Some standard content:
GB4569—2000
This standard is formulated to implement the Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China, the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Noise Pollution and the Standardization Law of the People's Republic of China, control the noise pollution of motorcycles and reduce the harm of noise from motorcycles to the environment. This standard is a revision of the motorcycle acceleration noise limit part of GB16169—1996 "Noise Limits for Motorcycles and Mopeds" and the motorcycle noise measurement method part of GB/T4569—1996 "Motorcycle and Moped Noise Measurement Method". This standard partially replaces GB16169-1996 and GB/T4569-1996 with GB16169-2000 "Noise Limits and Test Methods for Light Motorcycles". According to the actual situation of motorcycle products in my country, the noise limits for accelerated driving of motorcycles are implemented in two stages. The implementation date of the first stage is January 1, 2002. The noise limits for accelerating two-wheeled motorcycles are equivalent to the requirements of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Regulation ECER41/01 "Uniform Provisions on Motorcycle Noise Certification" which came into effect on July 24, 1984. The implementation date of the second phase is July 1, 2005. The noise limits for accelerating two-wheeled motorcycles and three-wheeled motorcycles are equivalent to the requirements of Chapter 9 of the European Community Directive 97/24/EC "Type Approval of Two/Three-wheeled Motorcycles" which came into effect on June 17, 1999 "Permissible noise levels and exhaust systems for two-wheeled or three-wheeled motorcycles". The measurement method part of this standard is equivalent to the relevant provisions of Chapter 9 of the European Community Directive 97/24/EC. Appendix B (Appendix to the Standard) "Requirements for Test Road Surfaces for Noise Measurement" is equivalent to the requirements of IS010844.1994 Acoustic Measurement of Road Vehicle Noise Test Surfaces. Its implementation is now suspended and will be implemented when the necessary conditions are met. This standard adopts the provisions of Chapter 9 of 97/24/EC and adds requirements for exhaust systems equipped with fiber sound absorbing materials. Appendix A, Appendix B, Appendix C and Appendix D of this standard are appendices to the standard. This standard was proposed by the State Machinery Industry Bureau. This standard was approved by the National Technical Committee for Automotive Standardization. The main drafting unit of this standard is Shanghai Motorcycle Research Institute. The main drafters of this standard are Shi Chongjiu, Chen Qifeng, Zhang Ti, Li Qiang and Xu Jun. 1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Limits and measurement of noise emitted by motorcyclesGB4569—2000
Partially replaces CH16169—1996
GB/T 4569--1996
This standard specifies the limit and measurement method of noise from accelerating motorcycles (except for motorcycles with reduced speed). It also specifies the quantitative noise measurement method for motorcycles.
2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised. Parties using this standard should explore the feasibility of using the latest versions of the following standards: GB/T3785-1983 Electrical and acoustic properties and test methods of sound level meters GB/T5378-1994 General principles for road tests of motorcycles and mopeds GB/T6003.1-1997 Metal wire mesh test sieve GB/T 15173—1994 Sound calibrator
1SO2599.1983 Iron ore—Determination of phosphorus content—Titration methodISO10534.1.1996 Acoustics—Determination of sound absorption coefficient and impedance—Impedance tube method
ISO 10844:1994 Acoustics—
3 Definitions and numbers
3.1 Definitions
This standard adopts the following definitions.
3.1.1 Motorcycle type approval test
—Provisions for test road surfaces for measuring road vehicle noise Motorcycle type approval test refers to the test conducted on representative vehicles of new motorcycle models to be put into production by the manufacturer in accordance with the provisions of type approval.
3.1.2 Motorcycle production consistency inspection test Motorcycle production consistency inspection test refers to the test conducted on mass-produced vehicles of motorcycle models that have passed the type approval test in accordance with the provisions of production consistency inspection.
3.1. 3. Back noise
Background noise refers to the noise of the surrounding environment (including wind noise) when the noise of the test motorcycle is not present. 3.1.4 Exhaust silencer system
The exhaust silencer system refers to the complete set of components necessary to limit the noise generated by the exhaust of the motorcycle engine. 3.2 Symbols
This standard uses the following symbols.
Vh: Engine displacement
S; Engine maximum power speed
Approved by the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision on August 21, 2000 and implemented on July 1, 2001
GB4569—2000
NA: The stable speed of the engine when the tested motorcycle approaches the acceleration start line (AA' line); V.: The designed maximum speed of the tested motorcycle; VA: The stable speed of the tested motorcycle when it approaches the acceleration start line (AA' line). 4 Noise limits
4.1 Noise limits for motorcycle type certification test (acceleration) are shown in Table 1. Table 1 Noise limits for motorcycle type certification test (acceleration) Engine displacement
>50 and ≤80
>80 and ≤175
First implementation phase
From January 1, 2002
Noise limits for two-wheeled motorcycles, dB(A)
Second implementation phase||t t||July 1, 2005
Three-wheeled motorcycle
Two-wheeled motorcycle
Three-wheeled motorcycle
4.2 The implementation date of the motorcycle production consistency inspection test is the same as the type certification test. The acceleration noise limit is 1dB (A) higher than the acceleration noise limit of the type certification test, and the noise level measured by the production consistency inspection test is not allowed to be 3dB (A) higher than the noise level measured by the type certification test.
