Some standard content:
ICS 01. 020
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T19100—2003
Terminology work
Establishment of concept system
Terminology work-Establishment of concept systemPromulgated on 2003-05-14
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
Implementation on 2003-12-01
This standard is one of the series of national standards for terminology databases. The series of standards that have been issued include:bzxZ.net
GB/T10112—1999 Principles and methods of terminology work GB/T16785—1997 Coordination of concepts and terminology in terminology work GB/T19101—2003 General principles and methods for establishing terminology corpora GB/T19102—2003 Information description specification for terminology component librariesAppendices A and B of this standard are informative appendices. This standard is proposed by the National Technical Committee for Terminology Standardization. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the China Standards Research Center. This standard was drafted by the China Standards Research Center, Institute of Computational Linguistics of Peking University and other units. The main drafters of this standard are Cheng Yonghong, Hu Junfeng, Song Min, He Yan, Ye Sheng, Chen Yuzhong and Xiao Yujing. GB/T19100—2003
1 Scope
Establishment of the concept system of terminology work
This standard specifies the general principles and methods for establishing the concept system in terminology work. GB/T 19100—2003
This standard is applicable to the construction of the concept system in terminology work. It can also be used as a reference in other work involving the construction of the concept system. 2 Normative references
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For all dated referenced documents, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, parties to an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For any undated referenced document, the latest version shall apply to this standard. GB/T10112-1999 Principles and methods of terminology work (neqISO/DIS704:1997) GB/T15237.1-2000 Vocabulary of terminology work Part 1: Theory and application GB/T16785-1997 Coordination of concepts and terms in terminology work (egvISO860:1996) 3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions established in GB/T10112-1999 and GB/T15237.1-2000 apply to this standard. For ease of use, this standard repeats some of the terms and definitions. 3.1
Term term
The term refers to the general concept in a specific professional field. [GB/T 15237.1--2000,3.4.3]3.2
concept
a knowledge unit formed by a unique combination of features. Note: concepts are not limited by language, but are affected by social or cultural background. [GB/T 15237.1--2000,3.2.1]3.3
concept system
a structured set of concepts established based on the relationships between concepts. [GB/T 15237.1--2000,3.2.11]3.4
preferred term
a term (3.1) that is the first choice among the terms that refer to a concept (3.2). [GB/T15237.1—2000,3.4.15]
Domain specific
Characteristics that are unique to a specific professional field and closely related to the subject matter of the professional field. [GB/T19102-2003,3.7]
GB/T 19100—2003
4 Concept system
4.1 Overview
The concept system is the basis for establishing a terminology system. One concept corresponds to only one term. The analysis and definition of existing terms and the establishment of new terms should be carried out under the guidance of the concept system. Establishing a complete concept system is a complex and time-consuming task. While building the terminology system, we should combine the characteristics of the field, select the relationship between concepts in a targeted manner, and gradually build the concept system of the field. The goal of the concept system construction is to establish the basic framework of the concept system in this field and clarify the correlation between concepts, so as to further achieve: a) provide a basis for the consistency and standardization of terms; b) provide assistance for cross-language concept correspondence; c) provide assistance for term definition;
d) provide a basis for term standardization and the naming of new terms. See: GB/T16785-1997
4.2 Determination and representation of concepts
The determination and representation of concepts is to select concepts with domain specificity and give reasonable expressions for specific fields. The selection and determination of concepts can be further supplemented and improved in the process of constructing the concept system. The process is mainly divided into the following steps: - Determine the professional field.
- Analyze user needs.
- Collect alternative terms in the professional field: The domain specificity of terms should be considered in the collection process. - Determine the concepts in the field:
Classify the alternative terms according to the concepts they refer to, so as to determine the concepts in the field. 1. Formal representation of determined concepts:
The formal representation of concepts is mainly used for the storage, management and analysis of concept data in computers. Generally, the professional classification of concepts and the set of alternative terms referring to the same concept can be used as the formal representation of concepts. Within a clear professional field (not including further subdivided professional fields), only the set of alternative terms referring to the same concept can be used as the formal representation of concepts.
