Standard number: MZ/T 128-2019 Standard name: Transformation guidelines of geographical names from foreign languages ​​into Chinese: Pushtr Standard format: PDF Release time: 2019-04-30 Implementation time: 2019-04-30 Standard size: 828K Standard introduction: This guideline stipulates the rules for the translation of Pushto place names into Chinese characters. This guideline is applicable to the translation of Pushto place names into Chinese characters 2 Normative reference documents The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For all referenced documents with dates, only the versions with the dates noted are applicable to this article document. For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document. GB/T 17693.1-2008 Guidelines for the Chinese Translation of Foreign Place Names English 3 Terms and definitions The terms and definitions determined in GB/T 17693.1-2008 apply to this part. For ease of use, some terms and definitions in GB/T 17693.1-2008 are repeated below. Geographical names The proper names given to various geographical entities [GBT 176931-2008, Definition 2.1] Specific terms Words used to distinguish various geographical entities in geographical names [GBT 176931-2008, Definition 22] Generic terms Terms used to distinguish the categories of geographical entities in geographical names [GBT176931-2008, definition 2.3 General names converted into proper names GBT176931-2008, definition 24]
This guideline specifies the rules for the Chinese translation of Pushto geographical names. This guideline applies to the Chinese translation of Pushto geographical names.

ICS01.040.03
Civil Affairs Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
MZ/T128—2019
Transformation guidelines of geographical namesfrom foreign languages ​​into Chinese: Pushtu Industry Standard Information Service Platform
Release on 2019-04-30
Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People's Republic of China
Implemented on 2019-04-30
Normative Reference Documents
Terms and Definitions
Appendix A (Normative Appendix)
Appendix B (Normative Appendix)
Appendix C (Normative Appendix)
Appendix D (Informative Appendix)
List of Commonly Used Modifiers in Pushto Place Names, List of Commonly Used Personal Names in Pushto Place Names
List of Commonly Used Words and Common Names in Pushto Place Names. Transliteration Comparison Table of Pushto Letters and Roman Letters MZ/T1282019
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This standard is proposed by the Division of Regional Division and Place Names of the Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Place Names (SAC/TC233). This standard was drafted by: Division of Regional Division and Place Names of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, Unit 61363. MZ/T1282019
Main drafters of this standard: Chen Xin, Xiang Zhujun, Luo Xuyang, Fu Haojun, Yang Fan, Liu Baosheng, Wang Xu, Li Xiao, Huang Yunxiang, Song HuaIndustry Standard Information Service Platform
1 Scope
Guidelines for the Chinese translation of foreign place names Pushto This guideline specifies the rules for the Chinese translation of Pushto place names. This guideline applies to the translation of Pushto place names into Chinese characters. Normative references
MZ/T128—2019
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For all dated references, only the version with the date is applicable to this document. For all undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) is applicable to this document. GB/T17693.1-2008 Guidelines for the Chinese translation of foreign place names English terms and definitions
The terms and definitions determined in GB/T17693.1-2008 apply to this part. For ease of use, some terms and definitions in GB/T17693.1-2008 are repeated below. 3.1
Geographical names
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The proper names given to various geographical entities. [GB/T17693.1-2008, Definition 2.1]
Geographical names specific terns
[GB/T17693.1-2008, Definition 2.2]
Geographical names generic terms
The words used in place names to distinguish the categories of geographical entities. [GB/T17693.1-2008, definition 2.3]
Generic terms used as specific terms are natural geographical names that are transformed into specific terms. [GB/T17693.1-2008, definition 2.4]
MZ/T128—2019
Transformation of geographical names from foreign languages ​​into Chinese characters are the writing of geographical names in other languages.
[GB/T17693.1-2008, definition 2.5]
4 General Principles
4.1 Specific names of places should be transliterated.
4.2 Generic names of places should be translated.
4.3 The Chinese characters used for translation and the place names named after common names are still used, and the place names derived from them are translated with the same name, and the place names commonly used by Chinese people with high popularity are still used.
