Some standard content:
ICS_65.020.40
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T 15776—1995
Technical regulations
forafforestation
Published on December 8, 1995
Implementation on July 1, 1996
Published by the State Administration of Technical Supervision
Subject content and scope of application
Referenced standards
Determination of forest species
Selection of tree species
Mixed afforestation and replacement of tree species
Afforestation density
Seeds and seedlings
Afforestation land preparation
Afforestation methods
Afforestation season…
Nursing and management
Afforestation construction design| |tt||Inspection and acceptance·
Afforestation technology archives
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Appendix A Afforestation density table of main tree species (supplement).
: Afforestation zones and main afforestation tree species table (reference) Appendix B
Appendix C
Suitable growth conditions table of main afforestation tree species (reference) times
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National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Afforestation technical regulations
Technical regulations
for afforestation
1 Subject content and scope of application
GB/T15776-1995
This regulation specifies the content and requirements of artificial afforestation (including artificial regeneration on site), afforestation by aerial seeding, and afforestation technology for closing mountains and sand. This regulation applies to state-owned afforestation, collective afforestation, individual afforestation and various forms of cooperative afforestation throughout the country. 2 Reference standards
GB2772
Testing methods for forest seeds
GB6000
GB7905
GB7906
GB7907
GB7908
GB9982
Main afforestation tree species and seedlings
High-yield tung oil forest
High-yield tea oil forest
High-yield walnut and nut quality
Forest seeds
Chestnut high-yield Production forest
GB10016
Storage of tree seeds
GB/T15162
GB/T15163
LY1000
LY1058
LY1059
Technical regulations for afforestation by aircraft seeding
Technical regulations for closed-mountain (sand) afforestation
Container seedling technology
Fast-growing and high-yield forest of Japanese larch
High-yield technology for bamboo forest
ZBB64001
ZBB64002
ZBB64003
ZBB64004
ZBB64006
ZBB64007
ZBB64008
ZBB64010
ZBB64011
3 General Principles
Fast-growing and high-yield Chinese fir forest
Fast-growing and high-yield Chinese larch and Dahurian larch forest Fast-growing and high-yield Chinese pine forest|| tt||Eucalyptus citrifolia fast-growing and high-yield forest
Artificial poplar fast-growing and high-yield timber forest
Massonia pine fast-growing and high-yield forest
Jujube tree high-yield forest
Metasequoia fast-growing and high-yield timber forest
Slash pine fast-growing and high-yield timber forest
3.1 In order to standardize afforestation technology, improve afforestation results, accelerate the cultivation of forest resources, and give full play to their economic, ecological and social benefits, this regulation is formulated in accordance with the "Forestry Law of the People's Republic of China" and the "Implementation Rules of the Forestry Law of the People's Republic of China". Approved by the State Bureau of Technical Supervision on December 8, 1995 and implemented on July 1, 1996
GB/T15776-1995
3.2 Establish and improve the technical responsibility system, actively promote and apply advanced afforestation technology and new scientific and technological achievements, and continuously improve afforestation results. 3.3 Afforestation should be combined with biodiversity protection and environmental protection, and multi-forest and multi-tree species afforestation is advocated. 4 Determination of forest types
4.1 Shelterbelts
Shelterbelts should be built according to local conditions and according to the hazards. 4.1.1 Water conservation forests
Water conservation forests should be built around the source of rivers, hills, lakes and reservoirs. 4.1.2 Soil and water conservation forests
In areas prone to soil and water loss, soil and water conservation forests should be built to slow down surface runoff, reduce soil erosion, prevent landslides and mud-rock flows, and maintain and restore soil fertility.
4.1.3 Windbreak and sand-fixing forests
Windbreak and sand-fixing forests should be built around mobile and semi-fixed sandy lands, towns, villages, farmlands, pastures, industrial and mining areas, roads, railways, water conservancy facilities, etc. that are affected by wind and sand.