4. 3 Motorcycles equipped with fiber-absorbing sound-absorbing material exhaust silencer systems shall comply with the requirements of Appendix A (Standard Appendix). 4. 4 For stationary noise measurements, only the measured values are recorded. 5 Measuring instruments
5.1 Acoustic measuring instruments
5.1.1 The sound level meter or equivalent measuring system used for noise measurement shall meet the accuracy requirements of GB/T 3785 for Type 1 sound level meter when measuring acceleration noise, and use extension rods and extension cables as much as possible; when measuring stationary noise, it shall meet the accuracy requirements of GB/T 3785 for Type 1 or Type 2 sound level meter. When using a cumulative system that can periodically monitor the A-weighted sound level, the reading time interval of the system shall not exceed 30ms. The sound level meter or equivalent measuring system shall be regularly calibrated in accordance with the provisions of the relevant national measuring instruments. 5.1.2 The A frequency weighting characteristics and the fast (F) gear time weighting characteristics of the sound level meter shall be used for measurement. 5.1.3 At the beginning and end of each measurement, the sound level meter shall be checked and calibrated in accordance with the provisions of the manufacturer's instruction manual and the requirements of GB/T 15173. Without any further adjustment, if the difference between the last calibration reading and the last calibration reading exceeds 0.5 dB for a Type 1 sound level meter and 1 dB for a Type 2 sound level meter, the excess result after the last calibration is considered invalid. The readings during the calibration should be recorded in the tables of Appendix C (Standard Appendix) and Appendix D (Standard Appendix) according to the measurement requirements. 5.1.4 During the measurement, it is allowed to use the windshield correctly according to the requirements of the sound level meter instruction manual, but attention should be paid to the effect of the windshield on the sensitivity and directivity of the microphone.
5.2 Vehicle speed and engine speed measuring instruments
Special vehicle speed measuring instruments and engine tachometers should be used, and similar instruments on the test vehicle should not be used. 5.3 Meteorological measuring instruments
Anemometers, barometers and degrees should comply with the provisions of GB/T 5378. 6 Acceleration driving sound measurement method
6.1 Measurement environment
6.1.1 Measurement site (see Figure 1)
GB 4569—2000
6.1.1.1 The sound field condition of the site is: when a non-directional small sound source is placed at the center of the site measurement area, the sound level deviation in each direction on the hemispherical surface with the 0 point as the center of the sphere does not exceed ±1dH. When the following conditions are met, the measurement site can be considered to have met this sound field condition:
Driving center line cC
Test road surface
Turning over the smallest standard test road surface
Size unit:
There should be no
related sound emission within this radius
Microphone (height 1. 2±0.1)
Figure 1 Driving noise measurement site, measurement area and microphone amplifier a) There are no large sound reflectors, such as buildings and fences, within the range of 0 point as the base point and a radius of 50 m , trees, rocks, bridges, parked vehicles, etc.
b) The surface of the measurement site is made of concrete, asphalt or similar solid materials. The site should be basically level, flat, dry, and free of snow, tall grass, dust, and other similar sound objects. 6. 1. 1. 2 The test track passing through the measurement area should be on a straight concrete or asphalt road surface of more than 100 m. The longitudinal slope of the road surface should not be greater than 1%. The texture of the runway road surface should not cause excessive tire noise. The test road surface should meet the requirements of Appendix B (Standard Appendix). 6. 1. 1. 3 During the test, except for the test personnel and the driver, no other persons should be standing in the measurement area. The measuring personnel should stand in a position that will not affect the sound level meter reading.
6. 1.2 Meteorology
Measurements should not be carried out under harsh climatic conditions. The influence of gusts on the sound level meter readings should be eliminated during measurements. 6- 1. 3 Background noise
During the measurement process, the background noise (A-weighted sound level) should be at least 10 dB lower than the noise of the motorcycle under test. If the difference between the background noise and the noise of the motorcycle under test is between 10 and 16 dB, the noise measurement value of the motorcycle under test should be subtracted from the correction value shown in Figure 2. 6. 2 Motorcycle under test (hereinafter referred to as the vehicle under test) 6-2. 1 The vehicle under test shall not be loaded or occupied except for one driver, but it shall be equipped with necessary coolant, fuel, lubricating oil and Toolbox, spare tire, etc. The three-wheeled motorcycle under test should be without trailers and semi-trailers. 6. 2. 2 If the vehicle under test is equipped with an automatic fan, it should not be disturbed during the measurement process. If the vehicle under test has more than one driving wheel, only the driving wheel used for normal road operation should be used. If the vehicle under test is equipped with a sidecar, it should be removed during measurement. 6. 2. 3 Before measurement, the vehicle under test should be preheated according to the provisions of GB/T 5378 to ensure that the engine temperature reaches the normal operating requirements. 6.2.4 Other conditions of the vehicle under test should comply with the provisions of GB/T 5378. 6.3 Measurement area and Microphone Placement
6.3.1 The speed measurement area is shown in Figure 1. Point Q is the center of the measurement area, line AA is the start line of acceleration, line BB is the end line of acceleration, and line BB is the center line of driving.
