GB/T 3216-1989 Test methods for centrifugal pumps, mixed flow pumps, axial flow pumps and vortex pumps
Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Test methods for centrifugal, mixed flow, axial flow and regenerative pumps GB 3216-89
Replaces GB3216-82
This standard equivalently adopts the international standards IS) 2548-1973 "Centrifugal, mixed flow and axial flow pump acceptance test specification - Class C" and ISO3555-1977 Centrifugal, mixed flow and axial flow pump acceptance test specification Class B". 1 Subject content and scope of application
This standard specifies the test methods for flow, head, shaft power, speed, NPSH of centrifugal pumps, mixed flow pumps, axial flow pumps and vortex pumps, as well as the processing and error analysis of test data.
This standard applies to centrifugal pumps, mixed flow pumps, axial flow pumps and vortex pumps with normal temperature cleaning. Test of pumps with water or other liquids similar to clean water at room temperature as the test medium, including pumps without any pipe accessories and pumps with pipe accessories. This standard is divided into Class B and Class C according to the measurement accuracy. 2 Reference standards
GB1032 Test method for three-phase asynchronous motors
GB3214 Determination method for flow rate of water pumps
GB10889 Vibration measurement and evaluation method for pumps GB10890 Measurement and evaluation method for noise of recording 3 Symbols
3.1 Symbols used in this standard
Table 1 SymbolswwW.bzxz.Net
Name of the director||t t||(min,h)
Approved by the Ministry of Machinery and Electronics Industry of the People's Republic of China on March 25, 1989
Chinese symbol
Kilogram (kg)
(minute, hour)
Implementation on January 1, 1990
Symbol country
Name of the plate
Angular velocity
Free fall acceleration
Shear pressure
(dynamic) viscosity
Kinematic viscosity
Reynolds number
Mass flow
Volume flow||tt| |Distance to reference surface
Total inlet head
Outlet head
Inlet head loss
Outlet head loss
NPSH
Atmospheric pressure (absolute)
Vaporization pressure (absolute)
Pump shaft power
Pump output power
Prime mover input power
Pump efficiency
Type number
Drag coefficient
Note: Units in brackets are not used in definitions and calculations. 3.2 Basic letters and subscripts (in alphabetical order) GB 3216—89
Continued Table 1
(m\/h,L/s)
Chinese symbols
degree/second
meter/second
meter/second"
rev/minute
dry gram/meter3
Pa·second
kilogram/second
meter/second
(meter\/hour, liter/second)
joule/F gram
Newton·meter
ML-'T-!
GB 3216—89
Table 2 Letters used as symbols
Name of quantity
Free fall acceleration
Liquid head loss
Type number
Condensation degree
Steam reserve
Mass flow rate
Volume flow rate
(m*/h,L/s)
Jinnuo teaching
(min, h)
Volume
Distance from room reference plane
Mercury manometer reading
Chinese symbol
m/s
rev/min
kilogram/s
re”/s
(m*/hour.L/s)
(minute, hour》
m/s
joule/kilogram
GB 3216-89
Continued Table 2
Name of quantity
Drag coefficient
(dynamic) viscosity
Kinematic viscosity
Angular velocity
Note: Units in brackets are not used in definition and calculation formulas. Symbols
Letters and numbers used as subscripts in Table 3
4 Terms
4.1 General terms
4.1.1 Free fall acceleration g
Value at specified speed
Chinese symbols
Pa·s
m/s
dry gram/m
radius/s
1) Generally applicable, effective; 2) When related to P, the accepted atmospheric pressure
Effective, useful
Unit (total)
Mercury
Specified
Useful
Vaporized
For C-level tests, g=9.81m/s, and for B-level tests, the local nominal value should be used. However, in most cases, g=9.81m/s will not result in significant errors. The local value of each can be calculated as follows: g = 9.806 17 × (1 — 2.64 X 10-3cas*29 + 7 × 10-°co5*2@) - 3.086 X 10-6z -.**-(1) Where: — local latitude;
local altitude.
4.1.2 Speed n
quotient of the number of revolutions divided by the time.
4.1.3 Density p
mass per unit volume.