For example:
The concept of packet switching is represented in the communication field: (communication, (packet switching)); the concept of packet switching is represented in the computer field: (computer, (packet switching); the concept related to packet switching and packet switching is represented in the information science and technology field: (information science and technology, (packet switching, packet switching)). -…-—Selected working designation of concepts·
The working designation of concepts is mainly used for communication and discussion in the process of establishing concepts and building concept systems. Generally, any selected term in the set of alternative terms for concepts can be used as the working designation of concepts. 4.3 Establishment and representation of relationships between concepts
4.3.1 Types of relationships between concepts
The relationships between concepts are generally divided into two types: hierarchical relationships and non-hierarchical relationships. Hierarchical relationships include genus-species relationships and whole-part relationships. Specifically for different application fields, different classification methods can be derived based on different classification standards, and different types of relationships can be defined.
See GB/T 15237.1—2000,3.2
4.3.2 Selection of relations between concepts
The concept system consists of a set of concepts and relations between concepts. For different professional fields and different application requirements, the concept system of the field can be constructed by focusing on the relations between different concepts. For example, in the field of medicine, the genus-species relationship can be reflected in different classification methods, such as classification based on the chemical structure of the drug, classification based on pharmacological effects, and classification based on clinical applications. 4.3.3 Representation of relations between concepts
Relationships between concepts can be represented by formalization or diagrammatic methods. See Appendix A for details. 4.3.3.1 For the graphical representation of relations between concepts, see Appendix A.2.
4.3.3.2 For the formal representation of relations between concepts, see Appendix A.3.
5 General process and method for building a concept system GB/T 19100—2003
The construction of a concept system is to describe the relationship between a group of related concepts in a specific field. Each concept should have a certain position in the concept system. Its basic process mainly includes the following steps: select professional fields and application goals;
Establish and describe domain concepts;
Establish the relationship between concepts contained in the concept system; Establish the position of each concept in the concept system; Evaluate and optimize the definition of concepts based on the relationship between concepts: Give the designation of concepts.
Generally, a preferred term can be selected from the candidate term set of the concept as the only designation of the concept, or new terms can be defined as the designation of the concept as needed. The construction of a concept system can be carried out in two ways: bottom-up and top-down. Bottom-up means finding related superordinate concepts through cluster analysis between concepts and recursively constructing a complete concept system based on this. Top-down means classifying the concepts under study according to the theoretical model of the field, material classification, etc. In the specific operation of building a concept system, the two methods are often combined. The terminology concept system can also be constructed based on the structural characteristics of the terminology (see Appendix B). 3
GB/T19100—2003
A.1 Introduction
Appendix A
(Informative Appendix)
Formalization and graphical representation of the relationship between concepts A concept system can often contain more than one relationship. A complete concept system is often a complex composed of multiple relationships. Graphical expression can describe the relationship between concepts more clearly. The formal expression of concepts is conducive to the computer-aided management and construction of the concept system, and also creates conditions for the development of computer retrieval and reasoning systems based on the concept system. A.2 Graphical representation of the relationship between concepts
A.2.1 Graphical representation of hierarchical relationship
Hierarchical relationship is a directed relationship, including genus-species relationship and whole-part relationship. A.2.1.1 Graphical representation of genus-species relationship
Genus-species relationship can be represented by a directed graph of the following form: where the arrow points to the genus concept (small concept), and the concept pointed out by the arrow is the species concept (large concept). A.2.1.2 Graphical representation of whole-part relationship A.2.2 Graphical representation of parallel relationship
A.2.2.1 Bidirectional parallel relationship
For example: friend relationship, product relationship in the same series, etc. A.2.2.2 Unidirectional cyclic parallel relationship
For example: spring, summer, autumn, winter, etc.
A unidirectional non-cyclic relationship can be considered as a special case of hierarchical relationship.