GF 4569—2000
The difference between the noise of the vehicle under test and the background noise, dB(A) Figure 2 Correction of the influence of background noise
2 The sound level meter microphone should be placed between point O On both sides, the center of the end face of the microphone head is 1. 2 m ± 0. 1 m above the ground, and each is 6. 3. 2
7.5 m ± 0.2m away from the CC line (measured along the vertical line of the CC line). The microphone reference axis is parallel to the ground and pointed vertically to the CC line. 6.4 Gear selection of the vehicle under test and determination of linear speed close to AA' 6.4.1 Two-wheeled motorcycle
6.4.1.1 Two-wheeled motorcycle equipped with hand (foot) transmission 6.4.1.1.1 Driving gear selection
a) The transmission of the vehicle under test has 4 or less forward gears, and the second gear is used for measurement. b) The forward gear of the transmission on the test vehicle is 5 or more V. When it is less than or equal to 175 mL, only the third gear is used. When tVh is greater than 175 mL, the second gear and the third gear are used for measurement respectively, and two The average value of the measured values of each gear is taken as the measurement result. c) When the above a) and b) are measured in the second gear, when the vehicle under test reaches the BB' line, if the engine speed exceeds S at this time, the third gear is used for measurement, and this measurement value is used as the measurement result. . 6.4.1. 1.2 Approaching the AA line speed
The NA or VA of the vehicle under test when approaching the AA line is: Na=3/4 S, the condition is Va≤50 km/hj If Va≥50 km/h at this time , then take VA=50 km/h. 6.4.1.2 The Va of the two-wheeled motorcycle with automatic transmission without hand (foot-operated gear selector) when it is close to line AA' is:
30km/h, 40km/h, 50km/h (if the vehicle under test If 3/4 V is lower than 50 km/h, the speed is taken as 3/4 V), and the maximum value among the measured values is used as the measurement result, and the selection conditions are recorded. 6.4.1.3 Equipped with a manual (foot) gear selector. Automatic transmission two-wheeled motorcycle 6.4.1.3.1 Driving gear selection
If the vehicle under test is equipped with a hand (foot) gear selector with X forward gears, the highest gear shall be selected, excluding External low gear (such as forced downshift), if automatic downshift occurs after passing the AA' line, the measurement will be invalid, and the "maximum minus 1\ gear" should be used instead, and "maximum minus 2\" should be used if necessary. Do the test at the same gear position until the highest gear is reached when the gear selector no longer automatically shifts down (no forced downshifting is used). Use the measurement result of this gear as the operating sound measurement value. 6.4.1.3. 2 Approaching AA line speed
NA and VA of the tested vehicle when approaching AA line are: Na=3/4 S, condition is VA≤50 km/h;
GB 4569—2000||tt ||If VA≥50 km/h at this time, take Va=50 km/h, and N<3/4 S at this time. If VA is set to 50 km/h during the test, the gear selector will automatically move down to the first position. For first gear, take V as 60 km/h to avoid low gears. 6.4.2 Three-wheeled motorcyclesWww.bzxZ.net
6.4.2.1 Three-wheeled motorcycles equipped with hand (foot) transmission 6.4.2.1.1. Driving gear selection
a) When the transmission of the vehicle under test has 4 or less forward gears, use the second gear for measurement. b) When the transmission of the vehicle under test has 5 or more forward gears, use the second gear. Measured in the third gear. c) The above measurements are made in the second and third gears. When the vehicle under test reaches the BB line, if the engine speed exceeds S at this time, switch to the third gear and the fourth gear respectively, and use this A measured value is used as the measurement result, but the overspeed gear should not be selected. If the transmission of the vehicle under test has two driving devices with different transmission ratios, the device that can reach the 6.4.2.1-2 of the vehicle under test should be selected close to the AA line. Speed
V when the vehicle under test is close to line AA' is taken as: NA=3/AS,
NA=3/4 The maximum engine speed allowed by the speed limiter, Va=50 km/h,
The lowest speed among the three
6.4.2.2 Three-wheeled motorcycle without transmission
V press 6. 4. 2. 1. 2 requirements are determined. 6.4.2.3 Three-wheeled motorcycles with automatic transmission 6.4.2.3.1 Driving gear selection
The vehicle under test should select the forward gear of the gear selector that produces the highest average acceleration. Used for braking, parking or similar slow-moving gear selector gears
6.4.2.3.2 Approaching AA line speed
The VA when the vehicle under test approaches the AA' line is taken as: Va=. 3/4 Vm,
Va=50 km/h,
The lower speed of the two.
