This specification is formulated to unify the standards of urban pedestrian overpasses and pedestrian tunnels and make the projects applicable, safe, economical and beautiful. This specification applies to the design and construction of overpasses or tunnels that cross or pass under roads in cities. Overpasses and tunnels in suburban roads, factories, mines and residential areas can be used as a reference. CJJ 69-1995 Technical Specifications for Urban Pedestrian Overpasses and Pedestrian Underpasses CJJ69-1995 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Technical Specifications of Urban Pedestrian Overcrossing and UnderpassCJJ69—95
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Announcement on Partial Revision of Engineering Construction Standard
No. 18
Industry Standard "Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings" CJJ69—95 has been partially revised by Beijing Municipal Engineering Design Institute in conjunction with relevant units. It has been reviewed by relevant departments and the partially revised provisions are now approved for implementation from January 15, 1999. The provisions of the corresponding provisions in the specification will be abolished at the same time. This is hereby announced. Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China
December 23, 1999
Engineering Construction Standards Full-text Information System
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Engineering Construction Standards Full-text Information System
Industry Standards of the People's Republic of China
Technical Specifications of Urban Pedestrian Overcrossing and Pedestrian Underpass UnderpassCJJ69—95
Editor: Beijing Municipal Engineering Research Institute Approval Department: Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China Effective Date: September 1, 1996
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Notice on the Release of Industry Standard
"Technical Specifications for Urban Pedestrian Overpasses and Pedestrian Underpasses" Construction Standard [[1996] No. 144
According to the requirements of the Ministry of Construction's Construction Standard [1990] No. 407, the "Technical Specifications for Urban Pedestrian Overpasses and Pedestrian Underpasses" edited by Beijing Municipal Engineering Research Institute has been reviewed and approved as an industry standard with the number CJJ6995, which will be implemented from September 1, 1996. This standard is managed by Beijing Municipal Design Institute, the Ministry of Construction's urban road and bridge standard technology unit, and the specific interpretation and other work are the responsibility of the editorial unit. It is organized and published by the Standard and Quota Research Institute of the Ministry of Construction. Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China
March 14, 1996
Engineering Construction Standards Full-text Information System
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Engineering Construction Standards Full-text Information System
General Principles·
General Provisions·
2.1 Design Capacity
2.2 Clear Width
3 Clear Height
2.4 Design Principles
2.5 Structural Requirements
2.6 Ancillary Facilities
3 Overpass design
Architectural design
Structural selection
Stairs (ramp) and platforms
Lighting·
Structural design
Foundation and foundation
Waterproofing and drainage
Tunnel design
Architectural design
Structural selection
Stairs (ramp) and platforms and entrances and exits
Lighting and ventilation
Reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete structure foundation and foundation
4.8 Waterproofing and drainage Water
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
General Provisions
Foundation Engineering
Component Manufacturing
Transportation and Hoisting
Ancillary Engineering
Appendix A
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This specification is used for Term description
Additional description
Engineering 6 Construction Standard Full Text Information System
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Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
1 General
1.0.1 In order to unify the standards of urban pedestrian overpasses and pedestrian underpasses (hereinafter referred to as "overpasses" and "underpasses"), so that the projects are applicable, safe, economical and beautiful, this specification is formulated.
This specification applies to the design and construction of overpasses or underpasses that cross or pass under roads in cities. Overpasses and underpasses in suburban roads, factories, mines and residential areas can be used as a reference. 1.0.3 The design and construction of overpasses and underpasses shall meet the following requirements: 1.0.3.1 The design of overpasses and underpasses shall meet the requirements of urban planning and layout, and shall be selected based on the project environment and the overall traffic function. 1.0.3.2
Starting from the actual situation and taking local conditions into consideration, new structures, new processes and new technologies should be actively adopted.
Qualitative requirements.
The structure should meet the requirements of strength, rigidity and stability during transportation, installation and use. The structural design should be considered in a coordinated manner with the construction process, and it is advisable to adopt factory-prefabricated assembled structures.
