Some standard content:
Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Water Environmental Monitoring Specification
SL 219—98
Regulation for Water Environmental Monitoring1998-07-20Released
Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China
3Released
1998-09-01Implementation
Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Specification for Water Environment Monitoring
SL219-98
Editor: Yangtze River Basin Water Environment Monitoring CenterApproving Department: Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of ChinaEffective Date: September 1, 1998
Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China
Notice on Approval of Issuance of "Specification for Water Environment Monitoring" SL219-98
Water Science and Technology [1998] No. 290
According to the Ministry's plan for the formulation and revision of technical standards for water resources and hydropower, the "Specification for Water Environment Monitoring" was revised under the auspices of the Ministry's Hydrology Department and with the Yangtze River Basin Water Environment Monitoring Center as the main editor. After review and approval, it is now issued as a water resources industry standard. The name and number of the standard are:
"Water Environment Monitoring Specification" SL219-98 (replacing SD127-84) This standard shall be implemented from September 1, 1998. During the implementation process, all units shall pay attention to summarizing experience. If there are any problems, please inform the Ministry's Hydrology Department, which will be responsible for interpretation. The standard text is published and distributed by China Water Resources and Hydropower Press. July 20, 1998
Monitoring Station Network
General Provisions
600000000
2.2 Principles for the Layout of Water Quality Stations
2.3 Water Environment Monitoring Station Network
3 Surface Water Monitoring·
3.1 Layout of Sampling Sections
3.2 Layout of Sampling Vertical Lines and Sampling Points
3.3 Sampling..
Monitoring Items and Analysis Methods
4 Groundwater Monitoring
4.1 Layout of Sampling Wells
4.2 Sampling.
4.3 Monitoring Items and Analysis Methods
5 Atmospheric Precipitation Monitoring·
5.1 Layout of Sampling Points
5.2 Sampling
SL 219-98; Specifications for water environment monitoring
000000000000e
0000000.00000000
5.3 Monitoring items and analysis methods·
Water sediment monitoring
6.1 Sampling point layout
6.2 Sampling…
6.3 Sample preservation and pretreatment…
Monitoring items and analysis methods…..…
Biological monitoring·
Sampling vertical line (point) layout
Monitoring frequency·
Collection time…
Sample collection and preservation
7.5 Monitoring items and analysis methods.
8 Water pollution monitoring and investigation…
8.1 Monitoring and investigation of sewage outlets into rivers
8.2 Investigation of pollution sources
8.3 Investigation of water pollution accidents
8.4 Dynamic monitoring of water pollution·
Laboratory quality control·
00.000.00000.00
General provisions
SL219-98; Specification for water environment monitoring
Basic work of quality control in the laboratory
Basic experiments of quality control in the laboratory
9.4 Methods and requirements for analytical quality control…
9.5 Quality control between laboratories
10 Data processing and data integration and compilation
10.1 Data recording and processing
Data integration and compilation
3 Data Preservation and requirements
.......
Appendix A Sample forms commonly used in water pollution monitoring and investigation Appendix B Sample forms commonly used in original record forms
Sample forms for monitoring data compilation results and filling instructions (31)www.bzxz.net
SL219-98: Water environment monitoring specifications
The main basis for the revision of the "Water Quality Monitoring Specifications" SD127-84 is the "Regulations on the Preparation of Water Resources and Hydropower Technical Standards" (SL01-97) issued by the Ministry of Water Resources and GB/T1.1-1993 "Guidelines for Standardization Work Unit 1 Rules for the Drafting and Expression of Standards Part 1 Basic Regulations for the Preparation of Standards" issued by the State Bureau of Technical Supervision, as well as the technical standards, procedures, and specifications of the International Organization for Standardization SO and the country related to water environment monitoring.
