges (called quanta), which are not necessarily equal, and each quantization unit is represented by a value assigned to it in the subrange or "quantization value". For example, the age of a person is quantized in most cases using a quantum of one year. B.26 Quantization unit quantizatian unit The width of a subrange when the subranges are nominally equal. Note: Linear errors will occur when the quantization units become unequal. B.27 Quantization step yuantizatiunstep The width of a subrange when the subranges are intentionally unequal. Note: These step units will be taken into account when encoding. 8.28 Code cade
A set of recognized, unambiguous rules for representing data by a characteristic number in a character set. 8.29 Encode encde(to)
Apply a code to perform the transformation.
Note: On a digital voltmeter, the display output is usually decimal coded and the output is usually coded in decimal. In binary coding, the output codes commonly used by analog/digital converters are: two's complement binary coding, three-bit coding, two-to-five coding, binary abbreviation coding, etc. B.30 Sampling sampling
The process of extracting and storing one or more instantaneous values of a signal for further processing and display. 8.31 Random sampling
The sampling process of uncertainty allows a significant time interval between the signal and the sampling action, that is, the process of using such randomly extracted samples to form a corresponding display.
8.32 Sequential sampling sequential sampling The sampling process of sampling points that lag (depending on the soft advance) in sequence relative to the trigger starting point. B.33 Wave wave
The change in the physical state of a medium when one or more disturbances propagate in the medium as a time function due to one or more disturbances.5 calibration
All operations performed to determine the error values and other metrological characteristics (if necessary) of a measuring instrument. 8.6 Stabilization
Measures and methods for a measuring instrument to maintain its indicated value or supplied value within a specified time when the influencing quantity and (or) load (if any) varies within specified limits.
8.7 Measuring chain
In one or more measuring instruments, a complete set of converters and connecting elements between the first element (sensor) and the last element (such as indicating, recording, storage, etc.) of the chain. 8.8 Repeatability (of measures) GB 11464--89
The degree of closeness between the results of successive measurements of the same value of the same quantity under the following conditions: a.
Using the same method:
Using the same measuring instrument;
By the same observer:
In the same laboratory!
With a relatively short time interval;
Under unchanged conditions.
Reproducibility
reptoducibility (of 8.9 The closeness of the results of separate measurements of the same value of a quantity made: a. by different methods; b. with different measuring instruments; c. by different observers; e. in different laboratories; e. at intervals considerably longer than the time of the individual measurements; e. using the instruments used under different customary conditions. Note: This term also applies where only some of the above conditions are considered. 8.10 Load characteristic The linear or nonlinear relationship between the output voltage and the output current for a specified load at fixed settings. Note: (The load may be complex and/or nonlinear. ② This term may include overcut effects. 8.11 Attenuation The ratio of the output value to the input value of a similar quantity in a device or system. 8.12 Gain Instrument) device or system, the ratio of the output value to the input value of the same quantity that is equal to or greater than 1. 8.13 Sensitivity sensitivity
The quotient of the change in output information and the change in the auxiliary input quantity that produces this change. Note: For instruments with intentional nonlinear conversion characteristics, sensitivity is a function of the input value. b. The input value required to produce an output that exceeds the output that already exists due to other reasons (such as noise) (the excess amount is a specified amount).
8.14 Reliability reliability
The ability of the instrument to perform the specified function under specified conditions and within a specified period of time. 8.15 AC voltage (current) distortion acvoltage (current) distortion The deviation of the waveform of the voltage (current) from the required waveform. Voltage (current) distortion can be expressed by the following quantities; a.
DC voltage (current) content)
Harmonic content;
Harmonic components;
Modulation,
Random deviation;
Voltage (current) unbalance.
Harmonic content
The number obtained by subtracting the fundamental component from a non-sinusoidal periodic function.
The ratio of the effective value of the harmonic content to the effective value of the non-sinusoidal periodic function.
The ratio of the effective value of the harmonic content to the effective value of the non-sinusoidal periodic function.
The ratio of the effective value of each harmonic of the periodic function to the fundamental component of the harmonic content ...
Analogue representation of a physical quantity analogue representation of a physical quantity 8.21
A physical quantity is represented by another physical quantity. When the represented physical quantity varies continuously within a certain interval, the represented physical quantity can take any value continuously within the specified interval. 8.22 Digital representation of a physical quantity digital representation of a physical quantity When the represented physical quantity varies within a specified interval, the physical quantity is represented by a discrete number or a digital signal or both. B.23 Analogue signal analogue singnal signal with one or more continuous ranges of parameter values, each parameter value is associated with different information. For a quantity, the analogue signal is the analogue representation of the quantity. 8.24 Digital signal digital signal
Signal with discontinuous values within a range of parameter values, each value range is associated with different information. For a quantity, the digital signal is the digital representation of the quantity. 8.25 Quantization
A process. In this process, the range of the variable is divided into a finite number of separate subranges (called quanta), which are not necessarily equal, and each quantization unit is represented by a value assigned to it in the subrange or "quantization value". For example, the age of a person is quantized in most cases using a quantum of one year. B.26 Quantization unit quantizatian unit The width of a subrange when the subranges are nominally equal. Note: Linear errors will occur when the quantization units become unequal. B.27 Quantization step yuantizatiunstep The width of a subrange when the subranges are intentionally unequal. Note: These step units will be taken into account when encoding. 8.28 Code cade
A set of recognized, unambiguous rules for representing data by a characteristic number in a character set. 8.29 Encode encde(to)
Apply a code to perform the transformation.