A.3 Formal Representation of Relationships between Concepts A.3.1
Formal Representation of Hierarchical Relationships
GB/T 19100—2003
In which, the concept labels before the dot at each level from right to left represent the superordinate concept of the concept. For example: Concept 2.2 is the superordinate concept of 2.2.1, 2.2.2. Concept 2 is the superordinate concept of 2.1, 2.2. A.3.2 Formal Representation of Non-Hierarchical Relationships
Concept A
The formal representation of non-hierarchical relationships can be expressed in the form of tuples. Concept B
For example: 1 Concept A, Concept B. Among them, Concept A and Concept B form a parallel relationship. 5
GB/T19100—2003
B.1 Terms and Definitions
Appendix B
(Informative Appendix)
Constructing the concept system based on the internal structural information of the term single-word term
Term consisting of a single word. [GB/T19102-2003, 3.3]B. 1.2
Multi-word term
Multi-word term
Term consisting of multiple words. [GB/T19102—2003, 3.4]B. 1. 3
Term component termcomponent
Words that make up a multi-word term. Language fragments that are closely combined, have strong generation capabilities, and are used stably in specific professional fields can also be regarded as term components, such as "portable" and "randomness" can also be regarded as term components in the field of information science and technology. [GB/T19102, 3.5]B.1.4
left componentleft component
If a term can be split into a term component and another term in the same profession, and the component is located on the left of the term, then the component is called the left component of the term.
For example, "message" in "packet switching" is the left component of the term; "packet" in "packet switching" is the left component of the term; but "decode" in "decoder" is not the left component of the term. B.1.5
right componentright component
If a term can be split into another term in the same profession and a term component, and the component is located on the right of the term, then the component is called the right component of the term.
For example, "device" in "decoder" is the right component of the term; "space" in "virtual space" is the right component of the term. B.2 Assisting the construction of a concept system based on the structural information within the terminology B.2.1 Overview
In order to solve the problem that the number of terminology concepts is huge and the construction of a concept system is very complicated, the structural characteristics of multi-word terms can be used to guide the construction of a terminology concept system.
The bottom layer of the concept system based on genus-species relationship is often composed of concepts referred to by multi-word terms, and multi-word terms are generally composed of one or more modifying components (including words and affixes) to modify the parent term. For example, "wireless communication", "handwriting input system", "very large-scale programmable gate array", etc. These terms often contain one or more terms in this field. For example, "wireless" and "communication" in "wireless communication", "programmable gate array" and "gate array" in "very large-scale programmable gate array". Multi-word terms are composed of the term components that constitute it and the relationship between the term and the parent term that constitutes the term is derived from the combination of the term components.
For example, in the collection of 140,000 candidate terms in the field of information science and technology: the terms with "programmable" as the left component include "programmable gate array", "programmable read-only memory", "programmable function keyboard", "programmable communication interface", "programmable line adapter", etc., totaling 167. Since "programmable" as the left component of the term can lead to a stable semantic relationship between the term and the parent term that constitutes the term, that is: 6
GB/T 19100—2003
If the structure of term Y can be analyzed as: Y-"programmable"+X (X is a term in this field), then term Y can be interpreted in most cases as: X using "programmable" technology, or "programmable" X. In this case, the attributes of the term components can be directly used to guide the construction of the genus-species relationship between concepts as shown in the following figure. The underlined part of the term is the term component that leads to the genus-species relationship of the concept. It should be noted that the "non-programmable read-only memory" in italics in the figure represents a The newly created terms are not used in practice to maintain the integrity of the concept system. The method of constructing the concept system with the assistance of term component information can be further referred to GB/T19102-2003.
Memory
Read-only memory
Programmable read-only memory
Fuse programmable read-only memory
Non-programmable read-only memory
Mask memory
Static memory
Synchronous static memory
Capacitive read-only memory1 Graphical representation of genus-species relationship
Genus-species relationship can be represented by the following directed graph: In which, the arrow refers to the genus concept (small concept), and the concept from which the arrow points is the species concept (large concept). A.2.1.2 Graphical representation of whole-part relationship A.2.2 Graphical representation of parallel relationship
A.2.2.1 Bidirectional parallel relationship
For example: friend relationship, product relationship in the same series, etc. A.2.2.2 Unidirectional cyclic parallel relationship
For example: spring, summer, autumn, winter, etc.
Unidirectional non-cyclic relationship can be considered as a special case of hierarchical relationship.