The "Water Environment Monitoring Specifications" mainly include the following contents: - Principles and methods for the layout of water quality stations (networks) and sampling sections, wells and points; - Main technical contents, requirements and indicators for surface water, groundwater, atmospheric precipitation, water sediments, organisms, water pollution monitoring and investigation, as well as laboratory quality control, data processing and information compilation; - Water environment monitoring sampling, sample preservation, monitoring items and analysis methods. The revisions to SD127-84 mainly include the following aspects: First, the structure of the specification has been greatly adjusted, and it has been renamed "Water Environment Monitoring Specifications", and the scope of application has been expanded: First, the original water quality monitoring has been changed to surface water monitoring, and groundwater, atmospheric precipitation, water body sedimentation, biological monitoring and water pollution monitoring have been newly added, and the corresponding content has been supplemented; First, the original laboratory analysis quality control part has added relevant metrological certification requirements, and proposed quality control allowable error indicators suitable for daily analysis;
First, the original pollution source investigation part has been greatly modified, and the monitoring and investigation of sewage outlets into rivers, water pollution accident investigation and dynamic monitoring of water pollution have been added;
First, the content of data printing and related monitoring management in the original specification has been cancelled. Interpretation unit of this specification: Hydrology Bureau, Ministry of Water Resources Main editor of this specification: Yangtze River Basin Water Environment Monitoring Center Participating units of this specification: Songliao Basin Water Environment Monitoring Center, Environmental Resources Division, Hydrology Bureau, Ministry of Water Resources
Water Quality Experiment and Research Center, Ministry of Water Resources
Anhui Water Environment Monitoring Center
Pearl River Basin Water Environment Monitoring Center
Main drafters of this specification: Weng Lida, Peng Biao, Li Yiting, Li Qingshan, Lu Guang, Zhou Liangwei, Zhang Qingming, Wu Shiliang6
SL219-98: Water Environment Monitoring Specification
1 General Provisions
1.0.1: In accordance with the "Water Law of the People's Republic of China", "Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People's Republic of China", "River Management Regulations of the People's Republic of China" and "Water Quality Management Regulations for Water Abstraction Permits" and other laws and regulations, water administrative departments at all levels are given the responsibility of unified management and protection of water resources. In order to ensure the representativeness, reliability, comparability, systematicness and scientificity of the water environment monitoring results of the water conservancy departments, this specification is specially formulated. 1.0.2 The principles for compiling this specification are: based on a comprehensive summary of the experience of water environment monitoring work, according to the current characteristics and development requirements of water environment monitoring work in the water conservancy department, it not only reflects the advanced nature of technology, but also is practical. Water environment monitoring should actively adopt verified new technologies and methods. 1.0.3 This specification is applicable to the monitoring and investigation of surface water, groundwater, atmospheric precipitation, sewage (waste) entering rivers, as well as the monitoring and investigation of sediments and aquatic organisms in water bodies, but not to marine water bodies. 1.0.4 In water environment monitoring work, in addition to meeting the requirements of this specification, it should also meet the relevant current national standards. 2 Monitoring station network
2.1 General provisions
2.1.1, The water quality station is the basic unit for water environment monitoring sampling and on-site measurement, regular collection and provision of water quality, water quantity and other water environment data, which can be composed of one or more sampling sections or sampling points. According to the purpose and function, water quality stations are divided into basic stations and special stations. 1 Basic stations are stations that provide basic data on water quality and quantity for the development, utilization and protection of water resources, and are planned and set up in a unified manner with hydrological stations, rainfall stations, groundwater level observation stations, etc. Basic stations should remain relatively stable, and their monitoring items and frequency should meet the basic requirements of water environment quality evaluation and water resource development, utilization and protection. 2 Special stations are stations set up to provide services for a specific purpose. The layout of sampling sections (points), monitoring items and frequency, etc. depend on the purpose of the station.