6.5 Acceleration driving operation
The vehicle under test shall drive at the gear and stable speed specified in 6.4 and drive the longitudinal center plane along the CC' line to the AA' line as close as possible to the AA' line The allowable error of the engine speed and vehicle speed of the vehicle under test is ±3%. When the front end of the vehicle under test reaches the AA line, the throttle valve should be fully opened as soon as possible and kept in the fully open position. When the rear end of the vehicle under test passes the BB line, the throttle valve should be closed to the rapid state as soon as possible. 6. 6 Round trip measurement and value requirements
6. 6. 1 The same measurement is carried out back and forth, and each side of the vehicle under test is measured at least 2 times. Take the maximum reading of the sound level meter each time the vehicle under test passes by. The difference between two consecutive measurement results on the same side of the vehicle under test should not exceed 2 dB, otherwise the measurement value will be invalid. 6.6.2 Subtract 1dB from each reading to be measured as the measurement result. 6.6.3 Take two measurements on each side of the vehicle under test, and use the average of the four measured values as the maximum acceleration noise level of the vehicle under test. . The measured values are rounded to integers according to the requirements of GB/T 5378. 6. 7 Measurement records
Fill in the table in Appendix C (standard appendix) with the measurement data and results, test disk conditions, technical specifications of the vehicle under test and measuring instruments, etc. If there is anything that needs explanation, it should be filled in the "Other explanations" column. 7 Fixed noise measurement method
7.1 Measurement environment
7. 1.1 Measurement site (see Figure 3)
3m or more
GB 4569—2000
3m or more
Transducer
45°±10°
Flat ground made of hard materials such as soil, tarmac, etc. Figure 3 Stationary noise measurement site and measurement area 7.1.1.1 The measurement site should be a flat ground with a dry surface made of concrete, tarmac or hard materials with high reflectivity (excluding compacted soil or other natural materials). A rectangular measurement area should be marked out in the site. The four sides of the rectangle should be at least 3m away from the outside of the test vehicle (excluding the handlebars). There should be no obstacles that affect the sound level meter reading within this range. The distance between the sound level meter microphone and the edge of the road should be no less than 1 m
7.1.1.2 During measurement, except for the measurement personnel and the driver, no other personnel should be allowed in the measurement area. The position of the measuring personnel and the driver should not affect the instrument reading.
7.1.2 Weather
The requirements for weather conditions shall be in accordance with the provisions of 6.1.2. 7.1.3 Background noise
During the test, the background noise (A-weighted sound level) shall be at least 10 dB lower than the noise of the test vehicle. 7.2 Placement and status of the test vehicle
7.2.1 The test vehicle shall be placed in the center of the rectangular measurement area (see Figure 3). 7.2.2 The transmission of the test vehicle shall be in neutral gear and the clutch shall be engaged. If there is no neutral gear, the drive wheel can be suspended so that the drive wheel can run under no-load conditions, or the drive wheel of the test tricycle can be placed on the drum. 7.2.3 If the test vehicle is equipped with an automatic wind brush, it shall not be disturbed during the measurement process. 7.2.4 Before the measurement, the test vehicle shall be preheated in accordance with the provisions of GB/T5378 to allow the engine temperature to reach the normal operation requirements. 7.3 Microphone placement and measurement point selection (see Figure 4) 7.3.1 The reference axis of the microphone is parallel to the ground and forms an angle of 45' ± 10° with the plane passing through the airflow direction of the exhaust port and perpendicular to the ground. Relative to this plane, the microphone is located on the side with a greater distance from the outside of the test vehicle (excluding the handlebars). The microphone faces the exhaust port, is 0.5 m away from the exhaust muffler tail pipe outlet, and is located at the same height as the exhaust muffler tail pipe outlet, but the height from the ground shall not be less than 0.2 m. Microphone
45'±10°
Above 0.3m
45±10°
45°±10°
Medium grid sound
Figure 4 Schematic diagram of microphone placement during stationary noise measurement45°±105
When this requirement cannot be met due to vehicle structure reasons, the microphone is placed facing the exhaust port at a place closest to the above conditions and at a distance greater than 0.5 m from the vehicle body, and a measurement point diagram should be drawn to mark the microphone position. 7.3.2 If the test vehicle is equipped with two or more exhaust mufflers, when the interval between the mufflers is not greater than 0.3m, only one measurement position is taken, and the muffler tail pipe outlet closest to the outer wall (excluding the handle) of the test vehicle is selected, or the muffler tail pipe outlet with the highest elevation is selected. When the interval between mufflers is greater than 0.3m, each muffler outlet should be measured.7.4. Operation requirements
7.4.1 The engine speed of the test vehicle is measured under the following operating conditions: S is greater than 5000 r/min, take 1/2 S, S is less than or equal to 5000 r/min, take 3/4 S. 7.4.2 After the engine stabilizes at the specified speed, measure the sound level of the process of decelerating from the stable speed to the stop speed as quickly as possible. The measurement time range should include a short period of engine constant speed operation and the entire deceleration process. 7.5 Value requirements
Repeat the test at each measurement position, take the maximum measurement value of the sound level meter each time, and take the maximum value of three consecutive measurement values as the measurement result. The difference between the three measurement values should not exceed 2dB, otherwise the measurement result is invalid. If the test vehicle is equipped with two or more mufflers, take the maximum measurement value of the noise level at each measurement point as the measurement result. The measurement value is rounded to an integer according to the requirements of GB/T5378. 7.6 Measurement Record
Fill in the measurement data and results, measurement conditions, technical parameters of the test vehicle and measuring instruments in the table in Appendix D (Appendix to the standard). If there are any situations that need to be explained, they should be filled in the "Other Explanations" column of the table. GE 4569—2000
Appendix A
(Appendix to the standard)
Requirements for Exhaust Silencers Equipped with Fiber Acoustic MaterialsA1 The fiber acoustic absorbing materials of the exhaust silencer system shall not contain asbestos.A2 During the entire service life, the fiber acoustic absorbing materials shall be ensured to be stable and immovable in the exhaust silencer system.A3 The exhaust silencer system only meets A3.1, A3.2.A3. Pay attention to the requirements of one of the following items. A3.1 After removing the fiber material of the exhaust silencer system, the maximum noise of the test vehicle during acceleration shall reach the limit value specified in this standard. A3.2 The fiber sound absorbing material shall not be placed in the parts through which the exhaust gas of the exhaust silencer system flows, and shall meet the following requirements: If the fiber sound absorbing material is temporarily placed in a furnace and heated to 650℃±5℃ and kept warm for 4 hours, the average length, diameter or thickness of the fiber shall not be less.