4.1.4 Pressure
GB 3216--89
quotient of the force divided by the area. Unless otherwise specified, all pressures refer to gauge pressures, i.e. pressures measured relative to atmospheric pressure. 4.1.5 (Dynamic) viscosity μ
is defined by the following formula:
The velocity of a plate moving in its own plane parallel to a fixed flat wall:
The distance from the plate to the fixed flat wall. However, this distance should be small enough so that the fluid flow between the plate and the fixed flat wall is laminar; the fluid friction acting on the unit area of the plate during the movement of the plate. 4.1.6 Kinematic viscosity
(Dynamic) The quotient of viscosity divided by density.
4.1.7 Power P
The quotient of the energy transferred in a certain time interval divided by the interval time. 4.1.8 Requirement number Re
is defined by the following formula:
4.2 Special terms for this standard
4.2.1 Volume flow rate Q
The volume of liquid discharged from the pump outlet and entering the pipeline per unit time. 4.2.2 Mass flow rate
Its value is:
4.2.3 Flow rate
The average flow rate is equal to the quotient of the volume flow rate divided by the cross-sectional area of the pipe: Q
4.2.4 Head
The energy of a unit weight of liquid.
4.2.5 Reference plane
The horizontal plane passing through the center of the circle described by the outer end of the inlet edge of the impeller blade (Figure 1). For multi-stage pumps, the first stage impeller is used as the reference. For vertical double-suction pumps, the upper blades are used as the reference. 4.2.6Z
（3）
-（4）
?（5)
Indicates the vertical height difference between the horizontal plane under study and the reference plane. If the horizontal plane referred to is above the reference plane, Z is the end value; otherwise, z is a negative value.
4.2.7 Gauge pressure
The effective pressure relative to atmospheric pressure. The pressure head corresponding to this pressure is: GB3216-89
If the pressure is higher than atmospheric pressure, its value is positive; lower than atmospheric pressure, its value is negative; reference question
Figure 1 Reference plane
4.2.8 Velocity head
The kinetic energy of unit weight of moving liquid is expressed by formula (8): where
is the average flow velocity of the liquid on the cross section under study. 4.2.9 Total head
The total head of the liquid at any cross section is: z+
This is the expression of relative atmospheric pressure. The absolute total head is: z+
4.2.10 Total inlet head H1
The total head of the liquid at the pump inlet cross section is: H
H, = z +
4.2. 11 Total outlet head H2
The total head of the liquid at the pump outlet cross section is: p
4.2.12 Pump head II
Its value is equal to the algebraic difference between the total outlet head and the total inlet head of the pump, H=H2-H.
If the density of the pumped liquid does not change much, then 8
（12）
(13）
GB 321689
HP=P+(z2 - Z)) +
If the density of the pumped liquid changes significantly, then β should be replaced by the average value: Pm
4.2.13 Specific energy Y
Energy per unit mass of liquid, determined by formula (16): e + p
Y— gH
4.2.14 Total inlet head loss H
The difference between the total head of the liquid at the measuring point and the total head of the liquid at the pump inlet section. 4.2.15 Total outlet head loss Hjz
The difference between the total head of the liquid at the pump outlet surface and the total head at the measuring point. 4.2.16 NPSH
Total inlet head plus head corresponding to atmospheric pressure, minus head corresponding to vapor pressure. NPSH = H, +-
Therefore, like total inlet head, NPSH is also related to the reference surface. 4.2.17 Required NPSH (NPSH),
Required NPSH value at specified speed and flow rate, which is given during design and manufacture. 4.2.18 Effective NPSH (NPSH), effective NPSH value at the same flow rate, which is determined by the installation conditions of the pump. 4.2.19 Critical NPSH (NPSH)
-(15)
（16)
Critical NPSH value measured by cavitation test. The critical value is the NPSH value when the first stage head or efficiency decreases by (2+efficiency decrease)% in the first stage at a given flow rate; or the NPSH value when the first stage flow rate or efficiency decreases by (2+
登>% in the first stage at a given head.
4. 2.20 Pump output power P
The power delivered to the liquid by the pump.
Pμ = pQgH · 10-*
4.2.21 Pump shaft power P.
The power received by the pump shaft.
4.2.22 Prime mover input power P
The power received by the prime mover of the pump.
4.2.23 Efficiency
4.2.24 Unit efficiency
4. 2.25 Type number
The type number is a dimensionless quantity, defined by formula (21): K
2 yuan (Q)1/2
60(gH)3/4
（18）
-（19)
（21)
Where: Q——Volume flow rate of each suction port: H\——Single-stage head of the pump
Note: The type number is calculated according to the specified points.