5 The decoration standards should be determined based on the principle of combining applicability, economy and beauty. 1.0.3.5
It should meet the safety requirements of fire prevention, electrical protection, corrosion resistance and earthquake resistance. 1.0.3.7
The adverse effects of structural vibration on pedestrian comfort and sense of security should be limited. 1.0.3.8
When selecting construction technology and formulating construction organization plans, the principle of less disturbance to the public and less impact on normal traffic should be followed to ensure safe, civilized and rapid construction. 1.0.4 The design and construction of overpasses and tunnels shall comply with the provisions of the current relevant national standards and specifications in addition to complying with this specification in terms of fire prevention, explosion prevention, electrical protection, corrosion prevention, etc.
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
General Provisions
2.1 Design Capacity
The design capacity of overpasses and tunnels shall comply with the provisions of Table 2.1.1: Design Capacity of Overpasses and Tunnels
Design Capacity
Overpasses and Tunnels
[P/ (h·m)]
Note: P/ (h·m) means person/(hour·meter), the same below. Table 2.1.1
Overpasses and tunnels in front of stations and docks
[P/ (hm)]
2 The reduction coefficient of the design capacity of overpasses and tunnels shall comply with the following provisions: 2.1.2
2.1.2.1 The reduction coefficient for the design capacity of overpasses (tunnels) in city-wide stations, docks, shopping malls, theaters, cinemas, gymnasiums (fields), parks, exhibition halls and city center areas with concentrated pedestrians is 0.75. 2.1.2.2 The reduction coefficient for the design capacity of overpasses (tunnels) in large shopping malls, stores, public cultural centers and district centers with a large number of pedestrians is 0.8. 2.1.2.3 The reduction coefficient for the design capacity of overpasses (tunnels) in regional cultural centers with a large number of pedestrians is 0.85.
2.2 Clear Width
2.2.1 The clear width of the passage of the overpass and the underpass shall comply with the following provisions: 2.2.1.1 The clear width of the passage of the overpass and the underpass shall be calculated based on the peak hourly passenger flow and the designed traffic capacity within the design life.
The clear width of the overpass deck should not be less than 3m, and the clear width of the underpass should not be less than 3.75m.
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Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
2.2.2 The sum of the clear widths of the stairs or ramps at each end of the overpass and the underpass shall be greater than 1.2 times the clear width of the bridge deck (underpass). The minimum clear width of the stairs (ramp) is 1.8m. 2.2.3 When considering the passage of bicycles and carts, the width of a cart lane is calculated as 1m, and the net width of the overpass or tunnel is calculated according to the bicycle flow rate to increase the net width of the passage. The minimum net width of the ladder (ramp) is 2m.
2.2.4 Considering the ladder for pushing bicycles, the ladder with ramp should be arranged. The width of a ramp should not be less than 0.4m, and the position of the ramp should be set according to the convenience of the cart flow. 2.3 Clear height
2.3.1 The clear height under the overpass shall comply with the following provisions: 2.3.1.1 When the underside of the overpass is a motor vehicle lane, the minimum clear height is 4.5m, and when the tram is running, the minimum clear height is 5.0m.
2.3.1.2 The clear height under the overpass across the railway shall comply with the provisions of the current national standard "Standard Gauge Railway Construction Limits".
2.3.1.3 When there is a non-motorized vehicle lane under the flyover, the minimum clear height is 3.5m. If ordinary cars exiting from buildings on both sides of the road need to pass through the non-motorized vehicle lane under the bridge, the minimum clear height is 4.0m.
2.3.1.4 When there is a pedestrian walkway under a flyover, stairway or ramp, the clear height is 2.5m and the minimum clear height is 2.3m.
5 When considering that the road surface elevation may be raised due to road maintenance or reconstruction, the clear height should be appropriately raised.
2.3.2 The minimum clear height of the tunnel shall comply with the following provisions: 2.3.2.1 The minimum clear height of the tunnel passage is 2.5m. 2.3.2.2 The minimum vertical clear height of the middle position of the steps of the tunnel stairway is 2.4m, and the minimum vertical clear height of the ramp is 2.5m, with a maximum of 2.2m. 2.3.3 The clear height of the bridge deck of the flyover shall comply with the following provisions: 2.3.3.1 The minimum clear height is 2.5m.
2.3.3.2 The minimum vertical distance between the overhead cables of all levels and the surface of the flyover, stairway (ramp) shall comply with the provisions of Table 2.3.3.
