Some standard content:
ICS47.020.01
Record number: 4387-1999
Ship industry standard of the People's Republic of China
CB/T 3908—1999
Installation technology of cabels in ship19990601 issued
ps://www.doc88.com/p-1052508579271.html?s=rel&id=5China State Shipbuilding Corporation
issued, published
1999-06-01 implementation
CB/T3908—1999
Foreword
According to the notice of the Standardization Department of the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision [1998] No. 216 "Notice on the Abolition of Professional Standards and the National Standards to be Transformed after Rectification" and the Ship General Department of the State Shipbuilding Corporation (1999J3 Document No. 84 "Notice on Adjusting Ship Professional Standards and Relevant National Standards to Industry Standards", this standard replaces ZB/TU06002-1989. Contents
Subject content and scope of application
Cited standards
Preparation for cable design
Basic requirements for cable design
Cable tensioning
Cable fastening
Cables passing through decks, bulkheads and hull components Measures to limit the spread of flames along bundled cables Design of cables in metal pipes or ducts
Grounding of cable metal sheath
Design of AC single-core cables
Cable number design for refrigerated places
Additional requirements for medium voltage cable laying
Additional requirements for electromagnetic compatibility for cable laying 15
Additional requirements for cable laying in oil tankers
16 Inspection items
(3)
(5)
(5)
·(15)
(24)
Appendix A Strength compensation for openings in hull components (including longitudinal girders, webs, etc.) and decks (supplement)Appendix B Parts of the hull where openings are prohibited (supplement)·Filled epoxy resin stuffing box (reference)Appendix C
·(26)||t t||Professional Standard of the People's Republic of China
Ship Cable Laying Technology
Subject Content and Scope of Application
ZB/TU06002--89
Replaces CB*/Z316-80
This standard specifies the preparation work before cable laying, cable pulling, laying, fastening and grounding technology. This standard applies to the laying of cables on general steel ships (including oil tankers). Cable laying technology with special requirements is not included in this document. 2 Reference Standards
General provisions for ship power cables and wires with rated voltage of 0.6/1k.V and below. GB 9331.1—88
CB320—64
CB*321--86
Cable guide plate
Bridge plate
CB*322-86
CB*323—86
CB*388—82
CB*389—84
CB*785—82
CB1113—85
CB * 3125--82
CB*3126-
CB*3228—84
CB*3237-85
CB * 3298--86
Cable hook
Cable tube, cable frame, cable drum and cast cable boxCable clip
Cable bushing
Cable stuffing box
Plastic-coated metal cable tie
Marine metal cable tie
Marine non-metal cable tie
Cable grounding clamp
Cable tying bracket
Building block cable sealing device
3 Preparation for cable laying
3.1 Prepare the construction drawings and technical documents related to cable laying, such as "Electrical comprehensive layout drawing (or electrical installation drawing)", "Electrical equipment layout drawing", "Cable laying drawing", "Cable list", "Distribution system drawing". 3.2 According to the above construction drawings and technical documents, prepare various installation parts, fasteners and necessary construction tools (such as temporary cable brackets) for cable laying. Fasteners and installation parts are preferably matched according to the divided construction areas and placed separately. 3.3 For the convenience of installation on board, cable fasteners can be pre-assembled in the workshop. The assembly example is shown in Figure 1. The assembly bracket should have sufficient strength and can generally be made of angle steel and flat steel. The distance between the base of the assembly should generally not exceed 900mm. The distance between the brackets of the heavy angle steel assembly should generally not exceed 1500mm. The spacing between fasteners should comply with the provisions of Article 6.5.
3.4 Cable cutting and material preparation should be carried out according to the "Cable List". 3.4.1 Temporary cable labels should be prepared in advance. The cable code, specification, length, name and location of the starting and ending equipment should be indicated on the label, two for each cable.
3.4.2 When each cable is cut, the temporary label should be immediately wrapped at the starting and ending ends of the cable. 3.4.3 According to the length specified in the list, make a "stop mark" for the cable passing through the compartment or deck. 3.4.4 The cable cutouts should be protected from moisture that may affect the insulation, and should be properly wrapped and sealed if necessary. Approved by China State Shipbuilding Corporation on November 13, 1989, and implemented on October 1, 1990
ZB/TU06002--89
1500 Applicable to heavy-duty)
1--base; 2--cable bracket: 3--angle steel 3.4.5 According to the laying location and laying sequence specified in the table, roll the cables into the cable drum for standby use. 3.5 According to the cable laying construction drawings and the dimensions of the pre-prepared fasteners and installation parts, carry out actual ship positioning, mark the welding positions of the cable fasteners or their prefabricated parts, and the opening positions and dimensions of the cable frame, cable drum, stuffing box, etc. 3.6 Openings on hull components and decks.