4.1.4 Farmland and pasture protection forests
Farmland, economic forest gardens, seedling fields, and pastures that are harmed by wind and sand (including dry hot winds) should be protected by forests to ensure stable and high yields in agriculture and animal husbandry. 4.1.5 Road protection forests and bank protection forests
Road protection forests and bank protection forests should be built on both sides of railways and highways, on both sides of rivers and channels, around lakes and reservoirs, and on the coast. They can also be combined with farmland and pasture protection forests, windbreak and sand fixation forests, soil and water conservation forests, and water source conservation forests. 4.2 Timber forests
4.2.1 Choose suitable forest land with good site conditions to plant timber forests. 4.2.2 Plant general timber forests and intensively managed timber forests (i.e. fast-growing and high-yield timber forests) according to the management level. 4.2.3 Timber forests are cultivated in a targeted manner to provide materials for construction, paper pulp, mining pillars, artificial boards, furniture, etc. 4.3 Economic forests
Economic forests should be planted in suitable forest lands with convenient transportation and management, and good soil and water conditions, to produce dried fruits, fruits, edible oils, beverages, seasonings, spices, woody vegetables, medicinal materials and industrial raw materials. 4.4 Firewood forests
In rural and pastoral areas where fuel is scarce and firewood is insufficient, firewood forests should be planted in suitable forest lands close to residential areas. Firewood forests can also be developed through closing mountains (sand) for afforestation and transforming defective forests. 4.5 Special-purpose forests
For the purpose of protecting and beautifying the environment, teaching, scientific experiments, breeding of improved varieties and serving national defense, landscape forests, experimental forests, seed gardens, mother tree forests and national defense forests should be planted.
5 Tree species selection
5.1 Basic principles
5.1.1 Adhere to the consistency between the site conditions of the afforestation site and the biological and ecological characteristics of the tree species, and achieve suitable sites, suitable trees and suitable seed sources. 5.1.2 Select tree species (including varieties, the same below) according to the purpose of afforestation. 5.1.3 Determine the reasonable proportion of coniferous and broad-leaved tree species, trees and shrubs according to local conditions, select multiple tree species for afforestation, and prevent tree species from becoming monocultured.
5.1.4 Make full use of excellent native tree species, and actively promote and introduce excellent tree species that have achieved results. 5.1.5 Select tree species with good stability and strong resistance to diseases and insect pests. 5.2 Key points for tree species selection
5.2.1 Shelterbelt
GB/T15776-1995
5.2.1.1 Suitable tree species should be selected according to the protection object, and generally should have excellent characteristics such as fast growth, good protection performance, strong stress resistance, and stable growth.
5.2.1.2 The main tree species for creating shelterbelts for farmland, economic forest gardens, nurseries and grasslands should also have the characteristics of tall trees, suitable crowns and deep roots. Tree species in wet areas should also be resistant to water and humidity. Tree species in economic forest garden shelterbelts cannot have common pests and diseases or intermediate hosts with forest garden tree species.
5.2.1.3 In areas with severe wind erosion and drought, attention should be paid to selecting tree species with developed root systems and resistance to wind erosion, drought and sand pressure. 5.2.2 Timber forests
5.2.2.1 Tree species should have the characteristics of fast growth, straight trunk shape and good material quality. 5.2.2.2 There should also be a plan for the development of precious timber and tree species with special uses. 5.2.3 Economic forests
5.2.3.1 They should have the characteristics of high quality and high yield. 5.2.3.2 According to market demand, focus on developing famous, special, excellent and new varieties. 5.2.4 Firewood and Charcoal Forest
5.2.4.1 Tree species should have the characteristics of fast growth, high biomass, strong germination ability, high calorific value and good combustion performance. 5.2.4.2 Strong adaptability and can grow normally under poor forest land conditions. 5.2.5 Special-purpose forest
Tree species should have the characteristics required for special purposes. 5.3 Afforestation zones and main afforestation tree species
See Appendix B (reference).
5.4 Suitable conditions for main afforestation tree species
See Appendix C (reference).