A.3 Formal representation of relationship between concepts A.3.1
Formal representation of hierarchical relationship
GB/T 19100—2003
In which, the concept number before the dot in each layer from right to left represents the superordinate concept of the concept. For example: Concept 2.2 is the superordinate concept of 2.2.1 and 2.2.2. Concept 2 is the superordinate concept of 2.1 and 2.2. A.3.2 Formal representation of non-hierarchical relations
Concept A
The formal representation of non-hierarchical relations can be expressed in the form of tuples. Concept B
For example: 1 Concept A, Concept B. Among them, Concept A and Concept B form a parallel relationship. 5
GB/T19100—2003
B.1 Terms and definitions
Appendix B
(Informative Appendix)
Assist in building a concept system based on the internal structural information of the term Single-word term
Term composed of a single word. [GB/T19102-2003, 3.3]B. 1.2
Multi-word term
multi-word term
Term composed of multiple words. [GB/T19102—2003, 3.4]B. 1. 3
Term component termcomponent
The words that make up a multi-word term. Language fragments that are closely combined, have strong generation capabilities, and are used stably in a specific professional field can also be regarded as term components, such as "portable" and "randomness" in the field of information science and technology. [GB/T19102, 3.5]B. 1. 4
left component left component
If a term can be split into a term component and another term in the same profession, and the component is located to the left of the term, then the component is called the left component of the term.
For example, in "message packet switching", "message" is the left component of the term; in "packet switching", "packet" is the left component of the term; but in "decoder", "decode" is not the left component of the term. B.1.5
Right component
If a term can be split into another professional term and a term component, and the component is located on the right side of the term, then the component is called the right component of the term.
For example, in "decoder", "device" is the right component of the term; in "virtual space", "space" is the right component of the term. B.2 Assisting the construction of a concept system based on the structural information within the termB.2.1 Overview
In order to solve the problem that the number of term concepts is huge and the work of building a concept system is very complicated, the structural characteristics of multi-word terms can be used to guide the construction of a term concept system.
The bottom layer of the concept system based on genus-species relationship is often composed of concepts referred to by multi-word terms, and multi-word terms are generally composed of one or more modifying components (including words and affixes) to modify the parent term. For example, "wireless communication", "handwriting input system", "very large-scale programmable gate array", etc. These terms often contain one or more terms in this field. For example, "wireless" and "communication" in "wireless communication", "programmable gate array" and "gate array" in "very large-scale programmable gate array". Multi-word terms are composed of the term components that constitute it and the relationship between the term and the parent term that constitutes the term is derived from the combination of the term components.
For example, in the collection of 140,000 candidate terms in the field of information science and technology: the terms with "programmable" as the left component include "programmable gate array", "programmable read-only memory", "programmable function keyboard", "programmable communication interface", "programmable line adapter", etc., totaling 167. Since "programmable" as the left component of the term can lead to a stable semantic relationship between the term and the parent term that constitutes the term, that is: 6
GB/T 19100—2003
If the structure of term Y can be analyzed as: Y-"programmable"+X (X is a term in this field), then term Y can be interpreted in most cases as: X using "programmable" technology, or "programmable" X. In this case, the attributes of the term components can be directly used to guide the construction of the genus-species relationship between concepts as shown in the following figure. The underlined part of the term is the term component that leads to the genus-species relationship of the concept. It should be noted that the "non-programmable read-only memory" in italics in the figure represents a The newly created terms are not used in practice to maintain the integrity of the concept system. The method of constructing the concept system with the assistance of term component information can be further referred to GB/T19102-2003.
Memory
Read-only memory
Programmable read-only memory
Fuse programmable read-only memory
Non-programmable read-only memory
Mask memory
Static memory
Synchronous static memory
Capacitive read-only memory1 Graphical representation of genus-species relationship
Genus-species relationship can be represented by the following directed graph: In which, the arrow refers to the genus concept (small concept), and the concept from which the arrow points is the species concept (large concept). A.2.1.2 Graphical representation of whole-part relationship A.2.2 Graphical representation of parallel relationship
A.2.2.1 Bidirectional parallel relationship
For example: friend relationship, product relationship in the same series, etc. A.2.2.2 Unidirectional cyclic parallel relationship
For example: spring, summer, autumn, winter, etc.
