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ICS 65. 020. 20
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Guangzhou Municipal Standard
DB11/T608—2008
Early cultivation technique for peach in solar greenhouse
Early cultivation technique for peach in solar greenhouse2008-11-14 Issued
2009-03-01 Implementation
Beijing Municipal Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision Issued
2 Normative reference documents
3 Terms and definitions
4 Environmental conditions of origin
51 Structure and construction of solar greenhouse
6 Production technology.
6.1 Variety selection
6.2 Tree selection
6.3 Planting technology
6.4 Greenhouse management! .
6.5 Ten water bamboo shoots.
6.6 Shaping and pruning
6.7 Flower and fruit management
6.8 Harvesting
6.9 Disease control.
DB11/T 6082008
Non-standard appendix A and B are informative appendixes
This standard is proposed by Beijing Municipal Bureau of Landscape and Forestry Foreword
This standard is drafted by Beijing Agricultural Standardization Technical Committee Fruit Forest BranchⅡ This standard drafting unit: Beijing Agricultural College, Beijing Municipal Bureau of Landscape and Forestry Fruit Industry Department DB11/T608
This standard is drafted by: Yao Yuncong, Gao Chang, Kong Yun, Zhang Rui, Fu Zhanfang, Fang Jianhui, Li Song, Cheng Hou. II
1 Scope
Technology of early cultivation of peach in solar greenhouse
DB11/T 608 2008
This standard specifies the requirements for the environmental conditions of the production area, the construction of solar greenhouse and the production technology. This standard is applicable to the solar greenhouse cultivation of peach in Beijing. 2 Normative references
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For all referenced documents with a specified date, all amendments (excluding those with errors) or revisions to them are not applicable. However, it is recommended to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used according to the different requirements. For any referenced document without an indication of the date, the latest edition shall not be used. GB/T8321.8 Guidelines for the management and use of pesticides
DB11/T079-2005 Peach market technology DB1129] Specification for solar temperature and humidity design
DB11560 Fruit tree and wood technology
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard: 3.1
Solar greenhouse solar greenhouse
A single-slope plastic film greenhouse with a light-collecting (transmitting) roof on the south (front) side, a temperature-insulating roof on the east, middle and north (rear) sides.
Early cultivation earlycultivation
A cultivation method that makes peaches mature early under the environmental conditions created by humans. 3.3
Main branches
The permanent branches that form the tree's skeleton and fruit. 3.4
Pollination
Pollination is transmitted to the stigma through the medium of insects and humans. 3.5
Leader cutting
The first pruning of seedlings according to the requirements of the height and the length of the shaping strip. 3.6
Heading back
Cut 2: the part of the annual branches.
Thinning out
Cut the annual branches from the base.
Flower and fruit thinning
Thinning flowers and fruit
DB11/T 6082008
Remove excessive flowers and young fruits according to the growth condition of the tree and the yield requirements. 3.9
Color and lustre
The fruit of this variety should have a natural white color when ripe: 4 Environmental conditions of the production area
The environmental conditions of the production area should comply with the provisions of Article 1 of DB11/0792005. The structure and construction of solar greenhouses
The structure and construction of solar greenhouses can refer to DB11/T291. 6 Production technology
6.1 Variety selection
Choose varieties that mature early, require low cooling, have large fruits (single fruit weight of Pantao and Shantao is more than 100g, and single fruit weight of Pudi peach is more than 150g), have strong fragrance or aroma, have beautiful color, good quality, are resistant to storage and transportation, and have stable dry yield. In Beijing, Hongxia, Jinggu, Feng, Qingfeng, Beinong Liyan, Amuxi, Hong 2, Ligu, Xiao, Feng, Yuemo, Dajiubao, Ruiguang 18, Duanguang 28, Ohguang, Fanguang, Lupantao, Ruipan 13 and other varieties can be selected. 6.2 Seedling selection
You can choose reverse growth, one-year seedlings or one-year and two-year container seedlings with a large number of flower buds. The quality of the wood shall be verified according to the provisions of 11/60.