2.1.2 According to the type of water body, water quality stations can be divided into surface water quality stations, groundwater quality stations and atmospheric precipitation quality stations. 2.1.3 Before setting up a water quality station, you should investigate and collect basic information about the region, such as water quality, water quantity, geology, geography, industry, urban planning layout, major pollution sources and sewage outlets into rivers, as well as water conservancy projects and aquatic products, to serve as the basis for setting up representative water quality stations. 2.2 Principles for the layout of water quality stations
2.2.1: Surface water quality stations can be divided into river water quality stations and lake (reservoir) water quality stations. River water quality stations can be divided into source background water quality stations, mainstream water quality stations and tributary water quality stations. 1 Source background water quality stations should be set up in the upstream of each water system, close to the source and unaffected by human activities. 2 Main and tributary water quality stations should be set up in the following waters and areas: 1) Main stream control river sections, including the confluence of major first- and second-level tributaries, important water sources and major water withdrawal areas. 2) Large and medium-sized urban river sections or major urban river sections and industrial and mining enterprise concentration areas. 3) River sections where large water conservancy facilities have been built or will be built, large irrigation areas or water diversion project headwaters. 4) Estuary waters entering the sea.
5) Different hydrogeological or vegetation areas, soil salinization areas, endemic disease areas, geochemical anomaly areas, and areas where the total mineralization or total hardness change rate exceeds 50%.
3 Lake (reservoir) water quality stations should be set up according to the following principles: 1) Lakes with an area greater than 100km2.
SL219-98: Water Environment Monitoring Specifications
2) Cascade reservoirs and reservoirs with a storage capacity greater than 100 million m3. 3) Lakes (reservoirs) with important water supply, aquaculture, tourism and other functions or serious pollution. 7
4 Boundary river (lake, reservoir) water quality stations should be set up for important international rivers, lakes, major rivers, lakes (reservoirs) flowing into and out of administrative boundaries, and water environment sensitive waters.
2.2.2 Groundwater quality stations should be set up in combination with groundwater level observation wells based on the hydrogeological conditions and distribution of pollution sources in the region.
1 According to the classification of groundwater, water quality stations should be set up in different types of areas. 2 According to the zoning of groundwater exploitation intensity, water quality stations should be set up in different areas. 3 Water quality stations should be set up in different water quality categories. 2.2.3 Precipitation water quality stations should be set up in combination with existing rainfall observation stations based on hydrological and meteorological conditions, wind direction, topography, geomorphology and the distribution of urban atmospheric pollution sources. Precipitation water quality stations should be set up in the following areas. 1 Areas with different hydrological and meteorological conditions, different topography and geomorphology. 2 Large urban areas and industrial concentration areas.
3 Large reservoirs and lake areas.
2.3 Water environment monitoring station network
2.3.1 The water environment monitoring station network is a water environment monitoring network composed of an appropriate number of various water quality stations according to certain purposes and requirements. 1 The water environment monitoring station network can be divided into three basic types: surface water, groundwater and atmospheric precipitation. 2 According to different monitoring purposes or service objects, various water quality stations can form different types of professional monitoring networks or special monitoring networks. 2.3.2 The planning of the water environment monitoring station network should follow the following principles: 1 Unified planning based on the basin as a unit.
2 Combined with the hydrological station network, groundwater level observation well network and rainfall observation station network. 3 The station network planning of each administrative region should be combined with the basin station network planning. 4 The station network should be continuously optimized and adjusted, and strive to be multi-purpose, multi-functional and highly representative. 2.3.3 Basin organizations and water administration departments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government should establish and improve the water environment monitoring station network in their basins and regions according to the needs of water environment monitoring. 3 Surface water monitoring
3.1 Sampling section layout
3.1.1 The sampling section layout should comply with the following principles: 1 Fully consider the number and distribution of water intakes and sewage (water return) outlets in this river section (region) and the discharge of pollutants, hydrology and river topography, tributary confluence and water engineering conditions, vegetation and soil erosion, and other factors affecting water quality and its uniformity. 2 Strive to obtain the most representative samples with fewer monitoring sections and measuring points, and comprehensively, truly and objectively reflect the water environment quality and the spatial and temporal distribution of pollutants in the region and their characteristics. 3Avoid dead water and backwater areas, and choose a straight river section, stable river bank, gentle water flow, no rapids and convenient transportation. 4Try to combine with hydrological sections.