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Minimum vertical distance between overpasses, stairs, ramps and power lines of various voltages Table 2.3.3
Line voltage
Vertical distance
Residential area
Non-residential area
1 and below
Distribution line
Transmission line
60~110
2.4 Design principles
154~220
2.4.1 The design layout of overpasses and underpasses should be combined with the urban road network planning, adapt to the needs of traffic, and consider the changes in pedestrian traffic in the nearby area caused by them, and make comprehensive planning and design for the pedestrian traffic after such changes. Overpasses or underpasses can be set up when the following situations occur. The motor vehicle traffic volume should be calculated according to the equivalent car traffic volume per hour (vehicles/hour, i.e. pcu/h). 2.4.1.1 The total flow of people entering the intersection reaches 18,000 P/h, or the flow of people crossing the road at one entrance of the intersection exceeds 5,000 P/h, and the equivalent volume of automobile traffic in both directions at one entrance or section of the intersection exceeds 1,200 pcu/h. 2.4.1.2 When the total flow of people entering the roundabout reaches 18,000 p/h, and the equivalent volume of automobile traffic entering the roundabout reaches 2,000 pcu/h. 2.4.1.3 When pedestrians cross the closed roads, expressways or motor vehicle lanes in the urban area with a width greater than 25m, one can be installed every 300 to 400m. 2.4.1.4 When the intersection of railway and urban road blocks the flow of people due to a train passing through once and the flow of people exceeds 1,000 or the closing time of the intersection exceeds 15 minutes. 2.4.1.5 The two-way equivalent automobile traffic volume on the road section reaches 1200pcu/h, or the number of pedestrians crossing the street exceeds 5000pcu/h.
2.4.1.6 Special crossing facilities can be set up if there are special needs. 2.4.1.7
Dangerous places.
Complex intersections, complex driving directions of motor vehicles, and obvious 2.4.2 The selection of overpasses or tunnels should be based on urban road planning, combined with factors such as above-ground and underground pipes, the current status of municipal public facilities, the surrounding environment, project investment, and maintenance conditions after completion. Tunnel solutions should be considered in earthquake-prone areas. 2.4.3 The planning of overpasses and underpasses should be based on the planned flow of people and their main flow direction. When considering bicycles crossing overpasses and underpasses, traffic management measures should be taken according to the flow and direction of bicycles and local conditions to ensure pedestrian traffic safety and traffic continuity. And make an overall layout that is conducive to the gradual formation of a pedestrian system. 2.4.4 The layout of overpasses and underpasses at intersections should be considered from the perspectives of overall intersection traffic and architectural art to achieve the greatest comprehensive benefit. 2.4.5 The setting of overpasses and underpasses should be combined with public vehicle stations, and corresponding traffic management measures should be taken. Traffic guardrails, traffic islands, various traffic signs, markings, traffic lights and other facilities should be arranged near overpasses and underpasses. 2.4.6 The layout of overpasses and underpasses should not only help improve the safety of pedestrians crossing the street, but also improve the traffic capacity of motor vehicle lanes. The ground staircase should not occupy the space of the pedestrian walkway. In special difficult places, the pedestrian walkway should be at least 1.5m wide and should be combined with the entrances and exits of nearby large public buildings, and a space for the gathering and distribution of people should be left at the entrances and exits. 2.4.7 The design of overpasses and tunnels should create conditions for civilized and rapid construction. It is advisable to adopt prefabricated assembly structures. When it is necessary to maintain normal ground traffic, the tunnel should avoid large excavation construction methods.
3 The architectural art of the overpass should be coordinated with the surrounding architectural landscape. The shape of the main structure should be simple, bright and transparent. It should not be overly decorated except for special needs. 2.4.9 Overpasses and tunnels can be directly connected to large-scale crowd gathering and distribution points such as shopping malls, cultural and sports venues (halls), subway stations, etc. to play the role of diverting people. 2.5 Structural requirements
2.5.1 The structure of overpasses and tunnels should meet the following requirements: 2.5.1.1 The structure should have the specified strength, rigidity, stability and durability during manufacturing, transportation, installation and use. 2.5.1.2 Additional stress and local stress of the structure should be reduced from the perspective of design and construction technology.