6.3 Planting technology
Conventional seedlings are fixed before the buds emerge after thawing, and the rows are fixed after the autumn leaves fall: the fruit is in the north-south direction, and the spacing between rows and plants is preferably (1.0m~1.5m)×3.0m. When the leaves are dormant, dig a trench no less than 60cm wide and deep. Plant 15kg of organic matter per plant. The depth of the leaves should be 10cm shallower than that of the open field.
6.4 Greenhouse management
6.4.1 Covering management
It is advisable to cover the leaves with plastic film and cover the leaves at 10℃ or below. Adjust the temperature to below 7℃ to achieve dormancy temperature. According to the different requirements of different varieties, cover the leaves with plastic film from December to January to raise the temperature. The temperature should be raised gradually: generally, cover the leaves with plastic film 24 hours after harvesting, and cover the leaves with plastic film 24 hours before harvesting. When the night temperature is not lower than 10℃, the leaves can be left without plastic film. When the night temperature is above 10℃, the plastic film should be removed. After harvesting, the plastic film should be covered in time. 6.4.2 Temperature and humidity management
Control the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse by taking measures such as uncovering the grass and opening and closing the vents. The suitable temperature and humidity indicators for different phenological periods are detailed in Table 1. Table 1 Suitable temperature and humidity for each phenological period of early-stage cultivation of peach trees in solar greenhouses Phenological period
Dry period
Bud period
Bud sprout
Flower period
Fruit setting period
Nuclear period
Fruit set period
Suitable air temperature (℃)
20~-22
22--25
25~-3 0
Night temperature (℃)
Ground temperature (℃)
15~-25
Air and relative humidity (%)
70·80
70~-80
Fruit ripening and harvesting
6.4.3 Light management
25~-30
10~-15
DB11/T 6082008
Use a film with good light transmittance; sweep and scrub the greenhouse; during the fruit color period, install a reflective pool film and a hanging reflective film inside the machine. 6.5 Soil, fertilizer and water management
6.5.1 Base fertilizer
Base fertilizer is decomposed organic fertilizer, which is applied in the early 9th day of the afternoon: 6m8m organic fertilizer, mixed with 25kg-40kg compound H.
6.5.2 Topdressing
Phosphorus fertilizer is the main fertilizer. For fruit growth, 0.4kg~0.6kg of nitrogen, potassium and compound fertilizer can be applied to each plant. After fruit picking, 0.3kg-0.5kg of compound fertilizer can be applied to each plant every ten days.
6.5.3 Irrigation
Water supply should be guaranteed from the beginning of the fruiting season to mid-July to promote the rapid growth of young trees. In July, soil watering should be carried out regularly to promote flowering differentiation. After entering the fruiting period, water should be irrigated once before winter and every time the fertilizer is applied: 6.6 Shaping and Pruning
6.6.1 Shaping
Generally, the tree shape with small crown, few branches and no side branches is adopted. At present, the more popular tree shapes are round and "Y" shape. 6.6.1.1 Cylindrical
Tree height is 40cm~45cm, and the tree height is 2m~-2.5m, fruiting branches grow directly on the central trunk. Key points of shaping: After planting, cut the trunk 50cm from the ground. When the length of the long shoots reaches about 50cm, select an upright strong shoot and let it grow naturally to cultivate the central stem, and select 3 evenly distributed strong shoots, leaving 25cm~30cm to cut the shoots to cultivate the first layer of shrinking fruit branches; select 3 healthy secondary shoots 40cm~~50cm away from the first layer of fruit branches on the central trunk and cut 25cm~30cm to cultivate the second layer of fruit branches; when pruning in winter, cut the central extension branches 45cm~-50cm away from the second layer of fruit branches: in the second growing season, cultivate the third, fourth, and fifth layers of fruit branches in the same way. 6.6.1.2 "" shape
T height 40cm ~ 45cm, 2 small branches on the upper part, the opening angle is 45 ° ~ 55 °, the small branches are white with small and medium-sized fruiting branches and fruiting branches, the tree height is 1.5m ~ 2m.