5After the section location is determined, a fixed sign should be set and it shall not be changed arbitrarily; if it needs to be changed, it should be reported to the original approval unit for approval. 3.1.2River sampling sections shall be arranged according to the following methods and requirements: 1In urban or industrial river sections, control sections, control sections and reduction sections shall be arranged. 8
SL219-98: Water Environment Monitoring Specifications
2For seriously polluted river sections, several control sections can be set according to the distribution of sewage outlets and sewage discharge conditions, and the controlled sewage discharge shall not be less than 80% of the total amount of this river section.
3When a large tributary merges into this river section, sections should be arranged upstream of the tributary at the confluence point and downstream of the main stream after full mixing. 4. For water environment sensitive waters such as international rivers and important inter-provincial rivers, sections should be set up at the entrance and exit of the administrative region. 5. For river sections with stable water quality or no obvious impact of pollution sources on the water body, only one control section can be set up. 6. The background section of a river or water system can be set up upstream near the source of the river, or in a river section that is not significantly affected by human activities. 7. For river sections with hydrogeological or geochemical anomalies, sections should be set up upstream and downstream respectively. Sections should be set up in water supply sources, aquatic biological protection areas, areas with water-borne endemic diseases, and areas with severe soil erosion. 8
9. Sections should be set up 1,000 meters upstream of the main water supply sources of cities. 10. Sections should be set up at the estuaries of important rivers. 11. Sections should be set up in water network areas according to the annual dominant flow direction; when there are multiple forks, they should be set up on the larger main stream, and the controlled runoff should not be less than 80% of the total runoff.
3.1.3 The layout of sampling sections in tidal rivers shall also comply with the following requirements: 1 For rivers with tide gates, sections shall be laid out upstream and downstream of the gates. 2 For tidal rivers without tide gates, control sections shall be laid out above the tidal boundary; when the tidal boundary exceeds the scope of this river section, control sections shall be laid out upstream of this river section.
3 A reduction section shall be laid out near the estuary; when the estuary is outside this river section, it shall be laid out downstream of this river section. 4 The layout of control sections shall fully consider the changes in water flow during rising and falling tides. 3.1.4 The sampling sections of lakes (reservoirs) shall be set up according to the following requirements: 1 Sections shall be set up at the main entrances and exits of lakes (reservoirs), central areas, stagnant areas, drinking water sources, fish spawning areas and tourist areas. 2 At the confluence of the main sewage outlets, 1 to 5 sections or half sections shall be set up 100 to 1000 meters downstream depending on the diffusion of pollutants. 3 For canyon-type reservoirs, sampling sections should be arranged in the upstream, midstream, near-dam area, reservoir tail and main reservoir bay backwater area. 4 For lakes (reservoirs) without obvious functional divisions, grid method can be used for uniform arrangement, and the grid size depends on the area of the lake or reservoir. 5 The sampling section of a lake (reservoir) should be perpendicular to the direction of water flow near the section. Sampling vertical line and sampling point arrangement
3.2.1 Methods and requirements for the arrangement of sampling vertical lines for rivers, lakes (reservoirs): 1 The arrangement of sampling vertical lines for rivers (tidal river sections) should comply with the provisions of Table 3.2.1. Table 3.2.1 Layout of sampling vertical lines in rivers
Width of water surface (m)
50~100
100~1000
Layout of sampling vertical lines
1 line (in the middle of the river)
3 lines on the left, middle and right
3 lines on the left, middle and right
3~5 lines
2 Requirements for layout of sampling vertical lines in lakes (reservoirs): There is a pollution belt on one side
If there is a pollution belt on one side, add 1 vertical line
5 (add two on the shore)
Relative range
The left and right are set at 5~10m away from the wet shore
The vertical line on the shore is 5~10m away from the wet shore
1) The sampling vertical lines of the upstream and downstream sections of the main inlets and outlets and the downstream sections of the main sewage outlets shall be arranged according to the provisions of Table 3.2.1. 2) The center of the lake (reservoir) and each section of the stagnant area can be appropriately arranged along the direction of the water flow according to the size of the lake and reservoir and the width of the water surface.