2.5.1.3 The structural form should be convenient for manufacturing, transportation, installation, construction and maintenance. Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
2.5.2 The maximum vertical deflection of the upper structure of the overpass calculated by the crowd load should not exceed the following allowable values:
Mid-span of beam-slab main beam
Cantilever end of beam-slab main beam
Frame, arch
Li/300
Note: L is the calculated span and L is the cantilever length. 2.5.3 The main beam structure of the overpass should be set with a pre-camber, the value of which is the vertical deflection caused by the structural gravity and the crowd load, and should be made into a smooth curve. When the downward deflection caused by the structural gravity and the crowd load does not exceed 1/1600 of the span, the pre-camber may not be set. 2.5.4 To avoid resonance and reduce pedestrians' sense of insecurity, the vertical natural frequency of the upper structure of the overpass should not be less than 3Hz.
2.5.5 The paving of overpasses, tunnels and ladders (slopes) should meet the requirements of flatness, anti-skid, drainage, noiselessness and easy maintenance.
2.5.6 The overpass structure should be equipped with expansion devices as needed to meet the needs of linear displacement and angular displacement of the structure end. The expansion device should be of water-stop type. 2.5.7 The maximum deflection of the tunnel structure calculated by automobile load (ignoring impact force) should not exceed L/600.
Note: When checking the load with a flatbed trailer or tracked vehicle, the above-mentioned allowable elongation can be increased by 20%. 2.5.8 Settlement joints and deformation joints should be set for the tunnel structure according to the geological conditions and the structural force requirements. Water-stop design should be made for settlement joints, deformation joints and construction joints. Waterproof measures such as waterstop strips should be taken.
2.5.9 Enclosed overpasses and tunnels should have ventilation, drainage and protection measures as needed. 2.6 Ancillary facilities
2.6.1 Overpasses must have traffic signs with height limits under the bridge, and should meet the following requirements: 2.6.1.1 Height limit signs should be placed in a conspicuous position that is easiest for drivers and pedestrians to see and accurately read.
2.6.1.2 The height limit of the height limit sign should be determined based on factors such as the clear height under the bridge, the types of vehicles passing through the local area, and the crossing conditions. The number of height limit signs under the overpass should be 0.5m less than the designed clear height.
Engineering 6 Construction Standards Full Text Information System
TKAONTKAca-1. The design and layout of overpasses and underpasses shall be combined with the planning of the urban road network, meet the needs of traffic, and take into account the changes in pedestrian traffic in the vicinity caused by them, and make a comprehensive planning and design for the pedestrian traffic after such changes. Overpasses or underpasses may be set up in the following cases. The motor vehicle traffic volume shall be calculated based on the equivalent car traffic volume per hour (pcu/h). 2.4.1.1 The total flow of people entering the intersection reaches 18,000 pcu/h, or the flow of people crossing the road at one entrance of the intersection exceeds 5,000 pcu/h, and at the same time, the two-way equivalent car traffic volume at one entrance or section of the intersection exceeds 1,200 pcu/h. 2.4.1.2 When the total flow of people entering the roundabout reaches 18,000 pcu/h, and at the same time, the equivalent car traffic volume entering the roundabout reaches 2,000 pcu/h. 2.4.1.3 When pedestrians cross a closed urban road or a fast road or a motor vehicle lane with a width greater than 25m, a pedestrian crossing can be installed every 300-400m. 2.4.1.4 When the intersection of railway and urban road blocks the flow of people by more than 1,000 people at a time due to a train passing through or the crossing is closed for more than 15 minutes. 2.4.1.5 When the two-way equivalent automobile traffic volume on the road section reaches 1,200pcu/h, or the number of pedestrians crossing the street exceeds 5,000p/h.
2.4.1.6 Special crossing facilities can be installed if there is a special need. 2.4.1.7
Dangerous places.
