Some standard content:
Mechanical Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
JB/T6279.3-1992
Disc harrow
Published on June 10, 1992
Test method
Implementation on July 1, 1993
Published by the Ministry of Machinery and Electronics Industry of the People's Republic of China
Mechanical Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Disc harrow
1 Subject content and scope of application
Test method
This standard specifies the field performance test and production test methods of dryland disc targets matched with tractors. This standard is applicable to dryland disc targets matched with tractors. 2 Performance test
2.1 PurposebZxz.net
JB/T6279.31992
Through performance tests, evaluate whether the operating quality of the disc target meets the local agricultural technical requirements, and assess whether its performance meets the design requirements.
2.2 Preparation before the test
2.2.1 Documents that the test prototype should have
The test prototype should have a quality certificate, instruction manual, test outline, technical task book, drawings and other necessary technical documents. 2.2.2 The prototype should be technically measured before the test, and used, adjusted and maintained in accordance with the provisions of the instruction manual. 2.2.3 The technical condition of the tractor should be good. 2.2.4 Before the test, various instruments used in the test should be calibrated and calibrated. 2.2.5 The test site should select a representative plot of the local area. Investigate the plot size, soil type, surface undulation, vegetation, previous crops and cultivation methods of the test site and record them in Table 1. 2.2.6 The test site should have sufficient area and its length should not be less than 100m. The length of the measurement area is 50m, with stable areas at both ends. 2.3 Test site condition determination
Randomly sample 5 locations on the two diagonal lines of the test area
2.3.1 Vegetation condition: Conducted on plots where weeds are eliminated or targets are used instead of tillage. Randomly sample 5 locations in the test area with a 1m2 square frame, measure the height and density of the stubble (grass), and record them in Table 1.2.3.2 Determination of absolute soil moisture content: Randomly sample 5 locations in the test area of the day. Sampling depth: When the harrowing depth is less than 15cm, take one layer with a depth of 0~harrowing depth; when the harrowing depth is greater than 15cm, take two layers with depths of 0~10cm and 10cm~target depth respectively. Calculate the average moisture content of each layer at each measuring point, and calculate the average moisture content of the entire target depth, and record them in Table 2. The absolute moisture content of soil fill is calculated according to formula (1):
Wherein: W is the absolute moisture content of soil;
G is the weight of wet soil, g;
G is the weight of dry soil, g.
×100%
2.3.3 Determination of soil firmness: Randomly select 5 locations in the test area (uncultivated land) of the test on the same day, and the sampling depth is the same as that of Article 2.3.2. Use a firmness meter to measure the soil firmness of each layer and the full target depth, calculate the average value, or use a special instrument to read the value directly and record it in Table 2. Approved by the Ministry of Machinery and Electronics Industry on June 10, 1992 and implemented on July 1, 1993
2.4 Performance measurement
JB/T6279.3—1992
Generally, the performance of the prototype should be measured at the maximum deflection angle and the commonly used deflection angle. 2.4.1 Target depth and target depth stability measurement: Two strokes are measured in the measurement area, 4 points are measured in each stroke, and a total of 8 points are measured. The unit stops at the measuring point, and the axis of the harrow row is used as the measurement reference. The depth of the harrow row on both sides of the soil is measured at the position close to the last target, and the reading accuracy is 0.5cm. According to the measured data, the following indicators are calculated and recorded in Table 3. In the formula: xb-
Average harrow depth, cm;
The sum of the harrow depth measurement values, cm;
Number of measuring points.
In the formula: S—Standard deviation, cm;
V—Coefficient of variation.
×100%
2.4.2 Determination of surface flatness before and after harrowing and ditch bottom flatness after harrowing (stubble land): Select 3 locations along the tillage direction in the measurement area, measure the surface flatness before and after harrowing and the flatness of the ditch bottom after the target at each location, calculate the standard deviation, and record it in Table 4. The standard deviation is calculated according to formula (5):
Where: S—standard deviation, cm;
-measured value of each measurement point, cm;
average value, cm;
-number of measurement points.
x is calculated according to formula (6):
z(xx)
2.4.3 Determination of soil crushing degree: Randomly sample 5 locations in the measurement area before and after the test (only after the test for the target land). Take soil samples from each location within the 0.4m×0.4m harrowing depth, calculate the weight of soil blocks greater than and less than (including equal to) 5cm and the total weight of soil blocks, calculate the percentage of soil crushing according to formula (7), and record it in Table 5. G
×100%
Where: C
Soil crushing procedure;
-Weight of soil blocks less than (including equal to) 5cm, kg; G
GTotal weight of soil blocks, kg.