3.2.2 Requirements for the layout of sampling points in rivers, lakes (reservoirs): SL219-98: Water Environment Monitoring Specifications
1 The layout of sampling points on the river sampling vertical line shall comply with the provisions of Table 3.2.2. In special cases, it can be determined according to the river water depth and the uniformity of the distribution of the test objects.
Table 3.2.2 Sampling point layout
Water depth (m)
Number of sampling points
0.5m below the water surface
0.5m below the water surface, 0.5m above the river bottom
0.5m below the water surface, 1/2 water depth, 0.5m above the river bottom
1. When it is less than 1m, take 1/2 water depth.
2. If the water quality is evenly distributed along the vertical line, the number of sampling points in the middle layer can be reduced.
3. Layered sampling points should be set up for tidal rivers
2 The layout requirements of sampling points on the vertical line of lake (reservoir) sampling are the same as those of rivers, but when temperature stratification occurs, sampling points should be arranged in the surface temperature layer, the thermocline layer and the subthermal layer respectively. 3 When the water body is frozen, the sampling point should be arranged at 0.5m below the ice. When the water depth is less than 0.5m, sampling should be carried out at 1/2 of the water depth. 3.3 Sampling
3.3.1 Principles and requirements for determining the sampling frequency and time of rivers, lakes (reservoirs). 1 The determination of the sampling frequency and time of rivers shall meet the following requirements: 1) The sampling frequency of the Yangtze River, the Yellow River mainstream and national key basic stations shall not be less than 12 times a year, and sampling shall be carried out in the middle of each month. 2) The sampling frequency of basic stations of general small and medium-sized rivers shall not be less than 6 times a year, 2 times each in the flood, normal and dry seasons. 3) For river sections with serious pollution flowing through cities or industrial areas, the sampling frequency shall not be less than 12 times a year, and sampling shall be carried out once a month. When there are seasonal differences in polluted river sections, the sampling frequency and time can be appropriately adjusted according to the pollution season and non-pollution season, but the annual monitoring shall not be less than 12 times.
4) The sampling frequency of important waters such as water supply sources shall not be less than 12 times a year, and the sampling time shall be determined according to specific requirements. 5) The sampling frequency of tidal river sections and estuaries shall not be less than 3 times per year, and shall be carried out in three periods: flood, normal and dry. Each sampling shall be carried out on the day of the big flood or small flood of the month, and one water sample of high and low tide shall be collected. The water sample collection time for full tide analysis can be from the first ebb break to the appearance of the flood break, and one water sample shall be collected every 1 to 2 hours, and repeated until the end of the full tide. 6) The background section of the river system shall be sampled 3 times per year, once in the flood, normal and dry seasons. The sampling frequency may be reduced as appropriate in places with inconvenient transportation, but shall not be less than once a year.
2 The determination of the sampling frequency and time of lakes (reservoirs) shall meet the following requirements: 1) For lakes (reservoirs) with national key basic stations or with the function of supplying water to cities, sampling shall be carried out once a month, 12 times a year. 2) The water quality station of general lakes (reservoirs) shall sample 3 times a year, once in the flood, normal and dry seasons. 3) For lakes (reservoirs) with serious pollution, sampling shall not be less than 6 times a year, once every other month. 3 The same river (lake, reservoir) should strive to sample water quality, water quantity and time synchronously. 4 The sampling frequency should be appropriately increased during the lowest water level and freezing period of rivers, lakes (reservoirs). 5 The sampling frequency and time of special stations depend on specific requirements. 3.3.2 Selection and use requirements of samplers and sample storage containers. 1 The sampler should be strong enough, flexible and reliable to use, and the part in contact with the water sample should be made of inert materials such as stainless steel and polytetrafluoroethylene. Before using the sampler, the oil should be washed with detergent, rinsed with tap water, and then washed with 10% hydrochloric acid. Rinse with tap water and set aside.