6 Mixed afforestation and tree species replacement
6.1 Mixed afforestation
6.1.1 In order to improve the stress resistance and comprehensive benefits of artificial forests and maintain and improve forest productivity, mixed forests should be created according to local conditions. 6.1.2 It is recommended to form mixed forests by combining artificial afforestation and closed-mountain afforestation. 6.1.3 Mixed planting methods: Select appropriate mixed planting methods based on the biological characteristics of tree species and site conditions. 6.1.4 It is recommended to mix coniferous and broad-leaved tree species, and trees and shrubs. In areas where soil erosion and wind and sand hazards are serious, the proportion of shrub species should be increased.
6.1.5 When renewing afforestation, try to retain and induce young trees that can coexist with the renewing tree species to form mixed forests. 6.1.6 Existing young and middle-aged pure forests can be transformed into mixed forests when necessary. 6.2 Tree species replacement
In order to maintain forest productivity, pure forests that cause soil fertility decline should be replaced with suitable afforestation species after one or two generations of planting. 7 Afforestation density
7.1 Determine the afforestation density based on the cultivation objectives, site conditions, and tree species. The afforestation density of major tree species is shown in Appendix A (Supplement). 7.2 The afforestation density may be appropriately larger in the following situations: a.
Shelterbelts, firewood and charcoal forests, timber forests aimed at cultivating small and medium-sized timber, dwarfed and densely planted economic forests; forest species for thinning or flat utilization;
Afforestation in humid and semi-humid soil erosion areas and areas with severe wind and sand damage. C
7.3 In the following cases, the afforestation density may be appropriately smaller: a.
Arid and semi-arid areas without irrigation conditions; timber forests that cultivate large-diameter timber and do not carry out thinning; b.
c, certain economic forests;
GB/T157761995
d. Afforestation with long-term intercropping by forest farmers or mechanical operations. 7.4 For afforestation land with exposed rocks, the afforestation density shall be determined according to the actual situation. 7.5 If there are saplings of target tree species on the site, the regeneration afforestation density may be appropriately reduced. 8 Seeds and seedlings
8.1 It is prohibited to use seeds, seedlings and other propagation materials with forest pests and diseases quarantine objects. 8.2 Seeds
8.2.1 Actively promote improved varieties with suitable seed sources, and give priority to seeds produced by excellent seed sources and improved seed bases. 8.2.2 The quality of seeds for sowing and afforestation shall meet the standards of qualified seeds specified in GB7908. 8.2.3 The method of testing the quality of forest tree seeds shall comply with the provisions of GB2772. 8.2.4 In order to improve the effectiveness of sowing and afforestation, the forest tree seeds may be soaked, germinated, mixed with medicine, etc. before sowing, and electronic technology treatment may be carried out if conditions permit.
8.3 Seedlings
8.3.1 Bare-root seedlings
8.3.1.1 Class 1 and 1 seedlings specified in GB6000 must be used. 8.3.1.2 To create fast-growing and high-yield timber forests, Class 1 seedlings specified in GB6000 and excellent clone seedlings cultivated from seeds in seed gardens and excellent seed sources must be selected.
8.3.1.3 For economic forests, select seedlings of excellent varieties and qualified seedlings specified in GB6000. 8.3.1.4 For tree species for which national standards have not been formulated, local areas can select seedlings of excellent varieties, strong plants, and well-developed root systems. 8.3.1.5 Select strong and healthy seedlings of improved varieties for afforestation of farmland shelterbelts, bank protection forests, road protection forests, tree planting along the four sides and urban greening. 8.3.2 Container seedlings
Follow the provisions of LY1000.