3.6.1 The openings should generally be round or oval. If the openings are of other shapes, they should at least have rounded corners. When a cable frame, cable drum or cable tube is set, the size of the hole should be commensurate with the selected cable frame, cable drum or cable tube, and should not be too large. 3.6.2 Opening holes on the deck girder and web, see Figure 2. Cut edge
1-deck; 2-beam; 3-hole; 4-longitudinal girder, web; 5-longitudinal girder panela.
The opening height 6 shall not exceed 25% of the longitudinal girder web height B, and the opening width 1 shall not exceed 60% of the frame spacing L, otherwise strength compensation shall be given; for ships with a length of less than 60m, the opening height may be appropriately relaxed with the consent of the ship inspection department, and the end of the opening should be as close as possible to the cut edge where the beam passes; the distance h from the opening edge to the longitudinal girder panel should not be less than 40% of the longitudinal web height B. b. The openings should be dispersed and cannot be concentrated within the adjacent longitudinal bone spacing or rib spacing. If it is necessary to open: 1 or more holes, they should be arranged in the water half direction, but the sum of the widths of all holes shall not exceed half of the longitudinal bone spacing or rib spacing. If the openings do not meet the above requirements, strength compensation should be given. 3.6.3 Openings on the deck
a. The shape of the openings should be oval, elliptical or circular. The long axis of the oval or elliptical openings should be arranged along the collapse line as much as possible, and the length-to-width ratio of the opening should not be less than 2 to ensure that the width of the opening along the ship width is minimized under the same opening area. b. When opening holes on the strength deck in the area of half the ship's length, the size of the openings along the ship width shall not exceed 6.% of the distance from the cargo hold door to the 2
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ship's side. For openings on decks in other places, oval or elliptical openings should be arranged along the collapse line as much as possible, and the length-to-width ratio of the opening should not be less than 2 to ensure that the width of the openings along the ship width is minimized under the same opening area. b. When opening holes on the strength deck in the area of half the ship's length, the size of the openings along the ship width shall not exceed 6.% of the distance from the cargo hold door to the 2
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ship's side. The width of the opening of a shaped hatch shall not exceed 9% of the distance from the hatch sideline to the side of the ship, and the width of the circular opening shall not exceed 6% of the above distance. If the opening does not meet the above requirements, strength compensation should be given. The requirements for strength compensation are shown in Appendix A: 3.6.4 Parts where openings are prohibitedbZxz.net
Some parts of the hull structure are prohibited from openings. The parts that are generally prohibited from openings are shown in Appendix B. For special ship types, openings of special materials must be made after full consultation with the hull department. 3.7 Welding of fasteners, assemblies and installation parts. 3.7.1 The welding of fasteners, assemblies and installation parts should be firm and should ensure that the cables are tightened and not de-soldered during use. 3.7.2 The base of fasteners and their assemblies should not be directly welded to the hull plate below the upper continuous deck. 3.7.3 When the assembly or flat steel bracket is directly installed on the beam or rib, the contact with each beam or rib should be welded firmly. 3.7.4 For the cable frame with openings that also serve as strength compensation, single-sided continuous welding shall be applied along the four sides of the cable frame to ensure strength; if the openings do not require strength compensation and there are no special requirements, the cable frame installed is allowed to be welded intermittently. 3.7.5 Fireproof and watertight installation parts such as cable stuffing boxes or cable drums, stuffing boxes, cable enclosures, etc. shall be welded along the four sides of the welding point to ensure watertightness. After welding and removing the welding slag, the watertightness of the weld shall be checked. 3.7.6 All welded fasteners, assembly parts and installation parts shall be cleaned of welding slag and painted with anti-rust paint. 4 Basic requirements for cable laying
4.1 The cable laying line shall be as straight as possible and easy to maintain. 4.1.1 When the main card cable is concealed, the closing plate on the failure path must be easy to open. 4.1.2 If the branch junction box of all cable lines is concealed, the closing plate must be easy to open and have a durable mark. 4.1.3 Thermal insulation materials such as foam plastics should not be sprayed on the cable. All cables in cold storage, boiler room, etc. should be laid openly. 4.2 Cables should be laid to prevent mechanical damage.