Complex intersections, complex directions of motor vehicles, and obvious obstacles to pedestrians. 2.4.2 The selection of overpasses or underpasses should be based on urban road planning, combined with factors such as above-ground and underground pipes, the current status of municipal public facilities, the surrounding environment, project investment, and maintenance conditions after completion. Tunnel solutions should be considered in earthquake-prone areas. 2.4.3 The planning of overpasses and underpasses should be based on the planned flow of people and their main flow direction. When considering bicycles passing overpasses and underpasses, traffic management measures should be taken according to the flow and direction of bicycles, and local conditions should be taken to ensure pedestrian traffic safety and traffic continuity. And make an overall layout that is conducive to the gradual formation of a pedestrian system. 2.4.4 The layout of overpasses and underpasses at intersections should be considered from the perspectives of overall traffic at intersections and architectural art, so as to achieve the greatest comprehensive benefits. 2.4.5 The setting of overpasses and tunnels should be combined with public vehicle stations, and corresponding traffic management measures should be taken. Traffic guardrails, traffic islands, various traffic signs, markings, traffic lights and other facilities should be arranged near overpasses and tunnels. 2.4.6 The layout of overpasses and tunnels should not only help improve the safety of pedestrians crossing the street, but also improve the traffic capacity of motor vehicle lanes. The ground staircase should not occupy the space of the pedestrian walkway. In special difficult places, the pedestrian walkway should be at least 1.5m wide and should be combined with the entrances and exits of nearby large public buildings, and a space for gathering and dispersing people should be left at the entrances and exits. 2.4.7 The design of overpasses and tunnels should create conditions for civilized and rapid construction. It is advisable to use prefabricated assembly structures. When it is necessary to maintain normal ground traffic, the tunnel should avoid large excavation construction methods.
3 The architectural art of the overpass should be coordinated with the surrounding architectural landscape. The shape of the main structure should be simple, bright and transparent. It is not advisable to decorate too much except for special needs. 2.4.9 Overpasses and tunnels can be directly connected to large-scale crowd gathering and distribution points such as shopping malls, cultural and sports venues (halls), subway stations, etc. to play the role of guiding the flow of people. 2.5 Structural requirements
2.5.1 The structure of overpasses and tunnels shall meet the following requirements: 2.5.1.1 The structure shall have the specified strength, rigidity, stability and durability during the manufacturing, transportation, installation and use. 2.5.1.2 The additional stress and local stress of the structure shall be reduced from the perspective of design and construction technology.
2.5.1.3 The structural form shall be convenient for manufacturing, transportation, installation, construction and maintenance. Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
2.5.2 The maximum vertical deflection of the overpass superstructure calculated by the crowd load shall not exceed the following allowable values:
Mid-span of beam-slab main beam
Cantilever end of beam-slab main beam
Frame, arch
Li/300
Note: L is the calculated span, and L is the cantilever length. 2.5.3 The overpass main beam structure shall be provided with a pre-camber, the value of which shall be the vertical deflection caused by the structural gravity and the crowd load, and shall be made into a smooth curve. When the downward deflection caused by the structural gravity and the crowd load does not exceed 1/1600 of the span, the pre-camber may not be provided. 2.5.4 In order to avoid resonance and reduce pedestrians' sense of insecurity, the vertical natural frequency of the overpass superstructure shall not be less than 3Hz.
2.5.5 The paving of overpasses, tunnels and ladders (slopes) should meet the requirements of flatness, anti-skid, drainage, noiselessness and easy maintenance.
2.5.6 Overpass structures should be equipped with expansion devices as needed to meet the needs of linear and angular displacement of the structure ends. The expansion devices should be water-stopping. 2.5.7 For tunnel structures, the maximum deflection calculated by automobile load (excluding impact force) should not exceed L/600.
Note: When verifying the load with a flatbed trailer or tracked vehicle, the above-mentioned allowable deflection can be increased by 20%. 2.5.8 Settlement joints and deformation joints should be set for tunnel structures according to geological conditions and structural stress requirements. Water-stop design should be made for settlement joints, deformation joints and construction joints. Waterproof measures such as waterstop strips should be taken.
2.5.9 Enclosed overpasses and tunnels should have ventilation, drainage and protection measures as needed. 2.6 Ancillary facilities
2.6.1 Overpasses must have height limit traffic signs under the bridge, and should meet the following requirements: 2.6.1.1 Height limit signs should be placed in a conspicuous position where drivers and pedestrians can easily see and accurately read them.
2.6.1.2 The height limit of the height limit sign should be determined based on factors such as the clear height under the bridge, the types of vehicles passing through the local area, and the crossing conditions. The number of height limit signs under the overpass should be 0.5m less than the designed clear height.