b) After heating in a furnace at 650℃±5℃ for 1 hour, test according to the provisions of ISO 2599. At least 98% of the material shall remain in the sieve with a mesh size of 250 μm as specified in GB/T 6003.1. c) At 90℃±5C, the fiber sound absorbing material is soaked in a liquid composed of the following ingredients for 24 hours, and the mass loss shall not be greater than 10.5%. For every 1 L of a solution containing 80.91 grams (1 equivalent concentration) of hydrobromic acid (HBr), the mass loss shall not exceed 10.5%. L solution containing 49.04 g (1 equivalent concentration) of sulfuric acid (H,50,) is added with distilled water to
Note: Before weighing the fiber sound-absorbing material, it must be rinsed with distilled water and dried at 105 C for 1 h. 10mL
1 000 mL
A33 Before measuring the noise of accelerated driving, one of the following methods should be used to put the exhaust silencer system of the test vehicle in normal use. A3.3.1 Continuous road driving adjustment
A3.3.1. 1 The shortest distance traveled by the test vehicle shall be determined in accordance with Table A1. Table A1. Shortest distance of continuous road driving Engine displacement Vn
Two-wheeled motorcycle
>80 and ≤175
Three-wheeled motorcycle
>250≤500
Driving distance
A3.3.1.2 50%±10% of the continuous road cycle is carried out in urban driving: the rest is long-distance high-speed driving. It can also be replaced by a corresponding test track program.
A3.3.1.3 The two speed conditions of the continuous road cycle are alternated at least 6 times. A3. 3. 1. 4 The entire test program shall be stopped at least 10 times, and each stop shall be cooled for at least 3 hours. A3- 3. 2 Pulsation Regulation
A3.3.2.1 The exhaust silencer system or its components shall be installed on the vehicle or engine under test. In the former case, the vehicle under test shall be installed on a chassis dynamometer; in the latter case, the engine shall be installed on a test bench. The test device is shown in Figure A1 and is installed at the outlet of the exhaust silencer system. Other devices that provide equivalent results may also be used. A3.3-2.2 The test device consists of a quick-acting regulator that interrupts and resumes the exhaust gas flow 2500 times alternately. 1m
GB4569
9—2000
1—Air inlet flange or sleeve at the rear of the exhaust silencer system for a complete vehicle 12—Manual valve 3—Compensation box with large volume 401 and filling time not less than 1s 4—Working range 5~250kPa pressure switch; 5—Delay switch 6—Pulsation counter; 7—Quick-acting valve, for example, an exhaust brake with a diameter of 60 mm, controlled by a pneumatic valve with an output force of 120 N at 400 kPa, the response time of opening and closing shall not exceed 0.5 s 18—Suction weight 9—Hose 110—Pressure gauge Figure A1 Test device for pulsation regulation
A3.3.2.3 When the exhaust back pressure measured at least 100mm downstream of the air inlet flange of the test equipment is 35~40kPg, open the quick-acting valve. If this value cannot be obtained due to engine characteristics, the valve is opened when the exhaust back pressure reaches 90% of the maximum value measured before the engine is shut down. When the difference between this back pressure and the stable value when the valve is opened is no more than 10%, the valve is closed. A3.3.2.4 Calculate the exhaust duration according to the requirements of A3.3.2.3 and adjust the delay switch. A3.3.2.5 The engine speed is 3/4S.
A3.3.2.6 The power displayed on the dynamometer must be 50% of the full throttle power at an engine speed of 3/4S. The exhaust muffler system drain hole is blocked during the test. A3-3.2.7
A3.3.2.8 The entire test should be completed within 48 hours. If necessary, there should be a cooling period after each hour. A3.3.3 Test bench adjustment
A3.3.3.1 The exhaust muffler system should be installed on the engine designed for this type of motorcycle and the engine should be installed on the test bench. A3.3.3.2
The adjustment process consists of the number of bench test cycles specified for this type of motorcycle. The number of cycles for each type of motorcycle is shown in Table A2. Table A2 Number of engine test bench adjustment cycles Engine displacement
Two-wheeled trailer
>80 and ≤175
Three-wheeled motorcycle
>250 and ≤500
A3.3.3.3 After each test cycle on the bench, the engine should be shut down for at least 6 hours. A3.3.3.4 Each test bench cycle consists of 6 stages. The engine operating conditions and running time of each stage are shown in Table A3. Stages 1/4 load at 3/4S 1/4 load at 3/4S 1/2 load at 3/4S 1/2 load at S 1/4 load at S GB 4569-2000 Table A3 Engine test bench adjustment cycle operating conditions Two-wheeled motorcycles Vr ≤ 175 mL Three-wheeled motorcycles Vs ≤ 250 mL Two-wheeled motorcycles V. > 175 mL Three-wheeled motorcycles Ve> 250 mL A3.3.3.5 If the manufacturer requires it, the engine and muffler can be cooled during the adjustment process to ensure that the temperature measured at a point not more than 100 m from the exhaust outlet is not higher than the temperature measured when the trailer is running at a speed of 110 kW/h or when the engine speed is 3/4 5 in the highest gear. The measurement error of the engine speed or motorcycle speed is within ±3%. Appendix B (Standard Appendix) Requirements for Noise Measurement Test Pavement This appendix is based on the main contents of ISO10844 and specifies the technical requirements for the paving of the test pavement and the physical properties to be achieved and their measurement methods. B1 Definitions This appendix adopts the following definitions. B1.1 Void ratio Void ratio refers to the percentage of the pore volume between aggregates in the pavement concrete to the total volume of the concrete, expressed as V. These pores are either interconnected (closed pores) or connected to the surrounding atmosphere (open pores). The porosity of the test pavement is determined based on the core sample collected by the following formula:
(1 pA/pr) × 100%
Where: Pa—apparent density of the core sample
Pe is the maximum theoretical density of the core sample.