4.2.1 Avoid laying cables in cargo holds, storage rooms, decks, under the iron plate on the bottom of the hold, etc., which are susceptible to mechanical damage. If it cannot be avoided, a detachable cable shield or cable tube should be installed for protection. The thickness of the cable shield in the cargo hold and deck should not be less than 3mm. The metal shield should be treated with anti-corrosion. 4.2.2 Avoid laying cables in movable or detachable places to avoid damage to the cables when the movable parts are moved or disassembled. 4.2.3 When the cable passes through the deck, it must be protected by a metal cable tube, cable drum or cable coaming. 4.2.4 Cable laying should not cross the hull expansion joint. If it cannot be avoided, an expansion joint should be installed. If the expansion joint is a pipe elbow, the length of the expansion elbow should be proportional to the hull expansion length, and the minimum inner radius of the expansion elbow should be 12 times the maximum cable outer diameter.
4.3 Cables should be laid as far away from heat sources as possible. The space distance between cables and heat sources such as steam pipes, exhaust pipes and their flanges, resistors, boilers, etc. should generally not be less than 100mm; when cables cross steam pipes and exhaust pipes, the space distance should generally not be less than 80mm, otherwise effective insulation measures should be taken.
4.4 Cable laying should prevent moisture condensation and the influence of oil and water. 4.4.1. Try to avoid laying cables in places with moisture condensation, dripping water, and oil and water infiltration. 4.4.2 When laying cables under the iron plate of the bilge that is easily soaked by oil and water, the cables should be laid in metal pipes or pipes. The pipes or pipes should be installed close to the iron plate, and their two ends should be higher than the iron plate and sealed with fillers. 4.4.3. When laying cables on wet bulkheads, there should be at least 20mm of space between the cables and the bulkheads. 4.5 Avoid laying cables in places affected by flammable, explosive and corrosive gases (such as oil lamp room, paint room, battery room, gas welding bottle room, dangerous goods tank, coal tank, etc.). The lighting cables that are essential to the above-mentioned cabins should be laid in metal pipes or ducts. When metal springs or channels pass through the bulkhead, the original sealing performance of the bulkhead should be maintained to prevent the above-mentioned harmful gases from entering other cabins. 4.6 It is strictly forbidden to pass through oil tanks, and cables should generally not pass through water tanks. If it cannot be avoided, a single seamless steel pipe can be used for pipe laying. The pipe and its welding with the bulkhead should ensure watertightness, and anti-corrosion measures should be taken. 4.7 The laying distance between the cable and the shell plate, fireproof partition and deck should be no less than 20mm; the laying distance with the double bottom and lubricating oil and fuel tanks should be no less than 50mm.
4.8 The bending radius of cable laying should be within the allowable specified range. The minimum inner bending radius should generally comply with the provisions of Table 1. Table 1
Cable structure
.Thermoplastic materials and elastic materials
Outer sheath
Metal sheath, armor and braided layer,
Other outer sheath
Hard metal sheath
4.9 The following cables should be avoided or avoided as much as possible. Cable outer diameter D
Minimum inner bending radius
4.9.1 Cables with different maximum allowable operating temperatures should not be laid together. If such bundle laying is unavoidable, the operating temperature of any cable should not reach a temperature higher than the temperature allowed by the cable with the lowest temperature rating in the bundle. 4.9.2 Cables with different sheaths or coverings may damage the sheaths or coverings of other cables during laying. 4.9.3 If two power supply lines are required for important electrical equipment, the two power cables are to be laid as far apart as possible in the horizontal and vertical directions. In the case of two important electrical equipment, their power supply and control cables are to be laid as far apart as possible in the horizontal and vertical directions. 4.9.4 If the main steering gear is equipped with two independent control systems, all cables between the two systems from the navigation bridge to the engine room are to be laid as far away from each other as possible.
