Rules for the presentation of graphical symbols for use on graphical signs - Part 2: Test methods
Some standard content:
ICS01.080.01
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T16903.2—2008
Replaces GB/T12103—1990
Rules for the presentation of graphical symbols for use on graphical signs-Part 2: Test methods
ISO 9186:2001, Graphical symbols-Test methods for judged comprehensibility and for comprehension, MOD)Published on 16 July 2008
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of ChinaStandardization Administration of the People's Republic of China
Implemented on 1 January 2009
GB/T 16903.2—2008
Normative references
Terms and definitions
Basic procedure
5 Steps
5.1 Collect information
5.2 Collect the graphic symbol scheme for each object Select the appropriate test method
6 Test using paper presentation
6.1 Reading test for evaluation of comprehensibility
6.2 Reading test for comprehensibility
7 Reading test using computer screen display,
7.1 Reading test for evaluation of comprehensibility
7.2 Reading test for comprehensibility
8 Acceptance of schemes for marking difficult graphic symbols
Appendix A (Informative Appendix) Points to be considered when collecting information - Appendix B (Normative Appendix)
Appendix C (Normative Appendix)
Comprehensibility evaluation test
Comprehension intensity test
GB/T 16903.2--2008
GB/T169D3 is one of the national standards in the series of graphic symbol representation rules. The structure and name of this series of national standards are as follows: a) GB/T1690K (General rules for graphic symbol representation). b) GB/T16901 (Rules for the Representation of Graphical Symbols for Technical Documents), divided into the following three parts: - Part 1: Basic rules:
- Part 2: Computer electronic file format specifications for graphic symbols (including graphic symbols in the reference symbol library) and their exchange requirements:
- Part 3: Classification of connection points, networks and their coding. c) GB/T16902 (Rules for the Representation of Graphical Symbols for Equipment), divided into the following four parts: Part 1: Prototype symbols:
- Part 2: Form and use of arrows! - Part 3 Application guidelines:
Part 4: Applicable rules for graphic symbols (icons) for screens and displays. d) GB/T16903 (Rules for the Representation of Graphical Symbols for Signs) 1, divided into the following two parts: - Part 1 Design principles for public information graphic symbols! Part 2: Test procedures. This part is Part 2 of GB/T 16903. It is revised and adopted from the redrafting method. The "Test methods for evaluation of the comprehensibility and understanding of graphic symbols" is adopted. Compared with ISO 9186: 2001, this part has the following technical differences: - The international standard GB/T 2893.1 is adopted to replace the referenced document ISO 3864 in the original international standard; the referenced document IS0 7001 in the original international standard is replaced by the non-equivalent international standard GB/T 10001.1, and the other parts of GB/T 10001 are added to the normative reference documents; - The IS0 in the original international standard is replaced by GB/T 15565 (all parts) which has no consistency relationship with the international standard. 17724:
The original international standard IS0/TR7239 is replaced by GB/T16903.1, which is a non-equivalent international standard; in order to maintain consistency with relevant national standards, all terms in Chapter 3 are deleted, and GB/T 155651 is directly quoted, except for the requirements for testing in different countries; - The test requirements for the cultural background of different countries are deleted; the relevant provisions on "not adopting difficult graphic symbols" in 5.1 are deleted, and Appendix A is rewritten according to the actual situation in my country and is used as an informative appendix. Appendix D is deleted.wwW.bzxz.Net
This part also makes the following abridged static changes to ISO 9185,2001: By quoting the relevant content of 6.1, the relevant content in 7.1 that is related to 6.1 is deleted. Repeated content, this part replaces GB/T12103-1990 (Development and procedures for graphic symbols for signs). The main differences from GB/T12103-1990 are:
- The name of the standard is changed to "Graphic symbols for signs" Part 2: Test procedures - Revised in accordance with ISO9186:2001 1
GB/T16903.2-2008
Appendix A of this part is informative, Appendix B and Appendix C As a normative appendix, this part is proposed and managed by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Graphic Symbols. Drafting units of this part: China National Institute of Standardization, Light Industry Standardization Institute. The main drafters of this part: Zou Chuanyu, Bai Yinyi, Zhang Liang, Chen Yongquan, Yang Nian. The original standard was first issued in 1990 (standard number: GB/T12103-1990). This is the first revision. 1 Scope
Rules for the representation of graphic symbols for signs
Part 2: Test procedures
This part of GB/T16903 specifies:
Steps to follow when collecting the required information during the process of standardization of graphic symbols: Methods to use when testing the most easily understood graphic symbol scheme! When encountering uncertainty in the transmission of information from the graphic symbol scheme, the method used is GB/T 16903.2—2008
This part is prepared to ensure that graphic symbols and graphic signs are easy to understand, but there is no corresponding means to ensure that the prohibition or warning information conveyed by the graphic symbols or signs designed according to this part can be followed. Only with the right attitude and motivation, the information conveyed by the sign can be followed. Graphic signs do not replace supervision, physical barriers and other means of ensuring safety.
2 Normative references
The provisions of the following documents become the provisions of this part through reference to this part of GB/T 16903. For any dated referenced document, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revised versions are not applicable to this part. However, the parties to the agreement based on this part are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For any undated referenced document, the latest version applies to this part.
GB/T2893.1 National symbols, safety colors and safety signs Part 1: Design principles for safety signs in workplaces and public areas (GB/T 2893.1—2004, IS0 3864-1:2002, M0D) GB/T5465.2 Graphical symbols for electrical equipment Part 2. Graphical symbols (GB/T5465.2—2008, IEC60417DB2007.IDT
GB/T10001 (all parts) Graphical symbols for public information for signs\GB/T15565 (all parts) Terminology of graphic symbols GB/T 16903.1 Rules for the representation of graphic symbols for signs Part 1: Design principles for national symbols for public information (GB/T 16903. 1—2008, ISO 22727, 2007, Graphical symbals—Creation and design of publie informa-tion JEC 60417-1 Graphical symbols for use on equipment-Part 1: Overview and use3 Terms and definitions The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 15565 apply to this part of GB/T 16903. 1) The degree of consistency between the various parts of GB/T 10001 and GB/T 15565 is as follows: - GB/T 10001.1-2006 Graphical symbols for public information for signs Part 1: General symbols (IS0 7001:1990, Publication Syrabola, NEO) - Other parts of GB/T 10001 have a degree of consistency with international standards. 2) Corresponding national standards: GB/T 16273 (all parts) and other relevant national standards. 1 GB/T 10001.1-2006 Graphical symbols for public information for signs Part 1: General symbols (IS0 7001:1990, Publication Syrabola, NEO) - Other parts of GB/T 10001 have a degree of consistency with international standards. 2) Corresponding national standards: GB/T 16273 (all parts) and other relevant national standards. 16903,2—2006
4 Basic Procedure
The steps of the test procedure are as follows:
a) Collect the required information (see 5.1)
Collect or design the proposed scheme (see 5.2). At the beginning of the work, the group responsible for proposing the graphic symbol scheme should find out whether there are certain graphic symbols in the current or revised national standards. These graphic symbols are the same as the proposed scheme:--the same object
-the same image content,
the same function:
the same user group.