4.4 In principle, the translation of place names shall adopt the standard place names in the country's latest published maps, place name directories, place name dictionaries, place name records and other documents. 4.5 The Chinese characters used for translating Pushto place names shall be based on the "Pushto Chinese Transliteration Table" (see Table 1). Industry Standard Information Service Platform
MZ/T128—2019
Table 1 Pashto Chinese Transliteration Table
(Na)
(Ma)
(Ti)
Dai/De
Hei/Hai
Tai/Te
(Nan)
(Nan)
When the consonant is pronounced alone, the vowel zero row in
is translated into Chinese characters;
Chinese characters such as "Ni" are used
"Na"
"Ma"
Use Table 1
When the vowel forms a syllable by itself, the Chinese character at the intersection of the vertical row of the consonant and the horizontal row of the vowel is the transliterated Chinese character of the consonant and vowel spelling. Note 3:
Note 1: The pronunciation of Chinese characters shall be based on the pronunciation of Mandarin. Note 2: The writing of Chinese characters shall be based on the general standard Chinese characters announced by the National Language and Writing Committee. "雅
" is translated. Note 5:
Use "亥
" When "海" appears at the end of a place name,
"锡" is translated;
"Use "楠"
"西" appears at the beginning of a place name,
"南"
should be translated with the homophone of the syllable.
If the Chinese character translation produces a phenomenon of literal interpretation, Note 4:
Use the consonant zero-row Chinese characters in Table 1 to translate.
"夫" is used in the middle and end of the translated name
"弗" is used at the beginning of the translated name
For place names named after female names. Note 6: 5 Rules
5.1 Chinese Characters for Place Names
5.1.1 Proper names (including common names converted into proper names) are generally transliterated. 5.1.2 Diphthongs other than those in Table 1 are translated separately. MZ/T128—2019
5.1.3 The vowel combination (ya) and (ya) are both translated as “亚”. When the vowel combination is preceded by a consonant, s (y) and ? (i) should be doubled, (y) is translated as (i), and the following (i) is translated as s (y). The vowel lo (i) should be treated as (y). 5.1.4
(au) and (n) after l (ai) are translated as “恩” separately. 5.1.5 If two identical consonants appear in a place name, they are translated as one (except (nn) and (mm)). If two identical vowels appear in a place name, they are translated as one. 5.1.6
z（h）is not transliterated when it is at the end of a word.
5.1.8 The conjunctions s（i）, (）are pronounced as (2). If there is a consonant before it, the consonant is spelled with it. If there is a vowel before it, s（i）, O（a）are pronounced separately and translated as “ye”. 5.1.9 Treatment of the symbol "和":
The symbol " is generally not translated in transliteration.
The symbol, if between two vowels, the two vowels are translated separately. b)
5.1.10J(1) is translated as "勒" when pronounced alone at the beginning of a word. 5.1.11 The (g) in the letter combination Sil (ang), Si (a:ng), o (ang),, (ong) is pronounced alone; if (g) is followed by a vowel, (g) is spelled together with the vowel.