4.9.5 On a passenger ship, it is necessary to divide it into several fire zones. When the main and emergency feeder lines pass through any fire zone, they are to be laid as far apart as possible in the vertical and water half, so that in the event of a fire in any main fire zone, the power supply of important equipment in other main fire zones will not be affected. 4.9.6 The lines of cables and wires for important or emergency power, lighting, onboard communication or signals are to be laid as far away as possible from the kitchen, laundry room, machinery space and engine room shed, as well as other places with high fire risk, but cables supplying power to equipment in these places may be exceptions. If possible, cable routing should avoid damage to cables due to bulkhead heating caused by fire in adjacent spaces. Trunk cable routing and power and control cables of important equipment should be kept away from machinery parts with greater fire risks, except in the following cases:
Cables must be connected to equipment subordinate to these machines: Cables are protected by steel bulkheads or decks;
Use N-type fire-resistant cables that comply with GB9331.1 in this area; c.
Cable routing from generators and propulsion motors to the main switchboard and emergency switchboard; Cable routing directly above or directly below the main switchboard and emergency switchboard, motor centralized starter panel, zone switchboard, and centralized control panel for propulsion and important auxiliary machines. 4.9.7 The main circuit power cable of the electric propulsion system should be laid separately from the excitation cable and low-voltage cables for other purposes. 4.10 When laying cables in bundles, attention should be paid to the heat dissipation of the cables to avoid affecting the current carrying capacity. 4.10.1 The cross section of the cable bundle should be laid in a rectangular shape, and avoid laying it in a circular or square shape. The long side of the rectangle should be as large as possible, and the wide side should be as small as possible. The length-to-width ratio should preferably not be less than 3:1. 4.10.2 The number of layers of bundled cables should generally not be more than two, or the laying thickness should not be greater than 50mm. 4.11 Cables should generally not have joints when laid. If joints are required for maintenance or block shipbuilding, the conductive continuity, insulation, mechanical strength protection, grounding and fire resistance or combustion characteristics of such joints should not be lower than the corresponding requirements for the cable. 4
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4.12 It is allowed to lay open wires and fasten cables on the wooden closing board of the cabin, but the closing board must be fixed. 4.13 For cables with a working voltage exceeding 50V, the metal sheath must be reliably grounded. For detailed requirements, see Chapter 10 "Grounding of Cable Metal Sheath".
4.14 For cables in AC systems, it is best to use multi-core cables. If single-core cables must be used due to large currents, the provisions of Chapter 11 "Laying of single-core cables" shall be followed. 4.15 Cables not related to cold storage places should not pass through cold storage places. For their laying requirements, see Chapter 12. 4.16 When laying medium-voltage cables, safety and the impact on other lines should be considered. For their laying requirements, see Chapter 13. 5 Cable laying
5.1·. Before laying cables, check whether all fasteners and installation parts on the line are missing, whether there are sharp edges and burrs, whether the welding is firm, and whether they are all coated with anti-rust paint. After the cable is laid, gas cutting and welding should be avoided as much as possible on and near the laying line to avoid burning the cable. Otherwise, temporary protective measures should be taken. 5.2 When using building block type tightening hooks or bridge plates to tighten cables, temporary cable brackets should be hung at regular intervals as temporary supports for cable laying, and removed after the cables are tightened. 5.3 Before laying cables, carefully check the cable code, specification, length, name and location of the starting and ending equipment to see if they are consistent with the cable list and drawings, and check if the cables are damaged. 5.4 The cables should be pulled in the order specified in the cable list. For local cables, if there is no cable list, they can be cut and laid according to the actual routing according to the equipment layout diagram and cable system diagram, and temporary marks should be made at both ends. The laying of local cables should generally be carried out after the main cables are laid. 5.5 When laying cables, the cables should be moved continuously and evenly along the laying route of the welded fasteners, and should not be dragged hard to avoid damaging the cables. For the main cables, the cables should be stopped at the specified bulkhead or deck according to the "stop mark" of the cables. 5.6 When cables with different sheath layers are laid together, special attention should be paid to prevent the cables from rubbing against each other and damaging the cable sheath layer. 5.7 After each cable is laid, the cable must be neatly arranged, the length must be checked, and the cable must be rolled up and hung near the equipment. Cables must not be thrown around or stepped on at will to avoid damaging the cables. 5.8 After all cables are laid, the model, specification, length entering the equipment and total number of cables should be fully checked to prevent wrong laying or omission. After checking, the cables can be tightened. If the cable is tightened by binding, a bundle of cables can be laid, and after review and sorting, it can be tightened with a tie, and then the second bundle can be laid. 6 Cable tightening