When an object has four or more schemes, conduct a comprehensibility evaluation test (see, 5.3, 6.1 and 7.1). When an object has less than four schemes, conduct a comprehensibility evaluation test (see Section 3.6.1 and 7.1), or conduct a comprehensibility test (see 5. 3,6,2, and 沪,2),
When a subject has one solution that exceeds the minimum score required for the next test, but all solutions do not meet the acceptable standard for the comprehensibility evaluation test, then a comprehensibility test is performed to evaluate the comprehensibility of the solution (see 6.2 and 7.2).) To determine the difficulty of the special number, the graphic symbol inclusion criteria must meet: meet the acceptable score in the comprehensibility evaluation test (see 6.2.7 and 7.2), or meet the acceptable score in the comprehensibility test (see Chapter 8). 5 Steps
5.1 Collect information
Detailed consideration of the information brought by the graphic symbol testing and standardization, Appendix A The following sections provide the considerations for the design of the object. The current national standards and draft national standards under preparation are searched. If a standard graphic symbol has been developed according to the requirements of this part for an object, the symbol should be used. If a graphic symbol is already being tested for an object, the test results are awaited. To determine whether the graphic symbol is widely understood, a comprehensive analysis of the problem must be conducted first. To this end, the key points listed in Appendix A are considered.
5.2 Collect graphic symbol schemes for each object 5.2.1 Collect as many current graphic symbol schemes as possible, including the corresponding graphic symbols specified in the standards of domestic, international and foreign standardization organizations:
5.2.2 If the number of graphic symbol schemes collected is insufficient, it is advisable to design a new scheme in accordance with GB/T16903.1 to increase the success rate of the test. 5.2.3 When there are two or more schemes with similar graphic content among the collected graphic symbol schemes, only one of them is selected for the test procedure.
5.2.4 If the graphic symbol scheme is similar to the graphic content of the graphic symbols for public information, equipment or safety signs in the current national standards or international standards (including GB2894. GB/T5465. GB/T10001 and ISO 7000, etc.), it will not be included in the test procedure. Note: In order to prevent the high test scheme from being significantly different from the current graphic symbols, 5.2.5 It is advisable to test only the graphic special number schemes that meet the design requirements of GB/T16903.1. Confirm that the graphic symbol scheme will not violate the relevant copyright or registered trademarks.
5. 3 Select the appropriate retest method
If a graphic symbol scheme reaches an acceptable score in the comprehensibility evaluation test or the comprehensibility test, it can be included in the standard. When there are four or more schemes for an object, a comprehensibility evaluation test is conducted to determine the most comprehensible scheme. If there are no solutions that can achieve an acceptable score for the comprehensibility evaluation, a comprehensibility test should be conducted. When there are less than four solutions for an object, a comprehensibility evaluation test or a comprehensibility reading test should be conducted. Choose the method that is easiest to implement between the two test methods of paper presentation (see Chapter 6) and computer screen display (see Chapter 7). 2
6 Test using paper presentation
6.1 Comprehensibility evaluation test
6.1.1 Preparation of test materials
GB/T 16903.2—2008
6.1.1.1 Make necessary adjustments to the graphic symbol schemes for the test to make them meet the requirements of GB/T16903.1. The test materials of graphic symbols should be produced in a unified manner in accordance with the same requirements. All schemes for the same object should be printed on one page, and the schemes should be black graphics with white backgrounds. Color should be used only when the color has a special meaning. When color is used, there should be enough contrast between the figure and the background to ensure that the scheme is easy to identify. In addition, the accuracy of the color and contrast should be ensured when preparing the test materials. 6.1.1.2 Prepare an information card for each object. The upper part of the card lists all the schemes for the object. The information card should also include: - Object name
- Object function;
- Application short domain,
- Rejection function (if any).
Consider the details listed in Appendix A and collect the above information. 6.1.1.3 All the schemes for an object should be printed on an A4 test page in the standard size of (28 mm ± 1.4 rm) × (28 mm ± 1.4 m). The schemes should be arranged in a circle with the center of the test page as the center and the radius of 80 mm. A question line should be drawn below each scheme. The name of the object is provided on the test page. 6.1.1.4 Give each subject an information card and a test sheet. Protocols for different subjects can be tested on the same group of subjects. All protocols for each subject should be printed on a single test sheet. 6.1.2 Testing
6.1.2.1 When testing a set of protocols for one subject, at least 50 subjects should be present. 6.1.2.2 The subjects should be similar to the end-user population in terms of age, sex, occupation, level of acuity, and physical fitness (if relevant). This information should be recorded.
Subjects who have been tested on one test (comprehensibility assessment or comprehension) for one subject should not be tested on other tests of the same subject. 6.1.2.3 It is recommended that the subjects have a certain understanding of the given object. 6.1.3 The role of the tester in the evaluation of product comprehensibility 6.1.3.1 Before the test, the tester should guide the tester to read the information card and remind the tester to remember the information on the information card during the evaluation process. When the object has a rejection function (see Appendix A), the tester should be particularly reminded to pay attention to these rejection functions. 6.1.3.2 Before the test, the tester should read all the options on the test page. Instruct the tester to evaluate the comprehensibility of each option according to the following instructions: "Let each symbol express the meaning of
people, the percentage of people,"
(fill in the expected meaning on the horizontal line). Please write the percentage of people who you think can understand the content. Instruct the tester to write their answers on the horizontal line under each option. 6.1.4 Analyze the results of the comprehensibility evaluation test List the test results in a table (see Appendix B B.1), with each option corresponding to a column in the table and each subject corresponding to a row in the table. In each row, enter the score given by the tester to each option. Then, calculate the "mean" and "median" of each solution and fill in the corresponding "mean" and "median" rows in the table.