5.1.12 The l (abad) and sl (abad) after a person's name are translated separately. 3 When (m) is before _ (b) or one (p), it is treated as (n). 5.1.13
The modifiers in proper nouns (such as those indicating direction, size, etc.) are translated in a free way (see Appendix A) 5.1.14
When a place name is composed of a person's name and exists independently, it is translated according to the fixed translation method of the name table (see Appendix B). See Table 2 for examples of the Chinese translation of place names. Table 2 Examples of the translation of place names and proper nouns
Bliayl
Pashto
Peghoi
Romanization
Jar-al gha
AbduJar
Oimatan
Syahbota
Mianjoi
Peghoi
Jamaraja
AbduJar
Doab
Voimattan
Syahbota
Mianjoi
Cel cnaa
alae as
Cilsles
gi sils
stia ya | | tt | Mah-i-Naw
Darya-e-Pamer
Sarak-i-Mamay
Za\faran
Khwajaza'id
Lwargay
Sangcarak
Nang Abad
MalangAb
Samangan
Muhammadabad
Sayedabad
QoleGumbad
Sara Khak Bala
Sara Khak Sharg
Qizilayaq Kalan
Sabed
Samsuddin
MZ/T128—2019
Chah Mohammad
Karaye Mohraman
Shahram Kalai
Payandahune
Woldobora
Daryaye Pamer
Sarakai Mamai
Zaffaran
Hwafi Zaid
Lwalga
Sanghcharak
Nangabad
Malang River
Samangan
Mohammad Abad
Sayed Abad
Koregunbad
Upper Sarahak
East Sarahak
Great Kizilayak
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Bahadurzi
Bahadurzi
sscisl
Chinese translation of common place names
5.2.1 General translation of common names (see Appendix C) 5.2.2
Haji-Faiz-Muhammad
Needs to be annotated according to the type of geographical entity
If there is no common name in the place name,
The Chinese translation examples of the common names of place names are shown in Table 3. Table 3
Examples of translation of common place names
Pashto
Romanization
BarBulaq
Sela-i-Sabzab
Yakhpust
Abdul
Haji Faiz Muhammad
Bar Spring
Shabzab River
Yakhpust Mountain
Uwi, a
Pashto
Appendix A
(Normative Appendix)
List of commonly used modifiers in Pashto place names
Table A.1 List of commonly used modifiers in Pashto place names Romanization
buzurg,kalan
khurd, bala
ulya, ulia, uila | arel
Pashto
Appendix B
(Normative Appendix)
List of common names in Pashto place names
Table B.1 List of common names in Pashto place names Transliterated in Roman letters
Abdul,Abdur
Abdullah
Ali,Ali
Bahadur
Isma'il
Hassan
Husayn
Ebrahim
Khan,Khan
Mahmad,Mohammad, Muhammad
Muslem
Rahaman
Abdul
Abdullah
Ahmed
Bahadur
Ismail
Fateh
Hussain
Islam
Irahim
Muhammad
Muslim
Omar
Rahman
Sayed
MZ/T128-2019
Sultan
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Yosuf,Yusuf, Yusef
Yusef
Pashto
Appendix ℃
(Normative Appendix)
List of common words and common names in Pushto place names Table C.1 List of common words and common names in Pushto place names Transliteration in Roman letters
a:b-khaina
ara:kh
arkhai
atodzai
ba:rak
ba:wlai
ba:wrai
ba:zargai
ba:zar
bahr-ul-jaza:ir
bandar-ga:h
bani:r
bistar
tic tara
burjagar
but-kha:na
chakai
chakla
chaprai
chashma
chaukai
chaunai
reservoir, storage tank
small fortress; small castle;
hillside: slope; sloping slope
market, bazaar
village, mountain stronghold
field, field, plain
barracks, barracks
reservoir
small market, small bazaar
market, bazaarbZxz.net
port, harbor
desert, wasteland
lighthouse, beacon
tributary, small island, shoal
tower, tower
small tower, small tower|| tt||temple, temple
well, well
region
small pool, small pond
ford: ferry
spring: source
sentry post, outpost
barracks, barracks
MZ/T128-2019
Pashto
chacharai
chuquri:
ch ura:gh |hai
ghargai
ghar-u-sama
ghundakai
ghundai
ghwanda
goranda
gorhand
gorge, ditch, channel
island, island
pit, pothole
ditching; ditch
river course, gully
slope, foot
(river) mouth:
qaner
yard, house
narrow valley
village, village
watchtower
place, area, region
wasteland, wilderness
the area between two rivers
location, position
forest: wilderness
fountain, fountain
small mountain pass
MZ/T128-2019
peak, ridge; mountain pass, pass
cave, hole: cave: cave, cave in the ground
mountains and plains; mountains and rivers, rivers and mountains
hill, hillock
small hill and hillock
small and medium hillock
river bank, cliff, gnaw wall, drink ground, valley grave, tomb, tomb
valley, valley; depression
valley, valley; depression
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