8.3.3 Seedling management
8.3.3.1 The inspection of seedling quality and the techniques of seedling lifting, packaging, transportation and storage shall comply with the provisions of GB6000 and LY1000. 8.3.3.2 Seedlings shall be raised nearby according to the afforestation tasks to avoid losses caused by long-distance transportation. 9 Land preparation for afforestation
9.1 Land preparation methods
9.1.1 Hole-shaped land preparation
9.1.1.1 Hole-shaped land preparation is a land preparation method widely used in mountains, hills and plains. It should be used more in steep slopes of mountains and areas with severe water erosion and wind erosion. 9.1.1.2 Specifications for land preparation: the diameter of the hole is 50-60cm. For fast-growing and high-yield timber forests, economic forests and grassland belts, the specifications for land preparation should be appropriately larger. 9.1.2 Fish scale pit land preparation
9.1.2.1 Fish scale pit land preparation is a land preparation method for water conservation and soil conservation in arid and semi-arid areas. 9.1.2.2 The fish scale pit is semicircular, high outside and low inside, with a radius of not less than 60cm. 9.1.3 Strip land preparation
9.1.3.1 Strip land preparation is an important land preparation method in mountainous, hilly and northern grassland areas. 9.1.3.2 Strip land preparation in mountainous and hilly areas should be carried out along the contour line, and its forms include horizontal steps, horizontal troughs, reverse slope terraces, etc. 9.1.3.3 The width of strip land preparation is more than 60cm, and the strip length is determined according to the terrain. It cannot be too long. 0.5-1.0m of natural vegetation should be retained at a certain distance.
9.1.4 Comprehensive land preparation
9.1.4.1 Comprehensive land preparation can be adopted in the following situations: a.
The terrain is relatively flat;
It is convenient for mechanical operation;
Intercropping of forest and farmers is implemented;
GB/T15776-1995
d. The slope is below 25°, the shrubs and grass are dense, and it is not convenient for forest production without comprehensive land preparation. 9.1.4.2 The continuous area of comprehensive land preparation cannot be too large. In mountains and hills, the natural vegetation on the top of the mountain and the ridge should be appropriately retained. For every 30m of slope length, 3m wide natural vegetation should be retained along the contour line.
9.2 Depth of land preparation
9.2.1 The depth of land preparation for coniferous tree afforestation should reach 30cm, and it should reach 40cm in arid and semi-arid areas in the north. 9.2.2 The depth of land preparation for broad-leaved tree afforestation should be greater than 40cm. 9.2.3 The depth of land preparation for fast-growing and high-yield timber forests shall comply with relevant professional standards. The depth of land preparation for economic forests and four-side tree planting shall be determined according to the afforestation tree species and seedling size.
9.3 Time of land preparation
9.3.1 Generally, the land should be prepared one month before afforestation. In areas with frost damage, it is not necessary to prepare the land in advance. When afforestation, holes can be dug and planted. 9.3.2 Land preparation for afforestation in arid and semi-arid areas should be carried out before or during the rainy season. 9.3.3 Land preparation for afforestation in fixed sand and sandy soil should be carried out after the strong wind season. 9.3.4 When preparing land for afforestation in mobile sand and semi-fixed sand, sand barriers should be set up first if necessary. 10 Afforestation methods
10.1 Afforestation with seedlings
10.1.1 Afforestation methods
10.1.1.1 Digging holes The size and depth of the planting holes should be slightly larger than the root system of the seedlings. The seedlings should be upright, the root system should be stretched, and the depth should be appropriate. After half of the soil is filled, the seedlings are lifted and compacted, and then the soil is filled and compacted, and finally covered with loose soil. 10.1.1.2 Opening and planting small pine and cypress seedlings for afforestation. Use a hoe or shovel to open a gap on the prepared afforestation land, put the seedlings in, and make a gap with appropriate depth without root entanglement. Pull out the tools and compact the soil.
10.1.1.3 Opening trenches For afforestation land with relatively flat terrain, use machinery or manual trenches, plant the seedlings in the trenches, and fill the soil and compact them. 10.1.2 Planting depth
Determine the planting depth according to the site conditions, soil conditions and tree species, and generally it should be slightly higher than the root neck of the seedlings. In arid areas, sandy soils and tree species that can produce adventitious roots, appropriate deep planting can be carried out.
10.1.3 Seedling treatment
Before afforestation, the seedlings should be treated by cutting the tops, cutting the trunks, pruning the roots, pruning the branches, cutting the leaves, removing the buds, soaking the roots in water, dipping them in mud, etc. according to the tree species, seedling characteristics and soil conditions; new technologies such as root promoters, transpiration inhibitors and mycorrhizal preparations can also be used to treat the seedlings. 10.1.4 Seedlings should be planted in grades. When planting container seedlings, containers that are difficult for roots to penetrate must be removed. 10.2 Seeding afforestation
10.2.1 For tree species with sufficient seed sources, easy germination and rooting and certain resistance to early afforestation, seeding afforestation can be carried out in areas where bird and animal damage is relatively light.