6.1 Basic types of cable tightening with tie
6.1.1 Use cable brackets to tighten the cables. Single-layer laying is shown in Figure 3; double-layer laying is shown in Figure 4. Figure 3
1-cable tie; 2-cable; 3-U-type cable bracket; 4-support foot; 5-angle steel; 6-base foot; 7 bolts, nuts ZB/TU06002-89
1-cable tie; 2-cable;
3 cable bracket;
6.1.2 Fasten the cable with L-type bracket, see Figure 5. Base foot
Use the mountain-shaped bracket to fasten the cable,
-angle steel;
See Figure 6
Suspended foot;
Bolts, nuts
L-type cable bracket;
1-base foot; 2-angle steel; 3-mountain-shaped bracket, 5
4 flat steel;
Cable tie:
Cable tie; 5-cable;
6一Steel pipe
6.1.4 Fasten the cable with a flat steel bracket, see Figure 7ZB/TU06002-89
1-cable; 2-cable tie; 3-flat steel6.1.5 The type and size of the cable binding bracket shall be selected according to CB*3237, the cable metal tie shall be selected according to CB*3125, the non-metallic tie shall be selected according to CB*3126, and the plastic-coated metal tie shall be selected according to CB1113. 6.2 Basic types of cable fastening with hooks
6.2.1 Fasten the cable with a building block type hook, see Figure 8. Figure 8
Bottom; 2-angle steel;
6.2.2 Fasten the cable with a U-shaped hook, see Figure 9. - Building block type tightening:
1-foot; 2-angle steel, 3-bolt, nut; 4-bolt,
nut:
-U-type tightening hook: 5-cable
ZB/TU06002-89
6.2.3The type and size of U-type tightening hook and building block type tightening hook shall be selected according to CB*322. 6.3 Basic types of cable clamps to tighten cables 6.3.1 Fasten the cable on the bridge plate, see Figure 10. Figure 10
1-bridge plate; 2-cable clamp: 3-cable; 4-screw, nut 6.3.2 Fasten the cable on the cable guide plate, see Figure 11. Figure 11
1-guide plate: 2-cable clamp; 3-cable; 4-screw, nut: 5-bridge plate 6.3.3. Fasten the cable directly on the wooden closed plate, see Figure 12. Figure 12
1 a screw; 2 a cable clip, 3 a cable; 4 a wooden closing board 6.3.4 The type and size of the bridge plate shall be selected according to CB*321, the type and size of the guide plate shall be selected according to CB320, and the type and size of the cable clip shall be selected according to CB*388.
6.4 Fastening cables on composite rock wool board or calcium silicate board 6.4.1 When the composite rock wool board or calcium silicate board is close to the bulkhead steel plate (spacing 40 to 200 mm) in the hull structure type, the cable is generally fastened with a flat steel bracket and the like, and the cable is laid in concealed wire. When the cable enters the cabin and crosses the plate, a cable bushing should be provided at the opening. 8
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6.4.2 When composite rock wool board or calcium silicate board is directly used as the partition board between two rooms and the thickness of the board is about 50mm, the cable is usually laid in a concealed manner, in the empty groove at the joint of the two boards, or through the prefabricated hole in the interlayer of the board. 6.4.3 When the composite rock wool board or calcium silicate board is directly used as the partition board between two rooms, and the thickness of the board is about 22mm, the cable is usually laid in the wiring trough board with open wires. The structural type of the cable laid in the wiring trough board is shown in Figure 13. 2
1-Calcium silicate board, 2-Internal thread nylon embedded parts; 3-Screws; 4-Wire trough base; 5-Cable; 6-Anti-loose filler; 7Wire trough panel 6.5 The spacing between adjacent cable fasteners should be appropriately selected according to the outer diameter, type and vibration possibility of the cable laying site, but should not exceed the values specified in Table 2.
For vertically laid cables, the spacing values listed in Table 2 can be increased by 25%. Table 2
Cable fastening
Cable outer diameter
>8 ~13
>13 ~ 20
>20~30
6.6 Requirements for cable fastening
6.6.1 After fastening, the cable should not be loose, nor should it be harmfully deformed or damaged. The fastened cable should be straight and neat, and there should be no bulge or sagging between two adjacent fasteners. 6.6.2. All cable fasteners and their accessories should be strong. The surface in contact with the cable should be free of burrs and sharp edges. The surface of metal fasteners should be galvanized or painted with anti-rust paint.