Main points of shaping: after planting, the height is 50cm; cut at the bottom, leave a 15cm ~ -20cm shaping belt under the cut, the branches in the belt are arranged in opposite directions, let them grow as long as possible, and remove the others before. Wait until early July to pull the new pins to make them oblique to the branch. The opposite branches are left open, and the tops are lightly pruned in early September. When pruning in winter, remove the back branches, over-rate branches, and many thin and weak branches, and each branch should have 10-15 fruiting branches. 6.6.2 Pruning
Pay special attention to pruning in summer as the main and winter as the auxiliary. Do not prune too much, and mainly use slow pruning. 6.6.2.1 Pruning during dormancy period
You can follow the winter pruning method of 11/T079 for selected trees. The difference between them and local peach trees is that the main purpose of winter pruning of facility peach trees is to make each fruit-bearing branch bear as many fruits as possible while ensuring the quality of the fruit. In winter pruning, some people do not need to consider the tree structure and the cultivation and adjustment of the fruit-bearing branches. Secondly, the pruning method used in winter pruning of greenhouse peach trees is mainly thinning branches. For medium and long fruit branches, long or light pruning is generally used. The principle of winter pruning of greenhouse peach trees is mainly thinning, supplemented by pruning, the strong ones are kept for a long time, and the weak ones are kept.
6.6.2.2 Pruning during the growing period
Except for post-harvest pruning: It is basically the same as the open field, and it is specifically implemented in accordance with DB11/079. 6.7 Flower and fruit management
6.7.1 Pollination
Pollination workers should use two methods: 1. Insect pollination, 1 to 2 boxes of bees are released in each shed during the flowering period for pollination; 2. Human pollination, use a brush to dip pollen and apply it to the top of the stem. The pollination pairs are preferably 1.19~-12 pairs. 6.7.2 Thinning flowers and fruits
DB11/T6082008
Thinning flowers should be carried out during the pedicle stage and the flowering stage. The pedicles and flowers within 5cm to 10cm of the fruit branches should be removed, and one flower bud should be left. Fruit thinning should be carried out when the diameter of the young fruit reaches 1.5cm to 2cm. One fruit should be cut for every 6 leaves in a branch. The amount of fruit cut should be twice the fixed amount of fruit in a branch. 24 pieces should be selected for long fruit branches, one fruit for a net of fruit branches, one fruit for bouquet-shaped fruit branches, and one fruit can be left for pruning fruit branches. 141: The yield of each tree is controlled at 1.5kg7.5kg, and the yield per 666.7m2 is controlled at 1500kg~2000kg. 6.7.3 Promote fruit coloring
The fruit should be pruned by hand during the coloring period, and the dense branches should be removed, and the branches close to the fruit should be removed: timely clean or wash the screen film to increase the light transmission: silver reflective film should be installed on the ground, and branches without fruit should be removed: indoor walls and two sets of reflective film should be installed to increase the temperature difference between night and day, increase the sugar content of the fruit, and promote the color of the fruit. 6.8 Harvest
6.8.1 Pre-harvest management
Follow the provisions of DB11/T079
6.8.2 Harvest
Follow the provisions of DB11/T 079 regulations
6.8.3 Post-harvest management
6.8.3.1 Post-harvest pruning
After harvesting, the fruiting branches should be pruned short to promote new fruiting branches. Generally, 2 to 3 teeth should be pruned at the base of the fruiting branches, and large fruiting branches should be removed, and 2 to 3 new branches with a length of about 30 cm should be left. After new pruning, the phenomenon of upward movement is easy to occur, which will lead to the outward movement of the fruiting part. The competing branches and overcrowded branches in the upward position should be removed in time to make the extension branches single-axis extension. 6.8.3.2 Soil, fertilizer and water management
After harvesting, compound fertilizer should be added in time and water should be irrigated. Or spray fertilizer 7 times, it can be sprayed alone or combined with spraying, the formula is 0.3% urea-0.3% potassium hydrogen phosphate: 6.9 Pest control
Try to choose microbial pesticides, plant-derived pesticides, animal-derived specific pesticides and inorganic mineral-forming pesticides. When chemical pesticides must be used, high-efficiency and low-residue pesticides should be selected: Pesticide selection can be carried out in accordance with the provisions of G/8321.8, and the prevention method should be carried out in accordance with Appendix 1 of this standard.