According to local actual conditions, the following types of water quality samplers can be selected: 1) Vertical sampler. Suitable for water sampling in rivers, lakes and reservoirs with gentle water flow. 2) Horizontal sampler. Used in conjunction with lead fish, it is used to collect water samples in deep and fast-flowing rivers in mountainous areas. 10
SL219-98: Water Environment Monitoring Specifications
3) Organic glass water sampler. It consists of a barrel, two semicircular upper covers with shafts and a movable bottom plate. It is mainly used for the collection of aquatic biological samples, and is also suitable for the collection of water quality samples other than bacterial indicators and oils. 4) Automatic sampler. It uses an electric sampling pump that is turned on and off at a time to extract water samples, or uses the pressure sampling generated by the water level difference between the water inlet surface and the surface water surface, or can automatically sample in proportion with the flow rate. This type of sampler is suitable for collecting time or space mixed integral samples, but is not suitable for the determination of oils, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, water temperature and other items. 2 The material of the sample storage container should meet the following requirements: 1 The container material should have good chemical stability, will not dissolve the components to be tested, and will not react physically and chemically with the water sample during the purchase and storage period. 2) It should have a light-shielding effect on photosensitive components. 3 The container used for microbial testing can withstand high-temperature sterilization. 3 Selection and use requirements of sample storage containers:
1) Sample containers for measuring organic and biological items should be made of hard (borosilicate) glass containers. 2) Sample containers for measuring metals, radioactivity and other inorganic items can be made of high-density polyethylene or hard (borosilicate) glass containers. 3 Determination of dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) should use special sample containers 4) The container should be washed according to the requirements of the monitoring project and analysis method before use. 3.3.3 According to the actual situation, automatic or manual sampling methods and methods can be used to collect samples. 1 Sampling method and scope of application:
1 Constant flow sampling. When the cumulative water flow reaches a certain set value, the pulse triggers the sampler to collect water samples. 2) Flow rate proportional sampling. (Water samples that are proportional to the flow rate can be collected) Applicable to the collection of water samples with large changes in flow and pollutant concentration.
3) Time integral sampling. Applicable to collecting mixed water samples within a certain period of time. 42 Depth integral sampling. Applicable to collecting mixed water samples at different depths along the sampling vertical line. 2 Sampling methods and scope of application:
1) Wading sampling. Applicable to water bodies with shallow water depth. 2) Bridge sampling. Applicable to sampling sections with bridges. 3) Ship sampling. Applicable to rivers, reservoirs and lakes with deeper water bodies. 4) Cableway sampling. Applicable to rivers with faster flow in mountainous areas. 5 Ice sampling. Applicable to frozen rivers, lakes and reservoirs in northern winter. 3 When sampling in rivers with fast water flow, the sampler should be used with a lead fish of appropriate weight and a winch. 3.3.4: Sample collection, quality control sample preparation and on-site measurement. 1 Sample collection should meet the following requirements:
1) Water quality sampling should be carried out under natural water flow conditions, and the water flow and bottom sediments should not be disturbed to ensure the representativeness of the sample. 2) The sampling location and time should meet the requirements. 3) Sampling personnel should be specially trained.
4) Safety must be paid attention to during sampling.
2 The following matters should be noted when sampling:
1) The amount of water sample collected depends on the amount of water sample and the spare amount required for the monitoring project and the analytical method adopted. 2) When sampling, the mouth of the sampler should face the direction of the water flow. When sampling by ship, the bow should go against the water flow, and sampling should be carried out against the current at the front of the ship to avoid contamination of the water sample by the hull. 3) Except for water samples for determination of bacteria, oil, etc., the container should be rinsed three times with the water sample of the sampling point before loading the water sample. After loading the water sample, the corresponding preservative should be added as required and shaken well, and the water sample label should be filled in time. SL219-98: Water Environment Monitoring Specifications
4) When collecting water samples for determination of dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), aeration should be avoided, and the water sample should fill the container to avoid contact with air. 5) Due to the limited volume of the sampler, when multiple sampling is required, the water samples collected each time can be placed in a clean large container, mixed and packaged, but this method is not suitable for the determination of variable items such as dissolved oxygen and bacteria. 6) When sampling, the on-site sampling record should be kept, the water sample inspection form should be filled in, and the bottle label should be checked. 3 The number of quality control samples should be 10% to 20% of the total number of water samples, and each batch of water samples should not be less than two. Quality control samples can be prepared by the following method:
1) On-site blank sample. At the sampling site, use pure water to bottle according to the sample collection steps and treat it in the same way as the water sample to grasp the impact of the environment and operating conditions on the monitoring results during the sampling process. 2) On-site parallel samples. Parallel water samples are collected on-site to reflect the precision of sampling and determination analysis. When collecting, attention should be paid to controlling the consistency of sampling operation conditions.