Where the apparent density PA is determined by the following formula: PA =m/V
Where: m-
—the mass of the core sample obtained from the test pavement! —the volume of the core sample, excluding the air volume of the open pores on the pavement surface. ......-(Bl )
-(B2 )
The maximum theoretical density is determined based on the measured mass and volume of the binder, the mass and volume of the aggregate contained in each core sample. Given by the following formula:
m + ma
--( B3 )
Where: m—mass of binder;
ma—mass of filler:
V=-—volume of binder;
VA——volume of filler.
B1.2 Sound absorption coefficient
GB4569—2000
The sound absorption coefficient refers to the ratio of the intensity of incident sound absorbed by the pavement material to the intensity of the incident sound wave, expressed as = reflected sound intensity total incident sound intensity…
Generally speaking, the sound absorption coefficient depends on the frequency and incident angle of the sound wave. The sound absorption coefficient specified in this standard corresponds to a sound wave frequency range of 400 to 1 600 Hz, and vertical incident sound.
B1.3 Road surface structural depth
The road surface structural depth refers to the average depth of the uneven openings on a certain area of the road surface, expressed as Mr\D (mm). That is, the average thickness of a layer of glass sphere sand of a very special specification required to fill the open voids on the pavement, the upper surface of which is a plane tangent to the peaks and protrusions of the pavement.
B2 Requirements for pavement properties
If the measured road surface structural depth and void fraction or sound absorption coefficient of the pavement meet the following requirements and also meet the design requirements of B3.2, the pavement can be considered to meet the requirements of this appendix. B2.1 Void fraction
The void fraction of the concrete of the test pavement after paving shall meet: V, ≤ 8%. The measurement method is shown in B4.1. B2. 2 Sound absorption coefficient
If the pavement can meet the requirements of the void fraction, the sound absorption coefficient must meet the requirement of ≤ 0.10. The measurement method is shown in B4.2 Note: Although road builders are more familiar with void fraction, the most relevant characteristic is the sound absorption coefficient. However, the sound absorption number is only measured when the void fraction does not meet the requirements. Because the measurement and correlation of void ratios have large uncertainties, a road surface may be incorrectly rejected based solely on void ratio measurements.
B2.3 Depth of road surface
The average road surface depth measured by the volumetric method shall satisfy the following conditions: MTD ≥ 0.4 mm. See B4.3 for the measurement method. B2.4 Uniformity of road surface
It is necessary to ensure that the road surface depth and void ratio of the road surface in the test area are as uniform as possible. Note: It should be noted that if the pressure barrier effect is different in some areas, the attenuation structure will be different and uneven. B2.5 Inspection period
In order to check whether the road surface meets the requirements for road surface depth, void ratio or sound absorption coefficient specified in this appendix, periodic road surface inspections shall be carried out at the following time intervals: (1) For void ratio or sound absorption coefficient
When the road surface is newly built, an inspection shall be carried out once. If the new road surface meets the requirements, no further periodic inspections are required. If the new road surface does not meet the requirements, it can also be checked after a period of time, because the gaps in the road surface will be blocked and become dense over time. b) For the depth of road cover structure
When the road surface is newly paved, check it once. When the noise test starts (Note: it should be carried out 4 weeks after paving). Check it once a year thereafter.
Design of B3 test road surface
The test site is shown in Figure 1. The shaded area shown in the figure is the minimum area that is paved and compacted by machinery using the specified material. When designing the test track, it should be ensured that at least the area where the motorcycle is driving in the test is built with the specified road surface material and has the required safety driving.5 If the manufacturer requires it, the engine and muffler can be cooled during the adjustment process to ensure that the temperature measured at a point not more than 100 m from the exhaust outlet is not higher than the temperature measured when the trailer is running at a speed of 110 kW/h or when the engine speed is 3/4 of the maximum gear. The measurement error of the engine speed or motorcycle speed is within ±3%. Appendix B
(Standard Appendix)
Requirements for noise measurement test pavement
This appendix is based on the main content of ISO10844 and specifies the technical requirements for the paving of the test pavement and the physical properties to be achieved and their measurement methods.
B1 Definitions
This appendix adopts the following definitions.
