Some standard content:
ICS67.080.10
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB19051—2003
Product of designations of origin or geographical indication--Nanfeng orange
Issued on 2003-03-28
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
Implemented on 2003-09-01
GB19051—2003
This standard is a mandatory standard in its entirety.
This standard is formulated in accordance with the Provisions on the Protection of Products of Origin and GB17924-1999 General Requirements for Products of Origin. Appendix A of this standard is a normative appendix.
This standard is proposed by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Working Group for Products of Origin. The drafting units of this standard are: Jiangxi Provincial Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau, Jiangxi Fuzhou Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau, Jiangxi Nanfeng County Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau, Jiangxi Nanfeng Citrus Research Institute, Jiangxi Fuzhou Nanfeng Citrus Technology Promotion Center. The main drafters of this standard are: Tu Jian, Wang Zeyi, Li Yuejin, Wang Jianping. 230
1 Scope
Products of Origin
1 Nanfeng Mandarin
GB19051—2003
This standard specifies the scope of origin protection, terms and definitions, requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marking, packaging, transportation and storage of Nanfeng Mandarin.
This standard applies to Nanfeng Mandarin that is approved for protection by the national quality supervision, inspection and quarantine administrative department in accordance with the "Regulations on the Protection of Products of Origin".
2 Normative References
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For all referenced documents with dates, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, parties that reach an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For all referenced documents without dates, the latest versions are applicable to this standard. GB/T8210 Inspection method for dried fresh citrus fruits for export GB/T8855 Sampling method for fresh fruits and vegetables (GB/T8855-1988, eqvISO874:1980) GB/T10547 Storage of citrus
GB/T12947-1991 Fresh citrus
GB/T13607 Packaging of apples and citrus
NY5014-2001 Citrus, pollution-free food
NY/T5015 Technical regulations for the production of pollution-free food citrus 3 Scope of protection of geographical origin
This standard applies to the scope approved by the national quality supervision, inspection and quarantine administrative department in accordance with the "Regulations on the Protection of Products from the Region of Origin", see Appendix A.
4 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 4.1
Nanfeng orange
Produced within the protected area of origin. The fruit is oblate, orange or yellow, with thin skin, tender flesh, juicy, sweet and sour, rich aroma, unique flavor, few or no seeds. It is a small fruit variety of wide-skinned citrus. 4.2
Speck
The peel spots caused by healed pests and diseases, physiological diseases, and mechanical injuries, such as: net pattern, rust tick faded spots, etc. 4.3
neighbol grade mixedFruits of two adjacent grades, the degree of mixing is expressed in percentage. 4.4
neighbol grade setlided231
:GB19051—2003
Fruits of non-adjacent grades, the degree of mixing is expressed in percentage. 5 Requirements
5.1 Planting environment
5.1.1 Climate
The annual average temperature is 18.3℃, greater than or equal to 10℃, the annual effective accumulated temperature is above 5500℃, the average temperature of the coldest month is 6.1℃, the extreme low temperature is above -7℃, and the average extreme low temperature over the years is -4.7℃. 5. 1. 2 Soil
Loam, sandy loam, red sandstone, purple mudstone, purple sandstone, Quaternary red clay, river alluvial deposits and other soil parent materials are suitable for Nanfeng mandarin orange planting.
5.2 Fruit tree characteristics
5.2.1 Tree: Evergreen tree, strong tree, natural round crown, main branches open. Adult tree height 3.5m~4.5m, crown diameter 4m~~5m, maximum up to 7.6m.