Unidirectional non-cyclic relationship can be considered as a special case of hierarchical relationship.
A.3 Formal representation of relationship between concepts A.3.1
Formal representation of hierarchical relationship
GB/T 19100—2003
In which, the concept number before the dot in each layer from right to left represents the superordinate concept of the concept. For example: Concept 2.2 is the superordinate concept of 2.2.1 and 2.2.2. Concept 2 is the superordinate concept of 2.1 and 2.2. A.3.2 Formal representation of non-hierarchical relations
Concept A
The formal representation of non-hierarchical relations can be expressed in the form of tuples. Concept B
For example: 1 Concept A, Concept B. Among them, Concept A and Concept B form a parallel relationship. 5
GB/T19100—2003
B.1 Terms and definitions
Appendix B
(Informative Appendix)
Assist in building a concept system based on the internal structural information of the term Single-word term
Term composed of a single word. [GB/T19102-2003, 3.3]B. 1.2
Multi-word term
multi-word term
Term composed of multiple words. [GB/T19102—2003, 3.4]B. 1. 3
Term component termcomponent
The words that make up a multi-word term. Language fragments that are closely combined, have strong generation capabilities, and are used stably in a specific professional field can also be regarded as term components, such as "portable" and "randomness" in the field of information science and technology. [GB/T19102, 3.5]B. 1. 4
left component left component
If a term can be split into a term component and another term in the same profession, and the component is located to the left of the term, then the component is called the left component of the term.
For example, in "message packet switching", "message" is the left component of the term; in "packet switching", "packet" is the left component of the term; but in "decoder", "decode" is not the left component of the term. B.1.5
Right component
If a term can be split into another professional term and a term component, and the component is located on the right side of the term, then the component is called the right component of the term.
For example, in "decoder", "device" is the right component of the term; in "virtual space", "space" is the right component of the term. B.2 Assisting the construction of a concept system based on the structural information within the termB.2.1 Overview
In order to solve the problem that the number of term concepts is huge and the work of building a concept system is very complicated, the structural characteristics of multi-word terms can be used to guide the construction of a term concept system.
The bottom layer of the concept system based on genus-species relationship is often composed of concepts referred to by multi-word terms, and multi-word terms are generally composed of one or more modifying components (including words and affixes) to modify the parent term. For example, "wireless communication", "handwriting input system", "very large-scale programmable gate array", etc. These terms often contain one or more terms in this field. For example, "wireless" and "communication" in "wireless communication", "programmable gate array" and "gate array" in "very large-scale programmable gate array". Multi-word terms are composed of the term components that constitute it and the relationship between the term and the parent term that constitutes the term is derived from the combination of the term components.
For example, in the collection of 140,000 candidate terms in the field of information science and technology: the terms with "programmable" as the left component include "programmable gate array", "programmable read-only memory", "programmable function keyboard", "programmable communication interface", "programmable line adapter", etc., totaling 167. Since "programmable" as the left component of the term can lead to a stable semantic relationship between the term and the parent term that constitutes the term, that is: 6
GB/T 19100—2003
If the structure of term Y can be analyzed as: Y-"programmable"+X (X is a term in this field), then term Y can be interpreted in most cases as: X using "programmable" technology, or "programmable" X. In this case, the attributes of the term components can be directly used to guide the construction of the genus-species relationship between concepts as shown in the following figure. The underlined part of the term is the term component that leads to the genus-species relationship of the concept. It should be noted that the "non-programmable read-only memory" in italics in the figure represents a The newly created terms are not used in practice to maintain the integrity of the concept system. The method of constructing the concept system with the assistance of term component information can be further referred to GB/T19102-2003.
Memory
Read-only memory
Programmable read-only memory
Fuse programmable read-only memory
Non-programmable read-only memory
Mask memory
Static memory
Synchronous static memory
Capacitive read-only memory5
right component
If a term can be split into another term in the same profession and a term component, and the component is located to the right of the term, then the component is called the right component of the term.