B1.1 Void ratio
Void ratio refers to the percentage of the pore volume between aggregates in the pavement concrete to the total volume of the concrete, expressed as V. These pores are either interconnected (closed pores) or connected to the surrounding atmosphere (open pores). The porosity of the test pavement is determined based on the core sample collected by the following formula:
(1 pA/pr) × 100%
Where: Pa—apparent density of the core sample
Pe is the maximum theoretical density of the core sample.
Where the apparent density PA is determined by the following formula: PA =m/V
Where: m-
—the mass of the core sample obtained from the test pavement! —the volume of the core sample, excluding the air volume of the open pores on the pavement surface. ......-(Bl )
-(B2 )
The maximum theoretical density is determined based on the measured mass and volume of the binder, the mass and volume of the aggregate contained in each core sample. Given by the following formula:
m + ma
--( B3 )
Where: m—mass of binder;
ma—mass of filler:
V=-—volume of binder;
VA——volume of filler.
B1.2 Sound absorption coefficient
GB4569—2000
The sound absorption coefficient refers to the ratio of the intensity of incident sound absorbed by the pavement material to the intensity of the incident sound wave, expressed as = reflected sound intensity total incident sound intensity…
Generally speaking, the sound absorption coefficient depends on the frequency and incident angle of the sound wave. The sound absorption coefficient specified in this standard corresponds to a sound wave frequency range of 400 to 1 600 Hz, and vertical incident sound.
B1.3 Road surface structural depth
The road surface structural depth refers to the average depth of the uneven openings on a certain area of the road surface, expressed as Mr\D (mm). That is, the average thickness of a layer of glass sphere sand of a very special specification required to fill the open voids on the pavement, the upper surface of which is a plane tangent to the peaks and protrusions of the pavement.
B2 Requirements for pavement properties
If the measured road surface structural depth and void fraction or sound absorption coefficient of the pavement meet the following requirements and also meet the design requirements of B3.2, the pavement can be considered to meet the requirements of this appendix. B2.1 Void fraction
The void fraction of the concrete of the test pavement after paving shall meet: V, ≤ 8%. The measurement method is shown in B4.1. B2. 2 Sound absorption coefficient
If the pavement can meet the requirements of the void fraction, the sound absorption coefficient must meet the requirement of ≤ 0.10. The measurement method is shown in B4.2 Note: Although road builders are more familiar with void fraction, the most relevant characteristic is the sound absorption coefficient. However, the sound absorption number is only measured when the void fraction does not meet the requirements. Because the measurement and correlation of void ratios have large uncertainties, a road surface may be incorrectly rejected based solely on void ratio measurements.
B2.3 Depth of road surface
The average road surface depth measured by the volumetric method shall satisfy the following conditions: MTD ≥ 0.4 mm. See B4.3 for the measurement method. B2.4 Uniformity of road surface
It is necessary to ensure that the road surface depth and void ratio of the road surface in the test area are as uniform as possible. Note: It should be noted that if the pressure barrier effect is different in some areas, the attenuation structure will be different and uneven. B2.5 Inspection period
In order to check whether the road surface meets the requirements for road surface depth, void ratio or sound absorption coefficient specified in this appendix, periodic road surface inspections shall be carried out at the following time intervals: (1) For void ratio or sound absorption coefficient
When the road surface is newly built, an inspection shall be carried out once. If the new road surface meets the requirements, no further periodic inspections are required. If the new road surface does not meet the requirements, it can also be checked after a period of time, because the gaps in the road surface will be blocked and become dense over time. b) For the depth of road cover structure
When the road surface is newly paved, check it once. When the noise test starts (Note: it should be carried out 4 weeks after paving). Check it once a year thereafter.
Design of B3 test road surface
The test site is shown in Figure 1. The shaded area shown in the figure is the minimum area that is paved and compacted by machinery using the specified material. When designing the test track, it should be ensured that at least the area where the motorcycle is driving in the test is built with the specified road surface material and has the required safety driving.5 If the manufacturer requires it, the engine and muffler can be cooled during the adjustment process to ensure that the temperature measured at a point not more than 100 m from the exhaust outlet is not higher than the temperature measured when the trailer is running at a speed of 110 kW/h or when the engine speed is 3/4 of the maximum gear. The measurement error of the engine speed or motorcycle speed is within ±3%. Appendix B
(Standard Appendix)
Requirements for noise measurement test pavement
This appendix is based on the main content of ISO10844 and specifies the technical requirements for the paving of the test pavement and the physical properties to be achieved and their measurement methods.
B1 Definitions
This appendix adopts the following definitions.
B1.1 Void ratio
Void ratio refers to the percentage of the pore volume between aggregates in the pavement concrete to the total volume of the concrete, expressed as V. These pores are either interconnected (closed pores) or connected to the surrounding atmosphere (open pores). The porosity of the test pavement is determined based on the core sample collected by the following formula:
(1 pA/pr) × 100%
Where: Pa—apparent density of the core sample
Pe is the maximum theoretical density of the core sample.
Where the apparent density PA is determined by the following formula: PA =m/V
Where: m-
—the mass of the core sample obtained from the test pavement! —the volume of the core sample, excluding the air volume of the open pores on the pavement surface. ......-(Bl )
-(B2 )
The maximum theoretical density is determined based on the measured mass and volume of the binder, the mass and volume of the aggregate contained in each core sample. Given by the following formula:
m + ma
--( B3 )
Where: m—mass of binder;
ma—mass of filler:
V=-—volume of binder;
VA——volume of filler.