10.2.2 Afforestation by seeding
10.2.2.1 Artificial seeding. Generally, the land should be prepared first. When the picking conditions are good, hole seeding or row seeding should be adopted. In areas where operation is difficult, broadcasting can be adopted in the rainy season.
10.2.2.2 Afforestation by aircraft seeding. It should be carried out in places with inconvenient transportation, large areas of barren hills, wastelands and barren sand suitable for afforestation. Its specific requirements shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of GB/T15162.
10.2.3 Seeding amount
It shall be determined according to the seed quality, site conditions and afforestation density. 10.2.4 Soil covering thickness for artificial seeding
The soil covering thickness for hole seeding and row seeding is generally 3 to 5 times the diameter of the seed. It can be appropriately thinner for heavy clay soil and appropriately thicker for sandy soil. 5
10.3 Afforestation by colonization
GB/T15776-1995
10.3.1 For cuttings, the cuttings should be 1-2 years old and of good quality, with a length of 30-50 cm and a diameter of 1.5-2.0 cm. In arid areas, they should be buried deep and exposed less.
10.3.2 For cuttings, the cutting materials should be cut-root seedlings and sprout branches, 3-3.5m, trunk diameter 3cm or more. Planting depth is more than 50cm. In arid areas, suitable forest land with groundwater level of about 2m, poplar and willow species can be planted deep by drilling holes. 10.3.3 Main afforestation methods for bamboo in sub-gardens. 10.4 Closing mountains (sand) for afforestation
10.4.1 Closing mountains (sand) for afforestation can be implemented in full, half and rotational closures according to local conditions. 70.4.2 Closing mountains (sand) for afforestation should pay attention to the relationship with rural fuel and grazing. 10.4.3 Combined with the investigation of the results of closing mountains (sand) for afforestation, scientifically divide forest species and determine the purpose of cultivation. 10.4.4 Other specific requirements shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of GB/T15163. 10.5 Forest cultivation in flood irrigation areasbzxZ.net
For suitable forest land with seed sources in flood irrigation areas, flood irrigation for afforestation can be carried out during the summer flood season. If the terrain is uneven, dams, canals and other flood diversion projects should be built.
11 Afforestation season
11.1 Spring afforestation
11.1.1 Afforestation should be arranged in time according to the phenological period of the tree species and the soil thawing conditions, and generally completed before the trees sprout. 11.1.2 Afforestation in the south should be carried out as early as possible when the soil is in good condition. 11.1.3 Afforestation in the north can be carried out when the soil thaws to a suitable depth. 11.2 Rainy season afforestation
Suitable for afforestation by aircraft seeding, afforestation by small seed sowing and afforestation by container seedlings. Pay attention to the dynamics of rainfall and afforestation at the right time. 11.3 Autumn afforestation
11.3.1 In areas where there is no frost damage in winter, afforestation can be carried out in late autumn and early winter. 11.3.2 Autumn is suitable for planting broad-leaved tree seedlings and sowing large, hard-shelled, long dormant, and storage-intolerant seeds. 11.4 Container seedlings and seedlings with soil clumps are not restricted by seasons and can be planted at the right time. If the weather is dry during the afforestation season, the soil moisture content is too low, and there is no irrigation condition, afforestation can be postponed.
12 Nurturing and management
12.1 Soil loosening and weeding
12.1.1 After afforestation, soil loosening and weeding should be carried out in time, combined with seedling support and water chestnut removal, so as to remove weeds early, small and completely. The high-density weeds outside the hole that affect the growth of young trees should be cut in time. Continue for 3 to 5 years, 13 times a year. In areas with frost damage, weeding should be the main method in the first year, and the number of soil loosening can be reduced.