Engineering 6 Construction Standards Full Text Information System
TKAONTKAca-1. The design and layout of overpasses and underpasses shall be combined with the planning of the urban road network, meet the needs of traffic, and take into account the changes in pedestrian traffic in the vicinity caused by them, and make a comprehensive planning and design for the pedestrian traffic after such changes. Overpasses or underpasses may be set up in the following cases. The motor vehicle traffic volume shall be calculated based on the equivalent car traffic volume per hour (pcu/h). 2.4.1.1 The total flow of people entering the intersection reaches 18,000 pcu/h, or the flow of people crossing the road at one entrance of the intersection exceeds 5,000 pcu/h, and at the same time, the two-way equivalent car traffic volume at one entrance or section of the intersection exceeds 1,200 pcu/h. 2.4.1.2 When the total flow of people entering the roundabout reaches 18,000 pcu/h, and at the same time, the equivalent car traffic volume entering the roundabout reaches 2,000 pcu/h. 2.4.1.3 When pedestrians cross a closed urban road or a fast road or a motor vehicle lane with a width greater than 25m, a pedestrian crossing can be installed every 300-400m. 2.4.1.4 When the intersection of railway and urban road blocks the flow of people by more than 1,000 people at a time due to a train passing through or the crossing is closed for more than 15 minutes. 2.4.1.5 When the two-way equivalent automobile traffic volume on the road section reaches 1,200pcu/h, or the number of pedestrians crossing the street exceeds 5,000p/h. www.bzxz.net
2.4.1.6 Special crossing facilities can be installed if there is a special need. 2.4.1.7
Dangerous places.
Complex intersections, complex directions of motor vehicles, and obvious obstacles to pedestrians. 2.4.2 The selection of overpasses or underpasses should be based on urban road planning, combined with factors such as above-ground and underground pipes, the current status of municipal public facilities, the surrounding environment, project investment, and maintenance conditions after completion. Tunnel solutions should be considered in earthquake-prone areas. 2.4.3 The planning of overpasses and underpasses should be based on the planned flow of people and their main flow direction. When considering bicycles passing overpasses and underpasses, traffic management measures should be taken according to the flow and direction of bicycles, and local conditions should be taken to ensure pedestrian traffic safety and traffic continuity. And make an overall layout that is conducive to the gradual formation of a pedestrian system. 2.4.4 The layout of overpasses and underpasses at intersections should be considered from the perspectives of overall traffic at intersections and architectural art, so as to achieve the greatest comprehensive benefits. 2.4.5 The setting of overpasses and tunnels should be combined with public vehicle stations, and corresponding traffic management measures should be taken. Traffic guardrails, traffic islands, various traffic signs, markings, traffic lights and other facilities should be arranged near overpasses and tunnels. 2.4.6 The layout of overpasses and tunnels should not only help improve the safety of pedestrians crossing the street, but also improve the traffic capacity of motor vehicle lanes. The ground staircase should not occupy the space of the pedestrian walkway. In special difficult places, the pedestrian walkway should be at least 1.5m wide and should be combined with the entrances and exits of nearby large public buildings, and a space for gathering and dispersing people should be left at the entrances and exits. 2.4.7 The design of overpasses and tunnels should create conditions for civilized and rapid construction. It is advisable to use prefabricated assembly structures. When it is necessary to maintain normal ground traffic, the tunnel should avoid large excavation construction methods.
3 The architectural art of the overpass should be coordinated with the surrounding architectural landscape. The shape of the main structure should be simple, bright and transparent. It is not advisable to decorate too much except for special needs. 2.4.9 Overpasses and tunnels can be directly connected to large-scale crowd gathering and distribution points such as shopping malls, cultural and sports venues (halls), subway stations, etc. to play the role of guiding the flow of people. 2.5 Structural requirements
2.5.1 The structure of overpasses and tunnels shall meet the following requirements: 2.5.1.1 The structure shall have the specified strength, rigidity, stability and durability during the manufacturing, transportation, installation and use. 2.5.1.2 The additional stress and local stress of the structure shall be reduced from the perspective of design and construction technology.