Note: On a digital voltmeter, the display output is usually decimal coded and the output is usually coded in decimal. In binary coding, the output codes commonly used by analog/digital converters are: two's complement binary coding, three-bit coding, two-to-five coding, binary abbreviation coding, etc. B.30 Sampling sampling
The process of extracting and storing one or more instantaneous values of a signal for further processing and display. 8.31 Random sampling
The sampling process of uncertainty allows a significant time interval between the signal and the sampling action, that is, the process of using such randomly extracted samples to form a corresponding display.
8.32 Sequential sampling sequential sampling The sampling process of sampling points that lag (depending on the soft advance) in sequence relative to the trigger starting point. B.33 Wave wave
The change in the physical state of a medium when one or more disturbances propagate in the medium as a time function due to one or more disturbances.
by different methods
with different measuring instruments;
by different observers:
in different laboratories:
at intervals considerably longer than the time of a single measurement; using the instruments used under different customary conditions. NOTE: This term also applies to cases where only some of the above conditions are considered. 8.10 Load characteristic The linear or nonlinear relationship between the output voltage and the output current for a specified load at fixed settings. NOTE: (The load may be complex and/or nonlinear. ② This term may include overcut effects.
8.11 Attenuation
The ratio of the output value of a small, similar quantity to the input value in a device or system. 8. 12 Gain Instrument) device or system, the ratio of the output value to the input value of the same quantity that is equal to or greater than 1. 8.13 Sensitivity sensitivity
The quotient of the change in output information and the change in the auxiliary input quantity that produces this change. Note: For instruments with intentional nonlinear conversion characteristics, sensitivity is a function of the input value. b. The input value required to produce an output that exceeds the output that already exists due to other reasons (such as noise) (the excess amount is a specified amount).
8.14 Reliability reliability
The ability of the instrument to perform the specified function under specified conditions and within a specified period of time. 8.15 AC voltage (current) distortion acvoltage (current) distortion The deviation of the waveform of the voltage (current) from the required waveform. Voltage (current) distortion can be expressed by the following quantities; a.
DC voltage (current) content)
Harmonic content;
Harmonic components;
Modulation,
Random deviation;
Voltage (current) unbalance.
Harmonic content
The number obtained by subtracting the fundamental component from a non-sinusoidal periodic function.
The ratio of the effective value of the harmonic content to the effective value of the non-sinusoidal periodic function.
The ratio of the effective value of the harmonic content to the effective value of the non-sinusoidal periodic function.
The ratio of the effective value of each harmonic of the periodic function to the fundamental component of the harmonic content ...
Analogue representation of a physical quantity analogue representation of a physical quantity 8.21
A physical quantity is represented by another physical quantity. When the represented physical quantity varies continuously within a certain interval, the represented physical quantity can take any value continuously within the specified interval. 8.22 Digital representation of a physical quantity digital representation of a physical quantity When the represented physical quantity varies within a specified interval, the physical quantity is represented by a discrete number or a digital signal or both. B.23 Analogue signal analogue singnal signal with one or more continuous ranges of parameter values, each parameter value is associated with different information. For a quantity, the analogue signal is the analogue representation of the quantity. 8.24 Digital signal digital signal
Signal with discontinuous values within a range of parameter values, each value range is associated with different information. For a quantity, the digital signal is the digital representation of the quantity. 8.25 Quantization
A process. In this process, the range of the variable is divided into a finite number of separate subranges (called quanta), which are not necessarily equal, and each quantization unit is represented by a value assigned to it in the subrange or "quantization value". For example, the age of a person is quantized in most cases using a quantum of one year. B.26 Quantization unit quantizatian unit The width of a subrange when the subranges are nominally equal. Note: Linear errors will occur when the quantization units become unequal. B.27 Quantization step yuantizatiunstep The width of a subrange when the subranges are intentionally unequal. Note: These step units will be taken into account when encoding. 8.28 Code cade
A set of recognized, unambiguous rules for representing data by a characteristic number in a character set. 8.29 Encode encde(to)
Apply a code to perform the transformation.
Note: On a digital voltmeter, the display output is usually decimal coded and the output is usually coded in decimal. In binary coding, the output codes commonly used by analog/digital converters are: two's complement binary coding, three-bit coding, two-to-five coding, binary abbreviation coding, etc. B.30 Sampling sampling
The process of extracting and storing one or more instantaneous values of a signal for further processing and display. 8.31 Random sampling
The sampling process of uncertainty allows a significant time interval between the signal and the sampling action, that is, the process of using such randomly extracted samples to form a corresponding display.