12.1.2 Soil loosening and weeding should be shallow inside and deep outside, without damaging the root system of seedlings. The depth is generally 5 to 10 cm. It should be deeper in arid areas. In hilly and mountainous areas, the hole can be expanded in combination with nurturing to increase the nutrient area. 12.1.3 Chemical weeding. According to different tree species and shrub and grass species, appropriate chemical herbicides can be selected for weeding. 12.2 Replanting and reseeding
For afforestation lands with unqualified afforestation survival rates, replanting and reseeding or reforestation should be carried out in a timely manner. For replanting of seedlings, large seedlings of the same age should be used. For aerial seeding and closed-mountain (sand) afforestation, necessary replanting and reseeding should be carried out in a timely manner according to the seedlings and effectiveness. 12.3 Sapling management
12.3.1 Thinning. For seeding afforestation, after the saplings grow steadily, 1 to 2 thinning and determination should be carried out to make the number of plants per unit area meet the afforestation density requirements. No thinning is required for firewood and charcoal forests.
12.3.2 According to the needs of forest types and tree species, leaf removal, pruning, shaping and other nurturing work should be carried out in a timely manner. Trees in windbreak and sand fixation forests and farmland shelterbelts in areas with serious wind and sand hazards should be pruned under control. GB/T15776-1995
12.3.3 Leveling and rehabilitation. For tree species with germination ability, those with poor growth due to drought, frost damage, mechanical damage, and pests and diseases should be pruned and rejuvenated in time.
12.3.4 Pruning, pruning, thinning and other measures can be adopted in mixed forests to adjust the relationship between tree species and ensure their normal growth. 12.4 Newly planted forests should be closed and protected, and grazing and firewood collection are not allowed. Mowing can be planned; for coniferous trees that are susceptible to frost and drought, cold (drought) prevention measures such as covering with soil and grass should be taken in the winter of the same year. 12.5 Prevention and control of forest diseases, pests and animals should be done well. 12.6 Fast-growing and high-yield timber forests and economic forests should be managed intensively, and timely irrigation, fertilization and reasonable pruning should be carried out if conditions permit. 12.7 Intercropping between forest and farmers
12.7.1 Intercropping methods between forest and farmers
12.7.1.1 Forest-based intercropping method Plant crops during the initial period of afforestation, generally for 2 to 5 years, and replace cultivation with tending to ensure the growth of trees. It is necessary to prevent soil erosion and land desertification. After the trees are closed, stop intercropping. 12.7.1.2 Agriculture-based intercropping method Plant trees in rows and narrow strips in the field and implement intercropping for a long time. 12.7.2 Selection of intercrops and tree species
For intercropping in forest land, short-stemmed legumes are preferred. Tall and climbing crops should not be planted. For tree planting in the field, deep-rooted, sparsely branched and leafed trees with high economic value should be selected.
13 Afforestation construction design
13.1 State-owned forest farm afforestation, collective afforestation, cooperative afforestation, key project afforestation and other forms of afforestation with a certain scale should be planned and designed in accordance with the national basic construction procedures. 13.2 According to the national plan and afforestation planning and design (state-owned forest farms should follow the overall afforestation design), the afforestation construction unit shall prepare a construction design book one year before afforestation, and implement it after approval by the higher-level competent department. 13.3 Afforestation construction design is based on small classes or construction plots. Through on-site investigation and measurement, the site condition type is verified, and the various technical measures of afforestation planning and design are further specified. 13.4 The main contents of afforestation construction design
Forest species, tree species, land preparation, afforestation methods, density, seedlings, tending management, machinery and tools, construction sequence, time, labor arrangement, budget, pest control, etc. and related charts. For large areas, designs for forest roads, closed protection and fire prevention facilities should also be made. 13.5 The afforestation construction design shall be carried out by the investigation and design unit or by the county and township forestry workstations in cooperation with the construction unit. State-owned forest farms can design their own afforestation.