10月包
10月付
1月. "句~2||tt ||Work items
Winter pruning
Disease prevention and control
Water film covering
Production limit
Notes for the next year's production
Jieshi Yuchen
Disease and prevention
Pruning during the growing season
Fertilizer and watering
Auxiliary pollination
Appendix A
(Informative Appendix)
Annual management calendar for early cultivation of peach in solar greenhouse in Beijing A.1 Annual management calendar for early cultivation of peach in solar greenhouse in Beijing 6082008
In order to make the tree grow into the intended growth, the tree is pruned according to the designed shape: Old tree pruning: The key is to reduce the height of the tree (should be 20cm lower than the shed film). The pruning method is mainly to pull, drop and block branches. Although the pruning is light, it is effective to clean up the branches without flowers. For the three long fruit effects, long-term release and light short-cut are generally used.
Suopome 35Be-system agent is used to remove the red spider mites, the mountain of cooking, the small, the disease, the perforation, etc., and the source of the disease: when there are many black eggs, 5% mineral oil emulsion can be sprayed: remove the dead branches in the shed. Clean the garden layer, level it before watering, and water it thoroughly. After the pruning, it is necessary to cover the ground film shallowly and completely, and the edge of the film should be evenly buried in the soil. 5cm left stone,
fall call open the cover, control the temperature in the case at 1.5℃12.5℃, time 30d60d prepare production plan, prepare production materials and tools, root models of different varieties need to be cold and present different cases, and the curtain should be opened at 12 to 11. Ⅱ. ⅡIn the early stage, the grass can be opened intermittently to slowly increase the temperature. Generally, it is forbidden to open the curtain half an hour after the emergence, and the temperature should be increased. Before the emergence, the leaf buds are green and the flower buds are bright, and the aphids are sprayed with aphids and other prevention and control methods. After the emergence of the cellar, the excess and unreasonable new nitrate should be removed at the right time. According to the flowering period, it is necessary to inject fertilizer once, with nitrogen as the first, and cooperate with P and K fertilizers; after topdressing, water should be removed once, and Sichuan honey bee pollination and human T pollen can be used. Sichuan dense peak is passed through, 1d2d before flowering, put it in a case, "when the temperature reaches 12C: open the Sichuan peak box, move it out after flowering: artificial pollination! There is no rotten point: you can also use a feather duster "rolling pollination
light Liu flowers, six thinning out the overcrowded small flowers and buds DB11/T6082008
2nd month 4
month, 1: sentence
5":}
operation project
fertilizer and water management skills
increase application cO2
Growth cutting and pruning
Environmental control
Leaf: Hi cough fertilizer
Peach fruit makeup
Post-harvest pruning
Fertilizer and water management
After soil management
Before summer tea
Fertilizer and water management
Table A.1 (continued)
Shi Po! Work content
The final thinning is done once, only the thinning and shaping of the fruit, the small fruit, etc. are compared according to the requirements of the remaining picking quantity. After thinning the fruit, the fruit will be determined by the head. With P and K as the main ingredients, 3% potassium dinitrogen can be applied deep in the soil, or nitrogenous acid micro-fertilizers, rare earth fertilizers, plant glycosides, etc. If conditions permit, add CO2 fertilizers one hour to half an hour before the opening of the vents. After the fruit is thinned, it can be combined with thinning and shrinking or thinning slowly to separate the large fruit branches and overcrowded branches, when the new shoots are growing vigorously, and when the branches are long or short. For some new shoots with appropriate convexity, the shoots should be pulled or twisted when lignified to inhibit growth and ensure the formation of fruits. Branches. Use reflections, pick leaves, and add color to the fruit. If the temperature is right, you can leave the film on the leaves. After picking the fruit, completely remove the plastic film that covers the fruit, spray the leaves with micro-fertilizer, apply phytonutrients of various elements, and harvest in batches. Be gentle when harvesting, pick and grade, and pack the fruit.
The fruiting effect is generally short, the tree is small, the fruiting is renewed, and the fruiting leaves are fertilized.\, apply 3000kg of high-quality fertilizer and 50kg of fertilizer to promote growth. After application, water should be discharged.