4.2.26 Specified points
GB3216-89
refers to the speed, flow rate, head, shaft power, cavitation given to the specified pump during design and manufacture. The operating point corresponding to the margin and efficiency value.
4.2.27 Pump operating range
refers to a certain area between greater than and less than the specified flow (or head) value. 4.2.28 Large flow point
refers to the boundary point within the pump operating range where the flow is greater than the specified flow. 4.2.29 Small flow point
refers to the boundary point within the pump operating range where the flow is less than the specified flow. 5 Implementation of tests
5.1 Type inspection and factory inspection
The contents of type inspection include: operation test, performance test, cavitation test and noise and vibration test when necessary. Factory inspection is to inspect the pump within the working range. , including the test at more than three flow points such as small flow point, specified flow point, large flow point, etc., to check the head and shaft power. The flow, head, shaft power and speed should be measured at each flow point. Before starting the test, a trial run test should be carried out. The test method is shown in Article 5.9 of this standard. 5.2 Organization of the test
Accurate measurement depends not only on the quality of the measuring equipment and instruments used, but also on the work quality and technical level of the testers. The person in charge of the test should be a technician with rich experience in testing technology. Generally, the test personnel should have certain test expertise and can perform pump tests proficiently. 5.3 Test liquid
Unless otherwise specified, the test is conducted with clean water at room temperature. When it is required to predict the performance of other liquids to be transported based on the performance of clean water at room temperature, the method shall be specified separately.
The properties of "clean water at room temperature" referred to in this standard shall comply with the provisions of Table 4. Table 4 Properties of clean water at room temperature
Kinematic viscosity
(mass) density
Solid content insoluble in water
Solid content dissolved in water
Total content of free gas in dissolved gas species in water (volume): For open circuits, it should not be greater than the saturated volume of gas under the temperature and pressure conditions in the water absorption pool. For closed circuits, it should not be greater than the saturated volume of gas under the temperature and pressure conditions in the water absorption tank. 5.4 Test equipment
All test equipment shall be accompanied by a report proving that its accuracy meets the requirements of Section 5.7 of this standard. Accuracy certification can be obtained by calibration or comparison with other standards.
5.5 Test records and test reports
5.5.1 Test records
GB3216—89
The test record data should be true and accurate. The record sheet should be signed by the test personnel. The processing of test data and the drawing of characteristic curves should be completed before the test equipment and instruments are removed, so as to retest the suspicious measurement results.
5.5.2 Test report
The test report should be reviewed and signed by the test person in charge, and its contents are as follows: a.
The location and time of the test;
The name of the manufacturer, the name, model and product abbreviation of the pump: the nature of the test;
The specified pump performance parameters;
The pump driver information;
The name, model, specification and accuracy of the test equipment and test instruments; test test data;
The calculation and analysis of the test data;
The test characteristic curve:
Conclusion.
The test results are compared with the specified values to determine whether the product performance meets the specified indicators required by the test nature. 5.6 Test device
5.6.1 Standard test device
Effective measures must be taken to ensure that the liquid flow through the measurement section has the following characteristics: a. Axially symmetrical velocity distribution;
b. Isostatic pressure distribution;
c. No swirl caused by the cover.