13.6 Construction shall not be carried out without construction design or without approval even if there is a design. Once the construction design is approved, it must be implemented conscientiously. If partial changes are required due to special circumstances, they must be approved by the original approval department. 14 Inspection and Acceptance
14.1 In order to ensure the quality of afforestation, each item shall be inspected and accepted according to the afforestation construction design. The construction unit shall first conduct a comprehensive self-inspection, and the superior forestry department shall organize a review and verification.
14.2 During the construction period, the afforestation construction unit shall inspect and accept all operations at any time, and correct any problems found in a timely manner; after the afforestation is completed, a comprehensive inspection and acceptance shall be carried out; after one year of afforestation, the afforestation survival rate shall be inspected, and the person in charge of the inspection and acceptance group shall issue an inspection and acceptance certificate for qualified ones. If unqualified, the construction unit shall replant in time, and then issue an inspection and acceptance certificate after passing. The inspection and acceptance certificate shall be in triplicate, with one copy for each of the inspection unit, the construction unit and the superior forestry department. Inspection of afforestation preservation rate shall be carried out 3 to 5 years after afforestation. 14.3 Inspection of afforestation area shall be carried out by measuring with instruments or verifying block by block according to the construction design drawings. 14.3.1 Afforestation area shall be calculated based on horizontal area. 14.3.2 Any afforestation area that is continuous and in pieces over 0.067hm2 shall be counted as a piece of forest. 14.3.3 For tree forest belts and shrub forest belts with more than two rows (including two rows), a forest belt width of more than 4m (3m for shrubs), and a continuous area of more than 7
0.067hm\, it may be counted as an area. 14.4 Inspection of afforestation survival rate
GB/T15776-1995
14.4.1 The afforestation survival rate shall be checked by the sample plot or sample row method. For afforestation areas below 10hm2, 10-30hm2, and above 30hm2, the sample plots shall account for 3%, 2%, and 1% of the afforestation area respectively; 20% of the total length of the shelterbelt shall be sampled, and 10m shall be inspected every 100m. The selection of sample plots and sample rows shall be carried out by random sampling. The survey of young forests in mountainous areas shall include different parts and slopes. 14.4.2 For seedling afforestation and sowing afforestation, if one or more seedlings survive in each hole, it shall be counted as one surviving seedling (hole). 14.4.3 The average survival rate of afforestation shall be calculated according to the following formula: Average survival rate (%) = (small class area × small class survival rate) / small class area
survival rate of two sample plots (rows)
small class survival rate (%) =
number of sample plots
sample plot (row) survival rate (%) =
The average survival rate is rounded to one decimal place.
14.5 Assessment Standards for Artificial Afforestation
14.5.1 Qualified
Number of surviving trees (holes) in the sample plot (row)
.*...(1)
.......(2)
Total number of trees (holes) planted in the sample plot (row)
For areas with an average annual precipitation of more than 400 mm and irrigated afforestation, the survival rate is more than 85% (including 85%); for areas with an average annual precipitation of less than 400 mm, the survival rate is more than 70% (including 70%). 14.5.2 Replanting
·.·..·.·(3)
For areas with an average annual precipitation of more than 400 mm and for afforestation under irrigation, the survival rate is between 41% and 85% (excluding 85%); for areas with an average annual precipitation of less than 400 mm, the survival rate is between 41% and 70% (excluding 70%). 14.5.3 For reforestation
The survival rate is below 41% (excluding 41%).
14.5.4 For fast-growing and high-yield timber forests, the inspection and acceptance shall be carried out according to the professional standards for tree species. 14.6 The qualified afforestation area shall be included in the afforestation area; if the afforestation area fails to meet the standards, it shall be included in the afforestation area after replanting or reforestation meets the standards. 14.7 Inspection of afforestation preservation rate. Three to five years after artificial afforestation, the superior forestry department (state-owned forest farm) shall conduct self-inspection and organize inspections on the afforestation area preservation rate, afforestation density preservation rate, management and tree growth conditions according to the afforestation construction design and the inspection and acceptance certificate, and the results shall be included in the files.
15 Afforestation Technical Files
15.1 Afforestation technical files are the basis for analyzing afforestation production activities, evaluating afforestation results, and formulating management measures. Afforestation technical files are established in small groups.