For example, "器" in "decoder" is the right component of the term; "空间" in "virtual space" is the right component of the term. B.2 Assisting the construction of the concept system based on the structural information within the term B.2.1 Overview
In order to solve the problem that the number of term concepts is huge and the work of constructing the concept system is very complicated, the structural characteristics of multi-word terms can be used to guide the construction of the term concept system.
The bottom layer of the concept system based on genus-species relationship is often composed of concepts referred to by multi-word terms, and multi-word terms are generally composed of one or more modifying components (including words and affixes) to modify the parent term. For example, "wireless communication", "handwriting input system", "very large-scale programmable gate array", etc. These terms often contain one or more terms in this field. For example, "wireless" and "communication" in "wireless communication", "programmable gate array" and "gate array" in "very large-scale programmable gate array". Multi-word terms are composed of the term components that constitute it and the relationship between the term and the parent term that constitutes the term is derived from the combination of the term components.
For example, in the collection of 140,000 candidate terms in the field of information science and technology: the terms with "programmable" as the left component include "programmable gate array", "programmable read-only memory", "programmable function keyboard", "programmable communication interface", "programmable line adapter", etc., totaling 167. Since "programmable" as the left component of the term can lead to a stable semantic relationship between the term and the parent term that constitutes the term, that is: 6
GB/T 19100—2003
If the structure of term Y can be analyzed as: Y-"programmable"+X (X is a term in this field), then term Y can be interpreted in most cases as: X using "programmable" technology, or "programmable" X. In this case, the attributes of the term components can be directly used to guide the construction of the genus-species relationship between concepts as shown in the following figure. The underlined part of the term is the term component that leads to the genus-species relationship of the concept. It should be noted that the "non-programmable read-only memory" in italics in the figure represents a The newly created terms are not used in practice to maintain the integrity of the concept system. The method of constructing the concept system with the assistance of term component information can be further referred to GB/T19102-2003.
Memory
Read-only memory
Programmable read-only memory
Fuse programmable read-only memory
Non-programmable read-only memory
Mask memory
Static memory
Synchronous static memory
Capacitive read-only memory5
right component
If a term can be split into another term in the same profession and a term component, and the component is located to the right of the term, then the component is called the right component of the term.
For example, "器" in "decoder" is the right component of the term; "空间" in "virtual space" is the right component of the term. B.2 Assisting the construction of the concept system based on the structural information within the term B.2.1 Overview
In order to solve the problem that the number of term concepts is huge and the work of constructing the concept system is very complicated, the structural characteristics of multi-word terms can be used to guide the construction of the term concept system.
The bottom layer of the concept system based on genus-species relationship is often composed of concepts referred to by multi-word terms, and multi-word terms are generally composed of one or more modifying components (including words and affixes) to modify the parent term. For example, "wireless communication", "handwriting input system", "very large-scale programmable gate array", etc. These terms often contain one or more terms in this field. For example, "wireless" and "communication" in "wireless communication", "programmable gate array" and "gate array" in "very large-scale programmable gate array". Multi-word terms are composed of the term components that constitute it and the relationship between the term and the parent term that constitutes the term is derived from the combination of the term components.
For example, in the collection of 140,000 candidate terms in the field of information science and technology: the terms with "programmable" as the left component include "programmable gate array", "programmable read-only memory", "programmable function keyboard", "programmable communication interface", "programmable line adapter", etc., totaling 167. Since "programmable" as the left component of the term can lead to a stable semantic relationship between the term and the parent term that constitutes the term, that is: 6
GB/T 19100—2003
If the structure of term Y can be analyzed as: Y-"programmable"+X (X is a term in this field), then term Y can be interpreted in most cases as: X using "programmable" technology, or "programmable" X. In this case, the attributes of the term components can be directly used to guide the construction of the genus-species relationship between concepts as shown in the following figure. The underlined part of the term is the term component that leads to the genus-species relationship of the concept. It should be noted that the "non-programmable read-only memory" in italics in the figure represents a The newly created terms are not used in practice to maintain the integrity of the concept system. The method of constructing the concept system with the assistance of term component information can be further referred to GB/T19102-2003.
Memory
Read-only memory
Programmable read-only memory
Fuse programmable read-only memory
Non-programmable read-only memory
Mask memory
Static memory
Synchronous static memory
Capacitive read-only memory
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