If the answers to the comprehensibility evaluation test are not normally distributed, the median should be used instead of the mean. 6.1.5 Representation of results
6.1.5.1 Each object is listed separately (see B2). The table includes the test data of all solutions for the object. In each table, arrange the solutions according to the average value of the comprehensibility score in accordance with the reduction chart. 6.1.5.2 In the table of each object, include the following information: 3
GB/T 16903.2—2008
a) Name of the object,
b) Function of the object,
Scope of application
Number of subjects of each age group, gender, occupation, educational level and physical fitness (if relevant); Description of the graphic symbol of the test scheme,
f) Identification code of the scheme
g) Source of the scheme;
h) Mean and median scores of the schemes;
i) Information on the subjects collected in 6.1.2.2.
B.3 A completed sample form is presented,
6. 1. 6 Determine the mean of the evaluation method to be easily understood. If only one scheme has a mean that satisfies the acceptable score for the perceptual evaluation test, then that scheme can be used as the symbol for the object. : Check with SAC/TC 59 for the requirements for acceptable scores on the comprehensibility assessment test. If the subject has more than one cumulative average score above the acceptable score on the comprehensibility assessment test, select a solution that is not easily mismatched with the current standard graphic symbol (graphic symbol that meets the standardization procedure). If multiple solutions have zero scores above the minimum score required for the next step, but no solution reaches the acceptable score, then these solutions should be tested for comprehensibility.
If the average of all solutions is not higher than the minimum score required for the next step, no comprehension test is allowed. At this time, further solutions should be collected or designed, and when the new solution is designed, it should be tested. 6.1.7 Solution selection for comprehension check
6.1.7.1 When a subject has only four or fewer solutions, a comprehensibility test can be used instead of a comprehensibility assessment test. 6.1.7.2 When an image has four or more digits, if no solutions are obtained from the explicit comprehension test with a mean value higher than the acceptable score, and if the mean value of more than one solution is higher than the minimum score for the next test, then a comprehension test is conducted.
6.1.7.3 When selecting solutions from the comprehension test, the solution with the highest mean value and two other solutions with significantly different graphic details should be selected.
Note that the use of three solutions for the periodic reading test is sufficient. The comprehension test is used to assess the degree to which the subject correctly understands the symbol when he sees it for the first time. 6.2 Comprehension Test
6.2.1 Preparation of Test Materials
6.2.1.1 Prepare a test sheet (A6 size) for each subject. Each test sheet should display a specific graphic symbol scheme, with a line drawn below the scheme for the subject to fill in the answer: The graphic symbol to be tested is placed in the center of the test sheet according to the standard size of (28mm±1.4mm) and (28mm±1.4mm).
In the comprehension test, it is very important to use text or graphics to explain the possible contexts in which the symbol may appear (such as "at an airport" or "on the wall of a public building"). These instructions should be printed near the graphic symbol scheme on each test sheet. If a specific action is required when seeing the symbol, then asking the following two questions at the same time can help the subject answer more accurately: "What do you think this symbol means? and "What specific action do you take after seeing this symbol?" These two questions are printed in the space below the graphic symbol, and two lines are drawn for the subject to fill in the answer. 6.2.1.2 Allocate different schemes for all subjects to different test groups (a test group can test different subjects, but should only test one scheme for a given subject). The maximum number of groups is determined by the number of subject schemes. If the schemes for each subject are different, the number of word lists in each group does not have to be the same. Arrange the test materials to be distributed to each test group into booklets. The graphic symbol schemes in the test booklets are randomly arranged. Every 50 booklets have at least 10 different arrangement sequences, that is, there are no more than 5 booklets with the same arrangement sequence in 50 booklets. The number of subjects in any test group should not exceed 20. 4
GB/T 16903.2—2008
6.2.1.3Each test group is assigned a letter as a group identification code, such as A, B, C, etc. This group identification code is marked in the lower right corner of each test sheet of each test group.
6.2.1.4Each subject is assigned a number as a subject identification code, and the subject identification code is printed after the group identification code on each test sheet of each test group.
6.2.1.5The test booklet provided for each test includes a title page, an instruction page, and a sample page. On the title page, leave space for the following information: - Test date;
- Test location:
- Name of the examiner:
Age of the subject (age groups: 15 to 30 years old, 31 to 50 years old, over 50 years old), gender of the subject,
- Education level of the subject:| |tt||————Occupation of the subject,
——Physical fitness of the subject (if relevant).
On the instruction page, guide the subject to answer "What do you think this graphic symbol means?", and fill in the answer on the corresponding horizontal line under the graphic symbol. If the subject is not sure of the meaning of the graphic symbol, fill in "I don't know". There is a common graphic symbol printed on the sample page, and the name of the symbol is handwritten on the horizontal line below the graphic symbol. If the subject is required to make a specific action when seeing the graphic symbol, the subject needs to be guided to answer "What specific action do you take after seeing this symbol?", and the subject's answer is written on the second horizontal line under the symbol. At this time, there is a common graphic symbol printed on the sample page, and these two questions are printed under the graphic symbol and two horizontal lines are drawn. Manually fill in the name of the symbol and the reaction action to be made on the horizontal lines respectively.
Note: For an example of a booklet of test materials, see Appendix C. 1.6. 2.2 Subjects
6.2.2.1 Each graphic symbol group should have no fewer than 50 subjects. 6.2.2.2 The principles for selecting subjects are shown in 6.1.2.2. 6.2.2.3 Subjects should preferably be people who have some understanding of the given object. 6.2.2.4 Using matching groups or randomly distributing test materials among all subjects will ensure that the test groups for each set of materials are similar in age, gender, occupation and education level. 6.2.3 Test work
6.2.3.1 Distribute a test booklet to each subject. 6.2.3.2 Instruct the subject to follow the instructions on the instruction page. If there is any doubt about the subject's ability to understand the written instructions, read them aloud. Confirm that all subjects indicate that they understand their tasks. 6.2.4 Analyze the results of the comprehension test
6.2.4.1 List the answer list
List the answer list by object.