B1.2 Sound absorption coefficient
GB4569—2000
The sound absorption coefficient refers to the ratio of the intensity of incident sound absorbed by the pavement material to the intensity of the incident sound wave, expressed as = reflected sound intensity total incident sound intensity…
Generally speaking, the sound absorption coefficient depends on the frequency and incident angle of the sound wave. The sound absorption coefficient specified in this standard corresponds to a sound wave frequency range of 400 to 1 600 Hz, and vertical incident sound.
B1.3 Road surface structural depth
The road surface structural depth refers to the average depth of the uneven openings on a certain area of the road surface, expressed as Mr\D (mm). That is, the average thickness of a layer of glass sphere sand of a very special specification required to fill the open voids on the pavement, the upper surface of which is a plane tangent to the peaks and protrusions of the pavement.
B2 Requirements for pavement properties
If the measured road surface structural depth and void fraction or sound absorption coefficient of the pavement meet the following requirements and also meet the design requirements of B3.2, the pavement can be considered to meet the requirements of this appendix. B2.1 Void fraction
The void fraction of the concrete of the test pavement after paving shall meet: V, ≤ 8%. The measurement method is shown in B4.1. B2. 2 Sound absorption coefficient
If the pavement can meet the requirements of the void fraction, the sound absorption coefficient must meet the requirement of ≤ 0.10. The measurement method is shown in B4.2 Note: Although road builders are more familiar with void fraction, the most relevant characteristic is the sound absorption coefficient. However, the sound absorption number is only measured when the void fraction does not meet the requirements. Because the measurement and correlation of void ratios have large uncertainties, a road surface may be incorrectly rejected based solely on void ratio measurements.
B2.3 Depth of road surface
The average road surface depth measured by the volumetric method shall satisfy the following conditions: MTD ≥ 0.4 mm. See B4.3 for the measurement method. B2.4 Uniformity of road surface
It is necessary to ensure that the road surface depth and void ratio of the road surface in the test area are as uniform as possible. Note: It should be noted that if the pressure barrier effect is different in some areas, the attenuation structure will be different and uneven. B2.5 Inspection period
In order to check whether the road surface meets the requirements for road surface depth, void ratio or sound absorption coefficient specified in this appendix, periodic road surface inspections shall be carried out at the following time intervals: (1) For void ratio or sound absorption coefficient
When the road surface is newly built, an inspection shall be carried out once. If the new road surface meets the requirements, no further periodic inspections are required. If the new road surface does not meet the requirements, it can also be checked after a period of time, because the gaps in the road surface will be blocked and become dense over time. b) For the depth of road cover structure
When the road surface is newly paved, check it once. When the noise test starts (Note: it should be carried out 4 weeks after paving). Check it once a year thereafter.
Design of B3 test road surface
The test site is shown in Figure 1. The shaded area shown in the figure is the minimum area that is paved and compacted by machinery using the specified material. When designing the test track, it should be ensured that at least the area where the motorcycle is driving in the test is built with the specified road surface material and has the required safety driving.4 Uniformity of the road surface
It is necessary to ensure that the road surface structure depth and void ratio of the road surface in the test area are as uniform as possible. Note: It should be noted that if the pressure barrier effect is different in some areas, the attenuation structure will be different and uneven. B2.5 Inspection cycle
In order to check whether the road surface meets the requirements of road surface structure depth, void ratio or sound absorption coefficient specified in this appendix, periodic road surface inspections shall be carried out at the following time intervals: a) For void ratio or sound absorption coefficient
When the road surface is newly paved, check once. If the new road surface meets the requirements, no periodic inspection is required. If the new road surface does not meet the requirements, it can also be inspected after a period of time, because the voids in the road surface will be blocked and become dense over time. b) For road surface structure depth
When the road surface is newly paved, check once. Check once when the noise test starts (note: it should be carried out 4 weeks after paving). Check once a year thereafter.
B3 Design of the test road surface
The test site is shown in Figure 1. The shaded area shown in the figure is the minimum area that is paved and compacted by machinery using the specified material. When designing the test track, it should be ensured that at least the area where the motorcycle is tested is paved with the specified road surface material and has the required safety.4 Uniformity of the road surface
It is necessary to ensure that the road surface structure depth and void ratio of the road surface in the test area are as uniform as possible. Note: It should be noted that if the pressure barrier effect is different in some areas, the attenuation structure will be different and uneven. B2.5 Inspection cycle
In order to check whether the road surface meets the requirements of road surface structure depth, void ratio or sound absorption coefficient specified in this appendix, periodic road surface inspections shall be carried out at the following time intervals: a) For void ratio or sound absorption coefficient
When the road surface is newly paved, check once. If the new road surface meets the requirements, no periodic inspection is required. If the new road surface does not meet the requirements, it can also be inspected after a period of time, because the voids in the road surface will be blocked and become dense over time. b) For road surface structure depth
When the road surface is newly paved, check once. Check once when the noise test starts (note: it should be carried out 4 weeks after paving). Check once a year thereafter.
B3 Design of the test road surface
The test site is shown in Figure 1. The shaded area shown in the figure is the minimum area that is paved and compacted by machinery using the specified material. When designing the test track, it should be ensured that at least the area where the motorcycle is tested is paved with the specified road surface material and has the required safety.
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