Three spellings, prevent weeds: watering and waterlogging, spray fire and control 3 and prevent and control moths, snakes, Sichuan zinc and other prevention and control of peach leaf perforation diseases, etc. When the new shoots grow to 30cm, the new shoots with a relatively large space should be dripped. Remember to use soft fertilizers to fully utilize the air: remove overcrowding, and set the standard for 20cm support. When the new shoots are long, the vertical effect of thinning or intense thinning is strong. For some positions and angles of vigorous new shoots, the growth of the new shoots should be inhibited before lignification or before the lignification, to ensure that the branches are formed.
Spray P, K fertilizer or plant glycoside nutrients during the flower bud differentiation period. Secondary fertilizer after the autumnal equinox: mainly with anus, name
Pear heartworm
Mulberry "lizard shell industry
Mountain orange red spider Zhu
Peach moth
Peach Jiusong Daniu
Appendix B
(Informative Appendix)
Beijing area peach solar greenhouse early cultivation promotion disease and insect pest integrated control Table B.1 Beijing area peach solar greenhouse early cultivation promotion disease and insect pest integrated control spray control you
Fruit rate reaches 0.5%--1%|| 1m fruit branch has 1~5 eggs overwintering in groups. 23-year-old branches have 3 adults per 10cm and 15~20 eggs per group. 2. In summer, there are 1-2 overwintering adults on the branches. Eggs are laid at 3:1 (or 2 eggs per leaf on average). Prevention and treatment methods: DB11/T 6082008
In mid-August, lure the overwintering larvae on the trunks, burn them in batches; from April to June, cut off the damaged branches of the tree and burn them in batches; use vinegar, black light, and sex attractants to kill the adults; spray 20% chloranthate suspension at 8,000 to 10,000 μg/ml, or 25% chloranthate suspension at 300 μg/ml, or 25% chloranthate suspension at 700 μg/ml, or 25% chloranthate suspension at 700 μg/ml, or 25% chloranthate suspension at 3 ... Floating agent 1000~1500 Spray 5% mineral oil emulsion during dormancy:
Lan Changchang 10% Chongxi daily wet powder 5000 times: 40% Yunhuoduo Ruhu 1000~-1500 times: 51: Scrape off the bark of the tree: Apply: 25% Huoxiaotu No. 3 floating agent, apply once every 10 days:
12 generations If the chemical is less and the pesticide is sprayed, 25% Fuling! Powder 1500 2000 times: Apply 200-300 pieces of 99.1% Tetrachloroethylene emulsion at the peak of eclosion. Before the female mites hibernate, tie the grass to the branches and lure them. In early spring, spray 5Be lime sulfur mixture on the surface of the mountain to prevent burning; spray 0.5Be lime sulfur mixture on the surface of the mountain to prevent egg and nucleus from spawning; spray 0.3Be sulfur-free agent during the period of bamboo shoots. Repeat the season with 1% avermectin EC 5000 times; 5% Solan EC 2000 times: 15% Chengling EC 3000 times;
Winter Jiepi, fire-extinguishing wintering Ying; from the beginning of the small, before the flowering, 25% Huo Na Yuan No. 3 spot suspension agent 1200 times spray
6" Sichuan Chenghua appearance period, people "recommend: people dig out young and: tree white coating to prevent egg laying. DB11/T 6082008
Peach brown waist disease
Peach anthracnose
Peach piercing disease
Peach disease suppression
Quality and drug control indicators
300~~500 fruits 1 minus
300500 Namo and new files
-a disease
300~500 new files per report
300500 fruits per lesion
Table B.1 (continued)
Micro-good summer pruning, change to ordinary wind light strips; prevent Shanghai Method
65% mancozeb powder 500: 50% carbendazim 1000 times, 75% carbendazim powder 800-1000 times: 75% bacterium chloride powder 800, spray at 4, 5, 6 and 7; 70% oral bacterium chloride powder 1000 times: 75% chrysanthemum wettable powder 800 times spray 3Be5Be stone energy platform agent:
Spray once from the first layer to 20d~30d before fruit harvest 15d20d: 65% mancozeb wettable powder 500 times.
Two weeks after the flowers fall, spray 15d after the first spray: 65% mancozeb zinc wettable powder 600~800 times: 0.5:1:100 acid right ash liquid,
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