Since the answer list can be used to solve the non-normal distribution of the test results and provide useful information for improving the design of graphic symbols, it is advisable to keep the answer list.
6.2.4.2 Alternative points
In order to reduce the data for the next evaluation, three judges are assigned to classify each answer in the answer list into the following seven standard categories.
GB/T 16903.2—200B
Answer categories
Completely correct understanding (the degree of correct understanding of the expected content exceeds 10%) Approximately correct understanding (the degree of correct understanding of the meaning of the term is 66% to 100%) Strongly correct understanding (the degree of correct understanding of the meaning of the term is 50% to 65%) The meaning of the term is opposite to the meaning of the term
In any other answers
The answer is "I don't know"
No answer
The classification work is completed independently by each judge. The judge should consider the functional application domain of the corresponding object and the classification examples provided. In order to unify the evaluation criteria, examples of each answer category need to be provided. If the subject does not fill in a certain answer on the test booklet, the judge will classify it as "unanswered". "Unanswered" is not the same as "don't know". When the subject makes a clear mark (question mark, cross, etc.) on the booklet, indicating that he does not know the meaning of the graphic symbol, at this time, these answers need to be classified as "don't know".
If the judges disagree on the classification of a certain answer, first try to reach a consensus. If no consensus can be reached after negotiation, the classification shall be based on the opinions of the majority of judges.
The subject can be asked to answer the judges. 6.2.4.3 Analyze the categories of answers
List the test results in a table (see C.2), with one column for each solution and one row for each category. Count the number of respondents in each category in each solution, and then divide the obtained frequency by the total number of answers in categories 1 to 6, and then multiply by 100. Convert to score.
The method to fill in the "Score" column is as follows:
-Fill the percentage of answers in category 1 into the "Score" column-Multiply the percentage of answers in category 2 by 0.75,Fill in the \score\ column 1 Multiply the percentage of answers in category 3 by 0.5 and fill in the \score\ column. Add the scores in the \score\ column and fill in the \total\ row. Subtract the score for the \opposite meaning category (category 4) from the total and fill in the \total\ row.
6.2.5 Presentation of results
Summarize the test results for each object (see C.2) in the table and list all the solutions for one object in one table. In the table for each object, include the following information: a) Test time, b) Object name; e) Object function; Application area: Number of subjects in each age group, gender, education level, occupation and physical fitness (if relevant) of the subjects; e) Academic qualifications or occupations of the three judges who classified the responses; The program for the test and a brief summary of its version; h) The source of the program; i) Number of responses for the program (i.e. sample size), response rate for each response category; Score for each response category! 1) The overall score of the program is calculated according to 6.2.4.3: 8 GB/T 16903.2—2008 m) List the 5 responses with the highest number of occurrences for each program, and list the responses and the corresponding number of subjects in the table 1 n) Relevant information provided when the program is tested. 6.2.6 Comprehensive test results
Collect all test data from the comprehension test. For each program, calculate the total number of answers for each answer category and convert it into a percentage. For all subjects, enter the percentage into the "score" column in 5.2.4.3. All comprehension test data for each subject are entered into a table (see C.3). The table should include the following information: Name of the subject;
b) Number of subjects:
Number of subjects in each age group, subject gender, education level, occupation and physical fitness (if relevant); d) Other information provided during the program test; e)
The program for which the test was conducted, including identification code and color description;
The source of the program;
The number of answers for the program (i.e., sample size); h) The actual total frequency and percentage of answers for each answer category of the program; i) The score for each answer category of the program;
j) Calculate the comprehensive score of the program according to 6.2.4.3. 6. 2.7 Determine the solution for object comprehension
Use the comprehensive score to determine the most comprehensible solution. The solution with the highest comprehensive score is the most comprehensible solution. If the comprehensive score of a solution is higher than the acceptable score of the comprehension test, then the solution can be used as the standard graphic symbol for the object.
When the comprehensive scores of two solutions are higher than the acceptable score of the comprehension test and have the same comprehensive scores, select a solution that is not easily mixed with the current graphic symbol.
If the comprehensive scores of all solutions are lower than the acceptable score of the comprehension test, design a new solution and repeat the test procedure. 7 Tests using computer screen display
7.1 Comprehensibility evaluation test
7.1.1 Preparation of test materials
7.1.1. 1 In the test using computer screen display, "page" means different layouts of the computer. The test pages of graphic symbols should follow the same requirements and be made uniformly. The screen size should be at least 3.8 cm (15 inches) and the minimum resolution should be 800 pixels × 600 pixels. The requirements for screen size and resolution are to ensure that the graphic symbol image is displayed without distortion and that a sufficient number of graphic symbol schemes can be displayed simultaneously. If the displayed graphic symbol image is jagged or deformed, the symbol image and graphic image cannot be displayed correctly. In this case, anti-aliasing methods or methods to increase the screen resolution should be used to improve the quality of the graphic. The image display of the scheme should be displayed in a separate area divided by a square frame with a white background. If the symbol is in a safe shape (such as a triangle and a circle), it is allowed to be displayed in the corresponding shape area. Regardless of whether the scheme is presented in color, the text should usually be set to black and white mode. Color should only be used when the color has a special meaning. At this time, there should be enough contrast between the graphic and the background to ensure that the scheme is easy to recognize and the color meets the relevant regulations of CIE (International Illumination Commission) (see GB/T8416). 7. 1.1.2 Prepare an information page for each object. The information page should state: Object name!
Object function;
Application area
-Exclusion function (if any).