8.32 Sequential sampling sequential sampling The sampling process of sampling points that lag (depending on the soft advance) in sequence relative to the trigger starting point. B.33 Wave wave
The change in the physical state of a medium when one or more disturbances propagate in the medium as a time function due to one or more disturbances.
by different methods
with different measuring instruments;
by different observers:
in different laboratories:
at intervals considerably longer than the time of a single measurement; using the instruments used under different customary conditions. NOTE: This term also applies to cases where only some of the above conditions are considered. 8.10 Load characteristic The linear or nonlinear relationship between the output voltage and the output current for a specified load at fixed settings. NOTE: (The load may be complex and/or nonlinear. ② This term may include overcut effects.
8.11 Attenuation
The ratio of the output value of a small, similar quantity to the input value in a device or system. 8. 12 Gain Instrument) device or system, the ratio of the output value to the input value of the same quantity that is equal to or greater than 1. 8.13 Sensitivity sensitivity
The quotient of the change in output information and the change in the auxiliary input quantity that produces this change. Note: For instruments with intentional nonlinear conversion characteristics, sensitivity is a function of the input value. b. The input value required to produce an output that exceeds the output that already exists due to other reasons (such as noise) (the excess amount is a specified amount).
8.14 Reliability reliability
The ability of the instrument to perform the specified function under specified conditions and within a specified period of time. 8.15 AC voltage (current) distortion acvoltage (current) distortion The deviation of the waveform of the voltage (current) from the required waveform. Voltage (current) distortion can be expressed by the following quantities; a.
DC voltage (current) content)
Harmonic content;
Harmonic components;
Modulation,
Random deviation;
Voltage (current) unbalance.
Harmonic content
The number obtained by subtracting the fundamental component from a non-sinusoidal periodic function.
The ratio of the effective value of the harmonic content to the effective value of the non-sinusoidal periodic function.
The ratio of the effective value of the harmonic content to the effective value of the non-sinusoidal periodic function.
The ratio of the effective value of each harmonic of the periodic function to the fundamental component of the harmonic content ...
Analogue representation of a physical quantity analogue representation of a physical quantity 8.21
A physical quantity is represented by another physical quantity. When the represented physical quantity varies continuously within a certain interval, the represented physical quantity can take any value continuously within the specified interval. 8.22 Digital representation of a physical quantity digital representation of a physical quantity When the represented physical quantity varies within a specified interval, the physical quantity is represented by a discrete number or a digital signal or both. B.23 Analogue signal analogue singnal signal with one or more continuous ranges of parameter values, each parameter value is associated with different information. For a quantity, the analogue signal is the analogue representation of the quantity. 8.24 Digital signal digital signal
Signal with discontinuous values within a range of parameter values, each value range is associated with different information. For a quantity, the digital signal is the digital representation of the quantity. 8.25 Quantization
A process. In this process, the range of the variable is divided into a finite number of separate subranges (called quanta), which are not necessarily equal, and each quantization unit is represented by a value assigned to it in the subrange or "quantization value". For example, the age of a person is quantized in most cases using a quantum of one year. B.26 Quantization unit quantizatian unit The width of a subrange when the subranges are nominally equal. Note: Linear errors will occur when the quantization units become unequal. B.27 Quantization step yuantizatiunstep The width of a subrange when the subranges are intentionally unequal. Note: These step units will be taken into account when encoding. 8.28 Code cade
A set of recognized, unambiguous rules for representing data by a characteristic number in a character set. 8.29 Encode encde(to)
Apply a code to perform the transformation.
Note: On a digital voltmeter, the display output is usually decimal coded and the output is usually coded in decimal. In binary coding, the output codes commonly used by analog/digital converters are: two's complement binary coding, three-bit coding, two-to-five coding, binary abbreviation coding, etc. B.30 Sampling sampling
The process of extracting and storing one or more instantaneous values of a signal for further processing and display. 8.31 Random sampling
The sampling process of uncertainty allows a significant time interval between the signal and the sampling action, that is, the process of using such randomly extracted samples to form a corresponding display.
8.32 Sequential sampling sequential sampling The sampling process of sampling points that lag (depending on the soft advance) in sequence relative to the trigger starting point. B.33 Wave wave
The change in the physical state of a medium when one or more disturbances propagate in the medium as a time function due to one or more disturbances.21
A physical quantity is represented by another physical quantity. When the represented physical quantity changes continuously within a certain interval, the represented physical quantity can take any value continuously within the specified interval. 8.22 Digital representation of a physical quantity When the represented physical quantity changes within a specified interval, the physical quantity is represented by a discrete number or a digital signal or both. B.23 Analogue signal A signal with one or more continuous ranges of parameter values, each parameter value is associated with different info
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