2.4.4 Determination of stubble (grass) killing degree: Randomly sample 5 locations in the measurement area, each with an area of 1m2. Calculate the percentage of stubble (grass) killing degree according to formula (8), and record it in Table 6.
Where: B—grass killing degree;
n—Total number of stubble (grass) plants;
Number of un-stubble (grass) plants.
JB/T6279.31992
Bm = N. - nu
×100%
2.4.5 Determination of traction resistance: Measure two strokes. Directly measure the traction resistance of the cake by electrical measurement or tensile force meter, calculate the average value, and calculate the specific resistance of the rake according to formula (9), and record them in Table 8. K:
Where: K-
Specific resistance of the rake, MPa;
Traction resistance of the rake, N;
B-actual rake width, cm.
2.4.6 Calculation of power consumption: Measure the time it takes for the unit to pass through the measurement area (measure two strokes), calculate the forward speed of the unit according to formula (10), and record it in Table 8.
Where: U-
unit forward speed, m/s;
L—measurement area length, m;
time for a unit to pass through the measurement area, S.
Given the unit forward speed and the traction resistance of the harrow, calculate the power consumed by the harrow according to formula (11) and record it in Table 9. N
Where: NThe power consumed by the harrow, kW.
2.4.7Calculation of traction force utilization rate: Calculate according to formula (2) and record it in Table 9. P×100%
Where: np
Traction force utilization rate;
Rated traction force of the tractor at this gear, N. 2.4.8Calculation of traction power utilization rate: Calculate according to formula (13) and record it in Table 9. nN
Where: nN
3 Production test
3.1 Purpose
Utilization rate of traction power;
Rated traction power of the tractor at this gear, kW. (10)
Through large-scale production tests, the reliability of the prototype structure, operational adaptability, economical use, convenience of adjustment and maintenance, and service life of wearing parts are evaluated.
3.2 Preparation before the test
3.2.1 Check whether the parts and components of the prototype are deformed, damaged or have other defects. 3
JB/T6279.3-1992
3.2.2 For the easily worn parts (such as target pieces, bearings, transport wheel axles, etc.) and easily deformed parts (such as square axles, drawbars, etc.) of the prototype, the dimensional measurement or weighing method can be used for measurement, and the measured values are recorded in Table 12.3.3 Production test assessment operation volume
The operation volume of the disc harrow equipped with a small tractor below 18kW (including 18kW) is not less than 40ha per meter of stalk width; the operation volume of the disc harrow equipped with a large and medium-sized tractor above 18kW is not less than 60ha per meter of target width. 3.4 The production assessment should be no less than 3 working shifts. The working time of each shift is not less than 6h, and the time is measured accurately to "min". Record the harrowing area, time and fuel consumption of each shift in detail, and record them in Tables 10 and 11. Calculate the following indicators based on the measured data and record them in Table 11. 3.4.1 Pure working hour productivity, calculated according to formula (14): Where: E. Pure working hour productivity, ha/h; ZQ.
The sum of the workload of each shift determined by production, ha; ZT. —The sum of the pure working time of each shift determined by production, h. 3.4.2 Shift hour productivity, calculated according to formula (15): Where: E—Shift hour productivity, ha/h; Ee,
The sum of the time of each shift determined by production, h. 3.4.3 Fuel consumption, calculated according to formula (16): Where: 9 Fuel consumption per hectare, kg/ha; G.
ZG. The sum of the fuel consumption of each shift determined by production, kg. 3.5 After the test, the wear parts and deformation parts should be measured again and the results should be recorded in Table 12. (14)
3.6 During the entire test process, the operation quality of the prototype should be observed in detail, and the types, locations, causes and troubleshooting methods of parts and components failures should be recorded in detail and recorded in Table 13. The reliability of the use of the target should be evaluated and calculated according to formula (17): ET
Where: K—effectiveness of the target (reliability of use); X100%..
ZT,—the sum of the operation time of each shift of the prototype during the production assessment period, h; T. ——The sum of the time used for troubleshooting in each shift during the production assessment period of the prototype, h. 3.7 Through the adjustment and maintenance of the target, a comprehensive comparison of the convenience of adjustment and maintenance is made. 4 Preparation of test report
4.1 After the test, the observation, measurement and calculation results should be sorted out and summarized to prepare a test report. 4.2 The test report should include the following contents:
a, test situation overview;
b, test conditions;
technical characteristics of the test prototype (with photos); c.
d. test results and analysis;
conclusions and suggestions.