2.5.1.3 The structural form shall be convenient for manufacturing, transportation, installation, construction and maintenance. Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
2.5.2 The maximum vertical deflection of the overpass superstructure calculated by the crowd load shall not exceed the following allowable values:
Mid-span of beam-slab main beam
Cantilever end of beam-slab main beam
Frame, arch
Li/300
Note: L is the calculated span, and L is the cantilever length. 2.5.3 The overpass main beam structure shall be provided with a pre-camber, the value of which shall be the vertical deflection caused by the structural gravity and the crowd load, and shall be made into a smooth curve. When the downward deflection caused by the structural gravity and the crowd load does not exceed 1/1600 of the span, the pre-camber may not be provided. 2.5.4 In order to avoid resonance and reduce pedestrians' sense of insecurity, the vertical natural frequency of the overpass superstructure shall not be less than 3Hz.
2.5.5 The paving of overpasses, tunnels and ladders (slopes) should meet the requirements of flatness, anti-skid, drainage, noiselessness and easy maintenance.
2.5.6 Overpass structures should be equipped with expansion devices as needed to meet the needs of linear and angular displacement of the structure ends. The expansion devices should be water-stopping. 2.5.7 For tunnel structures, the maximum deflection calculated by automobile load (excluding impact force) should not exceed L/600.
Note: When verifying the load with a flatbed trailer or tracked vehicle, the above-mentioned allowable deflection can be increased by 20%. 2.5.8 Settlement joints and deformation joints should be set for tunnel structures according to geological conditions and structural stress requirements. Water-stop design should be made for settlement joints, deformation joints and construction joints. Waterproof measures such as waterstop strips should be taken.
2.5.9 Enclosed overpasses and tunnels should have ventilation, drainage and protection measures as needed. 2.6 Ancillary facilities
2.6.1 Overpasses must have height limit traffic signs under the bridge, and should meet the following requirements: 2.6.1.1 Height limit signs should be placed in a conspicuous position where drivers and pedestrians can easily see and accurately read them.
2.6.1.2 The height limit of the height limit sign should be determined based on factors such as the clear height under the bridge, the types of vehicles passing through the local area, and the crossing conditions. The number of height limit signs under the overpass should be 0.5m less than the designed clear height.
Engineering 6 Construction Standards Full Text Information System
TKAONTKAca-7 The design of overpasses and tunnels should create conditions for civilized and rapid construction. Prefabricated assembly structures should be used. When it is necessary to maintain normal ground traffic, tunnels should avoid large excavation construction methods.
3 The architectural art of overpasses should be coordinated with the surrounding architectural landscape. The shape of the main structure should be simple, clear and transparent. It should not be overly decorated except for special needs. 2.4.9 Overpasses and tunnels can be directly connected to large-scale crowd gathering points such as shopping malls, cultural and sports venues (halls), subway stations, etc. to play the role of diverting crowds. 2.5 Structural requirements
2.5.1 The structure of overpasses and tunnels should meet the following requirements: 2.5.1.1 The structure should have the specified strength, rigidity, stability and durability during manufacturing, transportation, installation and use. 2.5.1.2 The additional stress and local stress of the structure should be reduced from the design and construction process.
2.5.1.3 The structural form should be convenient for manufacturing, transportation, installation, construction and maintenance. Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
2.5.2 The maximum vertical deflection of the overpass superstructure calculated by the crowd load shall not exceed the following allowable values:
Mid-span of beam-slab main beam
Cantilever end of beam-slab main beam
Frame, arch
Li/300
Note: L is the calculated span, and L is the cantilever length. 2.5.3 The overpass main beam structure shall be provided with a pre-camber, the value of which shall be the vertical deflection caused by the structural gravity and the crowd load, and shall be made into a smooth curve. When the downward deflection caused by the structural gravity and the crowd load does not exceed 1/1600 of the span, the pre-camber may not be provided. 2.5.4 In order to avoid resonance and reduce pedestrians' sense of insecurity, the vertical natural frequency of the overpass superstructure shall not be less than 3Hz.
2.5.5 The paving of overpasses, tunnels and ladders (slopes) should meet the requirements of flatness, anti-skid, drainage, noiselessness and easy maintenance.
2.5.6 Overpass structures should be equipped with expansion devices as needed to meet the needs of linear and angular displacement of the structure ends. The expansion devices should be water-stopping. 2.5.7 For tunnel structures, the maximum deflection calculated by automobile load (excluding impact force) should not exceed L/600.