Details listed in Appendix A: and include the selected information. 7
GB/T 16903.2-—2008
7.1.1.3 Prepare a test page for each object. A maximum of 12 graphic symbols should be displayed on the test page. The size of the graphic symbols should be large enough to ensure that all details are easy to recognize. The test page should be separated from the information page. The border of the graphic symbol should be 20×(1±5%)mm+at least pixels. Each scheme should be arranged in a circle with the center of the screen as the center and the radius of 2000 as equal spacing (white background). If necessary (when there are 11 or 12 solutions), the circle can be adjusted to an ellipse to better display the symbol solution. The minor axis of the inset circle is 160 m. In the middle of the auxiliary test page, the content of the information page is repeated, that is, the object name, object function, application domain and exclusion function (if any). A rectangular data input area should be set under each solution. A horizontal line should be set at the bottom of the input area, and a "%\" sign should be set at the right end of the input area. The cursor should be placed in the input area before the "%\" sign to type the answer. When an auxiliary area is selected, there should be feedback to help identify the selected input area and the corresponding solution (that is, display these requirements in detail). 7.1.1.4 There should be an instruction page and an information page before the test page. The contents of the instruction page and the information page are all for the same object. The instruction page should explain the object name and guide the subject to read the next page of information page carefully (the information page describes the object again and points out the exclusion function). The information page describes the object function and application domain in detail. If there is an exclusion function (see A 1), the exclusion function should be listed on the information page. There should be "Next Page" and "Previous Page" buttons on both sides so that the subjects can switch between the two pages using the cursor keys or wind vane. 7.1.1.5 The workstation layout, visual display terminal and keyboard should be in the position recommended by ISO9241-3, ISO9241-4, ISO9241-5 and ISO9241-12.
7.1.1.6 For each subject, the graphic symbol scheme is displayed on the screen in a different random order. During the test, the subject can obtain a paper version of the screen information. 7. 1.2 Subjects
Select subjects according to 6.1.2.
7.1.3 Subjects' tasks in the comprehensibility evaluation test Before displaying the special instruction page for reading, explain to subjects how to move the cursor and switch between different pages to confirm that subjects are familiar with the relevant computer operations.
Before the test begins to score, the tester should browse all the options on the test page and guide the tester to evaluate the comprehensibility of each option according to the following instructions: 1 "Assuming that the meaning expressed by each symbol is
(fill in the expected meaning on the horizontal line), what percentage of people do you think can understand the meaning? Move the cursor to the "%\ before entering the percentage you think" under each symbol. 7.1.4 Analysis of the results of the comprehensibility evaluation test The data entered by the subjects on the test page should be processed according to the method in 6.1.4. 7.1.5 Representation of results
Represent the test results according to 6.1.5.
7.1.6 Comprehensive visual test results
Comprehensive test results in accordance with 6.1.6.
7.1.7 Determine the average value obtained by the evaluated party in the process of understanding 7.1.6, and determine the solution for measuring understanding in accordance with 6.1.7. 7.1.8 Selection of solution for understanding test
Select the solution for understanding test in accordance with 6.1.7. 7.2 Understanding test
7.2.1 Preparation of test materials
7.2.1.1 The instructions on display mode and display quality defined in 7.1.1.1 also apply to the understanding test. Prepare a series of test pages, each of which should display a solution of graphic symbols to be tested. The graphic symbol should be placed in the center of the test page. The size of the graphic symbol should be at least 40mm×40mm. In the comprehension test, it is very important to inform the subjects in the environment where the symbol may appear (such as "in the airport", "on the wall of a public building") in words or graphics. These instructions should be displayed next to the graphic symbol on each test page.5 Results
Summarize the test results for each object (see C.2) in the table and list all the solutions for one object in one table. In the table for each object, include the following information: a) test time, b) object name; e) object function;
application area:
number of subjects in each age group, gender, education level, occupation and physical fitness (if relevant) of the subjects; e) academic qualifications or occupations of the three judges who classified the answers; the solutions tested and a brief description of their versions; h) the source of the solutions; i) the number of solutions (i.e. sample size), the response rate for each answer category;
the score for each answer category!
1) The comprehensive score of the scheme is calculated according to 6.2.4.3: 8
GB/T 16903.2—2008
m) List the 5 most frequently appearing answers for each scheme, and list the answers and the corresponding test scores in the table 1n) The relevant information provided during the scheme test. 6.2. 6 Comprehensive test results
Collect all test data in the comprehension test. For each solution, calculate the total number of answers for each answer category and convert it into a percentage. For all subjects, enter the percentage into the "Score" column in 5.2.4.3. All comprehension test data for each subject are entered into a table (see C.3). The table should include the following information: Subject name; b) Number of subjects: Subjects of each age group, gender, education level, occupation and physical fitness (if relevant); d) Other information provided during the solution test; e) The solution for which the test was conducted, including identification code and color description; the source of the solution; h) The actual total frequency and percentage of answers for each answer category of the solution; i) The score for each answer category of the solution; j) Calculate the comprehensive score of the solution according to 6.2.4.3. 6. 2.7 Determine the solution for object comprehension
Use the comprehensive score to determine the most comprehensible solution. The solution with the highest comprehensive score is the most comprehensible solution. If the comprehensive score of a solution is higher than the acceptable score of the comprehension test, then the solution can be used as the standard graphic symbol for the object.
When the comprehensive scores of two solutions are higher than the acceptable score of the comprehension test and have the same comprehensive scores, select a solution that is not easily mixed with the current graphic symbol.
If the comprehensive scores of all solutions are lower than the acceptable score of the comprehension test, design a new solution and repeat the test procedure. 7 Tests using computer screen display
7.1 Comprehensibility evaluation test
7.1.1 Preparation of test materials
7.1.1. 1 In the test using computer screen display, "page" means different layouts of the computer. The test pages of graphic symbols should follow the same requirements and be made uniformly. The screen size should be at least 3.8 cm (15 inches) and the minimum resolution should be 800 pixels × 600 pixels. The requirements for screen size and resolution are to ensure that the graphic symbol image is displayed without distortion and that a sufficient number of graphic symbol schemes can be displayed simultaneously. If the displayed graphic symbol image is jagged or deformed, the symbol image and graphic image cannot be displayed correctly. In this case, anti-aliasing methods or methods to increase the screen resolution should be used to improve the quality of the graphic. The image display of the scheme should be displayed in a separate area divided by a square frame with a white background. If the symbol is in a safe shape (such as a triangle and a circle), it is allowed to be displayed in the corresponding shape area. Regardless of whether the scheme is presented in color, the text should usually be set to black and white mode. Color should only be used when the color has a special meaning. At this time, there should be enough contrast between the graphic and the background to ensure that the scheme is easy to recognize and the color meets the relevant regulations of CIE (International Illumination Commission) (see GB/T8416). 7. 1.1.2 Prepare an information page for each object. The information page should state: Object name!
Object function;
Application area
-Exclusion function (if any).