For Class C tests, the above conditions are reference conditions. In order to ensure these conditions, some methods are recommended for standard test devices below. For pumps with a model number less than or equal to 1.5, the test can be carried out under standard test conditions. For pumps with a model number greater than 1.5, such test results will only be applicable to the specified conditions, and the purpose of this test is to provide a guarantee that the pump will achieve the specified performance if properly installed. For the standard test circuit, as shown in Figures 2 to 4, water is drawn from a pool with a free liquid surface or from a large container with a static liquid surface in a closed circuit. The length of the inlet straight pipe section should be: a. If the inlet throttle valve is always kept in a fully open state, the length of the inlet straight pipe section should be no less than 7D; b. If the inlet throttle valve is in an arbitrary opening state, the length of the inlet straight pipe section should be no less than 12D. If there is no large container with a static surface immediately upstream of the pump in the closed circuit, it is necessary to ensure that the liquid flow entering the pump has no condensation caused by the device and has a normal symmetrical velocity distribution. The following measures can be taken to avoid the occurrence of large vortices: a. Carefully design the test circuit upstream of the measurement section: b. Use the rectifier grid prudently:
c. Properly arrange the pressure holes to minimize its influence on the measurement. The length of the straight pipe section of the outlet of the standard test volume pump should be no less than 4D. GB 3216—89
Figure 2 Schematic diagram of open pool test device for horizontal pump 1--Test pump, 2-dynamometer; 3-speed meter: 4-pressure gauge; 5-flow regulating valve; 6-vacuum gauge + 7-inlet throttle valve water seal throttle valve + 9-water weir: 10-flow meter: 11-commutator; 12-measuring bucket Figure 3 Schematic diagram of open pool test device for horizontal pump Vacuum gauge; 2 test record 3 pressure gauge 14 flow mother regulating valve, 5 water weir
Figure 4 Schematic diagram of closed loop test device for horizontal pump 1-cavitation end 2-water seal gate valve, 3-stabilizer 4-vacuum gauge? 5. Test ticket $6 torque sensor, 7 motor, 8-torque speed meter, 9---pressure gauge, 10-fluid meter: 11-flow throttle valve 5.6.2 Simulation test device
GB3216—89
±/D= 0.139
Figure 5 Rectifier grid
d/D+0.110
If the pump is tested under simulated field conditions, it is not advisable to provide a flow grid immediately in front of the pump. It is important that the flow characteristics of the simulated circuit be controllable; the wave flow should be as free as possible from large vortices caused by the device and have a symmetrical velocity distribution. Where necessary, the velocity distribution of the flow entering the simulated circuit should be measured by a precision pitot tube array (comb tube) to confirm that the flow characteristics meet the requirements. If this is not possible, a suitable device such as a flow grid as shown in Figure 5 may be provided to obtain the required flow characteristics: however, care must be taken to ensure that the test conditions are not affected by large irrecoverable pressure losses.
5.6.3 Pumps tested with accessories
If required, the pump may be tested with the following accessories: the accessories actually installed in the field, a
or an exact replica of a;
or accessories introduced for test purposes and forming part of the pump itself. The connection of the inlet and outlet sides of the whole unit to the test pipe shall be carried out in accordance with Figures 2 to 4 of Section 5.6.1 of this standard. In addition, the measurement shall be carried out in accordance with Section 6.2.1.4 of this standard. 5.6.4 Pump installation under submerged conditions
For pumps or pump-accessory combinations, when the standard pipe connection described in Section 5.6.1 of this standard cannot be achieved (due to inaccessibility or submergence), the measurement shall be carried out in accordance with Section 6.2.1.5 of this standard. 5.6.5 Deep well pumps
Generally, it is impossible to install all the water pipes of deep well pumps for testing. The head loss of the uninstalled water pipes and the power consumed by the transmission shaft system cannot be measured. Moreover, the load borne by any thrust bearing of the pump during the test is always lighter than the load under the final actual installation conditions, so the final power cannot be determined. 5.6.6 Self-priming pumps
In principle, the self-priming characteristics of self-priming pumps should be tested under the specified static suction head and with the same suction pipe as in the final actual installation.
GB 3216-B9
If the test cannot be carried out in the manner described above, the test should be carried out in accordance with the technical conditions specified by the bank. 5.7 Test conditions
5.7.1 Test duration
The test should be sufficient to obtain consistent results, which will affect the test accuracy. For occasions where multiple readings are taken to reduce errors (see 5.7.2 of this standard), the readings should be taken at unequal time intervals. All measurements should be made under stable operation. 5.7.2 Operational stability
5.7.2.1 For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions apply: Fluctuation - short-term variation of the reading relative to the average value within the time of a reading. Variation - change in the value of the same quantity between two consecutive readings. 5.7.2.2 Application of permissible reading fluctuations and stabilization devices Where the operation or structure of the pump causes large fluctuations in the readings, the measurement may be carried out using an instrument that provides at least the sum average of the readings over the full fluctuation period. The calibration of such an instrument shall comply with the provisions of the special provisions. Where it is necessary to reduce the fluctuation amplitude (average value of the measured quantity) to within the range specified in Table 5, a limited stabilization device (damper) may be installed in the measuring instrument and its connecting pipe. Table 5 Maximum allowable fluctuation amplitude
Measured quantity
Maximum allowable fluctuation amplitude, %
To: (I When using a differential pressure gauge to measure flow, the maximum allowable fluctuation amplitude of the observed liquid column difference: Class B: can be set as +6%#
Class C: can be set as ±12%.