5.2.2 Branches: Three branches can be produced in a year, which can be divided into spring, summer and autumn branches according to the time of occurrence. Spring branches are produced regularly, with large numbers and short internodes, generally 5cm~10cm long; summer branches are produced irregularly, with thick branches, long internodes and large leaves, generally 20cm~30cm long; autumn branches are between spring and summer branches in length, thickness and leaf size, generally about 15cm~25cm long. 5.2.3 Leaves: Single compound leaves, small wing leaves and short petioles. Spring leaves are narrow and oval, with shallow serrations on the margins, small leaves, averaging 5.6cm long, 2.7cm wide, and 0.025cm thick; summer leaves are broadly oval, with obvious ripples on the margins, blunt skin ends, and relatively wide leaves, averaging 7.8cm long, 4.3cm wide, and 0.033cm thick. The shape and size of autumn leaves are between spring and summer leaves, averaging 5.8cm long, 3.4cm wide, and 0.030cm thick. 5.2.4 Flowers: Solitary, complete flowers, small in shape and with strong fragrance. The buds are oblong, with a horizontal flower diameter of 2.2cm to 2.5cm, the flower vase is dark green, 5-6-lobed, and with oil glands. There are 5 to 6 petals, milky white, and tongue-shaped. There are about 20 stamens, with filaments of different lengths, and the lower part is glued into 4 to 5 groups. The stigma is oblate, with mucus, and is the same height as the filaments. 5.2.5 Fruit: The fruit is oblate, orange-yellow or yellow, with a horizontal diameter of 30mm to 50mm, and is a small fruit. The top of the fruit is flat and slightly concave, and the base of the top of the fruit is also slightly concave, often with 4 to 6 radial grooves. The fruit surface is smooth and shiny, with small and dense oil cells, generally smooth or slightly convex. The peel is extremely thin, with fine and dense tissue, about 0.15cm thick, soft and tough, and easy to separate from the flesh. There are 9 to 12 sac petals, which are crescent-shaped. The central column is small, empty or half empty. The juice cells are spindle-shaped, orange-yellow, crisp and tender, with a lot of juice, rich and sweet taste, and aroma. There are few or no seeds. 5.2.6 Phenological period: Spring buds sprout in early March, flowers begin to bloom in early and mid-April, and flowers bloom in mid-to-late April. The fruit matures in early November (the early Nanfeng mandarin orange matures in mid-to-late October).
5.2.7 Resistance to stress: Strong resistance to stress, easy to be infected with ulcer disease, strong resistance to ulcer disease, and physiological fruit cracking phenomenon. 5.3 Seedling breeding
5.3.1 Brick wood seedling cultivation
5.3.1.1 Seed collection and sowing: Select excellent Ji Ke rootstock, collect seeds from late September to early October, sow in winter in early and mid-December, or spring sowing from late February to early March of the following year, or collect tender seeds from late June to July and sow in time. 5.3.1.2 Nursery management: From March to April, transplant and cut when the height of Ji Ke is about 10cm, with a row spacing of 15cm and a plant spacing of 6cm. Timely inter-cultivation and weeding, frequent and thin topdressing, and timely prevention and control of diseases and pests. 5.3.1.3 Grafting: All spring, summer and autumn shoots with full growth and development can be used as scions. The scion should be collected from adult mother trees with good quality, good high-yield performance, and no quarantine pests and diseases. Grafting methods include cut grafting, bud grafting, belly grafting, etc. 5.3.2 Grafted seedling cultivation
Remove the film in time, cut the rootstock, remove the sprouts, apply thin topdressing fertilizer frequently, and carry out pest and disease control in time. Shape in the nursery, pinch the top when the spring shoots exceed 15cm, promote the growth of summer shoots, cut the top when the seedling height is 40cm~45cm to promote branching, select 3~4 strong shoots in different directions above 25cm from the ground as main branches, and remove all the others.
5.3.3 Seedlings out of the nursery
Grafted seedlings are out of the nursery when they meet the requirements of Table 1.
Seedling height/cm
greater than or equal to
5.4 Planting technology
5.4.1 Planting
Seedling diameter (3 cm above the grafting point)/
greater than or equal to
Table 1 Seedling specifications
Number of branches (seedling
25 cm above the height)/piece
greater than or equal to
Trunk root length/branch length/
greater than or equal to
greater than or equal to
GB19051——2003
Number of lateral roots/
greater than or equal to
relatively developed
Choose a soil layer of more than 1m deep, fertile and loose, with a groundwater level below 1m, strong water and fertilizer retention capacity, and pH 5.5-6.5. Near water source, convenient transportation, and planted in gardens with loam, clay loam, and sandy loam. The planting time is from late February to mid-March for spring planting and early and mid-October for autumn planting. The planting density is (3m~4m)X (4.5m~5m), and 33 to 50 plants are planted per mu. Planned dense planting and wide row dense planting can also be implemented.
5.4.2 Shaping and pruningbzxZ.net
Usually, natural round head shape and natural open heart shape are adopted. Pruning is based on the principle of solving ventilation and light transmission and regulating the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the tree. Use pruning methods such as bud removal, pinching, pulling branches, twisting tips, short cutting, retraction, and thinning branches to make the crown branches and tips sparse and orderly, forming a good crown structure with high and stable yields. The pruning period is divided into dormant pruning and growing pruning. 5.4.3 Soil, fertilizer and water management
Summer green manure and winter green manure are planted in young orange orchards. If intercropping is planted in an orange orchard, the straw must be returned to the orchard. Deep plowing and hole enlargement are carried out from late August to mid-November to improve the soil.