3) Standardized sample. Take a group of on-site parallel samples and add a certain amount of the standard solution of the analyte to one of them. Then both water samples are treated according to the conventional method and sent to the laboratory for analysis. 4 The following parameters should be measured at the sampling site using the corresponding methods: 1) Water temperature. Thermometer method.
2) pH. pH meter method.
3) Dissolved oxygen. Volumetric method or membrane electrode method. 4) Conductivity. Conductivity meter method.
5) Transparency. Secchi disk method.
8) Water color, smell and sensory properties. On-site description record. 7) Flow rate. Flow meter method.
3.3.5 Requirements for water sample storage and transportation:
1 Water sample storage should comply with the requirements of Table 3.3.5. Samples that exceed the storage period shall be treated as waste samples. Table 3.3.5 Commonly used sample preservation techniques
Test items
Acidity and alkalinity
Conductivity
Suspended matter
Carbon dioxide
Dissolved oxygen
Fats, oils, carbon
Hydrogen compounds, petroleum and its derivatives
Ionic surfactants
Container type
(Dissolved oxygen bottle)
Preservation method
Refrigerate in a dark place at 2~5℃
Refrigerate in a dark place at 2~5℃
Fix and store in a dark place on site
Extract on site and freeze to —20℃
Refrigerate sulfuric acid at 2~5℃ and acidify to
Analysis location can be stored for time
Analysis room
Analysis room
On-site,
Analysis room
Analysis room
See pH
On-site,
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Direct test on site
Fill the container with water sample
It is best to test on site
It is best to test on site
Separate fixed volume sampling
Direct test on site
Best to analyze on site. Otherwise, it should be fixed with excess NaOH on site and should not be stored for more than 6h. Iodometric method: add 1mL 1mol/L manganese sulfate and 2mL 1ml/L alkaline potassium iodide. It is recommended to rinse the container with the solvent used in the analysis and add the extractant immediately after sampling, or perform on-site extraction. Items to be tested: Non-ionic surfactants Sulfide Total cyanide
Permanganate Index
Chemical Oxygen Demand
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
Kyeda Nitrogen
Nitrate Nitrogen
Nitrite Nitrogen
Organochlorine Pesticides
Organophosphorus Pesticides
A Physical
Chemical Analysis
“Free” Cyanide
Chlorophyll a
Filterable Cadmium
Hexavalent Chromium
Total Hardness
Nitride
Chloride| |tt||Container type
P, BG
P or BG
P or BG
SL219-98: Water environment monitoring specifications
Storage method
Add 40% (v/v) formaldehyde to make the sample into a 1% (v/v) formaldehyde solution. Refrigerate at 2~5℃ and fill the container with water sample
Add HSO to make pH<2
Add alkali to adjust pH=12
Add 2mL2
mol/L zinc acetate to every 100mL water sample, then add 2mL
2mol/LNaOH and refrigerate
Adjust to pH>12 with NaOH
Refrigerate in the dark at 2~5℃Acidify to pHK<2 with SO
Refrigerate in the dark at 2~5℃
Acidify to pH<2 with HSO and refrigerate at 2~5℃
Acidify to pH<2 with HSO and refrigerate at 2~5℃ C cool
Refrigerate at 2~5℃
Refrigerate at 2~5℃
Refrigerate at 2~5℃
Use CuSO, inhibit biochemical reaction, and acidify with
HPO, or adjust with NaOH to
pHD>12
Refrigerate at 2~5℃, filter and freeze
Filter on site, acidify the filtrate with nitric acid to
Acidify with nitric acid to pH<2
Acidify to pH<2
Use NaOH Adjust to pH -7~9
After filtering, acidify the filtrate to pH<2
Use HSO, acidify to pH<2
Analysis location
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
|tt||Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Storage time
1 month
1 month
1 month
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Neutral samples
Can be stored for several months
Continued Table 3.3.5
Cannot be acidified with nitric acid.