② For the measurement of the total inlet head and the total outlet head, the maximum allowable fluctuation amplitude should be calculated separately according to the head of the system. When the stabilization device may have a significant effect on the reading accuracy, the test should be repeated using a symmetrical linear stabilization device (such as a capillary tube). 5.7.3 Group observation readings
5.7.3.1 Under stable and adjusted test conditions, only one group of readings of each measured quantity is recorded for the specified test conditions. This group of readings is recorded when the observer is convinced that the fluctuation has stabilized within the range specified in Tables 5 and 6. 5.7.3. 2 When the test conditions are unstable and cause doubts about the accuracy, it should be handled as follows. The readings of the test points should be repeated many times. Except for the speed and temperature that are allowed to be adjusted, the throttle valve water level, shaft seal part, balance water, etc. should remain completely unchanged. The difference between the repeated readings of the same quantity is a measure of the instability of the test conditions. This instability, in addition to the influence of a wide range of installation factors, is at least partially affected by the pump under test. For each test point, at least three groups of readings should be taken, and the value of each independent reading should be recorded, as well as the efficiency value obtained from each group of readings. The percentage difference between the maximum and minimum values of each quantity should not be greater than that specified in Table 6. It should be noted that if the number of repeated readings is increased to a maximum of 9 groups, the allowable tolerance is already wider. These tolerances are used to ensure that the total measurement error due to the discrete error combined with the system error limited by Table 7 will not be greater than that in Table 8
Take the arithmetic mean of each reading of each quantity as the actual test value of the quantity. If the requirements of Table 6 cannot be met, find out the reason, adjust the test conditions, and take a new set of readings, that is, the original set of readings.1 Under stable and adjusted test conditions, record only one set of readings of each measured quantity for the specified test conditions. This set of readings is recorded only when the observer is satisfied that the fluctuations have stabilized within the range specified in Tables 5 and 6. 5.7.3.2 When the test conditions are unstable and cause doubts about the accuracy, they should be handled as follows. The readings of the test point should be repeated several times. Except for the speed and temperature, the throttle valve water level, shaft seal part, balance water, etc. should remain completely unchanged. The difference between the repeated readings of the same quantity is a measure of the instability of the test conditions. This instability, in addition to the influence of various installation factors, is at least partially affected by the pump under test. For each test point, a minimum of three sets of readings should be taken, and the value of each independent reading should be recorded, as well as the efficiency value obtained from each set of readings. The percentage difference between the maximum and minimum values of each quantity should not be greater than that specified in Table 6. It should be noted that if the number of repeated readings is increased to a maximum of 9 sets, the allowable tolerance is already wider. These tolerances are used to ensure that the total measurement error after the error due to dispersion and the systematic error defined in Table 7 are combined will not be greater than the specified value in Table 8.
Take the arithmetic mean of each reading of each quantity as the actual test value of the quantity. If the requirements of Table 6 cannot be met, the cause should be found, the test conditions should be adjusted, and a new set of readings should be taken, that is, the original set of readings.1 Under stable and adjusted test conditions, record only one set of readings of each measured quantity for the specified test conditions. This set of readings is recorded only when the observer is satisfied that the fluctuations have stabilized within the range specified in Tables 5 and 6. 5.7.3.2 When the test conditions are unstable and cause doubts about the accuracy, they should be handled as follows. The readings of the test point should be repeated several times. Except for the speed and temperature, the throttle valve water level, shaft seal part, balance water, etc. should remain completely unchanged. The difference between the repeated readings of the same quantity is a measure of the instability of the test conditions. This instability, in addition to the influence of various installation factors, is at least partially affected by the pump under test. For each test point, a minimum of three sets of readings should be taken, and the value of each independent reading should be recorded, as well as the efficiency value obtained from each set of readings. The percentage difference between the maximum and minimum values of each quantity should not be greater than that specified in Table 6. It should be noted that if the number of repeated readings is increased to a maximum of 9 sets, the allowable tolerance is already wider. These tolerances are used to ensure that the total measurement error after the error due to dispersion and the systematic error defined in Table 7 are combined will not be greater than the specified value in Table 8.
Take the arithmetic mean of each reading of each quantity as the actual test value of the quantity. If the requirements of Table 6 cannot be met, the cause should be found, the test conditions should be adjusted, and a new set of readings should be taken, that is, the original set of readings.
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