Details listed in Appendix A: and include the selected information. 7
GB/T 16903.2-—2008
7.1.1.3 Prepare a test page for each object. A maximum of 12 graphic symbols should be displayed on the test page. The size of the graphic symbols should be large enough to ensure that all details are easy to recognize. The test page should be separated from the information page. The border of the graphic symbol should be 20×(1±5%)mm+at least pixels. Each scheme should be arranged in a circle with the center of the screen as the center and the radius of 2000 as equal spacing (white background). If necessary (when there are 11 or 12 solutions), the circle can be adjusted to an ellipse to better display the symbol solution. The minor axis of the inset circle is 160 m. In the middle of the auxiliary test page, the content of the information page is repeated, that is, the object name, object function, application domain and exclusion function (if any). A rectangular data input area should be set under each solution. A horizontal line should be set at the bottom of the input area, and a "%\" sign should be set at the right end of the input area. The cursor should be placed in the input area before the "%\" sign to type the answer. When an auxiliary area is selected, there should be feedback to help identify the selected input area and the corresponding solution (that is, display these requirements in detail). 7.1.1.4 There should be an instruction page and an information page before the test page. The contents of the instruction page and the information page are all for the same object. The instruction page should explain the object name and guide the subject to read the next page of information page carefully (the information page describes the object again and points out the exclusion function). The information page describes the object function and application domain in detail. If there is an exclusion function (see A 1), the exclusion function should be listed on the information page. There should be "Next Page" and "Previous Page" buttons on both sides so that the subjects can switch between the two pages using the cursor keys or wind vane. 7.1.1.5 The workstation layout, visual display terminal and keyboard should be in the position recommended by ISO9241-3, ISO9241-4, ISO9241-5 and ISO9241-12.
7.1.1.6 For each subject, the graphic symbol scheme is displayed on the screen in a different random order. During the test, the subject can obtain a paper version of the screen information. 7. 1.2 Subjects
Select subjects according to 6.1.2.
7.1.3 Subjects' tasks in the comprehensibility evaluation test Before displaying the special instruction page for reading, explain to subjects how to move the cursor and switch between different pages to confirm that subjects are familiar with the relevant computer operations.
Before the test begins to score, the tester should browse all the options on the test page and guide the tester to evaluate the comprehensibility of each option according to the following instructions: 1 "Assuming that the meaning expressed by each symbol is
(fill in the expected meaning on the horizontal line), what percentage of people do you think can understand the meaning? Move the cursor to the "%\ before entering the percentage you think" under each symbol. 7.1.4 Analysis of the results of the comprehensibility evaluation test The data entered by the subjects on the test page should be processed according to the method in 6.1.4. 7.1.5 Representation of results
Represent the test results according to 6.1.5.
7.1.6 Comprehensive visual test results
Comprehensive test results in accordance with 6.1.6.
7.1.7 Determine the average value obtained by the evaluated party in the process of understanding 7.1.6, and determine the solution for measuring understanding in accordance with 6.1.7. 7.1.8 Selection of solution for understanding test
Select the solution for understanding test in accordance with 6.1.7. 7.2 Understanding test
7.2.1 Preparation of test materials
7.2.1.1 The instructions on display mode and display quality defined in 7.1.1.1 also apply to the understanding test. Prepare a series of test pages, each of which should display a solution of graphic symbols to be tested. The graphic symbol should be placed in the center of the test page. The size of the graphic symbol should be at least 40mm×40mm. In the comprehension test, it is very important to inform the subjects in the environment where the symbol may appear (such as "in the airport", "on the wall of a public building") in words or graphics. These instructions should be displayed next to the graphic symbol on each test page.5 Results
Summarize the test results for each object (see C.2) in the table and list all the solutions for one object in one table. In the table for each object, include the following information: a) test time, b) object name; e) object function;
application area:
number of subjects in each age group, gender, education level, occupation and physical fitness (if relevant) of the subjects; e) academic qualifications or occupations of the three judges who classified the answers; the solutions tested and a brief description of their versions; h) the source of the solutions; i) the number of solutions (i.e. sample size), the response rate for each answer category;
the score for each answer category!
1) The comprehensive score of the scheme is calculated according to 6.2.4.3: 8
GB/T 16903.2—2008
m) List the 5 most frequently appearing answers for each scheme, and list the answers and the corresponding test scores in the table 1n) The relevant information provided during the scheme test. 6.2. 6 Comprehensive test results
Collect all test data in the comprehension test. For each solution, calculate the total number of answers for each answer category and convert it into a percentage. For all subjects, enter the percentage into the "Score" column in 5.2.4.3. All comprehension test data for each subject are entered into a table (see C.3). The table should include the following information: Subject name; b) Number of subjects: Subjects of each age group, gender, education level, occupation and physical fitness (if relevant); d) Other information provided during the solution test; e) The solution for which the test was conducted, including identification code and color description; the source of the solution; h) The actual total frequency and percentage of answers for each answer category of the solution; i) The score for each answer category of the solution; j) Calculate the comprehensive score of the solution according to 6.2.4.3. 6. 2.7 Determine the solution for object comprehension
Use the comprehensive score to determine the most comprehensible solution. The solution with the highest comprehensive score is the most comprehensible solution. If the comprehensive score of a solution is higher than the acceptable score of the comprehension test, then the solution can be used as the standard graphic symbol for the object.
When the comprehensive scores of two solutions are higher than the acceptable score of the comprehension test and have the same comprehensive scores, select a solution that is not easily mixed with the current graphic symbol.
If the comprehensive scores of all solutions are lower than the acceptable score of the comprehension test, design a new solution and repeat the test procedure. 7 Tests using computer screen display
7.1 Comprehensibility evaluation test
7.1.1 Preparation of test materials
7.1.1. 1 In the test using computer screen display, "page" means different layouts of the computer. The test pages of graphic symbols should follow the same requirements and be made uniformly. The screen size should be at least 3.8 cm (15 inches) and the minimum resolution should be 800 pixels × 600 pixels. The requirements for screen size and resolution are to ensure that the graphic symbol image is displayed without distortion and that a sufficient number of graphic symbol schemes can be displayed simultaneously. If the displayed graphic symbol image is jagged or deformed, the symbol image and graphic image cannot be displayed correctly. In this case, anti-aliasing methods or methods to increase the screen resolution should be used to improve the quality of the graphic. The image display of the scheme should be displayed in a separate area divided by a square frame with a white background. If the symbol is in a safe shape (such as a triangle and a circle), it is allowed to be displayed in the corresponding shape area. Regardless of whether the scheme is presented in color, the text should usually be set to black and white mode. Color should only be used when the color has a special meaning. At this time, there should be enough contrast between the graphic and the background to ensure that the scheme is easy to recognize and the color meets the relevant regulations of CIE (International Illumination Commission) (see GB/T8416). 7. 1.1.2 Prepare an information page for each object. The information page should state: Object name!