Topdressing of young trees is carried out from late February to early August to promote the emergence of spring, summer and autumn shoots, so that the crown is formed quickly. Topdressing of fruiting trees is carried out four times a year. Spring fertilizer is applied before the spring shoots sprout, and the amount of fertilizer applied accounts for 15% to 20% of the annual fertilizer. Summer fertilizer is applied in mid-to-late May, and the amount of fertilizer applied accounts for 10% to 15%. Autumn fertilizer is applied before the autumn shoots sprout in mid-July, and the amount of fertilizer applied accounts for about 40%. Winter fertilizer is applied before and after fruit harvesting in early and mid-November, and the amount of fertilizer applied accounts for 30% to 35%. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for young trees is about 1:0.5:.0.5, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for adult trees is about 1:0.6:0.8. Boron, zinc, molybdenum and other trace elements should be applied to the foliar fertilizer during the flowering and young fruiting period. Drain water in time during the rainy season, cover the tree tray and irrigate in time during the dry season, and control water appropriately during the fruit ripening period. 5.4.4 Disease and Pest Control
Disease and pest control should take the principle of prevention first and comprehensive control, and reasonably adopt the comprehensive application of agricultural, biological, physical and chemical control methods. Focus on the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests such as scab, anthracnose, red spider, rust tick, scale insect, leaf miner, citrus aphid, etc. It is necessary to master the spraying time, use the medicine scientifically and rationally, and treat early, small and complete. The pesticide use guidelines shall be implemented in accordance with NY/T 5015. Chemical pesticides shall be prohibited 30 days before picking. 5.4.5 Prevention of frost damage
New orange orchards should create shelter forests. For orange orchards without shelterbelts, shelterbelts should be planted, or temporary windbreaks should be added at the wind outlet and northwest in winter. Before winter, the trunks should be whitewashed, covered with grass, and soiled. Small trees should be built with triangular sheds, and medium-sized trees should be covered and protected with branches and tree trays. At the same time, water should be irrigated before freezing and foliar evaporation and heat preservation agents should be sprayed. According to the weather forecast, smoke should be used to prevent freezing before the freezing, ice and snow should be shaken off after snow, and post-freeze care should be done. 5.5 Specifications
There are two packaging grade specifications according to the size of the fruit, that is, the fruit with a horizontal diameter of 30mm to 50mm is divided into two specifications, S and L. Fruits larger than 50mm and fruits smaller than 30mm are treated with a lower quality grade. When packing, the fruit size cannot exceed 10mm and cannot be mixed.
GB 19051—2003
Fruit specifications
Fruit transverse diameter d/mm
Table 2 Fruit specifications
30≤d<40
Each specification is divided into three grades according to quality level: superior fruit, first-grade fruit and second-grade fruit. 5.6 Quality level
5.6.1 Grading
Divided into superior fruit, first-grade fruit and second-grade fruit. Fruits of each grade are required to be complete and fresh, with clean fruit surface and pure flavor, see Table 3. Table 3 Quality level
Superior fruit
First-grade fruit
Second-grade fruit
The fruit is uniform, with a regular shape and smooth fruit surface. The fruit is highly colored, with a solid content of more than 11.5%, pure flavor, sweet and delicious, and the largest scab shall not exceed 3 mm. The total number of spots and scars shall not exceed 3% of the total area of the peel. There shall be no bruises or other injuries. The number of slightly blighted fruits at the destination shall not exceed 1%.
The fruits shall be uniform, well-shaped, smooth, well-colored, with a solid content of more than 11.0%, pure flavor, sweet and delicious, and the largest scab shall not exceed 4 mm. The total number of scabs shall not exceed 5% of the total area of the peel. No mechanical damage or other injuries shall be allowed. The number of blighted fruits at the destination shall not exceed 3%.
The fruits shall be uniform, well-shaped, smooth, basically colored, with a solid content of more than 10.5%, pure flavor, sweet and delicious, and the largest scab shall not exceed 5 mm. The total number of scabs shall not exceed 10% of the total area of the peel. No serious mechanical damage or other injuries shall be allowed. The number of blighted fruits at the destination shall not exceed 5%.
5.6.2 Tolerance
Considering the differences between grades, the allowable differences shall be limited to the following ranges. 5.6.2.1 Grade Difference
The number of mixed-grade fruits shall not exceed 10%, and the number of missed-grade fruits shall not be allowed. 5.6.2.2 Rotten fruit
Superior and first grade requirements: no rotten fruit allowed at the origin, no more than 3% at the destination, and no more than 1% seriously damaged. Second grade requirements: no more than 1% at the origin, and no more than 5% at the destination.