6.6.3 It is not allowed to drill holes in watertight bulkheads, decks, the outer walls of deckhouses and the hull plates below the upper continuous deck to fasten with screws91 When the composite rock wool board or calcium silicate board is close to the bulkhead steel plate (spacing 40-200mm) of the hull structure, the cable is generally fastened with a flat steel bracket and laid in concealed wire. When the cable enters the cabin and crosses the plate, a cable bushing should be provided at the opening. 8
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6.4.2 When the composite rock wool board or calcium silicate board is directly used as the bulkhead board between two rooms, and the thickness of the board is about 50mm, the cable is usually laid in concealed wire, laid in the empty groove at the joint of the two boards, or passed through the prefabricated hole in the interlayer of the board. 6.4.3 When the composite rock wool board or calcium silicate board is directly used as the partition board between two rooms, and the thickness of the board is about 22mm, the cable is usually laid in the wiring trough board with open wires. The structural type of the cable laid in the wiring trough board is shown in Figure 13. 2
1-Calcium silicate board, 2-Internal thread nylon embedded parts; 3-Screws; 4-Wire trough base; 5-Cable; 6-Anti-loose filler; 7Wire trough panel 6.5 The spacing between adjacent cable fasteners should be appropriately selected according to the outer diameter, type and vibration possibility of the cable laying site, but should not exceed the values specified in Table 2.
For vertically laid cables, the spacing values listed in Table 2 can be increased by 25%. Table 2
Cable tightening
Cable outer diameter
>8 ~13
>13 ~ 20
>20~30
6.6 Requirements for cable tightening
6.6.1 After tightening, the cable should not be loose, nor should it be harmfully deformed or damaged. The tightened cable should be straight and neat, and there should be no bulge or sagging between two adjacent fasteners. 6.6.2. All cable fasteners and their accessories should be strong. The surface contacting the cable should be free of burrs and sharp edges. The surface of metal fasteners should be galvanized or painted with anti-rust paint.
6.6.3 It is not allowed to drill holes in watertight bulkheads, decks, the outer walls of deckhouses and the shell plates below the upper continuous deck to tighten with screws91 When the composite rock wool board or calcium silicate board is close to the bulkhead steel plate (spacing 40-200mm) of the hull structure, the cable is generally fastened with a flat steel bracket and laid in concealed wire. When the cable enters the cabin and crosses the plate, a cable bushing should be provided at the opening. 8
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6.4.2 When the composite rock wool board or calcium silicate board is directly used as the bulkhead board between two rooms, and the thickness of the board is about 50mm, the cable is usually laid in concealed wire, laid in the empty groove at the joint of the two boards, or passed through the prefabricated hole in the interlayer of the board. 6.4.3 When the composite rock wool board or calcium silicate board is directly used as the partition board between two rooms, and the thickness of the board is about 22mm, the cable is usually laid in the wiring trough board with open wires. The structural type of the cable laid in the wiring trough board is shown in Figure 13. 2
1-Calcium silicate board, 2-Internal thread nylon embedded parts; 3-Screws; 4-Wire trough base; 5-Cable; 6-Anti-loose filler; 7Wire trough panel 6.5 The spacing between adjacent cable fasteners should be appropriately selected according to the outer diameter, type and vibration possibility of the cable laying site, but should not exceed the values specified in Table 2.
For vertically laid cables, the spacing values listed in Table 2 can be increased by 25%. Table 2
Cable fastening
Cable outer diameter
>8 ~13
>13 ~ 20
>20~30
6.6 Requirements for cable fastening
6.6.1 After fastening, the cable should not be loose, nor should it be harmfully deformed or damaged. The fastened cable should be straight and neat, and there should be no bulge or sagging between two adjacent fasteners. 6.6.2. All cable fasteners and their accessories should be strong. The surface in contact with the cable should be free of burrs and sharp edges. The surface of metal fasteners should be galvanized or painted with anti-rust paint.
6.6.3 It is not allowed to drill holes in watertight bulkheads, decks, the outer walls of deckhouses and the hull plates below the upper continuous deck to fasten with screws9
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