Domestic sewage and
industrial wastewater should be preserved by adding alkali
Must be fixed on site
If COD is caused by the presence of organic matter
, it must be acidified
It is best to use a special glass container
In order to prevent the metabolism of nitrifying bacteria, consider adding fungicides such as propylene thiourea or mercuric chloride or chloroform
Some wastewater samples cannot be preserved and need
on-site analysis
It is recommended to add the extractant immediately after sampling, or on-site Extraction
The storage method depends on the analytical method
The storage method depends on the analytical method used
The storage method depends on the analytical method used
The filter residue is used to determine the non-filterable cadmium, and the filtrate is used for this determination
Take a uniform sample and digest it for determination
H:SO4 cannot be used during acidification
Do not use containers with ground mouths and roughened inner walls to avoid adsorption of chromium
Do not use H,SO during acidification. The acidified
sample can also be used to measure other metalsInhibit biochemical effects and acidify with HPO, or adjust with NaOH to pHD>12 Refrigerate at 2~5℃, filter and freeze filter on site, acidify the filtrate with nitric acid to pH<2 Acidify with nitric acid to pH<2 Use NaOH Adjust to pH -7~9
After filtering, acidify the filtrate to pH<2
Use HSO, acidify to pH<2
Analysis location
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
|tt||Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Storage time
1 month
1 month
1 month
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Neutral samples
Can be stored for several months
Continued Table 3.3.5
Cannot be acidified with nitric acid.
Domestic sewage and
industrial wastewater should be preserved by adding alkali
Must be fixed on site
If COD is caused by the presence of organic matter
, it must be acidified
It is best to use a special glass container
In order to prevent the metabolism of nitrifying bacteria, consider adding fungicides such as propylene thiourea or mercuric chloride or chloroform
Some wastewater samples cannot be preserved and need
on-site analysis
It is recommended to add the extractant immediately after sampling, or on-site Extraction
The storage method depends on the analytical method
The storage method depends on the analytical method used
The storage method depends on the analytical method used
The filter residue is used to determine the non-filterable cadmium, and the filtrate is used for this determination
Take a uniform sample and digest it for determination
H:SO4 cannot be used during acidification
Do not use containers with ground mouths and roughened inner walls to avoid adsorption of chromium
Do not use H,SO during acidification. The acidified
sample can also be used to measure other metalsInhibit biochemical effects and acidify with HPO, or adjust with NaOH to pHD>12 Refrigerate at 2~5℃, filter and freeze filter on site, acidify the filtrate with nitric acid to pH<2 Acidify with nitric acid to pH<2 Use NaOH Adjust to pH -7~9
After filtering, acidify the filtrate to pH<2
Use HSO, acidify to pH<2
Analysis location
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
|tt||Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Storage time
1 month
1 month
1 month
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Analysis room
Neutral samples
Can be stored for several months
Continued Table 3.3.5
Cannot be acidified with nitric acid.
Domestic sewage and
industrial wastewater should be preserved by adding alkali
Must be fixed on site
If COD is caused by the presence of organic matter
, it must be acidified
It is best to use a special glass container
In order to prevent the metabolism of nitrifying bacteria, consider adding fungicides such as propylene thiourea or mercuric chloride or chloroform
Some wastewater samples cannot be preserved and need
on-site analysis
It is recommended to add the extractant immediately after sampling, or on-site Extraction
The storage method depends on the analytical method
The storage method depends on the analytical method used
The storage method depends on the analytical method used
The filter residue is used to determine the non-filterable cadmium, and the filtrate is used for this determination
Take a uniform sample and digest it for determination
H:SO4 cannot be used during acidification
Do not use containers with ground mouths and roughened inner walls to avoid adsorption of chromium
Do not use H,SO during acidification. The acidified
sample can also be used to measure other metals
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