15.2 Afforestation in state-owned forest farms, collective afforestation, cooperative afforestation, key project afforestation and other forms of afforestation with a certain scale must establish afforestation technical files and management systems.
15.3 Main contents of afforestation technical files
Afforestation design documents and diagrams, land preparation methods and standards, forest species, afforestation tree species, afforestation site conditions, afforestation methods, density, seedling sources, specifications and moisture retention measures, tending management, types of pests and diseases and prevention and control, afforestation construction units, ownership, construction date, construction organization, management, inspection and acceptance, afforestation preservation rate inspection, labor and investment in each process, etc. 15.4 According to the tree species and site conditions, permanent standard plots shall be established to continuously record the management activities and tree growth. 15.5 The county and township forestry authorities and state-owned forest farms shall establish afforestation technical files and appoint specific persons to be responsible for filling them out on time, without interruption or falsification. Technical files shall be reviewed and signed by business leaders and technical personnel, and modern management of technical files shall be gradually implemented.
Massonia pine, Yunnan pine, Armand pine
Loblolly pine, Elliptic pine
Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus thunbergii
Larch
Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica
Casuarina equisetifolia
Platycladus orientalis, Cypress, Spruce, Abies
Juglans mandshurica, Ash, Pineapple
Acacia
GB/T15776-1995
Appendix A
Afforestation density table of main tree species
(supplement)||tt ||Density, plant/hm
3000~6750
15002400
3000～5000
2400~5000
1650~3300
3300~4400
1650~4500
1250~2500
1350~6000
2400~4.500
2500~5 000 | |tt | 400~3600
600~900
1650~3750
1350~4.950
240~3300
1200~3300
Salix matsudana and other treesSalix
Three-year-old tung tree
Millennium tung tree
Olea europaea
Kiwifruit
Scattered Bamboo
Clustered bamboo
Intercropping of tung trees
Apple, pear, peach, plum, apricot
Badancha
Salix psammophila, Caragana microphylla, Salix babylonica
Hua Bang, Talang, Calligonum mongolica, Haloxylon ammodendron
Hippophae rhamnoides, Amorpha fruticosa
Density, plant/hm2
240~1500
195~1500
1110~1650
600~900
150~270
300~600
150~370
300 Left and right
220~600
800~1200
220~1650
750~1650
450~900
450~1200
330~500
520~820
1500~3000
450~1240| |tt||300~450
1240~5000
660~1650
1650~3300
600~1600950
240~3300
1200~3300
Salix matsudana and other trees Willow
Three-year-old tung tree
Millennium tung tree
Olive
Kiwi
Scattered bamboo
Clustered bamboo
Intercropping of tung trees
Apple, pear, peach, plum, apricot| |tt||Badancha
Salix psammophila, Salix babylonica, Caragana microphylla, Salix maritima
Hua Bang, Talang, Calligonum mongolica, Haloxylon ammodendron
Hippophae rhamnoides, Amorpha fruticosa
Density, plant/hm2
240~1500
195~1500
1110~1650
600~900||t t||150~270
300~600
150~370
around 300
220~600||t t||800~1200
220~1650
750~1650
450~900
450~12 00
330~500
520~820
1500~3000
450~1240
3 00~450
1240~5000
660~1650
1650~3300
600~1600950
240~3300
1200~3300
Salix matsudana and other trees Willow
Three-year-old tung tree
Millennium tung tree
Olive
Kiwi
Scattered bamboo
Clustered bamboo
Intercropping of tung trees
Apple, pear, peach, plum, apricot| |tt||Badancha
Salix psammophila, Salix babylonica, Caragana microphylla, Salix maritima
Hua Bang, Talang, Calligonum mongolica, Haloxylon ammodendron
Hippophae rhamnoides, Amorpha fruticosa
Density, plant/hm2
240~1500
195~1500
1110~1650
600~900||t t||150~270
300~600
150~370
around 300
220~600||t t||800~1200
220~1650
750~1650
450~900
450~12 00
330~500
520~820
1500~3000
450~1240
3 00~450
1240~5000
660~1650
1650~3300
600~1600
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