JB/T 6279.31992
1 Test site characteristics record
Machine name:
Test site:
Length m
Width m
Area ha
Topography and slope of the test site
Soil type
Name of previous crop
Average plant height cm
Maximum plant height cm
Density dong/m2
Pre-tillage tillage method
Previous crop cultivation method
Previous tillage depth cm
Measurer:
Machine name:
Test location:
Harrow depth stratification
0-harrow depth
10-harrow depth
0-harrow depth
10-harrow depth
Machine model:
Recorder:
Tractor model:
Measurement date:
2 Soil moisture content and soil firmness measurement record table 2
Machine model:
Soil type:
Soil moisture content
Tractor model:
Measurement date:
Soil firmness
Machine name:
Test location:
Measurer:
Measurer:
Harrow depth and stratification
0~harrow depth
10~harrow depth||tt ||0-harrow depth
10-harrow depth
0~harrow depth
10~harrow depth
Actual harrow depth cm
Average harrow depth cm
Standard deviation cm
Coefficient of variation %
Actual harrow depth cm
Average harrow depth cm
Standard deviation cm
Coefficient of variation
Machine model:
Soil type:
JB/T 6279.31992
Continued Table 2
Tractor model:
Measurement date:
Soil moisture content
Recorder:
Soil firmness
Recorder of harrow depth stability
First stroke
Recorder:
Second stroke
Machine name:
Unit working speed:||tt| |Average value
Standard deviation
Coefficient of variation
Measurer:
JB/T6279.31992
Measurement and recording machine model for harrow depth, surface flatness after brushing and ditch bottom flatness after brushing:
Angle adjustment: (°)
Before harrowing cm
Recorder:
Note: When testing medium and heavy disc brushes, the flatness of the ditch bottom after brushing is also measured. Tractor model:
Measurement date:
After harrowing cm
Table 5 Determination record of soil crushing degree
Machine name:
Unit working speed:
Soil type:
Soil taking depth:
Measurer:
Machine model:
≤5cm
Tractor model:
Test location:
Angle adjustment:
Measurement date:
Weight of soil clods kg
Recorder:
Ditch bottom cm
Degree of soil crushing
Total weight of soil clods
Machine name:
Unit working speed:| |tt||Previous crop:
Machine model:
Total number of stubble (grass) per square meter
Number of stubble (grass) not killed after harrowing
Determination degree of stubble (grass)%
Measurer:
Test location:
Unit working speed:
Machine name
Machine model
Tractor model
Average soil moisture content%
JB/T6279.3-1992
Determination record of stubble (grass) degree
Tractor model:
Test location:
Determination date:
Recorder:
Average soil hardness Compactness MPa
Surface flatness
Stability of harrowing depth
Average degree of soil crushing
Compiler:
Standard deviation
Coefficient of variation%
Standard deviation
Coefficient of variation
Average harrowing depth
Standard deviation
Coefficient of variation
Average harrowing depth
Standard deviation
Coefficient of variation
Degree of stubble (grass) %
Performance measurement comprehensive table
Soil type:
Measurement date:
Test prototype
Comparison prototype
Machine name:
Tractor model:|| tt||Soil type:
Traction resistance N
Average harrow depth cm
Actual harrow width cm
Resistance MPa
Working speed m/s
Measurer:
Test location:
Soil type:
Machine name and model
Tractor name and model
Working gear
Working speed
Average harrow depth
Actual harrow width
Traction resistance
Power consumption
Traction force utilization
Traction power utilization
Compiler:
Gear:
JB/T 6279.31992
Table 8 Resistance measurement record
Machine model:
Test location:
Measurement date:
First stroke
Recorder:
Second stroke
Power measurement comprehensive table
Measurement date:
Test prototype
Comparison prototype
Machine name:
Tractor model:
Soil type:||t t||Measurer:
Machine name:
Tractor model:
Soil type:
Work start time
Work end time
Work duration h
Idle time over 1km
Natural impact stop time
Power stop time
Pure working time
Idle time within 1km
Adjustment and maintenance time
Failure time|| tt||Harrowing area ha
Harrowing area
Shift time
Pure working time
Fuel consumption
Shift hourly productivity
Pure hourly productivity
Fuel consumption per unit area
Ease of adjustment and maintenance
Effectiveness (reliability in use)
Measurer:
JB/T6279.31992
Production verification record
Machine type No.:
Test location:
Measurement date:
Recorder:
First shift
Production verification summary
Machine model:
Test location:
Measurement date:
Test prototype
Second shift
Recorder:
Third shift
Comparison prototype
First shift
Second shift
Third shift31992
Production verification record
Machine model:
Test location:
Measurement date:
Recorder:
First shift
Production verification summary
Machine model:
Test location:
Measurement date:
Test prototype
Second shift
Recorder:
Third shift
Comparison prototype
First shift
Second shift
Third shift
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