Note: When verifying the load with a flatbed trailer or tracked vehicle, the above-mentioned allowable deflection can be increased by 20%. 2.5.8 Settlement joints and deformation joints should be set for tunnel structures according to geological conditions and structural stress requirements. Water-stop design should be made for settlement joints, deformation joints and construction joints. Waterproof measures such as waterstop strips should be taken.
2.5.9 Enclosed overpasses and tunnels should have ventilation, drainage and protection measures as needed. 2.6 Ancillary facilities
2.6.1 Overpasses must have height limit traffic signs under the bridge, and should meet the following requirements: 2.6.1.1 Height limit signs should be placed in a conspicuous position where drivers and pedestrians can easily see and accurately read them.
2.6.1.2 The height limit of the height limit sign should be determined based on factors such as the clear height under the bridge, the types of vehicles passing through the local area, and the crossing conditions. The number of height limit signs under the overpass should be 0.5m less than the designed clear height.
Engineering 6 Construction Standards Full Text Information System
TKAONTKAca-7 The design of overpasses and tunnels should create conditions for civilized and rapid construction. Prefabricated assembly structures should be used. When it is necessary to maintain normal ground traffic, tunnels should avoid large excavation construction methods.
3 The architectural art of overpasses should be coordinated with the surrounding architectural landscape. The shape of the main structure should be simple, clear and transparent. It should not be overly decorated except for special needs. 2.4.9 Overpasses and tunnels can be directly connected to large-scale crowd gathering points such as shopping malls, cultural and sports venues (halls), subway stations, etc. to play the role of diverting crowds. 2.5 Structural requirements
2.5.1 The structure of overpasses and tunnels should meet the following requirements: 2.5.1.1 The structure should have the specified strength, rigidity, stability and durability during manufacturing, transportation, installation and use. 2.5.1.2 The additional stress and local stress of the structure should be reduced from the design and construction process.
2.5.1.3 The structural form should be convenient for manufacturing, transportation, installation, construction and maintenance. Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
2.5.2 The maximum vertical deflection of the overpass superstructure calculated by the crowd load shall not exceed the following allowable values:
Mid-span of beam-slab main beam
Cantilever end of beam-slab main beam
Frame, arch
Li/300
Note: L is the calculated span, and L is the cantilever length. 2.5.3 The overpass main beam structure shall be provided with a pre-camber, the value of which shall be the vertical deflection caused by the structural gravity and the crowd load, and shall be made into a smooth curve. When the downward deflection caused by the structural gravity and the crowd load does not exceed 1/1600 of the span, the pre-camber may not be provided. 2.5.4 In order to avoid resonance and reduce pedestrians' sense of insecurity, the vertical natural frequency of the overpass superstructure shall not be less than 3Hz.
2.5.5 The paving of overpasses, tunnels and ladders (slopes) should meet the requirements of flatness, anti-skid, drainage, noiselessness and easy maintenance.
2.5.6 Overpass structures should be equipped with expansion devices as needed to meet the needs of linear and angular displacement of the structure ends. The expansion devices should be water-stopping. 2.5.7 For tunnel structures, the maximum deflection calculated by automobile load (excluding impact force) should not exceed L/600.
Note: When verifying the load with a flatbed trailer or tracked vehicle, the above-mentioned allowable deflection can be increased by 20%. 2.5.8 Settlement joints and deformation joints should be set for tunnel structures according to geological conditions and structural stress requirements. Water-stop design should be made for settlement joints, deformation joints and construction joints. Waterproof measures such as waterstop strips should be taken.
2.5.9 Enclosed overpasses and tunnels should have ventilation, drainage and protection measures as needed. 2.6 Ancillary facilities
2.6.1 Overpasses must have height limit traffic signs under the bridge, and should meet the following requirements: 2.6.1.1 Height limit signs should be placed in a conspicuous position where drivers and pedestrians can easily see and accurately read them.
2.6.1.2 The height limit of the height limit sign should be determined based on factors such as the clear height under the bridge, the types of vehicles passing through the local area, and the crossing conditions. The number of height limit signs under the overpass should be 0.5m less than the designed clear height.
Engineering 6 Construction Standards Full Text Information System
TKAONTKAca-
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