Object function;
Application area
-Exclusion function (if any).
Details listed in Appendix A: and include the selected information. 7
GB/T 16903.2-—2008
7.1.1.3 Prepare a test page for each object. A maximum of 12 graphic symbols should be displayed on the test page. The size of the graphic symbols should be large enough to ensure that all details are easy to recognize. The test page should be separated from the information page. The border of the graphic symbol should be 20×(1±5%)mm+at least pixels. Each scheme should be arranged in a circle with the center of the screen as the center and the radius of 2000 as equal spacing (white background). If necessary (when there are 11 or 12 solutions), the circle can be adjusted to an ellipse to better display the symbol solution. The minor axis of the inset circle is 160 m. In the middle of the auxiliary test page, the content of the information page is repeated, that is, the object name, object function, application domain and exclusion function (if any). A rectangular data input area should be set under each solution. A horizontal line should be set at the bottom of the input area, and a "%\" sign should be set at the right end of the input area. The cursor should be placed in the input area before the "%\" sign to type the answer. When an auxiliary area is selected, there should be feedback to help identify the selected input area and the corresponding solution (that is, display these requirements in detail). 7.1.1.4 There should be an instruction page and an information page before the test page. The contents of the instruction page and the information page are all for the same object. The instruction page should explain the object name and guide the subject to read the next page of information page carefully (the information page describes the object again and points out the exclusion function). The information page describes the object function and application domain in detail. If there is an exclusion function (see A 1), the exclusion function should be listed on the information page. There should be "Next Page" and "Previous Page" buttons on both sides so that the subjects can switch between the two pages using the cursor keys or wind vane. 7.1.1.5 The workstation layout, visual display terminal and keyboard should be in the position recommended by ISO9241-3, ISO9241-4, ISO9241-5 and ISO9241-12.
7.1.1.6 For each subject, the graphic symbol scheme is displayed on the screen in a different random order. During the test, the subject can obtain a paper version of the screen information. 7. 1.2 Subjects
Select subjects according to 6.1.2.
7.1.3 Subjects' tasks in the comprehensibility evaluation test Before displaying the special instruction page for reading, explain to subjects how to move the cursor and switch between different pages to confirm that subjects are familiar with the relevant computer operations.
Before the test begins to score, the tester should browse all the options on the test page and guide the tester to evaluate the comprehensibility of each option according to the following instructions: 1 "Assuming that the meaning expressed by each symbol is
(fill in the expected meaning on the horizontal line), what percentage of people do you think can understand the meaning? Move the cursor to the "%\ before entering the percentage you think" under each symbol. 7.1.4 Analysis of the results of the comprehensibility evaluation test The data entered by the subjects on the test page should be processed according to the method in 6.1.4. 7.1.5 Representation of results
Represent the test results according to 6.1.5.
7.1.6 Comprehensive visual test results
Comprehensive test results in accordance with 6.1.6.
7.1.7 Determine the average value obtained by the evaluated party in the process of understanding 7.1.6, and determine the solution for measuring understanding in accordance with 6.1.7. 7.1.8 Selection of solution for understanding test
Select the solution for understanding test in accordance with 6.1.7. 7.2 Understanding test
7.2.1 Preparation of test materials
7.2.1.1 The instructions on display mode and display quality defined in 7.1.1.1 also apply to the understanding test. Prepare a series of test pages, each of which should display a solution of graphic symbols to be tested. The graphic symbol should be placed in the center of the test page. The size of the graphic symbol should be at least 40mm×40mm. In the comprehension test, it is very important to inform the subjects in the environment where the symbol may appear (such as "in the airport", "on the wall of a public building") in words or graphics. These instructions should be displayed next to the graphic symbol on each test page.Include the following information: a) Test time, b) Name of the object; e) Function of the object; Application area: Number of subjects in each age group, gender, education level, occupation and physical fitness (if relevant) of the subjects; e) Academic qualifications or occupations of the three judges who classified the answers; The scheme for the test and a brief summary of its version; h) Source of the scheme; i) Number of answers for the scheme (i.e. sample size), response rate for each answer category; Score for each answer category! 1) The overall score of the scheme is calculated according to 6.2.4.3: 8 GB/T 16903.2—2008 m) List the 5 answers with the highest number of appearances for each scheme, and list the answer and the corresponding number of subjects in Table 1 n) Relevant information provided when the scheme is tested. 6.2.6 Comprehensive test results
Collect all test data from the comprehension test. For each program, calculate the total number of answers for each answer category and convert it into a percentage. For all subjects, enter the percentage into the "score" column in 5.2.4.3. All comprehension test data for each subject are entered into a table (see C.3). The table should include the following information: Name of the subject;
b) Number of subjects:
Number of subjects in each age group, subject gender, education level, occupation and physical fitness (if relevant); d) Other information provided during the program test; e)
The program for which the test was conducted, including identification code and color description;
The source of the program;
The number of answers for the program (i.e., sample size); h) The actual total frequency and percentage of answers for each answer category of the program; i) The score for each answer category of the program;
j) Calculate the comprehensive score of the program according to 6.2.4.3. 6. 2.7 Determine the solution for object comprehension
Use the comprehensive score to determine the most comprehensible solution. The solution with the highest comprehensive score is the most comprehensible solution. If the comprehensive score of a solution is higher than the acceptable score of the comprehension test, then the solution can be used as the standard graphic symbol for the object.
When the comprehensive scores of two solutions are higher than the acceptable score of the comprehension test and have the same comprehensive scores, select a solution that is not easily mixed with the current graphic symbol.