5.7 Sensory characteristics
The fruit is oblate, orange-yellow or yellow, with a flat round and slightly concave top, a horizontal diameter of 30mm to 50mm, a strong fragrance of the peel, a thin skin, few or no seeds, sweet and sour taste, and tender flesh.
5.8 Physical and chemical indicators
Physical and chemical indicators shall meet the requirements of Table 4.
Physical and chemical indicators
Edible rate/(%)
Soluble solids/(%)
Total acid (calculated as citric acid)/(%)
5.9 Hygiene indicators
Hygiene indicators shall meet the relevant provisions of 4.5 of GB/T12947-1991. 6 Test methods
6.1 Sampling method
According to the relevant provisions of GB/T8855.
6.2 Fruit specifications
GB19051—2003
Use a grading board for inspection. The holes of the grading board are made according to the specifications listed in this standard, and the diameters of the holes are 3.0cm, 44.0cm, and 5.0cm respectively.
6.3 Sensory characteristics
Put the samples in a clean porcelain plate, observe the shape, color, gloss and uniformity of the samples with the naked eye under natural light, and taste them.
6.4 Quality grade
Inspect each one according to the grading conditions, and separate them according to the grade. After the inspection, count the number of fruits of each grade, calculate the percentage of each grade, and classify them according to the grading principle.
6.5 Physical and chemical indicators
6.5.1 Edible rate
According to the provisions of GB/T8210.
6.5.2 Soluble solids
According to the provisions of GB/T8210.
6.5.3 Total acid
According to the provisions of GB/T8210.
6.6 Hygiene indicators
According to the provisions of 5.3 of GB/T12947--1991. 6.7 Inspection period
Inspection within 24 hours after the goods arrive at the production station, and within 48 hours after the goods arrive at the destination. 7 Inspection rules
7.1 Batch rules
Nanfeng mandarin oranges of the same unit, the same variety, the same grade, the same packaging and the same storage conditions are regarded as individual inspection batches. 7.2 Sampling method
According to GB/T8855.
7.3 Factory inspection
Each batch of products shall be inspected and qualified by the quality inspection department of the manufacturer and accompanied by a certificate of conformity before they can be shipped out of the factory. The contents of the factory inspection include sensory, net content, packaging and marking, etc.
7.4 Type inspection
Type inspection items are all items specified in Chapter 5. Type inspection shall be carried out in any of the following circumstances: a) The difference between the results of the two sampling inspections before and after is large; b) The production environment has changed significantly due to human or natural factors; When the national quality supervision agency puts forward type inspection requirements. c)
7.5 Judgment rules
7.5.1 The total percentage of unqualified products for sensory requirements shall not exceed 7%, and the physical and chemical indicators and hygiene indicators are all qualified. 7.5.2 If the percentage of total unqualified products for sensory requirements exceeds 7%, or one of the physical and chemical indicators or hygiene indicators is unqualified, or the marking is unqualified, the batch of products shall be judged as unqualified.
7.5.3 For those who fail the packaging and defective fruit tolerance inspection, the production unit is allowed to apply for re-inspection after rectification. 8 Marking, packaging, transportation and storage
8.1 Marking
The outer packaging shall indicate the product name (Nanfeng mandarin orange), origin, fruit specifications (S, L), fruit grade (superior, grade, grade II), net weight (kg), packing date, origin product mark, implementation standard number, handle with care, sun and rain protection warning, etc. 8.2 Packaging
Follow the relevant provisions of GB/T13607.
8.3 Transportation
8.3.1 Transportation tools
Transportation tools should be clean, dry and free of odor. 8.3.2 Stacking
Follow the relevant provisions of 8.1.1 in NY5014-2001. Loading, unloading and stacking must be done properly during transportation. In a ventilated, sun-proof and rain-proof facility, it is best to stack in a herringbone shape, and the stacking should not be too high, and a good ventilation duct should be maintained. 8.4 Purchase and storage
Storage at room temperature should follow the provisions of GB/T10547. 236
City Party Committee and Government Location
?Village and Town Location
Protection Range of Origin City
Village and Town Range
Appendix A
(Normative Appendix)
Map of the Protection Range of Origin of Nanfeng Mandarin Oranges
?Qiawan
Note: The origin range of Nanfeng Mandarin Oranges is limited to the current administrative area of Nanfeng County. Taihe
GB19051—2003
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