If the comprehensive scores of all solutions are lower than the acceptable score of the comprehension test, design a new solution and repeat the test procedure. 7 Tests using computer screen display
7.1 Comprehensibility evaluation test
7.1.1 Preparation of test materials
7.1.1. 1 In the test using computer screen display, "page" means different layouts of the computer. The test pages of graphic symbols should follow the same requirements and be made uniformly. The screen size should be at least 3.8 cm (15 inches) and the minimum resolution should be 800 pixels × 600 pixels. The requirements for screen size and resolution are to ensure that the graphic symbol image is displayed without distortion and that a sufficient number of graphic symbol schemes can be displayed simultaneously. If the displayed graphic symbol image is jagged or deformed, the symbol image and graphic image cannot be displayed correctly. In this case, anti-aliasing methods or methods to increase the screen resolution should be used to improve the quality of the graphic. The image display of the scheme should be displayed in a separate area divided by a square frame with a white background. If the symbol is in a safe shape (such as a triangle and a circle), it is allowed to be displayed in the corresponding shape area. Regardless of whether the scheme is presented in color, the text should usually be set to black and white mode. Color should only be used when the color has a special meaning. At this time, there should be enough contrast between the graphic and the background to ensure that the scheme is easy to recognize and the color meets the relevant regulations of CIE (International Illumination Commission) (see GB/T8416). 7. 1.1.2 Prepare an information page for each object. The information page should state: Object name!
Object function;
Application area
-Exclusion function (if any).
Details listed in Appendix A: and include the selected information. 7
GB/T 16903.2-—2008
7.1.1.3 Prepare a test page for each object. A maximum of 12 graphic symbols should be displayed on the test page. The size of the graphic symbols should be large enough to ensure that all details are easy to recognize. The test page should be separated from the information page. The border of the graphic symbol should be 20×(1±5%)mm+at least pixels. Each scheme should be arranged in a circle with the center of the screen as the center and the radius of 2000 as equal spacing (white background). If necessary (when there are 11 or 12 solutions), the circle can be adjusted to an ellipse to better display the symbol solution. The minor axis of the inset circle is 160 m. In the middle of the auxiliary test page, the content of the information page is repeated, that is, the object name, object function, application domain and exclusion function (if any). A rectangular data input area should be set under each solution. A horizontal line should be set at the bottom of the input area, and a "%\" sign should be set at the right end of the input area. The cursor should be placed in the input area before the "%\" sign to type the answer. When an auxiliary area is selected, there should be feedback to help identify the selected input area and the corresponding solution (that is, display these requirements in detail). 7.1.1.4 There should be an instruction page and an information page before the test page. The contents of the instruction page and the information page are all for the same object. The instruction page should explain the object name and guide the subject to read the next page of information page carefully (the information page describes the object again and points out the exclusion function). The information page describes the object function and application domain in detail. If there is an exclusion function (see A 1), the exclusion function should be listed on the information page. There should be "Next Page" and "Previous Page" buttons on both sides so that the subjects can switch between the two pages using the cursor keys or wind vane. 7.1.1.5 The workstation layout, visual display terminal and keyboard should be in the position recommended by ISO9241-3, ISO9241-4, ISO9241-5 and ISO9241-12.
7.1.1.6 For each subject, the graphic symbol scheme is displayed on the screen in a different random order. During the test, the subject can obtain a paper version of the screen information. 7. 1.2 Subjects
Select subjects according to 6.1.2.
7.1.3 Subjects' tasks in the comprehensibility evaluation test Before displaying the special instruction page for reading, explain to subjects how to move the cursor and switch between different pages to confirm that subjects are familiar with the relevant computer operations.
Before the test begins to score, the tester should browse all the options on the test page and guide the tester to evaluate the comprehensibility of each option according to the following instructions: 1 "Assuming that the meaning expressed by each symbol is
(fill in the expected meaning on the horizontal line), what percentage of people do you think can understand the meaning? Move the cursor to the "%\ before entering the percentage you think" under each symbol. 7.1.4 Analysis of the results of the comprehensibility evaluation test The data entered by the subjects on the test page should be processed according to the method in 6.1.4. 7.1.5 Representation of results
Represent the test results according to 6.1.5.
7.1.6 Comprehensive visual test results
Comprehensive test results in accordance with 6.1.6.
7.1.7 Determine the average value obtained by the evaluated party in the process of understanding 7.1.6, and determine the solution for measuring understanding in accordance with 6.1.7. 7.1.8 Selection of solution for understanding test
Select the solution for understanding test in accordance with 6.1.7. 7.2 Understanding test
7.2.1 Preparation of test materials
7.2.1.1 The instructions on display mode and display quality defined in 7.1.1.1 also apply to the understanding test. Prepare a series of test pages, each of which should display a solution of graphic symbols to be tested. The graphic symbol should be placed in the center of the test page. The size of the graphic symbol should be at least 40mm×40mm. In the comprehension test, it is very important to inform the subjects in the environment where the symbol may appear (such as "in the airport", "on the wall of a public building") in words or graphics. These instructions should be displayed next to the graphic symbol on each test page.Include the following information: a) Test time, b) Name of the object; e) Function of the object; Application area: Number of subjects in each age group, gender, education level, occupation and physical fitness (if relevant) of the subjects; e) Academic qualifications or occupations of the three judges who classified the answers; The scheme for the test and a brief summary of its version; h) Source of the scheme; i) Number of answers for the scheme (i.e. sample size), response rate for each answer category; Score for each answer category! 1) The overall score of the scheme is calculated according to 6.2.4.3: 8 GB/T 16903.2—2008 m) List the 5 answers with the highest number of appearances for each scheme, and list the answer and the corresponding number of subjects in Table 1 n) Relevant information provided when the scheme is tested. 6.2.6 Comprehensive test results
Collect all test data from the comprehension test. For each program, calculate the total number of answers for each answer category and convert it into a percentage. For all subjects, enter the percentage into the "score" column in 5.2.4.3. All comprehension test data for each subject are entered into a table (see C.3). The table should include the following information: Name of the subject;
b) Number of subjects:
Number of subjects in each age group, subject gender, education level, occupation and physical fitness (if relevant); d) Other information provided during the program test; e)
The program for which the test was conducted, including identification code and color description;
The source of the
Tip: This standard content only shows part of the intercepted content of the complete standard. If you need the complete standard, please go to the top to download the complete standard document for free.